AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Margaret Eleanor Atwood is born on November 18, 1939, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She received her undergraduate degree from Victoria College at the University of Toronto and her master's degree from Radcliffe College.
Atwood is a Canadian writer best known for her novels, which include: The Edible Woman (1969), Surfacing (1972), Lady Oracle (1976), Life Before Man (1979), Bodily Harm (1981), The Handmaid's Tale (1985), Cat's Eye (1988), The Robber Bride (1993), Alias Grace (1996) and The Blind Assassin (1998).
Atwood is a famous writer, and her novels are best sold all over the world. She has been labelled as a Canadian nationalist, feminist, and even a gothic writer. She is well known internationally in the USA, Europe, and Australia.
This research aims at showing throughout Surfacing, the way Atwood portraits the narrator as a woman searching for her own identity.
The narrator is considered a sympathetic and sensitive woman. Hilary Trapani states that:

The study examines the pragmatic strategies of reprimanding behavior by Iraqi EFL male and female university learners and identifies the politeness strategies preferred by each gender. A discourse-completion task is utilized to elicit written responses from 40 Iraqi EFL participants divided equally into 20 males and 20 females. Results reveal that both Iraqi EFL male and female participants opt for solidarity politeness over deferential politeness thereby reflecting their preference for being authoritative while maintaining friendliness. As for supportive moves, they use mitigators and aggravators to ameliorate and intensify respectively the head acts of reprimands. They prefer aggravators over mitigators in their reprimands. Though the two gender groups of Iraqi EFL participants use the same strategy types of head acts and supportive moves in their reprimands, they differ in the frequency of occurrence of particular strategy types. Finally, a number of conclusions and pedagogical implications are presented.

By definition, the Romantic ego is a male; the creator of language which helps him to establish “rites of passage toward poetic creativity and toward masculine empowerment.”1 The outlet for a male quest of self – possession in Romantic poetry is women. For the Romantic poets , the “true woman was emotional, dependent and gentle –a born flower”2 and “the Ideal mother was expected to be strong , self- reliant , protective and efficient caretaker in relation to children and home.”4 With emphasis on the individual in Romantic literature and ideology, mothers are depicted as good when they are natural or unnaturally bad. In the Romantic period then, women’s maternal function equals the “foundation of her social identity and of her sexual desire.”5 Consequently, “convinced that within the individual and autonomous and forceful agent makes creation possible”, the Romantic poets “struggle to control that agent and manipulate its energy.”6

The literary style in the Baroque era
At the end of the middle eras, began in Spain an era of literary integration called it the (Golden era) Unlike political events which was prevalent there, Spain was from the side political lives he situation is stressed and internal divisions, but from the literary side She reached the peak of her relationship.
The term Baroque refers to a movement of art, literature and culture, spread in Spain since the end of the sixteenth century until the end of the seventeenth century, In the seventeenth century began Literary productions from theater, novel, poetry and prose reach its grandeur, and there appeared prominent writers They knew in Spain and the world as well such as (Luba de Veca) and his style in theater and literary currents, Who followed his approach.
The current study consists of two chapters:
- Chapter one refers to the beginning and prosperity and the end of baroque style in Spanish literature.
- The second chapter explains it operation evolution of the method (baroque) especially in lyric poetry of the baroque, We spoke in it about the most prominent figures in the field of poetry during the golden era.

In undertaking a psychoanalytical approach to King Lear, this paper treads in the footsteps of Freud in his ‘The Theme of the Three Caskets.’ Clearly early Jacobean society was very different from our own; expectations of patriarchy and the place of daughters was only partly covered by the image of the now dead Virgin Queen Elizabeth. One theory alone will not be enough to explain the complexities of the text and modern ideas such as historicism and feminism are also shown to bring new insights, even though they are insights the playwright themselves may not have understood.

The romantic movement and Spanish literature:
The romantic movement is regarded as rational and article movement which is appeared.
The beginning of ninth century in spite of the start point was in the end of eighteenth century. This movement spreads in the fields of music, literature, drawing and carving. It is a movement which includes all these fields and refused the modern classical method. It is submitted to literary and comedy modes and change the champions of the ascendance in literary works and create an element of exaggeration in irrational describing in order to escape from reality. It used the imagination and reality at the same time.
The paper is dividing to two chapters the first contain general over view of romantic doctrine in Europe and Spanish and its directions, social frames and characteristics of the types of art like novel and theater while the second chapter ideals with song poetry and we gave an example of the poet JOSE ISPERONTHEDA.

This paper explores those aspects of interpreting texts' meanings by Islamic Fundamentalist Jurisprudents (FJs, henceforth) who represent a special class of linguists. They are concerned with the investigation of aspects of meaning within religious texts so as to form legal interpretations and judgments. Herein the attempt is made to trace their own stream of thought in the study of linguistic clues, whether internal or external, in the treatment of texts and detecting the intended meaning therein. By so doing, a distribution of their views is made into frameworks of present day streams of linguistic thought. It has been concluded that the FJs not only looked at the semantic aspects in their interpretation of texts, but they were more concerned with the pragmatic aspects in their search for the appropriate legal judgments.

The artistic image is the hallmark of the poetic discourse, the borderline between the language of poetry and the language of prose, one of the important pillars on which the creative process is based. However, each image appears only on the basis of the metaphorical expression that occurs in the context of linking the semantics between words and meaning, truth and imagination. The secret of the success of the work of art is that it stems from the text itself and its technical tools, that is, the aesthetic of the text reflects the aesthetics of the poet himself, and his ability to convey his experience and passion to the recipient .
This study attempts to stand at the structure of the poetic image in the text - the lamentations of the flags - of the era of prophecy as the main feature of Arabic poetry. In order for the study to reach the desired goal, it is divided into two parts. First, it deals with the concept of the image and its artistic sources, and its impact on the structure of the poetic text . And the other: the formation of artistic image in the structure of poetic text by graphic means , And multiple patterns, including sensory and mental . The metaphor gives power and inspiration to affect the recipient and create a response . We will illustrate these structures through various practical models of lamentation in the age of prophecy .

I have chosen this subject, to be a research, called:(the rule of the mandate to force the father to marry his daughter in Islamic law).
I have chosen this topic because it is important because of its spread among our societies, and the frequent forcing of women to marry against their will, and sometimes to marry them financially regardless of the husband's religion, morals or behavior. Which led to the proliferation of family problems, and the frequent divorce between couples because of incompatibility between them My research has made this an introduction, two papers, and a conclusion.
I discussed in the introduction: the reasons for choosing the topic and its importance, and the division of research.
As for the first topic, it divided it into two requirements:
The first requirement: the definition of the mandate of coercion, and the conditions of the guardian.
The second is the order of the Patriarchs.
As for the second topic: it indicates the ruling of the mandate of forcing the father to marry his daughter.
The conclusion: I have shown the most important findings through research..

The research concluded that the poet Ibn Jubeir al-Andalusi is a poet who is distinguished by his poetic image which stems from the depth of his thinking influenced by the Andalusian environment as well as his broad culture and the depth of his great imagination. The poet invented various senses in the weaving of his poetry, And the poet mastered the use of sensory image to approximate what is just or moral as well as it has created a great creativity in the recruitment of the abstract to approximate what is significant and the latter a little Maabdoa by it because it needs a poetic energy that makes the senses imaginary and abstract. Color tone Wide in the sensual image.

Through my study of injustice view by ALmutanabe I conclude the following
- There is proportional relation between his personal life and his poetry . Most of his poetry is a reflection of this life filled with disturbance , anxiety and fanaticism .
- Almutanabe fought , conflict an work hard to had a position among great men and to be famous in his time .
- Hard experience and the injustice he confronted helped him to release his poetic energy and his distinguished discrimination thoughts .
- His poetry was characterized tranquil and pacifity in front of time hardness his the terrany of officials specially his suffering in jails even without reasons .
- He was not occupied with beautiful woman and charming concubine and he was not occupied with alcoholism because he was working to achieve his revolution against the enemy of Arabs and call the people for reform and fighting corruption also he wanted to achieve his personal aims to assume high positions.
He never abandon subjective (I) whenever he went It was his weapon against any person . Who attempt to abase his prestige and degrade his dignity . Man comes to life without choosing his family or lineage , but it is real situation . If amen comes from a poor family or have no lineage should be treated as himself not as self of others . Almutanabe became the century poet and occupied high status as he had art , rhetoric and poetry . Thus he must be respected and evaluated . But he suffered from less reception and unfair treatment from people specially from envious and failing . That made him suffer from injustice days , because as he found the doors opened they were closed again by persons around him .

There are key terms in the Holy Quran, centering around a focused word in a complicated semantic field within a comprehensive conceptual system. These focused words and key terms play a significant role in establishing the conceptual structure of a Quranic view. The present study aims to recognize these words, extract them from the Quran lexicon and draw attentions to the interlocking relations which govern these semantic fields. This would help to lay a stable foundation for literary analysis as it will be described later in this paper. Accordingly this research presents the following issues:
1. Recognizing the Quranic terms which make up the semantic field of “route,” i.e., “maslak,” in either a metaphorical or real sense. This can equally function in religious and non-religious fields including:
• The route meaning in general
• Shari’ah and its stable approach
• What is contradictory to religion
2. Challenging the central point view in the moral conceptual system devised by the Japanese orientalist, Toshihiko Izutsu in his books: “Allah and Man in the Quran” and “Ethico-Religious Beliefs in Islamic Theology.”
3. Developing a proposal to change Izutsu’s idea through the following suggestions:
• That the word “sabil” substitutes “kufr” as the focused word;
• That the field words around sabil have the following semantic features:
 Positive (as used in sirat or sabil) in statements and definitions with a positive connotation, such as “accepting guidance” and “advancement.”
 Negative when the guidance to the sabil is missing which itself leads to:
 Retraction, aberration and deviation
 Exodus, revolt and rebellion
 Apostasy and retrogradation
• That the moral conceptual system comprises three types which are respectively concerned with describing the status of man in relation to his God, to himself and to other people in the society.

1.The research is based on good collection of Andalusian poetic texts about the poetry of amnesty when there is power that was mixed with other purposes. As we find, there are many poets who organized the poetry in more than one poem, such as " Al-Mutamad " and his son Al-Radi and Ibn Zaydun, as their numbers approached to twelve poets. This number, of course, will not be the last one, a number allowed by research and investigation
2.Adversity and setbacks is one of the reasons for the appearance of this purpose, and its content is the same from one era to another owing to similarities of circumstances and suffering. , Andalusian poetry was full of this meaning. .
3. The Amnesty poetry in power is of great importance as a container for a vital human subject in which the shepherds express the most important humanitarian experience in the face of adversity and calamity.
4 - These poems are characterized that they have the ability to deliver and interact with the listener, and make him change his mind and exposure of his intensity and joy of his survival penalty of death.
5. The texts in this regard indicate the similarity of the human emotions of the Andalusian poets and attitudes towards the joy between the public and the private in terms of winning pardons and getting rid of the hardships after these hardships began to be difficult, but ended with a happy ending which led to the joy of amnesty.
6.The poetry of amnesty is not confined to the general poets in Andalusia, but also to their senior and famous ones.
7 - The texts were of a great importance, because it represents a historical document leads us to identify the events and political figures, religious and social that prevailed in the society in that era, because it reflects a position sees the self and the other from the perspective of Astalai, and amnesty to distinguish each other.
8 - This poetic style indicates the nature of Andalusians leaning towards renewal, and non - compliance with the previous substantive rules.
9 - The poetry of amnesty at the first ability to be the most poetic purposes are serious, as the poets can win the pardon after the despair , these poems folds a difficult phase of their lives, which was the systems of these poems, which were in fact only the equivalent of the substantive life, they got the Poets to the end of joyousness .
10 - Not all the poets who organized this subject were rewarded with amnesty, and rejoiced later, but some of them suffered from humiliation in a long prison that does not end, and some of them died, but most of the poems that organized achieved amnesty.
11. It is clear that the Andalusians are very interested in poetry, and not to abandon it in all matters of life, but such poetry did not leave them in most severe trials and fatalities and cruelty to man.
12. Political events have had their role in the emergence of this poetic art, because it stems from the core of a tragedy of Andalusia, which had no precedent in the history of Islam.
13. Through these poems, it is important to express the importance of poetry in the expression of issues of great importance to the life of the Andalusian Arabs
14. The Andalusian poets singled out the amnesty with much care, in terms of choosing the suitable sea for their subjects, choosing the Arabic rhetoric, and decorating the speech with exquisite colors of words
15.Andalusia was not the first to this purpose as well as the many texts were in the era of the kings of " Tawaif" , we found many poetic texts in the East.

In this research, we will examine the life of a historian of the Arab Maghreb in the sixth century AH, namely, Abu Marwan Abdul Malik bin Abi Qasim Mohammed bin Al-Kordobos Al-Tozari, where he divided the research into two topics: The first topic was devoted to know about the life of the historian and about his age, And about his sheikhs, his travels, his writings and his death. The second study is devoted to studying the approach of the historian in his book "Sufficiency in the news of the caliphs." The research shows that the style of Ibn al-Kordobus was clear in his words in his expressions, which reveals the literary and scientific level that was high, which helped him to absorb what he mentioned his resources, In his formulation in a clear and precise way to fulfill the purposes that he intended to achieve from the writing of his book.

The predominant feature of the ideas, plans and projects of the British occupation in Iraq, whatever the official issued by them or the decisions of the military leaders is to achieve the British interest above all, and worked on the issuance of laws required by the local conditions adopted by the British military commissions, followed by some tribal sheikhs in And then painted their independent policy in what they see as possible on a structural political system of the state as a whole in partial systems with specialized functions such as legislative, executive and judicial powers, thus achieving their colonial goals in a similar way to their surroundings And the Iraqis have felt the feeling that Britain has denied its promises and decisions to protect the security of Iraq and the commitment to preserve dignity and respect for Iraqis, and worked on the abuse in their homeland and increased the social status of the tribes of Iraq in an attempt to separate them from the civil entity, and use a strong weapon with the new changes, which Painful and painful surgeries were born at the political and social levels, resulting in rebellions and revolutions.

The Indian presence in Kuwait preceded the emergence of oil for many years and over time flowed large groups of workers and traders to work and stability in Kuwait, the Indian community has become one of the largest communities and its status and respect among the Kuwaiti population.
These communities have influenced Kuwaiti society and have been influenced by Kuwaiti customs and traditions and have contributed to the revival of the economy through mutual trade between the two countries for many decades. Kuwait has been an important market for Indian traders.
The Indian doctors also contributed to treating the Kuwaiti people from the diseases that settled in Kuwait. The percentage of Indian workers in the health field was 70%. The Indian communities are also credited with flourishing Kuwait through work in oil, electricity and water projects. Communities with interest Kuwait's elders who granted some privileges that were not granted to other communities such as free treatment like the Kuwaiti citizen and the opening of private schools in the Indian community and the rates of conversion from hard currency to India.

The Research Explores the Green Revolution Witnessed by India Between 1967 and 1970, which has become a Watershed in India's Economic History due to the Important Results achieved by that Revolution. The Department of Research on three topics Dealt with the Reasons that Called for the adoption of the Green Revolution, while the Second topic Focused on the Revolution and the Most Important Developments, the Third Section Specializes in Evaluating the Revolution in Terms of Pros and Cons.

There is no doubt that the study of the resources of any historian is not less than the status of historical studies because of its great importance in our contemporary life as an attempt to uncover the elements of originality and creativity in the curricula of our historians evacuation. This, on the other hand, shows historical information of high scientific value scattered in the stomach of books. In addition, the writing in the resources of medical books historians, which is the subject of our research, which is marked by a few writings, when measured against other historical topics such as political history, social history, economic history and other aspects of human history. We wrote this topic, The second research we devoted to the resources of Ibn Tulun in his book Manhal Rowe in the Prophetic Medicine, which relied on it mainly on the Koran and Hadith Prophet.

The contributions of the female followers (Al-Taba’yat) (may Allah be pleased with them) in honor of carrying the Hadith of the Prophet, and their impact on the education of the sciences of the Holy Quran and the Hadith in their educational sessions have resulted in the graduation of scholars and imams of Muslims such as Erwa bin Zubair and Muhammed bin Muslim Al-Zuhri and Abu Bakr Al-Ansari and others.
The impact of the codification of the Prophet's Hadith during the Umayyad period (41 AH / 132 AH / 661 AD - 750 AD) was important in the activity of intellectual and scientific movement in the Islamic community, as a result of the efforts of scholars and jurists of the male and female followers of the Muslims (may Allah be pleased with them) whom made bridges between the study of the Prophet's Hadith and Islamic history.
The teaching classes of the female followers (Al-Taba’yat) were not held only in the mosques, but were held in their houses. They were teaching men and women reading and writing The Holy Qur’an and its explanation, also teaching them the prophetic sayings (AlSunnah) of Messenger Mohammed (Peace be upon him). Furthermore, their effect on collecting the Prophetic sayings (Sunnah), and their effect on the writing of the (Sunnah) on the Umayyad period, therefore, the history write their distinguished intellectual and philosophical in the Islamic sciences.

With the continued population growth and economic development between Iraq and Iran, especially the border areas adjacent to the provinces of (Diyala, Wasit and Maysan), the problem of water pollution is increasing. These provinces share with Iran in many rivers and tributaries. The lack of commitment by the Iranian side led to the emergence of problems such as Iran's Convert of some rivers inside Iranian territory and depriving Iraq of its water, as well as the establishment of dams, reservoirs and permanent and temporary systems to control river waters. E Aqueous trocar agricultural stocks in increasing the salinity of rivers, as well as the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, all of these things have led to water pollution and has become the study area suffers from a serious water-pollution.

Sawa Lake is one of the most important tourist lakes in Iraq. It is a closed lake located in the southern plateau of Iraq in the arid region. Most of its feeding is groundwater, and there is no clear surface water source feeding it. A topographic survey was conducted for the first time for the rocky cliff, bottom and coasts of lake, Three water springs feeding it were discovered which have distinctive geomorphic characteristics located in the middle of the lake stems from distant depths. High-resolution topographic equipment (2 mm) were used in topographic lift operations. These data have been collected, processed and integrated by using ARC GIs10.2.1. First-time topographic maps of the Lake Bottom, Coast, Rocky Cliff and surrounding areas have been produced based on sea level rise, as well as follow-up of their levels depending on benchmark point. Results of the survey showed topographic differences between the earth's surface, which ranged between 18.6 - 9m, and the serious decline of water levels were also identified. In this study, which lasted for six years (2012-2017), it was proven that the lake's level declined from 15.77 m on 17 / 11/2012 to retreat to (13.80 m) on 17/11/2017.

The environmental characteristics of the Euphrates River were studied in the city of Nasiriyah, which is exposed to the sources of industrial pollution. The analysis of the water models revealed a difference in the concentration of the environmental characteristics. For example, PH at Nassiriya thermal power station (8.5 mg / L) Heavy (TDD) in heavy aluminum (1880 mg / L) and (TSS) (mg / L) at the textile laboratory by (2.3 mg / L) and TH (733 mg / L) (190 mg / L), PO4 at the heavy capacitor (2.6 mg / L), (Ca) at the industrial capacitor plant (220 mg / L), and (oils and grease) (20.3 mg / L) and (Cl) at the industrial aluminum site (1653 mg / L), SO4 at the heavy aluminum plant at (1425 mg / L) and CoD at heavy aluminum with 144 mg / And the temperature at the power plant (30 ° -35 ° C), as well as the number of sites exceeded the industrial determinants and determinants of human use and drinking water, which resulted in the increase in the severity of the incidence of diarrhea diseases in children with the total annual rate of auditors for 2016, (39.8) recorded the highest during the hot summer because of drinking water and juices, while typhoid disease rate of infected (33.9) also increased in the summer months and rash, LGA infection rate (20.8) injured, as a result of the rise in high temperatures during the summer months and frequent cutting power supply.

The exploitation of water resources necessitates the increase in efficiency and reduce in water wasting . This could be done by knowing and specifying water needs for the crops that being considered the basis of agricultural project 's success , along with supplying the plants with sufficient water and with specified periods , as to prevent the waste or to prevent shortage in water . This could be based on many factors including ( the atmosphere , its elements , type of crop, soil type and to what extent it preserves the water) . Most of irrigation projects have been established in a period of time where water shortage has been not sufficiently estimated ; these projects have not been witnessed development as to pace the modern technologies under the dry and hot climate . This actually resulted into diminishing ratio of lands that could be implanted with rain water . Thus , it is necessary to establish irrigation projects as to secure continuous agriculture . When considering the water needs and irrigation technologies , these factors specify quantity of water that being sufficient for irrigation and specifying areas of farmlands that rely on methods of irrigation and type of crop decided to be planted in the governorate.

In recent years, new areas of knowledge have opened up, calling for a need Is growing in an attempt to remove obstacles to the preparation and growth of a professional art education teacher ,And assist him in the task of teaching through the adoption of the developmental thinking towards the direction of sustainable development In accordance with the requirements of the times, Accordingly, the researcher started towards establishing solutions to the problem addressed by the current research, Through the identification of indicators of sustainable development after the disclosure of the professional level of teachers of art education in the primary stage, , And this requires research and investigation in the literary chapter addressed by the current research, The topics of professional development of the teacher of art education as well as the methods of their interaction with sustainable development trends were presented and discussed And reflecting the characteristics of the teacher in the field of art education and educational positions, , So the current research community included all teachers of art education from the primary schools of the directorates of public education in the province of Baghdad for the academic year 2016-2017, , Until the sample was selected, which amounted to (58) teachers and teachers of art education in the morning study, A note form was designed according to the dimensions of sustainable development and a set of educational evidence as tools for the current research. The researcher then verified its validity (85%) and its consistency with the agreement coefficient (88,39) , And the application of research tools to identify the impact of indicators of sustainable development on the possibility of creating professional growth of the teacher, and this resulted in the recording of a set of results, the most prominent of which is the possibility of activating the trend of sustainable development in educational situations, , As well as the disclosure of some aspects of the strength and failure within these attitudes, social, environmental and economic, which are practiced by teachers of art education, so the researcher recommended and suggested some treatments and approaches that can achieve sustainable development of the teacher of art education in educational situations.

Psychological capital and its relationship to some variables for
The University staff member’s teachers and employees. The current research aims mainly to measuring psychological capital in the university environment, as well as other objectives related to the nature of the difference in psychological capital according to a number of demographic variables such as job (University teachers, employee), gender (male, female) (Scientific, human) with regard to the category of teachers. The current research was determined by a sample of (230) members of Baghdad University selected according to the variables above.In order to achive objectives of the research the researchers constructed a scale of the psychological capital and then verified its psychometric properties and settled on (23) items with a 5 points. After analyzing the data using the T-test of one sample and two independent samples and Tow way anova, the research reached the following results:
1. There is a high level of psychological capital in the entire research sample.
2. There is a high level of psychological capital in the sample of teachers in general and regardless of the variables of gender and specialization.
3. There is no significant difference in the psychological capital among the scientific and human subjects of the teachers in the research sample.
4. There is a high level of psychological capital in the sample of employees in general and regardless of gender variable.
5. There is a high level of psychological capital in the male sample in general and regardless of the variables of the job and specialization for the teachers.
6. There is a high level of psychological capital in the female sample in general and regardless of the variables of the job and specialization for the teachers.
7. There has been a statistically significant difference in the psychological capital according to the variable of the job (teachers, employees) and for the benefit of the teachers.
8 .There was a statistically significant difference between males and females in psychological capital in the whole sample and in favor of males.
9. There was no statistically significant effect on psychological capital depending on the interaction of both gender and function variable.
Acording to the results obtained a number of recommendations and proposals were presented.

This Study aimed to reveal the extent of the biology salience text book for the learning output form the point of view of the subject’s teachers.To achieve the goal form this study questionnaire has been prepared consisted of (27) coleuses with tertiary steeper’s distributed to four fields ( the content , goals, educational means and evaluation) Study population represents its sample that reached (80) male available and female teachers teaching the biology subject in Al-an tar Education Directorate in Al- Solaimaniyah Governorate. The results showed that the degree of the Biology science text book for the intermediate third grade achievement form the point of view of the subject’s teachers was at media degree, also the results showed the absence of differences with statistically significance at significance level (a =0.05) in the degree of the Biology textbook of achieving the learning outputs attribute to any of the study’s independent variables ( Gender, scientific Qualification, years of experience) whether on the instrument as a whole or on the sal-fields.

The objective of the current research to identify the Efficiency Integrating Between The Models of Learning Cycle and Concepts Maps for Achievement in Mathematics of the Students for First –intermidiat.
The sample consisted of (65) Students from the 1st grade students of the new rising for boys of the directorate of education Baghdad al Rasafa 3 , Rose (33) students in the experimental Group, (32) students in the group Control The collection by test (40) clause (34) clause of the kind of subjective-and (6) paragraphs of article items , It was the verification of the truthfulness and sincerity of virtual test- labs test content and the calculation of the flat ,with the method of split half bringing using the equation of Gutman (0.861), Using the appropriate statistical methods the results above the students of the Experimental Group who studied the efficiency integrating between the models of learning cycle and concepts maps session on students who studied the Control group in the usual way in the Achievement Test, in the light of these results reached a number of Conclusions and Recommendations and Proposals.

The relationship of functional grammar theory in getting grammar information for students. The functional grammar theory is a goal in itself because the goal is not training it but carrying it as a mean to teach students language skills through which he or she can communicate with people easily and improving his language abillity . The functional grammar theory is helping the students get the four major language skills : listening , speaking , reading and writing that are used in language learning process that should be used correctly by the students for getting across their message and be able to use the language easily and well .
The grammatical concept is a grammatical terminator with a verbal meaning that defines its meaning, and shows the characteristic or the restriction that falls under what is consistent with the significance or characteristics, and comes out of it does not agree with it. The concept of grammar is a picture of abstract mentality that the student formulate of the word and its structure and relationship with others. It has a rule that adjusts its characteristics and adjectives to indicate the grammatical section to which it belongs so it is easier to distinguish them from others and to judge the anomaly for the distinctly distinct . Scholars and researchers have taken different directions in interpreting the learning of the concept, according to the theories or models of learning that they believe in as it is, and it has a rule that adjusts its characteristics and attributes to indicate the grammatical section to which it belongs as in the case is in the Hilda Taba and Frier's model. It is necessary to use a variety of strategies that help to filter those concepts in their minds. Therefore, the need for educational strategies that focus on teaching concepts that help to organize the student's cognitive structure and shape, and to be able to learn more quickly than before. Sothe concepts are increasingly concerned to help the learner cope with the challenges of the accelerated cognitive explosion. Therefore, the process of acquiring them has become one of the main goals that educators seek to achieve because they summarize the many contradictory and interrelated information gathered in the pillars of knowledge and its key in the past, the present and the future in the life of the learner (Titi, 2004, p. 23).

By reading the history of the development of ideas and theories in the Arab-Islamic arena, we automatically discover that these projects were tantamount to reacting to the dark history of the Arab society under colonialism and occupation, which destroyed the social and cultural structure, Who walked with injustice and ignorance. The era of Arab prosperity has left a great impact on the Arab and Islamic memory, and the human psychology, which has made the educated and educated elite feel very sad and sad in measuring the frustrating and miserable present with the ancient past. There are two types of non-social causes that can be attributed primarily to the rate of suicide: the organic-psychological state and the nature of the physical medium. The most important direct factors that led to a change in the course of radical movements and a change in the method of claiming rights are: the factor of continuous occupation, the secular Ataturk state, the end of the Ottoman Empire, the succession of Muslims and the occupation of Israel in 1948, as Israel is the first country in the region to acquire an independent nuclear and missile capability. The radical map and its link began after the end of Russia's occupation of Afghanistan. The Mujahideen directed their efforts to three countries: Bosnia, Egypt and Algeria. Where they failed in Bosnia to Islamize the conflict over the meaning of civil war, and in Algeria, they won the guerrilla war technica war, but the atrocities in this country isolated them from the social circles supporting them.
The causes and motives of the composition can be reduced to: elites affected by general principles such as the Renaissance factor and the Islamic state, in the big slogan (Islam is the solution, Islam is a religion and a state). And the mass bases that were secondary factors helped to manufacture the radical body such as the economic factor of poverty and the absence of social justice in the distribution of wealth. Ending the political and sectarian conflict, which is always the cause of societies and citizens, is conditional on ending the causes of radical policies, creating a safe environment (food security and prevention), increasing poverty, promoting democratic behavior and respect for human rights and the culture of peaceful coexistence. The central statements that differentiate and distinguish and work on a hierarchical description of the degree of citizens (religious, sectarian, national, partisan, ideological). The distribution of wealth and the application of the principle of social justice and equality of opportunity, and giving according to the act of the individual and his adherence to the principles of laws and fair legislation, are able to end or reduce the chances of suicide bombings and counter-violence. And reduce the public space that supports these extremist theories.

It is well-known that modern Iraq under socio-political transformations and challenges, witnessed a great changes all-over the socio-cultural context, especially on the family. The dominance of the information technology worldwide makes the glob as small as a village. Iraq in particular, started new era after a decade of isolation.
The discussion of any development in the field of communication technology may reflected on the cultural aspect of all human societies, where is some invention reshaped human life; the invention of printing technology, TV and Radio, the wheels, and finally the computer and the internet have always regarded as salient points in the development of human cultures. These inventions bring all human being together in terms of understanding and interacting and probably sharing some behaviours. The providers of the information technology become part of the game; thus, there is no known sender as used to be, and no known receiver as usual; they exchange positions; the receiver could take place the sender and vice versa, which it called today “the democracy of information”, where it is available for everyone and to every category in the society.
For all that the importance of the global communication become very useful and very dangerous at the same time; very useful as it provides information easily to everyone doorstep, and dangerous as it may have undermined the socio-cultural values of the local communities and deeply penetrated through the texture of the local societies, which in turn create unprecedented problems, for example, the traditional generations conflict which has been reshaped and takes different paths, may harden the solutions to reunite the family with the old tools. However, the problem of globalisation, post- modernity and information revolution era entails parent’s high degree of adjustment and sacrifices in order to provide the society with socialized and educated individuals, otherwise they will lose control.

Throughout cinema’s long history that exceeds one hundred years, the cinematic field has witnessed feverish competition, resulted from the intellectual maturity of this art since it appeared as a new invention by Lu-mere Brothers and others from all over the world, who have presented theories formulating trends and directions made up of experiences of innovators that have contributed in transforming cinema from documentation into an innovation instrument through which the director struggles to display, defend and transmit his issue to reach audience completely, free from timeworn traditions, and full of energy and beauty.
The aim of this study is to investigate the current of the poetic scene in the cinema film, and how to create it. This study falls into into five chapters. Chapter One presents the problem of how to create poetic scene in the film as well as terminology with their definitions in accordance with research goals and limits.
Chapter Two , The Theoretical Framework, includes three sections: Section One is devoted to the concept and orientation of poetic scene, Section Two studies the cine scene and Section Three for the poetic elements in the cine structure.
Chapter Three deals with the descriptive analytic procedures, accredited by a committee of experts and specialists at TV and Cine Arts Department. Five indicators have been selected as follows:
1. The narrative construction of events contributes to film poetic scene.
2. Shooting, lighting features contribute to film poetic scene.
3. Employment of decoration and costumes in achieving film poetic scene.
4. Employment of editing effects plays a vital role in film poetic scene.
5. Employment of sound effects of dialogue, music and silence support scene and back up its truthfulness.
Then the researcher has determined the sample and its analysis methods in Chapter Four in the purposeful selection of the film Shakespeare as a Lover. Chapter Five gives results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
Results
1. Both lighting and color play an important role in constructing a poetic frame by active embodiment of suspense, excitement and expectation elements.
2. Sound backs up the frame through soft dialogue and modified volume to become more credible for the audience.
3. The director’s aesthetic employment of camera movements can beautify the frame.
4. Editing effects can create poetic atmosphere by calm transition between frames.
5. Costumes and decoration can attract audience by colors and composing frames in the screen to achieve film poetic scene.
Recommendations
1. Frame dramatic function interacts with various types of cine weave in an integral unit.
2. Sound track, dialog, musical effects and silence can back up the frame in interpreting and clarifying the whole atmosphere.
3. Cine language elements can affect creating poetic frame by color, lighting, movement and tempo.

In this paper we studied a number of the proper nouns that are mentioned in the Old Testament - Genesis - which stand for a number of names of prophets who were mentioned in the Old Testament in that chapter known as the pioneer fathers as a tribute to their role in manifesting faith in the unity of the Creator and discarding polytheism that were prevalent among their people.
These prophets have been affirmed by the Quran in terms of doctrinal and historic presence as prophet assigned to deliver the divine message to the pagan people. Quran has praised them to the extent of titling the suras with their names. It is impossible to tackle those prophets in the Old Testament and the Holy Quran apart from tackling those figures who endure with them the hardships and migration as a manner to show the harsh reality in which the prophets lived. Those proper nouns includes their fathers, mothers, spouses and children whom the Old Testament referred to explicitly, whereas the Holy Quran does not refer to them with the explicit names but with their agnomen.
The paper is divided into two sections:
Section One: includes the names of Prophet Abraham as a proper noun and those accompanied him.
Section Two: includes the study of the proper nouns of the prophets Ishmael, Isaac and Jacob as well as other names.
The paper is concluded with the number of findings according to the comparative approach and a list of references in Arabic, Hebrew and foreign languages.

Hit Persian′s proverbs is considered an one of senior human values that represent the culture and civilization of the Iranians.
Not only the Persians taking them from the Quran on the hair and prose texts even inspired him to have some like them emerging, from here, the Persian proverbs inspired by the Quran has many of the senior human values.
Follow researcher in his research presentation analytical approach descriptive terms divisible by three sections and as shown below:
First research - the word (such as) from the perspective of linguistic terms included:
1.The term goes in the encyclopedia linguistic author Dhkhadda
2. hit proverbs of the concept according to Briqaa
The second topic - Supreme human values in the Persian proverbs inspired by the Koran, containing:
1. human value position to take advantage of hitting the Persian proverb.
2. mentioned Persian proverb
3. stated ideals inspired verse or Quranic text.
4. mentioned Persian translation of the verse mentioned with her translator.
Section III hit the Persian proverb emerging from the Quranic stories and contains two stories:
1.objections to the bne Israel
2. such as dam Alas
Researcher in revenue adopted his research on a variety of sources, including:
1. Proverbs and the wisdom of Dhkhadda
2. Dhkhaddh encyclopedia′s of language.
3. Qur'an al magid had been translated by many known interpreter.
4. proverbs and wisdom in works of poets.
5. stories of proverbs
6. . dictionary′s amed.

Generally, animals have a symbolic role in the literature of different ethnic groups, and in some ways they express the views and customs of different cultures. Perhaps the animal in the literature of some people is a symbol of peace and friendship and, in other people's beliefs, a symbol of hostility . One of the animals with the greatest contradictions is the owl. An animal that, despite its many denunciations in some cultures, has its own position, albeit a negative one. There,the owl is given different attributes. What the place of dispute and discussion among the researchers of the field of literature is that traits such as naked and neglected facts are the origins of Persian or Arabic culture or are they interacting with each other due to the proximity of the two cultures?
In this research, the author attempts to examine the role and position of the owl in the Zoroastrian texts of the Pahlavi and Avestan, as well as in Arabic poetry and beliefs before Islam. The study of the presence of the owl symbol in Persian and Arabic stories and the differences and similarities between them in Arabic and Persian peoples until the fall of Baghdad will be among the other goals of this study. For this purpose, two of the masterpieces of Persian literature (Panchatantra and a border guard) and three works of prominent Arabic (Alsadh and Albaghm, Kashf al-Asrar fi Altyvr sentence and Alaz·har and resale Alsahl and Alshahj) were selected.