Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The health sector still faces a problem represented in the diffusion of health information technology due the high complexity of technological environment. The complexity of technological environment leads to difficulties in adopting and diffusion of health IT. The current study aims to identify the organizational factors driving the diffusion of health information technology. Four factors have been selected based on the literature were top management support, user Involvement, information technology infrastructures, and organizational readiness to information technology innovation. With regard to the sample, it included the health staff working in six private hospitals in the city of Dohuk, and the number of study sample individuals was (233), and the questionnaire has been used to collect the data. Analyzing the data and testing the study model using have been conducted using Structural Equation Modeling. The main result of this study is that there is a significant effect of the four organizational factors have been tested in the study model on the diffusion of health information technology.

The researchers aimed to determine the critical success factors and their impact in supporting the supply chain activities in the oil products distribution company, Nineveh branch, and the researchers set out from a problem. Are the critical success factors an important in the company, and directly affect the supply chain activities in the company? Solving the specific questions in the research problem, many hypotheses were formulated, including "There is a significant correlation relationship between the critical success factors combined and the supply chain activities combined."
The selection was for the "Oil Products Distribution Company, Nineveh branch," which represented the research community. And using the descriptive analytical method, the theoretical and applied research data were dealt with, and using the questionnaire, (200) answers were obtained out of (301) distributed to the respondents who were represented by the engineers, administrators, and technicians working in the research company. As their views were surveyed on the extent of the impact of critical success factors in supply chain activities. In light of the statistical treatments of the research data, a set of conclusions were reached, including: Obtaining a significant correlation between the two research variables in the research company.

The research aims to determine the availability of the dimensions of strategic development according to the (Dyson) model in Al-Fatwa Sports Club in the city of Mosul by diagnosing the reality of the club's adoption of the dimensions of the model and its readiness to adopt strategic development. For strategic development, and what has strengthened that, the close researchers is familiarized with the problems he suffers from and confirmed by field visits he conducted with officials and club members. The questionnaire was used as a tool to obtain the data he needs from the research sample that included the official the club and its members (40) people, obtained according to the ready statistical programming (SPSS Ver. 25), and the results were presented in light of the conclusions and from them.
The motives for adopting strategic development in organizations vary according to their nature and their need for strategic development and according to the requirements of the environment in which they operate, which necessitates giving the topic more importance by doing that and diversity.

The research aims to determine the extent of the impact of the quality of work life (QWL) on the evaluation of the performance of workers in the university's Al-Hadba college. As data was collected by adopting the survey method through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and the research community was composed of (152) individuals from the employees of the researched college as an applied field for the current research. The research has reached a basic result stating that there is a statistically significant relationship between the quality of work life and the evaluation of the performance of workers in this college. As the research has shown that the dimensions of the quality of work life are available in the researched college with an acceptable and medium degree, and that the degree of worker satisfaction for the performance appraisal system followed in the surveyed college was good.
In the light of the conclusions reached by the research, a set of recommendations was presented that are consistent with these conclusions, the most important of which is the need to pay attention to raising the quality of work life in the researched college. In addition to inviting researchers to submit more research related to the current topic of research in different fields.

The study aimed at introducing the concept of real estate marketing and its knowledge frameworks, discussing its historical development stages, diagnosing real estate marketing strategies adopted by the companies of sample. The study's problem was represented by a set of questions regarding the degree of awareness and understanding of real estate marketing in the investigated field. In addition to questions about the marketing strategies adopted by the companies of sample, the chosen field of study included a group of (10) real estate companies in Erbil and Dohuk. It was chosen a small random sample of a number of employees of the real estate companies researched. The descriptive (analytical) approach was adopted in the study by relying on a set of tools to collect data for real estate companies including semi-rated interviews with the managers of the real estate companies researched. A questionnaire form as a basic tool for collecting primary data. The total number of questionnaire forms distributed to the employees in these companies reached (103) forms. The study reached a set of conclusions that were represented by a lack of awareness among employees of the researched companies towards the concept of real estate marketing, and the absence of a clear diagnosis of real estate marketing strategies. While the study concluded with a set of proposals, the most important of which was to spread awareness among its employees about the concept of the study and to show greater interest in real estate marketing strategies and focus on all strategies, not part of them, depending the nature of the company and the market.

The current study aims to define the nature of the strategic intelligence relationship and its role in Achieving Organizational Ambidexterity in companies. Where strategic intelligence constitutes the main motivation for all the company\'s activities that enable it to achieve its goals within the framework of the environment in which it conducts its business and adapting to all changes related to those activities. Through the availability of the smart minds of its members that help it maintain its competitive position and its survival in the market by using various organizational methods to achieve strategic success, and in what secures organizational ambidexterity to it. The study\'s problem revolves around the important strategic intelligence role in managing the company\'s resources and exploring new opportunities for it.
The questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect data and information through a sample poll of (40) individuals. The responses were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS) in calculating (frequencies, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression). The results revealed the lack of availability of indicators for the current study variables in the researched company, and in light of these results a set of recommendations was presented

The importance of this study appears as an attempt targets the answering about the following question, is there any clear conception for the researched organization management of the green marketing dimensions in General Cement Company. And understanding the details concerning the green marketing dimensions and the extent of the environmental conscious for the researched organization management, and know the obstacles that limit the use of green marketing to researched organization management.

The researcher has formulated the research problem and studying its hypotheses on this basis and what is related to the choice of the research community, which was settled in the light of their exploratory study on the General Cement Company/ Nineveh, represented by workers in this company. Then the researcher prepared the theoretical framework concerning the green marketing concept and its dimensions. As for the field framework, the researchers began analyzing the data summarized from their study sample in the questionnaire form that was prepared in the light of the approved scientific contexts.

Investment in its various fields is considered a factor in achieving sustainable development. Investment can only work in an attractive environment, which is called the investment climate, which is represented by an integrated system of factors. Accordingly, the study seeks to evaluate the investment climate in the Arab countries. Including Iraq in particular, according to the Investment Attractiveness Index for 2017. Hence, the study problem focused on a major question (What is the reality of the investment climate in the Arab countries in general and Iraq in particular according to the Investment Attractiveness Index for 2017?). And the study assumed several hypotheses, the most important of which is that Arab countries, including Iraq, differ in the values of investment attractiveness indicators for the year 2017 according to their investment environments. The investment climate in Iraq possesses elements that make it a stimulating environment to attract investment and achieve sustainable development. The spatial scope of the study is Arab countries, including Iraq, with reference to the experience of the Kurdistan Region for the period (2015-2017). The study relied on the inductive and descriptive analytical approach in achieving its requirements, and the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the variation in the levels of investment attractiveness in Arab countries is a reflection of the difference in the components of the investment environment in them. Addressing the determinants that impede attracting investment to it, the Iraqi government's response to the phenomena of administrative and financial corruption and addressing the bureaucracy in the procedures, which are the most prominent obstacles to attracting foreign investments.

The development model based on the oil rents in financing the budget and the economy left behind several challenges and structural imbalances that hindered the country’s chances of achieving sustainable economic development. As it is still a unilateral economy despite the availability of various resources in it, but there was no significant development in its various sectors, and accordingly, The research seeks to monitor the features of the total economic imbalance left by excessive dependence on oil revenues during the past decades to reach acceptable economic growth. Therefore the importance of applying effective and efficient economic policies to diversify its other sectors in light of economic growth challenges in Iraq, to advance a new reality away from the booms and oil recessions. The research presented several proposals, including the necessity of working to develop state institutions and modernizing work methods through carrying out the transformation process from the unilateral to the diversified and multiple economy so that it has a greater role in economic activity and thus improving living standards and eliminating unemployment.

The research aims to shed light on the study and analysis of the Malaysian development experience. As it is one of the successful experiences that are characterized by its privacy and importance for the countries of the third world by attracting foreign direct investment as a source of international financing and to obtain modern technology and organizational, administrative and marketing skills. The results of the research showed the great transformation in the structure of the Malaysian economy to the largest source of industrial goods and technologies after it relied on the export of simple raw materials, through increasing the flow of foreign direct investment. The study recommends the development of the legal structure and legislative, as an effective tool in how to deal with foreign direct investment, as did Malaysia and thus had a significant role in economic development

The study aims to find the determinants of household water demand of Erbil city in 2019. Where, the city has included a quickly population growth during the past two decades, in addition to the normal migration from the countryside to urban and hosting a large number of external refugees and displaced people from the other parts of Iraq. This increase of population was accompanied by a noticeable urban expansion for the city. Which is affected the increase of water consumption quantities and increase the level of demand. The study depended on data through a questionnaire form for 593 families of some residential neighborhoods in the city. The study has revealed that the family share of household water was 14.93 m3/month, and 108 liters per capita day, corresponding to 3.26 m3/person/month, and the total household demand was 40.620, 257.5 m3/year. The data has been collected in August, which is the period of the peak demand. And the econometrics model for data analysis has formulated which using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method to estimate the regression equation in mathematical form in the model. The study illustrated that the most important factors affecting the household water demand in the city are the family size, bathing style using the bathtub and shower, inefficiency in water consumption, monthly household expenditure, using taps for drinking water, swimming pool, water cooler, family members average age and family average years of schooling. Finally, there have been suggested that the government should reorganize it’s policies about consumption fees and reform the water tariff system. It was also suggested to activate the role of awareness and aquaculture to ensure rationalization of water consumption and reduce the waste of water, and the role of media, educational institutions and civil society organizations must be activated to achieve that goal

Renewable energies are permanent natural sources of energy and are depleted and available in nature, they are constantly renewable and clean and do not result in environmental pollution. Renewable energy resources are reliable as they come from a variety of renewable sources
The renewable energy system is more durable and less vulnerable to interruptions in energy supplies compared to central systems, as well as protecting economies from the crises that occur due to fluctuations in traditional fuel prices. Reliance on local energy sources can protect economies from the economic chaos that arises from general fluctuations
Renewable energy is an essential and important means for achieving sustainable development at the present time, as the environment witnesses a significant deterioration due to traditional sources of energy, and resorting to such energies is necessary and effective to achieve development goals and develop the economy and improve energy services for citizens while providing an important platform for the success of sustainable development plans in various fields due to Interdependence and integration of development with renewable energies

The research aims to analyze and measure the impact of the government revenue shock in Iraq on the components of the monetary basis for the Central Bank of Iraq for the period 2004-2019, As well as an analysis of the relationship between public revenues and the monetary basis for the period under study. The hypothesis is changes in government revenues can have a clear impact on the monetary basis components.
The Iraqi economy depends on oil revenues to finance what may reach 90% of budget spending. These revenues are linked to international variables, such as global demand, political and security conditions, and competition between producing countries. The results of the joint integration model showed that there is a relationship between government revenues and the monetary basis, which confirms that there is an impact of government revenues on the monetary basis in Iraq. The government should work to increase its types of income because this will reduce the dependency of the monetary basis on public revenues and increase the ability of the central bank to control the money supply

The problem of poverty is one of the major problems facing economies of all types, and the issue of addressing them is one of the issues that attract the attention of most economists, because this problem has repercussions on all political, economic and social aspects, one of the treatments is financial policies through government spending or taxes. This research deals with the aspect of government spending and the mechanism for its treatment of poverty. Brazil's data was relied upon to study the extent to which government spending can be used to reduce poverty. Stability and Cointegration tests were used to examine data and then measure the long-term relationship. For a long time using the OLS method and measuring the short-term relationship using the Error correction model and then testing the causal relationship. The problem facing research is the high rates of poverty for many years, despite the diversity of the policies pursued in Brazil, but it managed only to reduce poverty in very small proportions. The research was based on the hypothesis that government spending leads to poverty reduction and that this effect varies according to the type of spending and the term, whether it is long or short, and in Brazil there will be a positive impact of consumer government spending in reducing poverty, given that Brazil is a developing country. The results of the research support the hypothesis that the effect of government spending is positive in reducing poverty in the long term. As for the short term, there is no relationship between the two. This applies to spending on education (which is one of the tools for government investment spending) as well, but at a higher level of influence in the long term and the absence of this effect in the short term. As for the causal relationship, it did not have any direction between poverty and government spending items

The research aims to analyzing the effect of some monetary variables on the balance of Iraqi payments for the period (2004-2018) as well as studying the role of those variables in rebalancing, and was chosen (the exchange rate, the interest rate Money supply) to show the contribution of these variables in correcting the imbalance in that, and the results of the research showed a long-term relationship between these variables and balance, as the results showed that the external factors represented in oil prices in the global market and global demand contributed directly to the occurrence of surplus or deficit In the balance because the Iraqi economy is rentier that relies mainly on oil export revenues, as the study showed that the exchange rate after the year (2004) witnessed a state of stability as a result of the role played by currency window, showed a positive bounce in stabilizing the value of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar, which contributed In the stability of imports, as the results of the research showed a continuous surplus in the trade balance after the year (2004) as a result of the lifting of the economic blockade on Iraq as well as an increase in crude oil exports and high prices in the global market, and finally the research resulted in a number of recommendations that address the imbalance in the relationship between that variables and the Iraqi balance of payments.

This study deals with the basics of financial inclusion, monetary stability, explaining the extent of the effectiveness of financial inclusion in achieving monetary stability in Iraq, by analyzing variables of the study; measuring and economic. The descriptive analytical approach has been used in analyzing Financial Inclusion data in some economic variables, The stability indicator represented by the general level of consumer prices has been adopted as a dependent variable, and the indicators of financial inclusion represented by the number of banks, bank deposits and bank credit as independent variables, according to Dickey Fuller expanded tests (FDA) and Philips Byron (PP) shows that the degree of integration of the study variables is a mixture of type I (0) and type I (1), Thus, the self-regression model for the distributed slowdowns period which was estimated for Iraq, and according to the boundary test for joint integration, it was noticed that there is a relationship of joint integration, which means a long-term balance relationship between independent and dependent variables, This is confirmed by the existence of a causal relationship in two directions between the time deposits, the general level of consumer prices, and the error correction vector model was estimated and the error correction factor was identical to the terms in the model Iraqi , The model succeeded in all standard quality tests, and the most important results of the study are that (13%) of the imbalance in the short term will be corrected during a period of time of three months that a return to full balance will be within about two years, This is for the Iraq model

Factor analysis is one of the most important statistical methods that aims to study the various phenomena and variables in order to determine the most important factors that affected a particular phenomenon under a study by analyzing correlation coefficients between the variables of the phenomenon studied. In addition to the fact that the factor analysis is characterized by its ability to summarize the many variables and identify the most important and their arrangement, in this research, the basic variables affecting smart tablet users were studied and the important variables were identified using factor analysis. The axis rotation method (Vairmax) was also used, which aims to obtain the best loading and ensure the ability of factors to explain, as the research was divided into three main axes (health, social, and economic). The analysis done by using SPSS Ver.24 program, the axis variables were shown to affect differently according to the factor analysis, where the importance of each of them was determined, and the factor analysis was very useful by depending on the characteristic roots. A questionnaire was designed to include 25 questions and distributed them on samples to be distributed to different age groups from the age of 10 years to the age of 50 years. Where the questionnaire was distributed to 120 samples in several places, including primary and secondary schools, teachers and employees at representative of the Education Ministry in Dohuk

In this research, several methods were used to determine the optimum sample size to estimate the parameters of high-dimensional data (HDD). Where the number of explanatory variables is greater than the sample size (P> n). These methods are the Bonferroni inequality method a special case of normal approximation and the Bernstein’s inequality method. The non-linear logistic regression model is estimated in the sample size of each method in the case of high-dimensional data using the artificial intelligence method, which is the artificial neural network method (ANN), as it gives a high-precision estimate commensurate with the data type and type of medical study. The probabilistic values obtained from the artificial neural network are used in the calculation of the net reclassification index. A program was written for this purpose using the statistical programming language (R) where the mean maximum absolute error criterion (MME) of the net reclassification network index (NRI) was used to compare the methods of specifying the sample size and the presence of a number of different default parameters under the given margin of error value (ε). To verify the performance of the methods using the comparison criteria above where the most important conclusions were that the Bernstein’s inequality method is the better in determining the optimal sample size according to the number of default parameters and the error margin value

The study aimed to illustrate the concepts of development and gender equality, by linking human dimension with gender empowerment and the three aspects of human dimension are longevity, knowledge, and income as main development indicators used by United Nations. The study attempts to examine the variation in gender empowerment through econometric models in some Arab gulf states and to see if this could be explained by socio-economic factors. The study attempts to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic factors and gender empowerment. The researcher tried to know and to identify the various benefits of gender equality to Arab Gulf States that may create various economic effects. The researcher used the analytical econometric methods, through the presentation of the previous studies and using some indicators from international institutions. The study results showed that an increase in women’s socioeconomic status is related to a decrease in gender inequality, also, multiple regression analysis revealed that the variation in gender empowerment in the Arab Gulf Countries is better explained by four variables namely, female education, share of female seats in the parliament, adolescent fertility and female labor force participation. Female education does have a significant relationship with gender inequality, suggesting that the decline of gender inequalities has been most significant in countries characterized by higher levels of female education. Our findings suggest that a higher level of female education in a country's lower level is gender inequality