Journal of Misan Researches

The current study aims to know “the level of fulfillment of the standards of children’s literature in prose texts in the Arabic reading book in the sixth grade of primary school.” The researcher used the descriptive analytical method to suit it in achieving the two objectives of the research, and she prepared the analysis card in its initial form, including (62) sub-criteria in five standards. Main, and after ensuring its validity and reliability, it reached its final form, which includes five main standards that include 45 standards distributed among them. After completing the analysis process and showing its results, it was found that the linguistic field in the content of the Arabic reading book for the sixth grade of primary school obtained a large degree according to the analysis of the prose texts in it and with a weighted mean ( 2.37) and with a percentage weight (0.79) that included 14 standards, 8 of which received a large score, while 6 standards received a moderate degree of verification when comparing these standards with the spoken percentages for this field. The educational field included 8 standards and received a large score according to the analysis of the content of prose texts. For the reading book for the sixth grade of primary school, according to the weighted average of the general average for those standards, which was (2.08) and with a percentage weight of (0.79), 4 standards received a large score, and the rest of the standards received an average score, and in the technical field, it included 12 standards, which received an average score with a weighted average of (2.17). With a percentage weight of (0.70), 5 of the standards received a large score, 6 of which received an average score, and only one standard received a small score. As for the value domain, it received a large score according to the general weighted average of the 11 standards it includes (2.40) and with a percentage weight. (0.70), 8 of these standards received a high degree of achievement, two standards received a moderate score, and the last criterion received a low score, In light of these results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals

Classical Arabic criticism examined poetic texts from various perspectives. It analyzed poetic imagery, determined its origins, and assessed its strengths and weaknesses. Critics also extensively discussed a prominent issue: the relationship between form and meaning. Furthermore, they addressed the issue of poetic plagiarism, dividing it into numerous categories, including appropriation, imitation, reproduction, borrowing, and other terms grouped under the concept of plagiarism. Additionally, they explored metrical and stylistic aspects of poetry.
One of the most prominent early critics was Ibn Rashiq al-Qayrawani, who authored the book Al-‘Umda fi Sina‘at al-Shi‘r wa Naqdihi (The Pillar in the Craft of Poetry and its Criticism). This book received significant attention from critics and scholars, who analyzed it thoroughly. He also wrote Qirada al-Dhahab fi Naqd Ash‘ar al-‘Arab (The Gold Dust in the Critique of Arabic Poetry). Despite its critical importance, this book has been overlooked by researchers, even though Ibn Rashiq presented critical judgments in it that significantly influenced classical criticism. This was the starting point for our study of the critical issues addressed by Ibn Rashiq in Qirada al-Dhahab

The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on gentle teaching in improving the academic achievement in Social Studies among middle school students.
To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students, who study Social Studies according to the proposed strategy based on gentle teaching, and the mean scores of the control group students, who study the same subject using the traditional method, in the achievement test.
To test this hypothesis, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted for an entire academic semester. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) using a pre-test and post-test. The research population consisted of male students from public morning intermediate and secondary schools under the General Directorate of Education in Babylon Governorate.
The researcher randomly selected Shaheed Al-Mazidiya Intermediate School as the research sample. The total number of students was 65, with 33 students in Section (A) forming the experimental group and 32 students in Section (B) forming the control group. The researcher ensured statistical equivalence between the two groups in the following variables: (students’ chronological age in months, parents’ academic achievement, prior knowledge test, and Daniels’ intelligence test). Other extraneous variables were also controlled to ensure the integrity of the research.
The scientific material was limited to chapters three, four, five, and six from the 2023 edition of the Social Studies textbook prescribed for the second intermediate grade for the academic year (2024–2025). The researcher formulated (120) behavioral objectives and prepared (30) daily lesson plans for both groups after presenting a model to a group of experts and making the necessary adjustments based on their feedback

In this research, which revolves around the concepts of contemplation and contemplation in the Holy Qur’an, we began with the theoretical framework through linguistic and terminological definitions of the relevant vocabulary, then we went on to list the verses with which we prove what is meant about the importance of contemplation and contemplation in the verses of the Holy Qur’an, And explain their effects in consolidating the faith. and we followed the research with a conclusion, sources, and footnotes

The importance of this research stems from its treatment of Ibn al-Hajib's influence on modern grammatical studies. This great grammarian's method of composition and his particular selections reflect his broad knowledge and expertise in this field. His diverse academic background helped him advance his grammatical standing, combining readings, jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, logic, and Arabic language sciences, and writing on all of these topics. A scholar who combined these disciplines is worthy of being influenced by anyone who reads his books. Al-Samawi is one of the modern scholars who followed in his footsteps and began writing on various subjects, similar to Ibn al-Hajib. The researcher sought to shed light on Ibn al-Hajib's influence on al-Samawi's grammatical thinking in his book "Multaqat al-Saha fi Mustanbat al-Nahw" (The Discoveries of the Sahw in the Derivations of Grammar), and to examine this influence on grammatical classification, the principles of the grammatical craft, and grammatical choices

There were many methods of the prophets in calling people to God Almighty, according to the time and place, the interest, and the circumstances that surrounded them, including the method of dialogue, reminders, encouragement, intimidation, and the peaceful method, which is the ideal method that carries exhortation, wisdom, and constructive dialogue, and through the Holy Qur’an, God Almighty says (Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and exhortation Good and argue with them in my own way It is better). The research dealt with the methods of the prophets, the method of encouragement, intimidation, dialogue, and reminders, and the ideal method, which is the peaceful method that is based on wisdom, admonition, and constructive debate, and the characteristics of the methods represented by taking into account time and place, being patient, the arts of advocacy, and a conclusion of the most important results and recommendations

The attribution constitutes an ideal environment for semantic diversity and departure from the established scheme of attributes attributed to the sacred entity, or occurring as its predicate, in compliance and submission to the doctrinal constants that include absolute faith in divine monotheism. This is the new path that attributes take to express the state of attribution in these monotheistic circumstances according to the scholars of Usul al-Fiqh. It is necessary that the attribute before the predication and attribution has a meaning that may be different from what it is in its position when attributing. It adheres to what the attributive suspension leads to in the circumstances of the nominal sentence with a fixed, continuous, non-renewable meaning, in addition to falling into the path of reporting about the divine entity whose description means nothing but permanence and permanence. The research attempted to reach some important data in a linguistic approach between the linguistic idea with tolerance in derivation and attribution, and the strict Usul al-Fiqh idea that derives its affirmative and argumentative roots from philosophy and logic, which increased the rigor and depth of the Usul al-Fiqh study and the employment of expanded rational analyses even in linguistic matters that do not rely on this type of Persuasion, but she is easy to deal with and persuade in proving her .cases

The attribution constitutes an ideal environment for semantic diversity and departure from the established scheme of attributes attributed to the sacred entity, or occurring as its predicate, in compliance and submission to the doctrinal constants that include absolute faith in divine monotheism. This is the new path that attributes take to express the state of attribution in these monotheistic circumstances according to the scholars of Usul al-Fiqh. It is necessary that the attribute before the predication and attribution has a meaning that may be different from what it is in its position when attributing. It adheres to what the attributive suspension leads to in the circumstances of the nominal sentence with a fixed, continuous, non-renewable meaning, in addition to falling into the path of reporting about the divine entity whose description means nothing but permanence and permanence. The research attempted to reach some important data in a linguistic approach between the linguistic idea with tolerance in derivation and attribution, and the strict Usul al-Fiqh idea that derives its affirmative and argumentative roots from philosophy and logic, which increased the rigor and depth of the Usul al-Fiqh study and the employment of expanded rational analyses even in linguistic matters that do not rely on this type of Persuasion, but she is easy to deal with and persuade in proving her .cases

Simile represents one of the most prominent artistic tools in Arabic poetry, remaining the primary and most famous method poets used to craft their imaginative imagery and present it in an artistic form that deeply influences the audience. Books dedicated to poetic similes were authored, such as The Book of Similes by Ibn Abi al-Hadid and The Art of Simile by Ali al-Jundi, alongside rhetorical and critical works that devoted sections to studying similes, their classifications, and types.
Given the role of similes in shaping poetic imagery, critics began analyzing poets' simile-based imagery, evaluating it based on the quality and beauty of the depiction. Critical and literary books of the pre-Islamic, Islamic, and Umayyad periods were rich with comparisons between poets, using simile as a critical criterion. In the Abbasid era, numerous critical works were produced in this regard, but this study focuses on the period up to the end of the Umayyad era

This research investigates multilingualism and the linguistic techniques employed by cultured characters in modern Iraqi short stories to analyze the linguistic and structural influences on these characters, the primary material for this study consists of modern Iraqi short stories written and published by generation of writers in magazines and periodicals such as al-bayan,al-naqid, al-marifa, and al-aqlam between 1970-2000,this period is considered a justification for the transition of Iraqi short stories for experimentation to modernization

The Study dealt with the religious minorities represented by religions (Mandaean, Christian and Jewish) that have existed for hundreds of years in Maysan Governorate. Which had a great impact in diversifying the ancient spectrum of society. The study examined the reality of those minorities, both existing and vanished. It dealt with the method of their distribution and the reasons for distribution over the years that have passed since it’s existence,along with the difficulties and persecution it faced. The study showed a significant in their numbers during the study period

The current research aims to identify: "The effectiveness of a proposed teaching strategy based on interference theory in acquiring social studies concepts among primary school students." The study was conducted in Iraq – Babil Governorate during the 2024-2025 academic year. The researcher adopted the experimental method and used a quasi-experimental design. The research population consisted of primary schools in Al-Hamza Al-Gharbi , Babil Governorate. The researcher selected fifth-grade students as the study sample, with a total of 87 students, distributed into an experimental group (42 students) and a control group (45 students). The researcher ensured equivalence between the two groups in certain variables that might influence the experiment's outcomes, and statistical analysis confirmed that the two groups were statistically equivalent. The researcher employed appropriate statistical methods, including: Independent samples t-test Chi-square test Pearson correlation coefficient Difficulty index Discrimination index Effectiveness of incorrect alternatives The face validity of the concept acquisition test was verified by presenting it to a panel of experts and specialists in psychology, education, and teaching methods. The results showed that students in the experimental group, who studied social studies using the proposed strategy, outperformed those in the control group in the post-test of concept acquisition. Based on the findings, the researcher presented a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further research related to the current study

The research aims to identify the educational values contained in the book "History of Arab-Islamic Civilization" for the fourth literary grade. The book, which comprises (180) pages, constituted the research community. To achieve the research objective, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and chose the content analysis method, as it was appropriate for achieving the research objective. The researcher adopted a previously prepared value tool with minor modifications to include (51) educational values. To achieve reliability, the researcher used two types of agreement: the first was agreement between the researcher and himself over two different time periods, and the second was agreement with a different analyst. The reliability coefficient was very high and met the purpose of the current research. To process the data statistically, the following methods were used:
1. Frequencies, averages, and percentages to identify the relative weights of educational criteria.
2. Cooper's equation to measure the reliability coefficient of analysis.
The results, after analysis, showed that the highest percentage of values was 33.24%, which is close to 33%. In light of this, the researcher decided to divide the educational values into three groups: the group of high values (from 23% to 33%), the group of middle values (from 12 to 22%), and the group of low values (from 0 to 11%).
Only the values of "knowledge and work" were in the high group, while only one value in the middle group was (the value of wisdom and reform). All the remaining values were in the low group, and their number was 48.
The book lacked 24 values, as their frequency was zero.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including: - Rewriting the curriculum for the book "History of Arab-Islamic Civilization" for the fourth grade, literary, in a way that is compatible with the challenges we face, which were explained in the problem. - Forming a monitoring body to monitor all challenges to the country's values, which are monitored and addressed through updating the curriculum over periods ranging from (6-8) years, in a manner that suits those challenges. The challenges of our Islamic heritage require that all our curricula, in all their specializations, be built on an integrated value system appropriate to our Iraqi environment and its specificities. In light of the findings, the researcher also proposed some proposals, including: conducting a study that includes political values in the book "Modern and Contemporary History of Europe and America" for the fifth grade of literature, as well as conducting a comparative study between a history book for a specific period in Iraq and the same book and period in other countries. Keywords: Values, Education, History of Arab-Islamic Civilization

Praise be to Allah, who revealed His noble Islamic Sharia as guidance for humanity and mercy for all beings. May blessings and peace be upon the Prophet who liberated mankind from oppression and tyranny, and upon his family, companions, and successors who strove tirelessly to spread this upright religion. Islam established the principle of equality among people, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) affirmed this by stating: "All people are equal, like the teeth of a comb; no Arab is superior to a non-Arab except through piety." These noble values emphasize Islam's message of honoring humanity, fostering justice, equality, and encouraging mutual understanding among nations and communities.
The nature of the research entitled (The Social Impact of Emancipation) required that it be divided into two main headings, then concluded with a conclusion that included the most important findings of the study. The first heading focused on loyalty, while the second heading included marriage, and the research concluded with the most important findings that it reached. The research relied on a group of primary sources, whether these sources were language books, interpretation, jurisprudence, or historical sources

This research aims to identify:
)Design thinking among second-grade middle school students and its relationship to their achievement in mathematics(
"The researcher followed the descriptive correlational approach as a method for his research. To achieve the research objective, the researcher prepared the research tool", )which is (the design thinking test), by reviewing the theoretical literature and previous studies related to the research topic, consisting of (50) sub-indicators on five axes (empathy skill - identification skill - idea generation skill - modeling skill - testing skill). It was presented to a group of referees to state their opinions and observations about the tool, and its validity and reliability were extracted. This test was directed to a sample of second-year middle school students, numbering (200) male and female students, and appropriate statistical methods were used.
The second tool is the achievement test prepared by the researcher and consisting of (30) multiple-choice test items and presented to a group of experts, and its validity and reliability were extracted and this test was applied to the research sample.(
After applying the two tools, the following results were reached:
1)There is a weak correlation between the design thinking test and the achievement test in mathematics for second-year middle school students. Despite the weakness of the correlation, the difference between the calculated and tabular correlation coefficient value is not large, indicating that there is an acceptable level of design thinking among students, and this level positively affects students' achievement in mathematics in general.(
2)The null hypothesis, which states that there is no correlation between the average scores of the design thinking test and the average scores of the achievement test in mathematics, was rejected(
3. The alternative hypothesis,)which indicates that there is a correlation between the design thinking test and the achievement test in mathematics, was accepted.
Through the research results, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, including:
1-Design thinking has an average effect on the achievement of second-year middle school students in mathematics.
2-The level of design thinking skills is not greatly affected by the type of variable (males and females) .

يمثل الاجتناب والتحريم في القرآن الكريم أساسًا جوهريًا في بناء القيم الأخلاقية والتشريعية التي تُعنى بتوجيه السلوك الإنساني. فقد أنزل الله سبحانه وتعالى القرآن الكريم كدليل شامل يحدد للأفراد ما هو مقبول وما هو مرفوض، وذلك بهدف تحقيق التوازن في حياة الإنسان. يتمثل التحريم في منع بعض الأفعال التي تُعدّ ضارة بالإنسان والمجتمع، ويأتي بصيغة صريحة تحدد الأفعال التي يجب على المسلم الابتعاد عنها. تشمل هذه الأفعال مجموعة واسعة من المحرمات مثل الزنا، شرب الخمر، والربا، وكلها تتنافى مع القيم الإسلامية التي تسعى إلى تعزيز الأخلاق والعدالة.
يتجاوز التحريم كونه مجرد أوامر دينية إلى كونه نظامًا متكاملًا لحماية النفس البشرية من التدهور الروحي والأخلاقي. فالتحريم ينظر إليه كوسيلة وقائية تُجنّب الفرد مخاطر السلوكيات الفاسدة، وتساعد على خلق مجتمع قائم على الفضيلة والاحترام. في هذا السياق، نجد أن الأوامر الإلهية ليست تقييدًا للحرية الفردية، بل هي إطار لضمان سلامة المجتمع وتحقيق مصلحة الجميع. إن تلبية هذه الأوامر يُعتبر طريقًا لتحقيق الفلاح في الدنيا والآخرة، كما أنها تعكس رحمة الله وحنانه تجاه عباده.
أما الاجتناب، فيعدّ جزءًا لا يتجزأ من مفهوم التحريم. فهو ليس مجرد دعوة للابتعاد عن الأفعال المحرمة، بل يشمل أيضًا توجيه المسلم إلى تجنب المقدمات التي قد تؤدي إلى تلك الأفعال. فالاجتناب هو أسلوب وقائي يُحث عليه الفرد، من خلال الابتعاد عن كل ما يُثير الشهوات أو يمهد الطريق للمعاصي. إن هذا المنهج يساعد الأفراد في تقوية إرادتهم وصقل أخلاقهم، مما يجعلهم أكثر قدرة على مواجهة التحديات التي قد تعترضهم في حياتهم اليومية.
الاجتناب والتحريم في القرآن الكريم يعكسان حكمة إلهية عميقة تتجلى في الحفاظ على النظام الاجتماعي والأخلاقي. فالتوجيهات القرآنية ليست مجرد تعاليم يُلتزم بها، بل هي وسيلة لتعزيز الانتماء الروحي والأخلاقي للمسلمين. إن الالتزام بهذه المبادئ يؤدي إلى نشوء مجتمع قائم على الاحترام المتبادل والتعاون، حيث يكون لكل فرد دور في الحفاظ على الأخلاق والعدالة.
علاوة على ذلك، نجد أن الاجتناب والتحريم يمثلان وجهين لعملة واحدة، حيث يكمل أحدهما الآخر في تحقيق السلوك القويم. فبينما يسعى التحريم إلى منع الأفعال الضارة، يدعو الاجتناب إلى تعزيز التوجه الإيجابي نحو السلوكيات الفضيلة. لذلك، فإن فهم هذا الثنائي وإدراكه يُعدّ خطوة هامة في تعزيز الوعي الديني والروحي لدى المسلمين.
من خلال هذه المفاهيم، يبرز دور الاجتناب والتحريم كوسيلة لتوجيه الإنسان نحو تحقيق أهدافه الروحية والاجتماعية. إن هذه المبادئ تساهم في صوغ شخصية الفرد المسلم، وتؤهله ليكون عنصرًا فاعلاً ومؤثرًا في مجتمعه. لذا، سيتناول هذا البحث في العمق كيف تُسهم هذه المفاهيم في بناء مجتمع متوازن يسعى إلى تحقيق القيم الإنسانية والإسلامية، ويعمل على تفعيل الدور الإيجابي للفرد في الحياة اليومية.

This study focuses on analyzing the positions of the Mu'tazilites regarding the historical conflict between the House of Ali and the House of Umayyad at the beginning of the Islamic era. Mu'tazila, As followers of the rationalist school, they adopted an approach based on reason and objective criticism in interpreting political events. Regarding the Alawite-Umayyad conflict, the Mu'tazila believed that this conflict resulted from a deviation from the principles of justice and equality in the caliphate. In their position on Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, they considered that his caliphate was legitimate on the basis of justice and truth, but they expressed reservations about some situations in the political conflict, such as the Battle of Siffin. They considered violence among Muslims unjustified. As for Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, the Mu’tazilites strongly criticized his rule, considering that his policies lacked justice and consultation, especially after he took over the caliphate by force. They also refused to inherit power in his family and completely avoided supporting any party in the conflict. In general, the Mu'tazila position on this conflict reflected an attempt to understand the events from a rational and realistic perspective, far from fanaticism, trying to provide balanced solutions at a time when political differences were greatly affecting the Islamic nation. It will address the positions and contributions of Mu'tazili thought in analyzing the historical conflict between the House of Ali and the House of Umayyad, especially in the first centuries after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and his family and grant them peace. Among the most prominent points that the article may address: Rational analysis: The Mu’tazilites believed in rationality as a method for understanding and interpreting historical and religious events. Therefore, they were viewing this conflict through mental lenses that focused on justice and equality among Muslims. Political orientation: The Mu’tazila were adopting neutral or non-fanatic positions, as they did not agree with the Umayyads’ injustice towards the Ahl al-Bayt, but they were also opposed to actions that they considered to be in violation of Islamic law, whether by the Umayyads or the Alawites. Their position on Ali bin Abi Talib: They saw Ali as a symbol of justice and truth, and considered his caliphate legitimate, but they differed in interpreting some positions of political events, such as his conflict with Muawiyah and their rejection of mutual violence between the two parties. Criticism of Muawiyah’s rule: The Mu’tazilites were directing severe criticism at the rule of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. And his policies, which they saw as unjust, such as disrupting the Shura Council and inheriting power. The role of events such as the Battle of Siffin: The Mu’tazila’s position on the Battle of Siffin was important in the context of their criticism of the extremism of both parties. They also had analyzes of the idea of arbitration proposed by Muawiyah

Simile is one of the oldest rhetorical arts employed by poets to create vivid imagery, embody their imagination, and clarify their meanings. Its deep-rooted connection with human nature since creation made poets compete in mastering similes, turning it into a field of rivalry and artistic display. Imru' al-Qais excelled profoundly in this craft, surpassing other poets with unique similes unmatched by anyone else, making him the best pre-Islamic poet in this regard. On the other hand, Dhu al-Rummah demonstrated exceptional skill and creativity in similes, earning him the title of the best poet of the Islamic era in this domain. From this perspective arises the challenge of determining which of the two poets excelled more in their use of similes

_ The interest of the Aghlabid state extended to the various aspects of civilization: social, economic, religious and intellectual. From this we notice the social diversity in all the cities within it. There was no mention of a clear distinction between classes, but it seems that this state made room for all components of Aghlabid society and gave them the freedom to practice their lives and rituals, in addition to access to important positions within the state .
_ The Aghlabid state also allowed adherents of other religions to practice their religious rituals and rites, without interfering or harming them. As for other Islamic sects, they only obtained the freedom to spread their ideas and practice their religious rituals without being exposed to them or being spared from that. Rather, the Aghlabid state encouraged adherents of different Islamic sects to sit and hold scientific debates in order to spread new cultures in that region .
_ Judges and jurists also contributed to achieving a policy of moderation within the emirate through their prominent role in directing some Aghlabid rulers towards the importance of caring for community affairs. This role included promoting awareness of the importance of helping the needy and providing alms to the people of the villages and poor areas. Jurists and judges also sought to demand the restoration of the rights of individuals that had been forcibly taken away, and to hold accountable those who committed crimes of unjust murder, whether they were governors, rulers or ordinary people .
_ In addition to the extent of the Aghlabid state’s interest in economic life in its various aspects, it worked to develop agriculture, industry and trade without discrimination between cities or social classes. It is noted that their economic policy was characterized by moderation, especially in monitoring and regulating markets by appointing specialists to prevent illegal activities and control market movement in a way that ensures its stability and prosperity. It is also clear that the Aghlabid state was a pioneer in supporting economic work for all segments of society, without imposing class restrictions, which contributed to creating a more comprehensive and just economic environment .
_ The study included many aspects, including the social aspect, which dealt with the elements of the majority society, and the policy of moderation through the role of jurists and judges in the social aspect. The religious aspect, which dealt with the issue of dealing with believers in heavenly religions, in addition to Islamic sects and their scientific debates, and the economic aspect, which dealt with all its agricultural, industrial and commercial aspects .

Kufa is one of the important historical and religious cities that has remained present throughout time and for many centuries, and to this day, it is an ancient city, mentioned in Islam by the Prophet (PBUH) and the infallible Imams (may God’s prayers be upon them). It reached this importance for many reasons, including its geographical location. Among them are cultural ones, including choosing Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to be the capital of his state, and that it will be the capital of the caliphate of the Awaited Imam (may God bless him and grant him peace). All of this is with God’s care and care.
Therefore, the topic of Kufa, its history, and its men motivated the researcher to study Kufa, its forms of life, the political developments during the era of the caliphs, and the important events of that period

This study, through description and analysis, addresses a critical henomenon worthy of study and attention: poetic music. This phenomenon overflows with aesthetic manifestations for the reader, allowing them to move from criticism to the critic, and to perceive intersections, overlaps, and interaction with the poem. It demonstrates the poet\'s skill in crafting his poetic texts and the extent of harmony and intermingling within the structure of the poetic work. It is considered one of the artistic techniques and expressive means in poetry. This study examines poetic music in the poetry of Ali Mahmoud Taha Al-Muhandis, and identifies the types of poetic music through verbal embellishments (alliteration, antithesis, parallelism, alliteration, good division, repetition, and the return of the first stanza to the first stanza), which he employs in various ways in poetic texts. This study consists of an introduction and a Tamadi introduction, then examines the verbal embellishments with poetic evidence. In its investigation of this phenomenon, the study adheres to a descriptive and analytical approach, which describes and analyzes the phenomenon to demonstrate the type and form of poetic music in the poem

This research paper investigates the multifaceted concept of identity as it is represented through translation in Antoon’s self-translated novel, The Corpse Washer (2011) for which Antoon was awarded a prestigious prize for being invisible and fluent as a self-translator. By foreignizing the cultural items in the novel, Antoon has made himself visible by employing the Arabic language as reservoir of memory in which he is tied emotionally and culturally to his country of origin, Iraq. Set against the backdrop of post-war Iraq, the novel explores themes of cultural identity, displacement, and selfhood as experienced by its characters. This study aims to analyze how the process of translation affects the portrayal of these identity elements, examining the cultural factors preserved or altered in the translated text. Through a mixed approach that combines qualitative textual analysis, comparative studies, and insights from translation theory, the research highlights the complexities of translating cultural elements and their implications for understanding identity in a wider context. By engaging with the larger socio-political landscape of Iraq, this paper seeks to contribute to the fields of translation studies and cultural analysis, underscoring the significance of translation as a means of cultural exchange that shapes narratives of identity and belonging

The crystallization of this research stems from the diversity of the context of interaction between human understanding and the religious text of the truth of revelation. In this research, we try to stand at the thought of two people interested in the concept of revelation, namely Haidar Hab Allah and Soroush, as each of them has his own style in presenting the issue that encompasses all branches of human understanding; or divine inspiration, and this represents the debate about the divine Quranic revelation of Haidar Hab Allah with the indication and meaning from Him, the Almighty, and the Prophet has no role in producing either of them; and the Soroush opinion is that the words of the Holy Quran were formulated by the Prophet (PBUH), and this negates the divine miracle and makes the Quran historical according to what came in his era (PBUH) and negates the divine aspect that proves the humanity of revelation; and gives the human character to the legislative rulings; and this results in the existence of an error in religion because it stems from human effort, and that Soroush has roots in studies and proves his beliefs for the opinions of Sufis such as Jalal al-Din Mawlawi and Ibn Arabi and others whose opinion stuck in his mind that says about revelation and inspiration like the inspirations of poets

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The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of a strategy based on integrated language activities in developing listening skills among middle school students."
The research included fifth-grade middle school students, where Section (B) represented the experimental group, and Section (A) represented the control group. The research sample amounted to (60) students. The researcher prepared a list of listening skills, and the listening skills amounted to: (“memory skills, deductive comprehension skills, taste skills, evaluation skills”).
Under them are (14) sub-skills of listening. The results showed the presence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the sub-dimensions of the listening skills test and in the total score of the test in the post-application in favor of the experimental group. All the “t” values were statistically significant at a significance level of (0.001) and .(59) a degree of freedom of
The proposed strategy based on integrated language activities has an acceptable effectiveness on fifth-grade students in developing their listening skills, as the effectiveness level ranged from (0.82) to (1.43) for listening skills, and the effectiveness of the test as a whole reached (1.05), which is a level higher than the required limit, which indicates the effectiveness of the strategy in acquiring listening skills among fifth-grade students.
In light of the results, the researcher recommended the following: paying attention to developing listening skills and linguistic activities among students, especially middle school students, and employing listening skills in all academic subjects. To complete the research, the researcher proposes the following:
- Conducting comparative studies at other educational levels. 1
2- Conducting a study on the effectiveness of language activities in developing thinking skills at different educational levels.