DIRASAT TARBAWIYA

The current research aims to:
1- identiflying the level of cyberbulling among middle school students.
2- indicative of differences in the level of cyberbulling among middle school students according to:
A-the gender variant
B-stage variable
3- identiflying the psychological unit among middle school students.
4- the significance of differences in the level of electronic bullying among middle school students according to:
A-The gender variant
B-Stage variable
5- knowing the nature of the relationship between the level of psychological unit and cyberbulling among middle bullying students.
The study was conducted on middle school students in the city of tikrit ,where the research sample amounted to(300) middle school students.the researcher bulit the psychological unit scale,which consists in its final form of(60) pargraph ,and based on the electronic bullying scale prepared by(AL-jobori,2020) which consists in its final form of(46) pargraphf where the two scales were presented to group of arbitrators to extract the apparent honesty for them,as well as extract the results showed:
1- Middle school students have a moderate level of cyber bulling.
2- There is no statistically significant differenc in the level of cyber bulling according in the gender variable.
3- There is no inheritance of statistical significance differences in differences in the level of electronic bullying according to the stage variable (second-third)average.
4- There is no statistically significant teams at the level of psychological unit among middle school students.
5- There is no statistically significant teams in the level of psychological unit according to the gender variable.
6- There is no statistically significant teams in the level of psychological unit according to the stage variable (second-third) average.
7- There is no positive direct correlation between the two variable of cyberbulling and psychological unit.

The prize is a bonus determined in advance a person to work would like to achieve, not a reward for any kind service, it has proved its legitimacy Qur'an and novels have been shown jurists Imami that the royalty contract is permissible; because Allabosah mentioned in the novels show a passport at all as the passport to make the thing benefit about the work also shows the health of guarantee money prize and must be set Awad, as stated at the inference the Qur'an, as quoted on the passport to be working and how long they located them unidentified and permissible to take fare goes when you do not set Awad direct action and condition, as among the jurists difference between the royalty and the fare that the first reward for the work and the health guarantee and passport to be working and the time unidentified, but taxis are a commission for the work he has done and has the right to take a taxi from the parties nor be the guarantor does not trespass and negligence as it must set the time, work and money.
In civil law it is called the promise of making the intervention under the royalty contract in Islamic jurisprudence which is the most important application of the will of the individual.
For many Massadik royalty, including awards for those who had to complete the scientific, or literary, etc., or rewards for those who decide the specific achievements more than what is required at work.

Studying the variable of self-regulation among male and female teachers is a psychological fortress protecting them from many behavioral deviations and psychological disorders and avoids them falling under the influence of negative situations and situations, especially in the field of education and academic achievement, because it leads to processes that activate cognitive and behavioral perceptions, and influences directed regularly towards obtaining on target. The current research aims:
1- Measuring the self-regulation of male and female counselors.
2- Knowing the significance of differences in self-regulation according to the gender variable (males-females). The current research is limited to educational counselors in Kirkuk Governorate.
After collecting the data and processing it statistically using statistical methods, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

What is the influence of strategic planning on improvement? was the topic addressed by the research in this study, which focused on determining the impact of strategic planning on enhancing work performance from the perspective of the administrative personnel at the Directorate of Education in Babylon. How well-functioning are the departments of the Babylon Directorate of Education from the perspective of the administrative staff? For the purpose of learning the opinions of a selected sample, a questionnaire was created

Throughout the era (1933-1945), the Nazi authorities founded out a wide network of concentration camps inside and outside Germany. Those camps were under the command of the Special Security Forces. At the beginning, its aim was to silence the voices opposing to the regime. And then the concentration camps turned after the opposition settled into detention centers for socially undesirable elements according to the Nazi doctrine, such as Jews, gypsies, and homosexuals. However, the functions of the concentration camps had witnessed a major transformation after the outbreak of World War II in terms of the number of detainees and the crimes committed therein. Subsequently the German occupation or invasion of Poland in 1939, and then the occupation of Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France, an urgent need arose to establish concentration camps outside Germany due to the increase in the number of detainees and prisoners of war. Therefore, the Nazi authorities established their largest camps in the Polish city of Auschwitz on the twenty-seventh of April 1940, to begin from that date until 1945 the most heinous human genocide that the contemporary world witnessed. The role of the Auschwitz concentration camp was not limited to sheltering prisoners of war, but rather, after 1942, it turned into a major tool for the extermination of hundreds of thousands of Jews, gypsies and prisoners of war in various shameful ways

The current research aims at identifying the effect of the effective teaching on the acquisition of the female first grade primary school pupils in Arabic subject. To accomplish the objective of the research the researcher put forwards the following zero hypothesis:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the pupils of the experimental group, who were taught using the effective teaching and the scores of the pupils of the control group who were taught using the traditional method in the posttest of the acquisition in the subject of Arabic.
The researcher used the experimental design of two equivalent groups. The sample of the study consisted of (70) female pupils, who were divided into two groups; the first group represented the experimental group which included (36) female pupils who were taught using the effective teaching strategies, while the second group (the control group) included (34) female pupils, who were taught using the traditional method in Mosul city for the first and the second semesters of the academic year (2022-2023).
The researcher conducted the equivalence of the two groups in terms of certain variables: (the time age of the two groups pupils calculated in months, the scores of the first semester (the previous acquisition), the intelligence average, the pretest and the educational level of the parents). The experiment was conducted at AlThaqafah Primary school for girls and the researcher supervised the experiment by herself. The researcher formulated (32) behavioral targets and prepared ideal teaching plans for the subjects to be taught during the period of the experiment. Also, the researcher prepared an objective acquisition test, which consisted of (20) items of the type of multiple choice and she made sure of its validity and invariability in addition to the discrimination strength of its items, the difficulty coefficient and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives. To deal with the data statistically, the researcher used the T test for two independent samples. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the pupils in both of the research groups and in favor of the experimental group, which was taught using the effective teaching method.
In an endeavor for the fulfillment of the current research aspects, the researcher suggests to conduct the following researches:
1- The effect of the effective teaching on the acquisition of the female second grade primary school pupils in Arabic subject and developing their visual thinking.
2- The effect of the effective teaching on developing the innovative thinking of the fourth-grade secondary stage female students (the literary branch) in the subject of Arabic literature.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of competitive anxiety among ordinary students in the intermediate stage, and to identify the level of competitive anxiety among outstanding students.
Differences in competitive anxiety among ordinary students in the intermediate stage according to the gender variable (male and female), and differences in competitive anxiety among outstanding students in the intermediate stage according to the gender variable (male and female), and differences in competitive anxiety among outstanding and ordinary students in the intermediate stage.
The researcher applied to a sample of (200) male and female middle school students for the outstanding and ordinary students in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Akrekh II for the academic year (2022-2023), where the apparent honesty and reliability were extracted by two methods, the Vakronbach and the re-test.
Where the results of the current research showed that students in regular schools do not enjoy the spirit of competition, that is, they do not have competitive anxiety among themselves, while students in outstanding schools enjoy the spirit of competition, i.e. (they have competitive anxiety among themselves), and there are statistically significant differences in competitive anxiety according to the gender variable. For ordinary students and in favor of females, where the researcher recommends encouragement and diversification of stimuli for students in order to encourage the spirit of competition among students while providing psychological and educational support in order to create an atmosphere of positive and honest competition
1. Conducting workshops and training courses on competitive anxiety to learn about its importance and reduce pathological competitive anxiety.

This study aims to study the relationship between climate and variation of vegetation density in Iraq using remote sensing and geographic information systems The study shows and through satellite visuals extracted in the form of maps that the density of vegetation cover in Iraq varies in time it increases in the cold season of the year and decreases in the hot and dry season and notes the difference in spatial vegetation cover it increases near the banks of rivers and water bodies in the sedimentary plain area and in the mountainous region of Iraq for the emergence of Springs and springs and less density in other areas, but lack in the western plateau region of Iraq. The density of vegetation cover increases in April of the year to decrease to in the hot months of the year, and this increase in April is only a result of moderate climatic conditions on the one hand, and on the other hand, the abundance of water resources as a result of melting ice. The study also shows that the climate has a clear relationship shown by the statistical relationship between the climatic characteristics and the density of vegetation cover in Iraq, as the density of vegetation cover is affected by the climatic characteristics in Iraq. Rising temperatures and increasing irrigation speed.

Search to get acquainted with:
1- The level of psychological rebellion among middle school students.
2- Significance of differences for the psychological rebellion variable. According to the gender variable (male-female).
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the psychological rebellion scale prepared by Assaf (2019) was applied.
The research sample (which was obtained by the scale) amounted to (200) male and female teachers from the preparatory schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Rusafa / the third in Baghdad Governorate. And after applying the scale, they are given their data, and their data, and their data, and their antecedents, and their antecedents. search results:
- The presence of affiliated diseases.
- There are no differences between meals and females in the presence of psychological rebellion
The researcher presented the best findings and proposals in the light of the results.

The current search:
1- Level of self-quality among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
2- The difference in the level of subjective quality.
3- The level of artistic taste of the female students of the Institute of Fine Arts.
4- The difference in the level of artistic appreciation according to the variable of the academic stage (third / fifth).
5- The relationship between quality and artistic taste among female students of fine arts.
6- Differences in the relationship between quality and artistic taste among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts According to the academic stage variable (third / fifth).
The research sample included students of the third and fifth stages in the five departments The total of (308) female students, and the researcher used the descriptive method, the signs for its suitability The nature of the current research, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the subjective raw scale From (Sarah Rafaa Faisal Suleiman, 2021), which consists of (45) paragraphs, and the taste scale The international artwork designed by the scientist K Graves, consisting of (32) images , and apply the two scales to the final application sample after completing the reaping procedures Psychometrics (honesty and stability), and the researcher used the statistical bag (spss) to analyze The data and concluded that the students of the Institute of Fine Arts Subjectivity and artistic taste also found that there are statistically significant differences in the level of an internal distance for the variable of the third / fifth stage and in favor of the fifth stage, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the level of artistic taste according to the variable of the study stage (third / fifth) and in favor of the fifth stage , Correlational relationship with subjective quality and artistic taste, for the variable of the circular phase (third / fifth) and in favor of Number of proposals.

The science of phonology is one of the important topics in the history of the Arabic language, which requires an understanding of the rules of pronouncing the letter. By this standpoint, we set out to write this research that deals with the study of the strange phonemic term of the ancients. In addition, some of these terms were widely used after them, and some of them were rare or extinct in idiomatic use, and the latter we collected under the name (strange phonetic terms), and the field of our research was (the books of ancient linguists and intonation) and what was mentioned in them of these strange terms. In this research, we dealt with (thirty-six) strange terms, which we arranged alphabetically, and defined them linguistically and terminologically.
We presented the research with an introduction in which we summarized what we have done in this research, and a conclusion in which we summarized all our findings and recommendations.

During the Age of Enlightenment, which was regarded as the best period in European history and lasted from the late seventeenth century to the late eighteenth century AD, Rousseau was one of the forerunners of modern European thought. The development of science, the rise of money, an arbitrarily structured society, and authoritarian institutions were all criticised by Rousseau. Additionally, because of the influence his contributions to politics, literature, and education have had, his ideology serves as the foundation for moulding political events in France. He is a social philosopher and religious thinker who travelled to Switzerland, France, and Italy to pique his followers' interest with his writings.
Despite his reputation as a philosopher and writer, his writings were the outcome of his thoughts and instincts. Rousseau endured hostility, jealously, and misunderstandings throughout his life as a result of being a pioneer in his community. Rousseau consequently decided for himself to withdraw from society. In addition, he voiced his hatred for the affluent, refined, and orderly classes. He also experienced a spiritual crisis as a result of the social and political conditions of his day.
Anyone who reads his writings or considers his theories will discover in Jean-Jacques Rousseau the human being, the moral sense, reason, and conscience, as he portrayed them in his works of descriptive and conceptual literature. His writings' effects throughout his life caused him a great deal of difficulty and trouble because they contained sentimental descriptions that were bursting with feeling and emotion.

The current research aims to know (recognize) the evaluation of the Arabic language book for the sixth preparatory grade from the point of view of the subject teachers and supervisors, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach. The research was a questionnaire that was prepared by referring to the literature and previous studies, and the questionnaire was presented to the arbitrators and specialists in the methods of teaching the Arabic language, measurement and evaluation, and it included (five) areas, which are (goals - the introduction to the book, the artistic direction of the book, the exercises, the content of the book) and it included (46) paragraphs, and the researcher used Statistical means (Vachronbach, weighted average, measurement percentage, seminal ratio), and the results showed that most of the paragraphs have been achieved, and some few have not been achieved,
Through the results, the researcher reached several conclusions, most notably:
- Most of the paragraphs in the field of objectives of the book have been achieved, except for the paragraph (the diversity of goals for the emotional and cognitive levels).
- The paragraphs of the introduction to the book and the exercises have all been achieved.
- The paragraphs of the field of artistic direction of the book and the field of content, not all of them were achieved.

Research summary: The research aims to find out: (The effect of the Stepans model in correcting spelling errors among first-grade students).
In order to verify the aim of the research, the following zero hypothesis was put forward: There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who study dictation according to the Stepans model, and the average scores average of the students of the control group who study dictation in the usual way, and the method was followed. The experimental design was based on the experimental design with partial control, which is the design of the control group with post-test only.
The researcher chose a community of first-grade students in the third Rusafa Education Schools in Baghdad and his research sample from first-grade students in Al-Fida Intermediate School for Boys affiliated to the Directorate of Education / Rusafa Third in Baghdad, as his research sample reached (89) students, with (46) students in the group The experimental group who study using the Stepans model, and (43) students in the control group who study the method used for the same topics. Elementary in the subject of the Arabic language).
The researcher prepared complete teaching plans and (30) behavioral goals for the four subjects to be taught in the light of the Stepans model for the experimental group and the method used for the control group, and presented them to a group of experts and arbitrators to benefit from their opinions and observations about their validity, as the researcher studied the two groups, starting on Wednesday (2/ 11/ 2022), and it ended on Wednesday (4/26/ 2023 AD), and the researcher prepared post-tests in dictation after teaching the four subjects to students; For the purposes of his research, and in order to apply them to the two research groups, the researcher used the following statistical methods: (t-test for two independent samples, and Kai-square, analysis of variance - alpha-Cronbach equation )
The researcher reached the following result: the average first-grade students in the experimental group outperformed the average first-grade students in the control group. In the light of the findings of the research, the researcher recommended the following: It is necessary for teachers of the Arabic language to be familiar with the Stepans model when teaching dictation for intermediate and preparatory students, and as a complement to this research, the researcher suggested the following: conducting a number of studies, including a study: aimed at knowing the effect of the Stepans model in correcting spelling errors in other academic stages.

A survey study of some training and educational programs used in autism centers in Maysan Governorate
Introduction and the importance of the research, which included some of the interests taking place in this field or with regard to this category, made many researchers go to study and deepen in all areas of autism and in a large way to obtain important results that help this segment to improve, develop and integrate with their peers, and herein lies the importance of research (( It is to conduct a survey on the training and educational programs that are used in autism centers in Maysan Governorate to find out which is better and what it means for their advancement. The aim of the study was to find out the programs used in the different centers for children with autism spectrum in Maysan Governorate.
As for the approach used, the descriptive analytical approach was used, which deals with the study and description of the educational phenomenon. The study sample consisted of supervisors and workers in charge of autism centers in Maysan Governorate. As for the special conclusions and recommendations in the research, they were as follows: There is a clear weakness in all paragraphs due to the lack of direct government interest in this category and the reliance on civil centers only.
The programs prepared in the centers for the autism spectrum are good, but the implementation mechanism is not good because of the poor financial capabilities and the infrastructure is not suitable for its implementation. The recommendations were to improve the quality of educational services provided to children with autism in autism programs.

The current research aims to identify the impact of the Needham model on the achievement of Arabic grammar among second grade intermediate students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level
(0.05) between the average achievement of students of the experimental group who study Arabic grammar using the Needham model and the average achievement of students of the control group who study Arabic grammar in the traditional way.
In order to verify the validity of the null hypothesis, the researcher prepared an achievement test for Arabic grammar, its paragraphs consisted of (50) items of multiple choice type, based on the steps of preparing the tests and checking the psychometric characteristics. After applying the test to the two research groups, the researcher used the t-test for two independent samples as a statistical means to compare the results. The calculated t-value (2.311) was greater than the tabular t-value (2) at a degree of freedom (60). Thus, the hypothesis is rejected, and this result indicates the superiority of the experimental group students who They studied Arabic grammar using the Needham model on the students of the control group who studied it in the traditional way. students and their focus in addressing the topics that were presented to them. He suggested adopting the Needham model in teaching Arabic grammar. Finally, he recommended conducting a study to compare the Needham model with other teaching models.