Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

The theory of speech acts proposes paths to reveal communicative concepts, and to reveal the utterances that have achieved the accomplishment, and in light of the theory of speech act, the owner of the theory (Austin) confirms that the basic function of language is not to convey information or communication, but to transform the spoken speech into external performative acts, according to the situation from which the speech was launched. This research attempts to identify the most important speech acts contained in the two discourses, and to reveal their meanings, and to demonstrate their performative power on the ground, and according to the purposes of the producer of the speech, and the multiplicity of discourse situations, we can know the extent of their influence on the communication process between the two parties of the discourse, and then conduct a comparison between Surat Al-Qasas in the Holy Quranic text, and the Book of Exodus in the biblical text Taking the story of the Prophet Moses as an applied field for this, all of this came in the context of two research methods: descriptive, which followed the research axes with description and analysis, and comparative, which monitored the similarities and differences between the two texts

This research aims to explain the impact of patience and touch upon its place in our lives as Muslims , lt is necessary to be aware of it , especially in our contemporary reality , in which people's anxiety appears in the face of adversity and trial , A person must be patient when God Almighty tests him in any of the colors of trial , and he must also cultivate patience , The soul must be properly educated according to what the sharia requires lslamic education to from a sound personality , as it is one of the most important moral foundations in the lslamic religion , and is a way for a person to bear the suffering in life , to be patient in the face of calamity and to obey , and this comes as a result of training and accustoming the human soul to enduring hardships , Hence , the tolerant laws came to clarify and emphasize the importance of the issue of patience because:
1- lts relationhip to the life of man to man and his worldly and afterlife benefits. The reality of this world is a trial and test from God is exalted for His servants , and man must deal with it in the way that pleases his lord , until he has the character of patience that makes him ableto advance the nation and bring it to empowerment.
2- patience is evidence of contentment with the power of God Almighty , and a means by which a Muslim tests his faith , Victory , and glory belong to the one who is most patient , as it is considered a spiritual and psychological nourishment that believers use to help with shocks and calamities , lt is the approach , and it is the approach that God Almighty chose for His servants to achieve victory for them , Victory with patience is the believer's weapon in all areas of his life.

This study deals with a linguistic phenomenon that is considered one of the most important phenomena of the language, which is the phenomenon of deletion. The researcher studied this phenomenon among the most prominent commentators of the sixth century AH through three interpretations: the interpretation of Al-Kashshaf by Al-Zamakhshari, the interpretation of Al-Muharrar Al-Wajez by Ibn Atiyah Al-Andalusi, and the interpretation of Majma’ Al-Bayan by Al-Tabarsi, because of its distinctive features. These interpretations have features that are rarely found in other interpretations. The researcher tried to track down the places where verbs were deleted in their valuable interpretations, investigating the different patterns. This was done by extrapolating examples, specifying the location of the witness, presenting the opinions of the three commentators, then presenting the opinions of ancient and modern grammarians on each issue, then commenting. on her.
To achieve the desired goal of this study, the researcher divided it into three sections, preceded by an introduction, a preface, and then followed by a conclusion of the most important findings reached by the researcher

In this research, we try to find out the critical visions that were scattered in the book Al-Amali, by Ibn Al-Shajari. We aim to highlight the critical sense that distinguished Ibn Al-Shajari, which he expressed in an attitude or vision, criticizing an issue with it. Or an idea or opinion of a writer or linguist; Approved or disapproved, fallacious, wrong or correct. The researcher focused on an aspect of Ibn al-Shajri’s critical visions in the criticism of words, and then his criticism in the field of meanings, and then in the linguistic field of grammar and morphology, and then presented an aspect of rhetorical criticism.

The analogies used by Imam Sadiq are rich and varied in their methods. He uses visual analogies to describe scenes and events in a way that makes them vivid and tangible to the reader. He also resorts to sound analogies to enhance the auditory and rhythmic effect of his words. As descriptive analogies are used to convey the beauty and splendor in nature and life scenes, the analogy in Imam Sadiq's prose works to deeply affect the reader or listener. It conveys meaning in an intuitive and concrete way, increasing its ability to assimilate, and be influenced by concepts. In addition, the analogy enhances the power of persuasion and the intellectual impact of the ideas and guidance given by Imam Sadiq. It can be said that the use of analogy in the prose of Imam Sadiq (as) highlights the spirituality of his literary style and his ability to influence and communicate with the audience. This rhetorical style is considered one of the important tools that influenced the development of Islamic literature and Arabic thought in general. In the end, it is worth appreciating the greatness and beauty of the use of analogy in the prose of Imam al-Sadiq (as). Studying this aspect of his literary style enhances our understanding and appreciation of his literary heritage and deepens our vision of concepts. The analogy in the prose of Imam al-Sadiq reflects his literary creativity and inimitable ability to express himself. His use of analogy in his prose gives his words a special splendor and increases the strength of their impact on readers and listeners. Imam Sadiq is distinguished by the variety and richness of the methods of analogy that he uses, reflecting his ability to employ language in a variety of attractive ways

After coming to the helm of the presidency in 1924, American President Calvin Coolidge adopted new policies based on change and moving away from the traditional methods pursued by the government of former President Harding. Many aspects on the economic, political and social levels will seek to achieve.
After the Republican Party came to power in 1921, the hopes of the American people began to fade with regard to lowering taxes on income, and after the war ended, the Republicans stood with reducing those taxes, especially after Coolidge came to the presidency where he believed that excessive taxation is immoral, because It steals freedom from people and people have no choice about taxes.

The health aspect is one of the important aspects on which the social system is based; as it is an important and influential aspect in the lives of nations. Some academic studies have addressed the health situation in Iraq in general, due to the importance of the subject as it is an important pillar that indicates the extent of building healthy foundations for a developed and civilized society. In turn, interest in this aspect is reflected in several other important social aspects, including the educational, cultural, civilizational and other aspects

The subject of the research is based on studying the approach of Al-Shawkani
(d. 1250 AH/1834 AD), in his book (Al-Aqd Al-Mandha fi the Virtues of the Family of Muhammad and the Disadvantages of Those Who Transgressed and Rebeled Against Them), which is one of the important manuscripts of Al-Shawkani, which the researcher sought to investigate. The research material is based on giving a brief biography of Al-Shawkani’s academic and administrative life, by introducing his lineage, birth, his pursuit of knowledge, and the sheikhs under whom he studied, and his most prominent students, and referring to the jobs he assumed in Yemen , and the opinions of scholars about it. Pointing out his most important works, which were in various sciences. Then, he touched on the study of the book by giving a general description of the manuscript, its language, and the arrangement of the work, indicating his method of writing and composing, and giving a general definition of its various aspects.In terms of its importance, the reason for its composition, and the resources that the author adopted in his book, the researcher explained his approach to transmitting from hadith books, and his approach to transmitting from narrators, while mentioning examples for each aspect.

Since The establishment of its state till the reign of the Sultan Mahammad AL – Fatih, the Ot-toman Sultans married girls of famous local Families , daughters of Anadolia Princes , Byz-antin Emperor, as well daughters of Serbian governors and Bulgarian Princes With a contract according to the Islamic Sharia . The majority of those marriages were for political purposes, the Ottoman Sultans tried to consolidate their state via marriage ,or exploiting those marriages to expand their territories at the expense of some governors and princes claiming their right in heritage .
The paper shed light on those marriages indicating reasons behind them and whether they achieved their aims beginning with the establishment of the Ottoman State , that witnessed the most famous political marriages with the era of Sultan mohammad AL-Fatih in whose era marriage took a new shape differing from his pride cessors the study

Misuse of medication dispensing is one of the professional errors that raises the responsibility of its perpetrator, and is committed by the pharmacist while performing or practicing his profession. If he causes harm to others and a causal relationship exists, this is a reason for his civil liability towards the injured person and his obligation to compensate him for the damages caused by the misuse of medication. In order to achieve adequate legal protection for the injured party. Among the errors made by the pharmacist, which may be considered misdispensing of medications, are either misdispensing of the medication, selling the wrong medication to the patient, or placing more quantities than prescribed in the formulation of a particular medication. Because this misuse of medication leads to harm and health problems for patients, these harms entail a responsibility that falls on the perpetrator. Therefore, achieving adequate protection for the injured person is through establishing the pharmacist’s responsibility and obligating him to compensate for the damages that resulted from the error in dispensing the medicine. Although this responsibility is not complete in some cases, the perpetrator of the error can cling to what leads to responsibility being paid for him.

Geographical potential represents a key factor and influencing the tourism activity and the volume of incoming tourist movement, so this research aims to reveal the role of these potentials and their impact on the tourism activity in Iraq, as well as to develop solutions and proposals that contribute to addressing many tourism problems in a way that achieves the greatest benefit. desired.
The research reached several results, and the most important of these results is the interest by officials in the potentials that can be invested in tourism, especially some potentials that suffer from neglect and extinction, as well as interest in the transport sector, which is a basic and important artery for all human activities, including tourism activity, especially air transport and the establishment of Airports because of their important role in the overall development process, and interest in spreading tourism awareness among members of society.

The study of the population composition mapping and the development of its social characteristics gives a clear picture of the reality of the characteristics of the population, so the study seeks through this chapter to identify the most important elements of the population structure in Karbala province through the three investigations that dealt with environmental, qualitative, age, educational and economic analysis to illustrate the spatial variability of these elements, which have their own significance at all levels and for any society that affects and affects different demographic elements as well as the most important cartographic symbols used in Represented .

The issue of poverty has now become one of the issues that major countries are betting on in order to control the capabilities of developing countries, as the methods of these countries in spreading poverty have resulted in effects that have affected developing countries, including Iraq, at the external and internal levels, and with the emergence of colonial theories, including neoliberalism, which calls for the dismantling of all programs. Which provides public services in developing or poor countries, such as education, health, strategies for eliminating or alleviating poverty, The concepts of liberalism have prevailed for quite some time in the economies of many countries, and in recent years we have entered a new phase of the concepts of market economy and commercial freedom, which is the rule of principles, which created artificial scarcity through its control over the distribution of lands, goods, services, and water rights, and depriving the peoples of developing and poor countries of access to... These services use the principle of reward and punishment in order to force them to obey and submit to their plans aimed at creating an army of cheap labor.
Especially after the redivision of international labor, neoliberal policies were developed through the well-known tools of globalization, namely the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, and transnational companies that impose structural adjustment programs, and through them, these institutions impose strict economic policies on governments, such as reducing government spending and increasing taxes. or unemployment benefits.

Fish transportation and marketing methods are among the professions that humans have practiced throughout time, as it is an integral part of other economic activities. Therefore, fish wealth requires a fast means of transportation that contributes to marketing production. It is an important food resource in human life, and materially on the other hand due to the nature of the profits it adds to the local income of the population. This in itself prompted the population to establish artificial pond projects to raise and multiply fish in light of the available production capabilities represented by the presence of water resources and nutrition based on the produced grain crops, in addition to the importance of transportation and the market. Hence, the importance of the study came to analyze the geographical spatial methods of transporting and marketing fish production in Babil Governorate for the years (2021-2024), in addition to determining the extent of variation in the geographical distribution of fish ponds and the size of the production capacity at the level of the administrative units affiliated with Babil Governorate. The study showed that the efficiency of the transportation cost (marketing) of fish fluctuated to a minimum of about (23.1%), which indicates a decline in marketing efficiency in Transferring fish production to neighboring governorates, in addition to increasing the demand for fish for Babil Governorate from neighboring governorates.

Security is one of the important requirements of life and social security is one of the basic tasks of any society in Iraq. Political crises had the greatest role in influencing the life of the individual and society. Many crises emerged, including the identity crisis, the participation crisis, and the integration crisis. Infiltration affected social security. Iraq witnessed important and historical changes after 2003 AD that led to the creation of important transformations accompanied by sharp developments and created very complex situations, especially with regard to the political transformation process, which aims to build the Iraqi state on new political, social and economic foundations based on a political process with foundations and rules aimed at building a democratic state. However, this development experience faced many obstacles and basic challenges due to the accumulated legacy of decades of tyranny, oppression and past tyranny, in addition to the lack of a stable structure with a balanced composition that possesses a political philosophy that removes conflict between the parties of that structure

The current research was concerned with a with a topic relsated to the role of the care services in caring for patients with kidney failure , , and after this topic is one of the topics that is of grat importance in society that must be drawn to attention because it is related to the health of the individual , and because kidney failure is a serious chonic disease that moust be treated ,it acquires this the research is important through knowing the role of heath care services in treating patients with kidney failure , beceuse heath care services hare a major role in treating patients with kidney failure . Health care services are represented by all the curative and pprerentive services provided by workers in health institutions . after this research , it is a descriptive research that used the used the method ,Descriptive analysis on a sampie of (50) individual with kidney failure at al –Diwanliyah Hospital . the research reached a numberof conclusisons , moust important of which are
1-the majority of the researrity of the research sample members are males with kidney failure and with a university education .
2- providing good health selvices contributes significantly to improving health care for patients with kidney failure.
3-the quality of food provided to the kidney failure patient was good , and the doctor played major role in the tteament.
4-Health care services provide psychological and social support for patients with kidney failure.
5-most of the problems that a patient with kidney failute suffers from with has family is the lack of funds for his treatment
6-moust kidney failure diseases are hereditaty diseases that contribute to the occurrence of kidney failure as well as propole.

In recent years, Iraqi higher education has witnessed significant growth in student numbers, but it has received less attention compared to other colleges in terms of preparing teachers, both in terms of infrastructure and practical training programs capable of accommodating this large number of students, negatively affecting the preparation of future teachers. These challenges have prompted many international and local entities to increase their focus on teacher preparation operations and the development of their programs by adopting global standards such as NCATE standards. Through these standards, we aim to prepare more competent teachers starting from the selection and screening of students, then training and developing them within colleges.

There is no doubt that the world is witnessing a major revolution in the field of educational technology because of its great benefits in improving the quality of education and providing classroom material in an effective way that enables the teaching staff to achieve educational goals. According to recent statistics, the Arabic language is the least popular among the world's languages in the use of educational technologies. Therefore, this research aims to study the challenges facing teachers of the Arabic language in the use of educational technology in the classroom environment and to find appropriate solutions for them. In this research, a questionnaire was designed to identify the basic obstacles that prevent the effective use of educational technologies. The study was conducted in the province of Najaf and focused on teachers of the Arabic language for preparatory and secondary schools. The total number of the research community (676) teachers. an exploratory sample consisting of (40) teachers, and the number of the basic sample was (200) teachers. The number of schools included in the questionnaire consisted of (81) schools for boys and girls, with 57 preparatory and 24 secondary schools. The questionnaire was designed and its validity and reliability were measured using appropriate statistical methods. The results of the questionnaire were also processed using statistical methods to show and classify the items according to their severity to reveal the main challenges and propose appropriate solutions.

The research aims to determine the effect of the deep model on the acquisition of alternative energy concepts and cognitive depth among third-year intermediate students in physics. To achieve the goal of the current research, the following two null hypotheses were formulated:
1- There are no statistically signficant differences, at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the expermental group who studied according to the deep research model and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method in testing the acquisition of alternative energy concepts.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the deep research model and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the traditional way, in the cognitive depth test. The researcher used an experimantal design for two equal groups. The curent research population was limited to third-grade middle school students in middle and high school day schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2023-2024). According to this design, the researcher chose (Al-Sayyab Middle School) randomly to represent a sample. The research included (66) students, divided into two sections. Section (B) was randomly chosen to represent the experimental group and included (33 students) and Section (C) to represent the control group and included (33 students). The equality of the two groups was verified. , in variables: (chronological age, intelligence test, previous information, cognitive depth).The researcher specified the educational material in the last four chapters of the physics textbook for the third intermediate grade, and the behavioral objectives for the material specified in the chapters were formulated, as their number reached (112) behavioral objectives. The researcher also prepared (20) teaching plans for the experimental group and (20) teaching plans for the control group. Regarding the research tools, two tools were prepared. The first was a test for the acquisition of alternative energy concepts, consisting of (20) objective items of a multiple choice type with four alternatives. The validity, reliability, discrimination coefficient, difficulty factor, and effectiveness of the alternatives for these items were calculated. As for the second tool, it is a cognitive depth test consisting of (20) objective items of a multiple-choice type with four alternatives. The validity, reliability and discriminatory power of the items of this test were calculated. The experiment was applied in the first course, as it was the beginning of teaching for the two groups, (2/25/2024). At the end of teaching the two groups (4/21/2024), after testing the two groups, the data was processed statistically, using the SPSS program, and the following results appeared:
The students of the experimental group that studied using the deep research model outperformed the students of the control group that studied in the traditional way, in both the test of acquiring alternative energy concepts and the test of taking cognitive depth. In light of the results reached by the research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the PENTGRAM strategy on physical cognitive understanding and mental motivation among fourth-year scientific students. To achieve the goal, the following hypotheses were formulated .
1-There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studied using the PENTGRAM strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied using the usual method in the physical cognitive understanding test.
2-There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the students in the experimental group who studied using the PENTGRAM strategy and the average scores of the students in the control group who studied in the usual way on the mental motivation scale.
The researcher chose to design two equal groups (experimentally). The research population was determined by the students of the fourth scientific grade, in the morning preparatory boys’ schools affiliated with the Diwaniyah Education Directorate / Center, for the academic year (2023-2024), the first semester. According to this design, (Al-Jawahiri Preparatory School for Boys) was chosen by lottery to represent the sample, as its students were ( 114) students in three classes, where Class A was chosen by lottery to be the experimental group and contained (36) students, as well as Class B to represent the control group and contained (35) students. The two groups were equalized in terms of (age, previous requirements, intelligence, Mental motivation scale. The educational material was the first five semesters of physics for the fourth scientific grade, and behavioral goals were set for the specific subject, as there were (195) goals. The researcher prepared (33) teaching plans for each group. As for the research tools, the first is the physical cognitive understanding test, which consists of (35). A multiple choice item with four alternatives, and the validity, difficulty factor, effectiveness of the alternatives, reliability, and discrimination factor were extracted. As for the second, it is a measure of mental motivation prepared from (40) items with three alternatives. Validity, discrimination coefficient, and reliability were extracted for it. The experiment, starting from (10/8/2023) to (1/9/2024), after which the two groups were tested and conducted. Statistical processing using the SPSS program, and the following results were: - The students of the experimental group excelled over the students of the control group in both the physical cognitive understanding test and the mental motivation scale. In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals

The study aimed to enable the kindergarten teacher to develop her performance and keep up with everything new and modern in the world of education، as the world is witnessing a knowledge explosion at all levels. The old methods were not useful and feasible to keep pace with this development. Therefore، it has become necessary to find new ways and methods، using digital technologies that have begun to invade all levels and have proven their effectiveness in an eye-catching manner. In order for us to be able to develop the kindergarten curriculum with all its elements and also enable the teacher to do this easily، the researcher، with the help of programmers specialized in the field of artificial intelligence، designed a special application for the kindergarten teacher. This application provides the teacher with all the purposeful and diverse data she needs in order to complete her work with perfection. This application was also prepared in a way that is easy to use and accessible to all teachers This application is designed for each pre-school stage of study and is in accordance with the curriculum prepared for these stages by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Iraq، where each of the kindergarten and preschool stages contains five units and also contains the lessons to be given to the child by the teacher، whether they are A mentor or supplementary teacher Each unit was divided into four weeks، as each week contains several concepts that are intended to be conveyed to the child، and included within these concepts is a lot of data such as pictures، videos، games، stories، songs، as well as worksheets and all activities appropriate for these concepts. All the teacher has to do is sequence، follow the established steps، and choose whatever topics she wants، so that in the end، a complete daily plan appears to her that includes all the options she chose. To clarify the mechanism of the application’s work، the researcher included a daily plan from among the data provided to the program for a period of one week، where she chooses Teacher what you want from this data to complete the communication of the core vocabulary for this unit.

This study investigates the socio-pragmatic aspects of code-switching in classroom interactions at the University of Kufa. Code-switching, the practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a conversation, is prevalent in bilingual educational settings. By analyzing the types and motivations behind code-switching among lecturers and students, this research aims to understand its role in facilitating communication, enhancing comprehension, and expressing identity. Furthermore, the objective of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of code-switching in university classroom interactions. Data were collected through classroom observations and interviews with participants, providing insights into how code-switching operates within this academic context. Consequently, the analysis revealed three distinct categories of code-switching among the M.A. students at the University of Kufa: intra-sentential, inter-sentential switching and tag switching. Additionally, it demonstrates that the intra-sentential pattern is employed more frequently than other patterns.