Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities

The political change in any country has to have it's own internal ‎and external dimensions, And the Foreign policies for countries is a ‎normal extension for it's internal situation, And so the political ‎relations has developed between Libya and Sudan throughout the ‎years of 1985-1986 to reflect a new positive nature between these ‎countries, Especially with Libya being in the west side of Sudan which ‎Muammar Al- Qaddafi contributed efficiently in the process of ‎overthrow the Major General Jaafar Al-Nimeiri, Which he assisted the ‎opposition lead by the colonel John Kurnak, This stage was ‎recognized by the military support given by Muammar Al- Qaddafi's ‎for the Sudan opposition which was able with the Sudan's rebels to ‎overthrow the ruling system of colonel Jaafar Al-Nimeiri in 1985 and ‎make the Sudan savior government between 1985-1986 with the ‎support of Muammar AL- Qaddafi.‎

The parliamentary elections could have been a real and ‎appropriate opportunity to give an agreement Taif The momentum that ‎I miss and the political system the popular legitimacy required, the 1992 ‎elections were held to establish a new style in the political practice in ‎Lebanon and to prove the concepts and standards in line with it, the ‎‎1992 elections to the Council introduced a large number of deputies ‎with multiple political backgrounds. The 1992 elections took place in ‎the shadow of a stifling economic crisis that enabled a companion ‎Hariri's access to power, Hariri, who was involved in making a deal ‎Taif in all its stages has sought the position of Prime Minister since ‎‎1990 he was able to head the fourth government after Taif following ‎the political and economic crisis that occurred due to the elections and ‎with the support of Syria that was not available before and thus became ‎the most prominent and influential political figures in post-war ‎Lebanon

This study is concerned with the Democratic Popular Front for ‎the Liberation of Palestine (the Democratic Front) 1969- 1974 in terms ‎of its: establishment from The womb Of the popular front for the ‎liberation of Palestine, The study also deals with the Front relationship ‎with the Palestine liberation organization through the sessions of the ‎Palestine National Council (From The Sixth Session To The Twelfth ‎One). ‎
The study Discussed It ideology, vision regarding the concept of ‎resistance and positions on the peaceful compromise settlements of the ‎Palestinian cause, especially the settlement of the democratic Palestinian ‎state and the project of the transitional solution.‎

Since the begining of the independence the Tunisian government ‎has shown a great interest to the education of the Tunisian women by ‎issuing many laws, reforms and plans which streng then the status of ‎the changes witin cssed by the Tunisian Society, The government ‎adopled many means to promote education among the Tunisian women ‎including increasing. ‎
The number of the inctitutes of higher vocational education and ‎also increasing the number of schools especially since the government ‎saw the parents hesitation to send their daughters to the schools in the ‎remote places far away places.‎

‎ Our research tagged (the administrative system in Baghdad ‎during the British Mandate period 1920-1932) dealt with a collection of ‎historical facts and incidents of political, administrative and ‎demographic dimension that went through the city of Baghdad during ‎the monarchy era, especially the British mandate over Iraq, which ‎resulted in social, economic and administrative problems, but not ‎limited to It has, in particular, the administrative system. Where his ‎studies came on the basis of published Iraqi government documents, ‎documents of the British Consul in Baghdad, documents of the House ‎of Books and documents, as well as documentary books on the British ‎mandate in Iraq. ‎

The oil policy of the Iraqi government after 1921 was ‎characterized by confusion, confusion, and lack of clarity. The foreign ‎oil company controlled Iraqi oil through the sharing of Iraqi oil ‎between the governments of Western countries through what was given ‎to it by the San Remo conference in 1920‎‏.‏
Where the Turkish Oil Company got a percentage ranging from ‎‎(23.75%), the French Oil Company (23.75%), Shell (British-Dutch), a ‎percentage of (23.75%), and Aramco Company (23.25%), and each ‎entity got a percentage (5%‎‏) .‏
Thus, the Western countries and their oil companies, whose name ‎was changed in 1929, shared to the Iraq Petroleum Company, and thus ‎Iraq lost control of its oil imports and its resources became in the hands ‎of foreign companies. And it continued to serve the interests of ‎Western countries, forgetting the right of the Iraqi people, who were in ‎dire need of oil imports at the time when the Iraqis only received cheap ‎prices that did not meet their national economy and their cables with ‎heavy restrictions for long periods that extended to less than seventy-‎five years

This research paper deals with conducting Kurdistan Region's ‎referendum on independence, which triggered a crisis at the local levels ‎in Kurdish and Iraqi, the regional, and even the international levels. The ‎crisis confirmed the ability of the Kurdistani parties to contain the crisis ‎and to limit the individuality of the governing party " Kurdistan ‎Democratic Party PDK " in its crucial decisions. The crisis also reveals ‎the rational way of the central government in Baghdad, with an ability ‎to manage the diplomatic and political negotiations.‎
The research confirms the possibility of coordinating the ‎attitudes, among the most prominent regional powers in the crisis which ‎are: Iraq, Turkey, and Iran, as a model to solve the outstanding ‎problems of the region, and its crises politically. This, of course, comes ‎at the expense of the international role; away from the matrix of the ‎international interests, which increase the complexity of the crises.‎
The crisis was overcome by intensifying the efforts of the local ‎powers in Kurdistan, and Iraq, the regional ones represented by the ‎neighboring countries, and the international ones represented by the ‎countries concerned with Middle East issues in a way that leads to ‎stability.‎

The concept of literacy in islam did not different from its concept ‎in thepresnt ,both of them bear the same principles that is to do on ‎educating man reading and writing.The task of islam to do onti-literacy ‎was asarevolution agaiont boack wardness and ignorance.‎

The study of history flags is one of the subjects that we seek to ‎materialize through our studies and our research to find out the ‎greatness of what these symbols presented from the knowledge and ‎sciences that were dated to the nation’s civilizational and cultural march ‎through different eras, and we stand on its doorstep with great honor ‎and dignity‏.‏
‎ Among them is the great scholar Ibn al-Shinah al-Saghir (890 ‎AH / 1485 CE), who is considered one of the encyclopedic scholars ‎who wrote in various sciences such as jurisprudence, hadith, history ‎and other sciences in which he excelled and excelled in what was ‎classified in it. As for the topic of our research, the discussion focused ‎on the first axis on the biography of Ibn al-Shunah al-Saghir, both ‎scientific and personal, and the second axis of his book, The ‎Promenade of Views in the Rawdat al-Madhhir, which is still ‎manuscript, so we defined the book as well as the approach that ‎followed it and the most important resources from which it drew ‎information regarding the "virtues of the Levant and Damascus".‎

The research deals with the cultural‏ ‏‎ of the amarte al bilban our ‎fleet of light on the administ rativa systems that were prevalent in the ‎amarte lncluding the sultanate , the procure atorate , the Ministry , the ‎ministry of finance m we also discussewd the judicial system in the ‎omarte , and we highlighted the military regime especially this system ‎was aprominent feature during the relgh of the amarte , we also dealt ‎with the economic aspect and the most prominent aspects of social life ‎in that era . ‎

This study deals with rare manuscript with 361 pages talked ‎about a type of weapon which is Arabic arrows in the manuscript titled ‎‎(Al-EfadawaAl-Tabasur likul ram aw muhier) written by a man from ‎Moroccan named Abdullah Bin Maymoon died in 700 H ‎
The importance of this manuscript is appeared in the hidden of ‎its subject as the shooting , the writer explains in detail the benefit of ‎Arabic arrows and their types as well as the speech of its owners and ‎the important exercises that must train on it. ‎
This Manuscript reflects the scientific growing of art of making ‎weapons in Islamic world , therefore, it would be as a resource for ‎many centuries in which Ottoman had taken care of it and it becomes as ‎source that can be back to it through the 19th century. ‎

‎ The discourse played an important role in directing positions and changing ‎them to others. Historically, this depended on the impact of the interview and the ‎means it uses. This was present in the mind of the Prophet Muhammad. He used a ‎variety of direct and indirect speech. The methods of that discourse varied with the ‎Jews according to time, Attitude, the frequency of direct speech and another letter ‎of transfer or military action or otherwise, the Prophet peace be upon him victory ‎in all those situations.‎

Non Muslim as Jewish ,Christ who were people mentioned in ‎holy Quran and they considered the most important in Arabic Islamic ‎states in various eras according to texts found in the beginning of Islam ‎as well as limited the relations among them and Muslims in their ‎exchange rights, duties , and one of these rights is that of influencing ‎the religious duties freely during the forgiveness sphere through which ‎Muslims started from the authority participated them in their occasions . ‎the research contained the serial of every religion who they treated as ‎any people owned the holy books as Muslims .‎

Scientific and economic life thrived in Andalusia during the reign ‎of Prince Abdurrahman II. It was the journey in seeking knowledge ‎from the channels of communication between the East and Morocco ‎and remained the East Manhal wealth from which the Andalusians ‎learned their science in various fields. The scientific trips of Andalusia ‎have yielded a form of precious authorship in various fields of ‎knowledge as well as the abundant knowledge carried by the nomadic ‎scientists for the colors of the classifications. Al-Muhaddith remained ‎Ibn Mukhalid at the forefront of those scholars who returned to ‎Andalusia with many books in different colors of science, such as ‎Hadith, Fiqh, History and Translations. And his dream to overcome ‎them and to come out safely. He also set a new level of science in ‎Andalusia‎

The city of khillat (Akhlat) is one of the oldest Islamic cities ‎whose history dates. back to ancient times. And emerged from the role ‎of Islamic conquest in the era of Rashidi, (20 A.H / 641 A.D) Through ‎the Umayyad Covenant, (41-132 A. H / 660-749 A.D), Ghada in the ‎period (493-604 A.H / 1100-1207 A.D), A center of the Seleucid ‎Tabuk , Then a base for the management of local Ayyubis in the region ‎for a period (604-630 A.H / 1207-1233 A.D). That the study of this ‎topic the city of khillat from 604 A.H / 1207 A.D until 630 A.H / 1233 ‎A.D has an importance in the field of the history of cities, It was ‎discovered to be one of the most important cities that played a ‎prominent political role in Islamic history as well as a number of cities, ‎such as Sinjar and Erbil, To fill a gap of history gaps in the Middle ‎Islamic eras, Especially in the field of the history of urbanization, And ‎did not enjoy sufficient care and attention from researchers. ‎

‏ ‏Many manuscripts throughout history have been damaged by ‎natural disasters and wars. Some scholars have rushed to preserve the ‎manuscripts, among them the Iraqi scientist Sheikh Ali Kashif al-‎Khatta, as his efforts were focused on reproducing rare and abundant ‎written copies, completing the shortage of damaged manuscripts from ‎which some of the papers fell and repairing damage to some of the ‎papers, and establishing a huge library in which the manuscripts' eyes ‎and their valuables were collected‏.‏

Which we are interested here Encyclopedia of the pleasures of ‎thought and methods of lessons: for the pools, and existing in several ‎copies as will be mentioned later, and we relied in our research on a ‎copy that exists in the Iraqi Academy of Scienc , the number of its ‎pages (155), the number of its pages in each page (18) Line, and in ‎each line of (9-12) words .‎
‎ The geographical encyclopedia of the Sultan of the eighth ‎century AH / 16th century, provided us with valuable information that ‎helps us to draw a clear picture of the term and administrative division ‎of Andalusia (Koura), and this shows unequivocally the attention of the ‎authors of the serious encyclopedias and comes in their intimacy by ‎mentioning the administrative conditions of that country And his active ‎attempt to gather information about them, and that the Batawat did not ‎tell us the sources of this information, which was read by those who ‎wrote from the Saba'is and the Andalusians of the later geographers ‎‏.‏
As at the same time we find that there is a lack of information on ‎the names of the governors of Andalusia on that Corr and cities and ‎fortresses, which we find in the books of other encyclopedias .‎

The city of Mosul has a great scientific status, and it has spread ‎schools and public libraries since ancient times, and settled by many ‎scientists and attributed to them. If Basra and Kufa pride themselves on ‎their language schools, Mosul is entitled to boasting its language school ‎headed by Abu al-Fath Usman bin Jaini al-Musli (392 AH) ‎
Ibn Khaldun (d. 808 AH), speaking of the singer El-Labib to Ibn ‎Hisham Al-Ansari (d. 761 e): ((We stopped him from the knowledge of ‎the gm attested to the height of his ability in this industry, and the ‎abundance of his goods, as if they follow the path of the people of ‎Mosul who followed the footsteps of Ibn And followed the term of his ‎education, and came from it with something strange)).‎
‎ The research focuses on shedding light on the beginnings of the ‎linguistic lesson in the city of Mosul, through its development and ‎maturity at the hands of Abi Al-Fath Usman bin Jaini Al-Musali.‎

The character of the companion, Thamama bin Athal Al Yamami ‎‎(Peace be upon him), is one of the characters who were distinguished ‎by reason, understanding, and wise opinion, so he disagreed after his ‎conversion to Islam by the enemies of Allah(Holy Quran) and the ‎Messenger Muhammad (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ‎after he was distinguished by the enmity and hatred of the Islamic ‎religion and Muslims wherever they were evidence of his material and ‎moral support to the enemies Islam before its Islam, and our master was ‎a Thamama from an ancient and ancient tribe known for the agricultural ‎nature of the characteristics of its habitat (Al Yamama), such as fresh ‎water and fertile soil; It was producing and generating various crops, ‎grains and dates after planting it. That is why al-Yamamah has returned ‎since ancient times as an important economic country in the Arabian ‎Peninsula linking the north to the south and east with the West with ‎profitable economic and trade relations. Al-Yamamah was famous for ‎its march (wheat and dates) that our master threatened the garbage of ‎Quraysh of the people of Mecca, where he had an economic stance ‎towards them that differs from his position after His Islam and proven ‎it until his death.‎

This study spot light on agricultural organizations in the new ‎Babylonian era according to cuneiform biblical sources . The new ‎Babylonian state will suffer from organizing agricultural lands, which ‎came on two axes . The first - ownership of agricultural lands and the ‎second was the types of agricultural lands which based on the types of ‎agricultural crops. ‎

The nation cares about the health of its children and puts this ‎attention in the forefront of its duties because the people do not rise and ‎develop without individuals who are physically, mentally and ‎psychologically healthy and his mental health is the land that is covered ‎by the children and from it stems from their creations in the different ‎aspects of life artistic and literary Social, scientific, cultural and other‏.‏
The search aims to‏:‏
‏-‏To identify the mental health of parents of children with autism ‎disorder‏.‏
‏-‏To identify the future concerns of parents of children with autism ‎disorder‏.‏
‏-‏To identify the relationship between mental health and the future ‎concerns of parents of children with autism disorder‏.‏
The researchers used the measure of mental health and the measure of ‎anxiety of the future
The research sample was the guardians of children with autism disorder ‎‎(25)‎‏.‏‎ The main results of the research were:‎
The anxiety is in a healthy state when it is at a normal level and ‎this level can be known whether it is normal or not by comparing it to a ‎mental health variable that has proven that the research sample is highly ‎psychiatric‏.‏

The aim of the research was to identify (the effect of the triangle ‎strategy in listening to the achievement of the fifth grade students in ‎literature and texts),The study sample consisted of (62) female students of ‎the fifth grade of biological sciences in the secondary school of Raja for ‎girls in Ramadi / Anbar province for the academic year 2018-2019, and ‎was equally divided into two groups: experimental and female (31) ‎students in each group. The researcher studied the two groups in statistical ‎variables (age, intelligence test, language ability test, and previous ‎information test). A collection test consisted of (40) objective subjects of a ‎multiple choice type with four alternatives. The test on the students of the ‎two research groups showed the results‏:‏‎ There is a statistically significant ‎difference between the average scores of the experimental group students ‎who studied the listening triangle strategy and the average scores of the ‎students of the control group who studied the usual method in the ‎achievement test for the benefit of the students of the experimental group‏.‏

The present study aimed to identify the role of school administration in ‎caring for gifted students from the point of view of the teachers of Dammam ‎Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia, the sample of the study consisted of (115) ‎teachers, and a questionnaire was prepared as a tool to collect data. The results ‎showed that there were statistically significant differences attributed to the ‎variable of the educational stage and the differences were in favor of the ‎intermediate stage. The results also showed that there are no statistically ‎significant differences attributed to the variable of experience and scientific ‎qualification‏.‏

The current study aims to discover the impact of the strategy of ‎mind map on the achievement of‏ ‏the intermediate female students in ‎Arabic language and their inductive thinking. To achieve this aim, The ‎subjects consist of 62 female students of the second class 31 in each ‎group. Study adopted the achievement test to get the results using the ‎strategy of mind map in teaching the experimental group and traditional ‎approach for controlling group. The data had been dealt with statistical
procedures like T-test for two isolated groups. The present study ‎shows that There was a significant difference of (0.05) level between ‎the average of marks of students of the experimental group which was ‎taught by using the mind map strategy and the controlling group in ‎favor of the experimental group. In the light of the results of the study, ‎the study suggested some recommendations. ‎‏ ‏

This study aims to evaluate the quality of teaching skills of ‎University of Anbar faculty members from their point of view, using a ‎questionnaire designed for this purpose. The quality of university ‎teaching skills was defined in five main areas: skill (formulation of ‎goals, diversification of stimuli, feedback, reinforcement, formulation ‎of questions) and these skills included (30) items. The questionnaire ‎was distributed to a random sample of (144) teaching staff at the ‎university. The results of the study showed that the arithmetic mean to ‎evaluate the quality of teaching skills that are more prevalent in Anbar ‎University by the study sample individuals is a skill (reinforcement, ‎formulation of goals, diversification of stimuli, 'feedback, formulation ‎of questions'), and a significant effect was found for the variable ‎‎(gender, The scientific title, experience) on the faculty members ‎‎’assessments of the quality of teaching skills, while that effect was not ‎found for the age and social status variables. The study recommended ‎that the administration of Anbar University should enhance the quality ‎of teaching skills. In addition to disseminating a culture of quality ‎teaching skills at the university by holding training courses for all ‎university teachers to introduce the importance of quality teaching ‎skills, and the factors affecting them and establishing them among the ‎faculty members

The objective of the current research is to identify the reality of ‎training‏ ‏‎ in the development of voluntary work in schools in its three ‎dimensions (knowledge related to voluntary work, community ‎orientation, community decision-making skills) among primary school ‎students. The two researchers used the descriptive approach. A ‎questionnaire was prepared by them on a sample of (40) counselors in ‎primary schools in the second Karkh education in Baghdad ‎governorate. In light of the application of the research tool and ‎processing the results of the application statistically, Obstacles to ‎training on volunteer work The students' lack of awareness of the ‎concept of volunteering and the lack of institutions supporting ‎voluntary work programs and its importance and low rate of economic ‎income of members of the community and the absence of the role of the ‎media in relation to volunteer work‏.‏

The objective of current research is to identify “The effect of ‎both five fingers and traffic signals strategies in achievement of 1st ‎intermediate class for mathematics subject and develop their motivation ‎towards it” through verification of the following two zero hypotheses ‎‎:-‎
‎1.‎ There were no statistically significant differences at the ‎significance level of ( 0,05) between average scores of students of the ‎three groups in the achievement test for mathematics subject .‎
‎2.‎ There were no statistically significant differences at the ‎significance level of ( 0,05) between average scores of students of the ‎three groups in A measure of motivation toward learning mathematics .‎
The sample of the research consists of (99 ) students distributed ‎into three groups , first experiment group (35 ) student , second ‎experimental group ( 33)and the third control group ( 31) students . ‎All groups were statistically equal in variables of ( time age , score of ‎mathematics subject of previous year , IQ test , motivation ‎measurement towards pre-mathematics ). ‎
The sample was tested intentionally from ( Omar Bin Abdul ‎Azeez Intermediate School For Boys - Directorate General of Al-‎Rasafa Education -1 ) . The researcher has prepared achievement test ‎in mathematics subject consisted in its final; form of (30) paragraph ‎of ( multi-choices ) . Also the researcher has adopted motivation ‎measurement toward learning mathematics prepared by Al-Zihairi ( ‎‎2014 ) , consists of ( 20) paragraphs with five alternatives ( always , ‎often , sometimes, scarcely and absolutely ) and then extracting truth ‎and persistence for both‎

The current study aims at investigating : The Impact of Cognitive ‎Conflict Schemes on Systemic Thinking for Students in the Second ‎Intermediate Grade of Science; and to achieve this aim, the following ‎zero hypothesis was put: ‎
‎ There is no difference with statistical significance at the ‎level of significance (0.05) between the average of degrees of the ‎experimental group students who study the cognitive conflict ‎schemes , and the average of degrees of the control group students who ‎study with the normal method in testing the systemic thinking of ‎science. ‎
The experimental design has been selected with partial ‎adjustment (experimental group and control group); the sample of ‎research consists of (86) students of the second intermediate grade. ‎
It has been distributed into two groups: (experimental and control ‎‎) and both groups had been made equivalent in the variables : (the ‎chronological age in months , intelligence , previous achievement in ‎Sciences , systemic thinking test ). ‎
A test of systemic thinking has been adopted which consists of ‎‎(24) items according to the thinking skills restricted by the skill of ‎‎(defining connections, systems analysis, systems installation, systems ‎evaluation). The psychometric properties have been calculated, and the ‎data have been analyzed and processed statistically by using the ‎‎(Spss) program and by depending on statistical methods ( T-test , ‎alpha kronbach equation , Kieder-Richardson-20 equation and Pearson ‎correlation coefficient, and the standard deviation).‎

The aim of this research is to shed light on the emotional stability ‎for students in Al-Anbar university according to the gender and ‎specialization ‎
The sample of this research consists of 400 students from Al-‎Anbar university for humanitarian and scientific specialization . 200 ‎students are males and 200 females. ‎
‎ The researcher used the standard of emotional stability for ‎Hamdan 2010 which is used in the college of education / ‎Qazza/palestine . As far as the items of this standard are close to the ‎Iraqi culture, the researcher depends on it in his current research. . ‎
‎ After analyzing and processing data , the results show that ‎students in Al-Anbar university have emotional stability and for the ‎benefit of the humanitarian specialization and female gender.‎

The aim of the current research is to identify the scale of positive ‎thinking among graduate students, and to identify the personality ‎dimension (extroversion - introvert) among graduate students, and to ‎identify the significance of the statistical differences in the personality ‎dimension (extroversion - introvert) according to the variables of the ‎type (male - female) and specialization (Scientific - Human), and to ‎identify the force and direction of the correlative relationship between ‎positive thinking and post-personality (extroversion - introvert) among ‎graduate students: The research sample consisted of (300) male and ‎female students from graduate students at University of Anbar. The ‎researchers used two measures: firstly, the scale of positive thinking ‎‎(preparation of the researchers). Secondly, the measure of post-‎personality (extraversion -introvert (for Eysenck,)). The researchers ‎using appropriate statistical methods studied using statistical programs ‎‎(SPSS) has reached a number of results, most notably:‎
‎1.‎ The graduate students of the current research sample ‎possessed a high level of positive thinking and statistical significance at ‎the level (0.05).‎
‎2.‎ Social students are more introverted, with a level of ‎significance (0.5).‎
‎3.‎ There is a direct relationship and statistically significant ‎relationship between positive thinking and extroverted post-personality.‎
‎4.‎ There is an inverse relationship and statistically significant ‎difference between positive thinking and introverted post-personality.‎

The scientists refer that self-presentation strategies give the ‎individual an insight into the nature of personal interaction, where the ‎individual in a specific situation acts more than one role and with each ‎role his/ her strategies are differed in self-presentation, that is, the ‎individual has to present himself/ herself in different ways according to ‎his/her roles and all this can serve the purpose that others look at us as ‎competent. So, we give them support, and show courtesy and focus on ‎ourselves’ strengths. However, some of these roles and strategies may ‎be desirable and others are undesirable. The current research aimed to ‎identify the strategies of self-presentation prevailing among a sample of ‎postgraduate students. it also tried to investigate the self-presentation ‎according to some demographic variables (gender, field of study). To ‎achieve the aims of the research, the researchers adopted the correlative ‎method, and prepared appropriate measurement to measure the self-‎presentation strategies which consisted of (35) items divided into five ‎dimensions that are (intimidation, acceptance, supplication, self-‎promotion, acting). The researchers examined the psychometric ‎properties (reliability and validity) of the scale. The data were ‎statistically calculated by using the appropriate statistical methods. The ‎results indicated that there was a disparity in the use of self-presentation ‎strategies, where the representation or idealism strategy was in the first ‎rank, while the supplication strategy was in the last rank. The results ‎indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the ‎variables of self-presentation strategies between males and females and ‎for all strategies, while there were no statistically significant differences ‎between the participants according to the specialization variable. In light ‎of the results of the current study, the researchers came out with a set of ‎recommendations, including the establishment of lectures, training ‎courses and activities that provide awareness of the self-presentation ‎strategies, and the diversity in their use according to the life situations, ‎

In this paper, we have tried to expose the Algerian experience in ‎the struggle against youth unemployment through the various ‎government institutions created to involve this category in the field of ‎entrepreneurship. Among these institutions, we have cited the ‎‎‘‘ANSEJ’’, created in 1996. And this article tries to make a review of ‎the activity of this agency after two decades of exercice taking as a ‎reference point the activity of the ‘‘ANSEJ’’ in the Wilaya of Tizi-‎Ouzou‏.‏
In the first point of the study, we wanted to give a historical ‎dimension to the concept of entrepreneur and to reconstruct the ‎historical background and the economic, political and legal conditions ‎that favored the emergence of private entrepreneurs and entreprises in ‎Algeria. And for the other points, we reserved them to the evaluation of ‎the activity of this agency in the Wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou, by noting the ‎number of small entreprises created and the sectors of activity which ‎attract the young people of the region as well as the number of jobs ‎likely to be created by theses entreprises

‎ Through studying the reality of plant activity in the judiciary, the ‎possibilities have an effective role in the agricultural sector and achieve ‎agricultural development in a way that ensures the increase of production ‎and improve its quality. This can be achieved by farmers using the modern ‎methods in the agricultural process of advanced techniques in irrigation ‎and the use of fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and mechanization. As well as ‎the government departments concerned with agricultural initiatives of loans ‎and advances from agricultural banks, which are intended to encourage ‎farmers to continue the agricultural operation and not neglect the ‎agricultural land as well as paved roads linking the Za judiciary to ‎facilitate the transportation of agricultural products and the preservation of ‎the damage to the advancement of the agricultural sector (plant‏(‏‎.‎

‎ Dust storms are a climate changes that effect on people ‎health in general and respiratory diseases in particular. The recent years ‎have witnessed an increase in the phenomenon of dust storms in the ‎study area in general, which is impact on human health in general and ‎on the youth in particular because they are the most active groups either ‎to work or to seek knowledge in colleges and Universities. In order to ‎know the real impact of dust storms on youth, questionnaire was ‎adopted which included a number of questions. This form contains ‎three axes: The physical, mental and psychological axes. The sample ‎consists of 180 forms distributed to different universities in the study ‎area in it's northern, southern, and central sections. Thirty forms were ‎distributed to each university, divided into 15 forms for males and 15 ‎for females. ‎

There is no issue more important and more dangerous in human life ‎than the issue of water supply and food security for the people of ‎society. Therefore, this issue is addressed by the current and future ‎global attention. Water resources are the basic components of ‎development in various concepts (human development, sustainable ‎development and economic development). Water and its scarcity and ‎the question of the ability to manage and regulate the available water ‎resources and use them with scientific and economic efficiency is the ‎main concern of economists and those interested in this matter. ‎Therefore, the sustainable and comprehensive development of water ‎resources and management is of utmost importance in order to avoid ‎future crises that result from the lack of water. In this regard, this ‎research aims to survey and analyze the water resources in Al-Anbar ‎province and its management as the current challenge under the global ‎system of water resources management.‎
Anbar province is located in the arid and semi-arid region ‎characterized by low rainfall in the winter season and its absence in the ‎summer, in addition to the large increase in the evaporation rate, which ‎led to its insufficiency due to its interruption in this chapter. Guaranteed ‎water This is the importance of this study in order to shed light on the ‎importance of these projects in the investment of the Euphrates River. ‎The title of this research is (resource management In the province of ‎Anbar under the challenges of the future).‎

The wind pressure applied to the surface of the soil is closely ‎related to the climatic data prevailing in the region such as high ‎temperature, solar brightness, relative humidity during the summer ‎months which contribute to increasing the evaporation rate and then dry ‎the soil and make it responsive to wind erosion In particular in the ‎southern parts of the study area Represented by al-Hadhar and al-baaj ‎district. Therefore, the soil erosion process depends mainly on the ‎knowledge of the force of wind pressure on the surface of the earth, the ‎climatic susceptibility of wind erosion, soil susceptibility to wind ‎erosion , And for the purpose of reaching the aim of the research , a ‎number of relevant climatic equations were adopted (wind pressure ‎strength (kg / m2), Zachar wind speed equation, Chepil and woodruff ‎equation recommended by the Agricultural Research Authority of the ‎Ministry of Agriculture America , In addition to collecting 12 models of ‎the surface layer of the soil of the abandoned land and sand dunes ‎within the study area and laboratory analysis in order to know the ‎amount of flours transported by the wind in a quantitative level , Where ‎the percentage of the surface layer content of the soil varied from the ‎flours and the groups resistant to wind erosion less than( 1 mm) in ‎diameter. The study reached several conclusions and recommendations ‎

The emergence of social networking sites has given the surfers a ‎lot of space to express their views on the issues and problems they face ‎in their daily lives. These sites have become part of the public opinion ‎and the pressure of most decision makers from individuals and ‎governmental and non-governmental organizations. Events and ‎attitudes in Iraq in general and in Anbar province in particular varied ‎the repercussions of the results of these sites, some of which has ‎constituted a positive opportunity for the development and development ‎of individual skills of the public, but others have adversely affected the ‎events through the dissemination of rumors and events On the level of ‎peace Ah Ahli and community and threaten the security structure of the ‎community within the province of Anbar.‎
Therefore, this research came to highlight the role played by ‎social networking sites in all their forms and types in promoting the ‎civil and social peace in Anbar province, especially the province has ‎recently emerged from the war was one of the reasons negative role ‎played by social networking sites‏.‏

Nowadays, information has become a commodity due to its ‎importance and effective role in all fields of life. This has led businesses ‎to monopolize and sell it just like other goods. From this stems the role ‎of libraries and information centers in providing information. The ‎college libraries, as one type of university libraries, strive to pursue all ‎scientific developments by means of organizing and classifying them in ‎order to make them accessible to all beneficiaries . ‎
The current study has surveyed all the libraries of all colleges of ‎the university of Anbar and found that they require a lot of attention by ‎the administrative staffs. Appropriate recommendations have been ‎made to improve the facilities of these libraries