Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities

The child is an important element in ancient societies as it is ‎today, because the woman’s association with a man does not flourish ‎except through the process of having children whose survival depends ‎on caring for both sexes for them, but the mother bears the greater part ‎of the responsibility, especially from the beginning of her pregnancy ‎until She puts it on his breasts and watches over his comfort, and after ‎he leaves her bosom she and her husband teach him good habits and ‎reject bad habits, and even after he reaches the age of majority, the ‎mother remains keen on her son and fears him of any bad that may ‎befall him.‎

Many scholars and writers have been exposed to exclusion and ‎the reasons and charges that led to their exclusion have varied. Some of ‎them were politically motivated or contrary to the orientations of the ‎authorities according to their concept. Torture and beatings, this ‎research sheds light on those boycotts and their implications for the ‎state and its policy.‎

In the history of political and literary Andalusia, Ibn Abad has ‎emerged as a king in the battlefields and poets who sing the generations ‎of his poetry. His political and military news has been of interest to ‎historians and researchers, which has led to an expansion in the ‎narration of the incidents that Ibn Abad contributed to its making. I ‎chose this king and poet to be the subject of my research. The ‎fulfillment of a man gave history a lot of events painted his image of ‎weakness of the kingdom of Seville and the history of the kings of the ‎communities in general as he employed all his actions in his poetry and ‎in the diagnosis of his suffering especially the plight of families that ‎returned from the tribulations of the bone that caused deep pain in the ‎life of the adopted son of slaves and was the life of Two stages of ‎ascension to the glory of the political life and history since he sat on the ‎throne until his fall, and then the second stage in which he ‎photographed his life inside the prison and the suffering heived and the ‎positions that he suffered until his death. ‎

‎ The Role of Self Influence in Helding The Arabic Islamic ‎CivilizationThe Concept of Civilization differed by the difference of its ‎view from person to person and from society to another . According , ‎its definition varied which reflected on the role of the self-influence in ‎helding a wide civilization . A Civilization was will an essential source ‎for all world civilization that is , The Arabic Islamic Civilization .‎
Knowing the role of the self – influences , need studying them ‎even though briefly in order be able to benefit from them properly .‎
This research will deal with these influences which was a direct ‎reason in helding the Arabic Islamic Civilization . Thereby , made it the ‎greatest civilization throughout history which were the important basis ‎in the prosperity of it which reached to its highest level of ‎developments.‎
This paper includes dealing with fine of these self – influence ‎and how was its role in constructing the Arabic Islamic Civilization. ‎

The Hawaiian Islands are located in the center of the Pacific ‎Ocean, Its capital Honolulu, Called the first time Sandwich Islands, It is ‎of volcanic origin surrounded by coral reefs. Its population is ethnically ‎ethnic Polynesian. Discovered by Captain James Cook (1728-1779) ‎Who lost his life during his third and last trip during an armed conflict ‎with the local population. Hawaii became part of the United States in ‎‎1898. The evangelization of Hawaii began at the hands of American ‎Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (1820). These missions ‎have had a significant impact on the local traditions of the inhabitants of ‎these islands, Have appeared remarkably in their local legends, some of ‎which were influenced by the Bible as will be seen from the present ‎study.‎

one wise man said. In this sense, many researchers and historians ‎are interested in the biography of the historical figures who made or ‎influenced the historical event, and this was one of the motives for ‎writing about the personality subject of this research‏.‏‎ Sheikh Muhan al-‎Khairullah he is one of the clan figures who appeared on the political ‎stage in the last Ottoman period (1869-1918) and the beginning of the ‎British occupation and monarchy age (1920-1958), he did not receive ‎the required attention, he had a prominent role in Iraq revolution of ‎‎1920, and was described as " nightingale of the House of ‎Representatives", where he was a member of the Council for more than ‎two-thirds of the election sessions of the Council. The research ‎included an introduction, two topics and a conclusion that included the ‎most important conclusions. The first topic reviewed the personality of ‎Sheikh Mohan Al-Khairallah and his social composition. The second ‎topic was devoted to knowing its political impact.‎

The study reviewed the most important factors that determine the ‎Iraqi position on the American-Iranian competition, and the most ‎important effects on Iraq. Also, reviewed the competing powers ‎strategies, and the official Iraqi position, and the policies that the Iraqi ‎government can follow, and its results. Finally, The study concluded ‎that; the Iraq because of its geographical location, and the political, ‎security and economic reality, it is at the "HEART" of the crisis, and ‎that its potential repercussions will affect more than one side. ‎Therefore, the Iraqi government must not support any side, and support ‎all efforts that seeks to find peaceful solutions through diplomatic ‎means.‎

Jordan and Israel agreed to establish a water navigation project ‎linking the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The agreement ‎stipulated a peace agreement between them in 1994 and the project is ‎the largest economic cooperation between the Zionist entity and Jordan ‎for decades, on a huge project represented in establishing a water link ‎with a length of two hundred kilometers. Between the Mediterranean, ‎Red Sea and Dead Sea, the lowest point on the surface of the earth, and ‎they signed a formal agreement, the cost of a project that could reach ‎eleven billion dollars with a clear and influential presence of the World ‎Bank and the United States as sponsors of the agreement and donors ‎from among the countries financing the project, and gave my Israelis ‎An incentive for Jordan to sign represent fifty million cubic meters ‎water annually provided by Tel Aviv to Amman from Lake Tiberias ‎additional share of water. ‎

‎ this paper is dealt with the studying of one of the hidden shrines ‎in ancient Baghdad cemetery which is the mosque and shrine of the ‎prophet joshua according to its biggest historical importance by ‎describing it as one of the prophet who is mentioned in holy Quran , ‎the study concentrated on the building in all historical stages limited ‎specially on the repairing works in that era . ‎
the research aims to document one of the important religious ‎status in Baghdad which is the descriptive study depending on the fields ‎visit and putting diagram clears the form of shrine and accurate ‎measuring in addition to enhance it with photographs and it had ‎considered as the inherited civil of Baghdad . ‎
the study had arrived to results that must be useful in the field of ‎specialist academic study about Islamic heritage that it had also ‎considered as discovering the important sides in religious architecture ‎because it had made a series of shrines recorded in the field of ‎architecture .‎

In recent decades, various indicators and statistical methods have ‎been developed to measure deprivation levels in the economic and ‎social fields. These indicators aim to identify the areas that are deprived ‎in some of these areas, in order to know the development needs of ‎these areas, and thus to focus their development and development ‎processes. The infrastructure of any city represents the cornerstone of it ‎because it is the basis of urban growth The research dealt with the ‎indicators of infrastructure in a marginal city in the far west of Iraq ‎within the province of Anbar, it is administratively important, to ‎indicate the rates of deprivation in infrastructure services for that city, ‎that the availability of these services efficiently contributes to The ‎formation of a healthy and peaceful environment for the city through ‎which the daily exercise of human activities, which reflects on the ‎development and progress of the city of humid administrative ‎importance of being a gateway to the country overlooking the three ‎sister countries in addition to the fact that it has seen an increase in its ‎size, which reflected on the increasing demand for services Ne ‎infrastructure‏ ‏The field study was adopted and the application of ‎planning criteria to measure those services to determine the deprivation ‎and deficiencies of those services in the city and from the application of ‎those standards it became clear that the city suffers from a clear ‎deprivation and large proportions of many of these indicators, while ‎some of them are almost completely zero, which required the study and ‎a set of solutions And alternatives to address the deprivation in ‎infrastructure services and development in order to achieve the welfare ‎and social justice of the residents of the city of Rutba.‎

The study aims to study sanitary landfill sites in the city of ‎Ramadi, as the problem of solid waste is the main problem that is of ‎concern to the management of all municipal councils, especially cities, ‎due to the narrow land area, the amount and size of massive solid ‎waste, and negative consequences, on public health, linking the uses of ‎the population The quantities of waste generated in the city of Ramadi, ‎and showed the geographical distribution of landfills in the city of ‎Ramadi and the environmental impact on the city of Ramadi. The study ‎included studies on extracting energy from solid waste and the amount ‎of energy generated from solid waste in the city of Ramadi Y reached ‎by the following equation (thermal value of the material = (kj / kg)] × ‎‎10-3), as the total heat capacity of solid waste in the city of Ramadi ‎‎525,097.333105 (kW.h / year) kWh.‎

Grapes are considered to be of great economic importance in the ‎exploitation of low fertile lands and deep lands. It is also important in ‎stabilizing soil and preventing erosion. Natural elements of the ‎Directorate and the extent and suitability for the cultivation of grape ‎trees, and clarify the methods used for planting, and to identify the ‎economic role of the grape product in creating economic and social ‎dynamism in the Directorate.‎
‎ We conducted this study on a random sample of 50 farms ‎representing 10% of the grape growers in the Directorate, and ‎conducted a series of interviews in the field of grape cultivation in the ‎Directorate, and relied on the descriptive analytical and statistical ‎approach in addition to processing statistical data from tables and ‎figures through the program spss, and ArcGIS 10.2 to make and ‎produce the appropriate maps. The study reached a number of results, ‎including:‎
‎ The revenues of the grape sector in the Bani Hashish ‎Directorate represented a positive economic reality. . Finally, a number ‎of recommendations were made which will contribute to the ‎development of the grape sector in the Directorate.‎

Service generally ,including educational services and one of the ‎fundamentals of the commity or society ,whether at the level of the city ‎or region or their parts ,and the study area was one of the Fallujah parts ‎that it is revival of city area and population and it is older ,that has ‎‎21school speard over all stages incuding kindergartens ,immunity ‎elementary and intermediate stage and that are newly opaned ,it is ‎elementary school wither the others are intermedeat secondary schools ‎and junior high school . so the discussion dealt with the following ‎topics:-‎

‎ The research deals with the Geographical distribution to the ‎population Illiteracy in Anbar province for the years (1997 And 2018 ) ‎the results of the census for the year (1997) and the field study ‎‎(questioner) were adopted as the data for the numbers of illiterate ‎people for the year (2018) are not available. The research concluded ‎that the decrease of the percentage of illiterate people is due to many ‎reasons (social and economic) and many more besides. The research ‎ended with many Conclusions and recommendations that may help ‎these responsible for eliminating illiteracy in the province. ‎

The research aims to reveal population growth trends for the ‎population of Anbar province. The importance of population growth is ‎highlighted because it helps to know population changes in the past, ‎present and future, which provide the planners with the necessary data ‎to use in order to set general lines for planning programs in various ‎areas of economic and social life, Therefore, population growth has ‎become one of the phenomena emphasized by the geographers of ‎population. Thus, it addresses the natural characteristics of Al-Anbar ‎Province, which are the ground upon which the phenomenon of ‎population growth trends emerges for the population of Anbar ‎province. It also detects some variables affecting the variance of the ‎population growth of the province population and its analysis in time ‎through identifying the methods of measuring population growth rates. ‎The study found out that the natural characteristics played a major role ‎in affecting the population characteristics, in addition to the decrease in ‎males numbers versus the increase in females number. It also concludes ‎that there is a continued growth of the population of the province with ‎high growth rates and in a stable level during the study period. The ‎study recommends to balance the population growth rates during the ‎study period, and to educate families about the importance of recording ‎births at the time of their occurrence to have more accurate and realistic ‎data. It recommends too that the state’s population policy should be ‎clear and announced in regard to reproduction in order to be consistent ‎with the society perspectives and the aspirations of the Iraqi state. ‎

The research aim to study the impact of climate changes on the ‎growth and productivity of wheat crop in Al Anbar province . to ‎achieve that the analytical approach is adopted to clarify impact of the ‎climate elements and phenomena are represented by solar radiation the ‎minimum and maximum temperature ,wind ,atmospheric humidity, ‎rains and evaporation in wheat production and maturity date, the ‎geographical distribution of the area invested in agriculture ,the ‎quantities of its production and its role in the agriculture economy. as ‎well as the compatibility of the climatic characteristics in the study are ‎with requirements of agriculture and quantity of wheat produced in ‎quantity and quality as the food of people that depend on it is beside the ‎great economic importance .the research relied on the data of three ‎climatic stations in the study area it is {Ramadi-Haditha and ASl Qaim } ‎over a period from (1980 -2014) as a well as agricultural data matching ‎to total duration of the study

The aim of research is to findout some suggestions and solutions ‎for problems of transport sector, which has a major rule as one of ‎fulcrum sectors in settingup aground base infrastructures, and as the ‎origin of development process especially at Anbar governorate at which ‎other sectors would suffer alot of challenges if transport sector would ‎not rise up. At the level of Anbar governoate transport sector can ‎enhance trading, growing up trading exchange, increase chances for ‎investment, enhancing the economic and commercial relationships with ‎other governorates and the external world, Anabr governorate has an ‎important strategic location, as it is the borderline outlet to Aqaba bay ‎‎(Jordan) which constribites in exporting oil, industrial and service ‎products,importing goods and services in addition to traffic connection ‎with Jordan and Syria, that make it an important commercial trading ‎provincial center to raise the level of commercial activities inside the ‎governorate, increase the population income and improve the standard ‎of living, even it's possible to connect Aqaba bay with Basra seaport. ‎To focus on land transport problems, especially vehicles that occupy ‎first rank in transport at the governorate which has a large surface area ‎and population significance, thence population activities increment ‎especially vehicles on their different types, sizes and numbers mainly at ‎city centers which suffer from land employements overlapping, street ‎networks maladjustment, traffic jams and lack of parks, and to elicit ‎agroup of solutions and suggestions to develop and evolute transport at ‎the governorate, reduce traffic jams and to restrain road traffic ‎accidents.‎

According to the large development in the use of social media ‎sites and its wide spread among segments of society and large groups ‎of people, especially young people, many extremist groups have used ‎these sites to recruit terrorists and push them to carry out terrorist ‎activities within their countries. This growing phenomenon is known as ‎the phenomenon of lone wolves through social media sites.‎
Hence, this paper aims to identify and investigate the methods for ‎global collaboration in a particular territory of cybersecurity, ‎specifically countering the recruitment of lone wolves through social ‎media sites. ‎
As international regulation is still limited to the development of a ‎set of rules, regulations and agreements against the recruitment of lone ‎wolves. Indeed, this study, through using of analytical qualitative ‎approach, concluded that the phenomenon of the recruitment of lone ‎wolves is a transnational phenomenon that cannot be contained without ‎creating agreed rules of international action; in order to combat the ‎spread of this phenomenon through social networking sites.‎
The study also found out that the capabilities of many countriesin ‎the field of combating the recruitment of lone wolves is relatively weak ‎due to the weakness of the expertise and technological capabilities of ‎cybersecurity in its security firms, which are usually expensive, complex ‎and intertwined.‎
The study recommended the importance of establishing an ‎‎"electronic army" by state and not only technical units, which is ‎equipped with the latest technology and equipment and able to monitor ‎SPAM and recruitment of terrorists.‎

The use of the Internet and the saturation of Iraqi youth
Iraqi youth use of the internet and the saturation of it ,The Internet has ‎recently become a very important medium of communication that ‎cannot be abandoned for many individuals. It has spread widely among ‎different audiences for various reasons, the most important of which ‎are its features that differ from other means enabling it to provide many ‎services. For its users, whether as a means of communication or as a ‎source of information in various political, scientific, economic, health, ‎social, and other areas of interest to individuals.‎
Faced with the increasing penetration of the Internet in the Arab ‎world in general and in Iraq in particular, heightened fear of the impact ‎of this network on the formation of young people. They matched the ‎fear of all-new since the printing press entered the live TV. It has been ‎reinforced under the prevalence of the normative vision of the means of ‎communication and their uses, which stands in describing the ‎phenomenon, and the classification of its consequences according to the ‎following bilateral: positive and negative In this light, youth use of the ‎Internet raises a number of problems related to the nature of the use of ‎the network on young people in Iraq, The research sample consisted of ‎‎103 respondents distributed‎

The research aims to identify the causes of displacement from the ‎cities of Ramadi and Mosul and to identify the similarities and ‎differences in the social, economic, educational and other problems ‎faced by the returnees to the cities of Ramadi and Mosul. The ‎researchers used the methods of social survey and comparative ‎approach. Part of the research community, namely, the interview, the ‎observation and the questionnaire, and was based on the "non-‎probabilistic" sample of 200 displaced persons returning to Mosul and ‎‎200 displaced persons returning to Ramadi. The researchers found ‎several results, the most important of which is that there is a similarity ‎between the displaced in the reasons of their displacement between the ‎two cities, in order to feel safe and with many problems, including: the ‎inability to adapt, the cost of rent allowances, begging, homelessness, ‎alcohol and drug addiction, Family relations, the spread of epidemics, ‎diseases, etc., and distrust of the central government in achieving ‎security. However, there have been many differences in the problems ‎experienced by the returnees, the difference of sectarian, demographic, ‎tribal and other nature between the two cities. ‎

From the current research we identify‏:‏
‎1-‎‏ ‏The impact of some demographic variables in pushing ‎children to the streets depending on the variables‏:‏
A)‎ Age (6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17) years‏.‏
B)‎ Sex (males, females‏).‏
‎2-The effect of some variables related to family conditions ‎depending on the variables‏.‏
the period in which the child is present in the street‏;‏‎ Daily income.‎
The sample of the current research was composed of (300) ‎respondents. The data were collected through the preparation of a ‎questionnaire and through the interview and observation. The ‎researchers may investigate the psychometric characteristics of honesty ‎and persistence

The aim of the research is to identify (the effect of the triangle ‎strategy in listening to the cognitive representation of information ‎among students of the fifth grade in literature and texts),The research ‎sample consisted of (62) female students of the fifth grade of biological ‎sciences in the secondary school of Raja for girls in Ramadi / Al Anbar ‎province for the academic year 2018-2019. They were equally divided ‎into two experimental and control groups with 31 students in each ‎group. Between the two groups statistically in the variables (age, ‎intelligence test, language ability test, and previous information test), ‎and a measure of the cognitive representation of the information ‎consisted of 36 paragraphs distributed evenly over 6 domains. ‎Sometimes, rarely, never), and grades (1,2,3,4,5) were given on the ‎Wali, has verified the validity of the scale and stability, and after ‎applying the scale to the students of the two groups showed the results: ‎There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores ‎of the experimental group students who studied the listening triangle ‎strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who ‎studied the normal method in the cognitive representation measure for ‎the benefit of the students of the experimental group.‎

‎ The aim of the research is to identify the prevailing behavior ‎and dietary habits of the preparatory year female students at Imam ‎Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, and to achieve this, the study was ‎conducted on a sample of (290) students of the preparatory year female ‎students at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Behavior ‎questionnaire was applied to them to identify their prevailing behavior ‎and dietary habits. The results of the study indicated that the general ‎nutritional level of the respondent mean (3.30) and standard deviation ‎‎(403). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences ‎attributed to the college variable (Humanity, Scientific).‎

The aim of research paper is to recognize the impact of Daniel’s ‎model on the students’ achievements of fifth grade literary in history, ‎and their motivation to accomplish‏.‏
The research sample consisted of 70 students. Divided into two ‎groups. The first group is called experimental group, how studied by ‎Daniel’s model. The second group is called control group, who studied ‎by traditional method‏.‏
The equivalence was made between both groups according to the ‎flowing variables (chronological age, intelligence, the last achievement ‎and the academic achievement of the students’ parents‏).‏
The researcher has used two tools. The first is achievement test ‎and the measure motivation achievement. The researcher has extracted ‎the psychometric properties. The researcher used appropriate statistical ‎means. As a result, he found that there are statistically significant ‎differences between the average of the achievement and motivation ‎achievement for the both group‏.‏
The benefit was made for the experimental group who studied ‎according to Daniel’s model is better than it for the control group, who ‎studied according to traditional method. Although they are both studied ‎same subject

The current research goal is to identify the degree of crystallized ‎intelligence, to identify personality traits (responsibility, emotional ‎balance, Self-Discipline, sociality) among students in the preparatory ‎stage, the significance of the differences in the variables of the research ‎is accordingly to the gender and specialization variable, and to identify ‎the strength and direction of the relationship between crystallized ‎intelligence and personality traits. The sample was of 400 students ‎‎(males and females).‎
The researchers used two tools: Test of crystallized intelligence ‎for Dr.Kamal Ibrahim Morsi 2001 and personal traits measurement, ‎Prepared by the researchers, The appropriate statistical tools available in ‎the statistical package (Spss) were used.‎
Several results found in this study:‎
‎1.‎ weakness in the crystalized intelligence of the ‎preparatory stage students with statistical significance by (0.5)‎
‎2.‎ As for gender and specialization variables, there ‎were statistically significant differences between the variable of ‎specialization and the scientific interest, while there were no ‎differences in the gender variable.‎

‎ The research aims to identify the effectiveness of an educational ‎program in the development of habits of recall among primary school ‎students. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the ‎researcher built the program according to the strategies of remembering ‎aids. Several hypotheses were formulated to verify the effectiveness of ‎the program. The scores on the scale of remembering aid, which were ‎randomly distributed into two groups: an experimental group (males - ‎females) and a control group (males - females). The researcher also ‎built a visual and audio tool in measuring the level of remembering, ‎and the results reached the effectiveness of the program in improving ‎the level of remembering for fifth grade pupils, the research has made a ‎number of recommendations and suggestions.‎

The research aim at investigating the effect of a strategy based on ‎the System approach in the achievement of students of educational and ‎psychological sciences for the computer subject. The sample consisted ‎of (74) students of the second stage in the Department of Educational ‎and Psychological Sciences divided into four equal groups depending ‎on the variables of the method of teaching and gender, The two ‎experimental groups were studied according to system approach ‎strategy and The two controlling groups were studied by traditional ‎method. The researchers prepared the research tool for the subjects ‎studied during the application of the experiment and it was essay test be ‎of (50) paragraphs, Validity and reliability were tested. The results ‎showed that there was a statistical significant difference between the ‎average of the achievement of the two experimental groups and the ‎two control groups for the benefit of the two experimental groups, The ‎results also showed statistically significant difference between the male ‎and female averages in achievement for the benefit of the Male. There ‎is also a statistically significant difference the interaction between the ‎variables of method and gender for the benefit of the experimental ‎group (Males). And In the light of the results, a number of conclusions, ‎recommendations and suggestions were reached.‎

The study was designed to identify the logical thinking of the students ‎of Tikrit University and to identify logical thinking according to the ‎variable of the mathematics specialization. The sample consisted of ‎‎(202) students randomly selected from the Mathematics and Physics ‎Departments, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, ‎The researchers used the following statistical methods: (Alpha-‎Cronbach equation, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent ‎counts)‎‏.‏‎ The following results were reached:‎
‎1- The students of the University of Tikrit enjoy a high level of ‎logical thinking.‎
‎2 - The level of logical thinking among students of the ‎Department of Mathematics is higher than the students of the ‎Department of Physics.‎

‏ ‏The aim of the research is to know the effect of Schamber's ‎strategy in acquiring the psychological concepts of the fifth grade ‎literary students and developing the adequacy of their cognitive ‎representation. Two research hypotheses were developed.‎
The research community, which represents the secondary and ‎middle schools within the General Directorate of Education of Salah al-‎Din - Department of Science Education, was selected (63) students ‎from the fifth grade literary students from Ibn al-Atheer school ‎intentionally, and the sample was divided into two experimental groups ‎and control group:‎
‏- ‏The experimental group (32) students studied according to the ‎strategy of Scumber.‎
‏- ‏A control group (31) students studied according to the usual ‎method.‎
‏ ‏Parity was made between the two groups in some variables such ‎as (chronological age, previous attainment, intelligence level, parental ‎attainment) which the researcher believes that it can affect dependent ‎variables with independent variables. ‎

The present research aimed to identify the students who suffer ‎from academic difficulties in (writing, reading and math) among the ‎first grade students who are displaced in Erbil province. The study also ‎aimed to know whether these difficulties vary according to gender ‎‎(males and females). The research sample consisted of (75) pupils, (36) ‎M (39) F. For the purpose of verifying the research objectives, ‎questionnaire , was adopted, the psychometric properties of the ‎questionnaire was created by Abduial 2012 presenting it to a number ‎of the fields of education, psychology and special education. The most ‎important academic learning difficulties, it has been shown from the ‎research results that pupils (Naz While those who suffer from academic ‎and arithmetic difficulties came first in terms of size and importance, ‎followed by difficulties related to writing, and finally difficulties related ‎to reading, while, did not show significant statistical differences ‎between males and females in academic learning difficulties. The ‎researcher ended up with a number of conclusions, recommendations ‎and suggestions in the light of her research findings‏.‏