Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities

This research delt with the levels of destruction in the city of Ramadi in 2016 based on the field study using the Likert scale to reach the end to draw graphs and statistical tables representing each level separately. And the research reached the most important causes of destruction and detection levels. As the destruction was not limited to urbanization but extended to the urban, social and political environment. And produced a set of conclusions and recommendations that could contribute to the reconstruction policy of the city.

It is possible to know the direction of the population movementor the direction of the cities development through indicating the population attraction region of the city. It means the fair distribution of people around this certain region. To explain the regional discrepancy, it depends on two alternatives which are population and the urban invested area and the amount of alterative through sequences of time It gives a vivid image of actual value in the city in present time and future which is taken to be a guidance for the urban Planner to design a plan to the current use and the probable use inside or at the edges. The population use is necessary to provide service which is by the urban inhabitant to create environment away from complication.

Population displacement is considered one of the problems of the cities of Iraq because of the absence of the political and security stability and armed conflicts that have turned the civilian population into direct targets and human shields for these conflicts. The worst practices of killing, displacement and intimidation are being committed against them.
‏This has led to population displacement in order to preserve their lives and seek for safer areas. Therefore, displacement is a problem in itself in other areas, and this is what has been studied in this research to know the impact of displacement on housing in Al-khalidiy

Anbar Governorate is considered part of the Arabian Peninsula, Its surface is crispy, characterised by a desert climate, low rainfall and a large variation in temperature between day and night. Summer temperatures rise to 42 degrees Celsius, whilst in the winter average lows reach 9 degrees Celsius. The northwesterly and southwesterly winds are sometimes to a maximum speed of 21 m/s. Average rainfall in winter between (50 -200) mm. The research is concerned with examining the continental status of climate of Al Anbar province depending on Borisov equation. The research included eight climate stations distributed on the area of investigation for the period 2001-2011. It has been found that the popular climate in Al Anbar province is a kind of continental and the degrees of continental in this province varies from the severe to the very severe continental, due to poor access of marine impacts, especially to the Mediterranean Sea, and the poverty of the study area by natural vegetation.

climate is one of the most important natural factors which directly and indirectly impact on plant life, shows the influence of climatic conditions is stronger than any one factor consisting of nature and climate, and is critical in influencing vegetation because plants differ from animal Org, by her inability to navigate and move from place to place and it is able to generate heat energy, which makes the Palm fully accountable under the influence of natural environment components in particular climatic conditions .

This study aims to using GIS technology in the detection characteristics morphometric River Basin Domelan represented characteristics of spatial and longitudinal and formal and topographic characteristics of sewer water in order to build a geographic database of the basin , was the use of visual space DEM and a map of Iraq type Ship file in the identification and mapping of topographic The sewer water was introduced into these maps to B.s. Arc GIS 10.3 has been producing a map of the basin of river and a network of water , which are classified to or less the same , according to the way the introduction of Wadi Analysis and an application within the application program Arc GIS, and painted map of digital elevation contour lines of the study area , was the production of digital maps and took various morphometric measurements and make some spatial relationships between these various properties that include the pelvis. As has been the study of the natural characteristics affecting his post in the pelvis and the rocky nature of the climate and topographic features.
The area of the pelvis College (86.005km²) and has been drawing anthropomorphic terrain us reflects the topographic characteristics and the extent of its impact on the river network properties (longitudinal and numerical), as well as the classification of these sewage into river arranged according to the numerical properties and longitudinal.

Ophthalmology is defined as the branch of medical science that deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the eye, the optic nerve, and the surrounding areas such as the lacrimal system and the eyelid. The eye doctor in the Abbasid period treats the eyes and their diseases and refractive errors ,This includes treatment of eye diseases from ophthalmology, inflammation, rectification, treatment of black water, white water and other diseases. Some of the diseases of the eye range from acute to sudden, sub-acute, chronic and diabetic retinopathy.

Therefore, Hafiz Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, one of the most famous scholars of the Islamic nation who contributed their knowledge and thought in their cultural journey and their mental achievements. God gave him energy in research, teaching, writing and writing, adding to the heritage of our nation a huge asset of knowledge in the arts of science, And branches of knowledge, were in more than seven hundred and fifty titles.

The political Capitals that ruled Anduls before Islamic Arab opening ,left many military architectural institutions, as castles, walls. The Arab Muslims used these institutions and entrenched inside them during the opening process.
However, the Arab Muslims did not limit themselves to what they found in the Andalusian country of military architectural facilities, but they built new facilities and reinforced the defense supplies that were in the walls of the fortresses and castles.
This research has been divided into two sections, the first was devoted to the cities which Arabs have established in Anduls for military purposes. It is also included the instituting defensive wall. While the second chapter has focused on fortresses, castles, towers, towns and other military architectural installations that existed before the Islamic conquest, which was built after the conquest. This study sought to trace the construction of architectural military installations in Andalusia during the Arab Islamic rule of Andalusia.

The topic of establishing cities by the Moroccan rulers includes studying the rulers , efforts in Islamic conquests and stabilities which were results of military campaigns there . In addition , the study is also about being familiar with the rulers strategic ideology in choosing the lo cations of cities which were established such as Girawan and Tunisia . such cities are comoatable to the conditions and requirements of cities planning . Besides , the impact of these cities on the cultural aspects and their related religious, social and military facilities.

Italian Nationalist Preserved uniting their efforts until the end of the 19 th Century , to Work toward urging Successive Italian governments to build the national Country of Italy . The study tackled the historical role of the political life in Italy starting with its unity, the origin of the national doctrine and its development, the position of the Catholic Church from the movement of modernity and the colonial movement, and the role of civil national movements. The research also tackled the role of universities in building modern national thought, Modern Catholic parties, and the role of the Italian press in influencing the position of Catholics in the adoption of national thought. The research also included a set of results and a list of sources and margins.

The problem of the hijab, which has spread in the country of Assyria without us from the rest of Mesopotamia, is a puzzle that stirred in our hearts and that I should look into this matter, and try to clarify and reveal the reasons that made the country of Assyria impose the veil on women. Through the research we tried to ask questions about the reasons for the spread of the veil in Assyria, as well as shed light on the external and internal factors that led to the wearing of women's Assyrian veil, I first began to define the veil terminology in the language and what it means, as well as other words and terms that It gives a similar meaning to the hijab, and we have shown the difference between wearing the hijab from urban women and rural women.

The propaganda the common the political poisoning the brainwashing the terrorism and the economic war are the most prominent features of the current era. Traditional and digital means of propaganda have become important tools in the wars that take place against terrorism. The behavior of an organization that is practiced by those who are killed and tortured in horrible ways are actions And the media and propaganda institutions that stand in the face of radical thought its work is limited to the theoretical aspects and in any case ordinary people are victims of psychological warfare methods so P The International Conference on Psychological Operations held by the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers in Baghdad 2015 was based on two variables in this area, namely:
‏The first variable is the tremendous development in the world of information and information technology and the ability to exploit it in war from terrorist states, groups and gangs.
‏The second variable: the establishment of a supportive organization on the psychological side in the spread of panic, fear anxiety illusion and anarchism among civilians and the direction of military forces as well and amplify the imagination and portraying its elements as if able to do anything and anywhere and time and focuses on the victory is not the number of those killed
‏Who are afraid, and has organized an advocacy of the process of mastery of the promotion of many rumors through the media including social networking sites a serious process is part of the psychological war carried out by this organization taking advantage of advanced media technologies and ease of communication and dissemination of digital media His actions and his applications in spreading lies and circulating among the thousands of accounts advocating for the organization. The actions of this intellectual advocate prompted many judges and jurists to launch a warning of a focused focus on spreading the rumors electronically and considered these acts as crimes that harm the security of the country .

The press articles and columns published in the websites of newspapers , a daily published in Iraq, which Thoudy daily follow -up of the Iraqi public of the important means contributing to the awareness of the people in the concept of political reform inciting and work out, so it seeks research study Iraqi newspapers ALSabah trends, ALadalla, ALMashreq , ALTakee towards those established, as researcher follow the survey method - style content analysis and comparison of the results of each of these newspapers with each statement of interest in each of which the various topics of political reform and types in genera , which Maimthel the main categories of Lth Yale, and the attention of each special topics that represent the sub - categories that emerged from the main categories, this research seeks to identify trends in Iraqi newspapers ALSabah trends, ALadalla, ALMashreq , ALTakee, for a period of 1/4 to 30/6/2016,and research found interesting Al - Sabah and the ALadalla of constitutional reform, in exchange for the attention of the newspapers Mashreq and the ALTakee of financial and administrative reform, while the reform of the government 's performance has been interested in it from my newspaper Al- Sabah and the Levant, while we did not find widespread attention security and societal reform due to the coming of the ranks late in the research community in total.

The study seeks to explain the impact of social media advertising (Facebook) on the decision to buy the Iraqi public, as a result of the spread of this site, and give a scientific explanation of the impact of the site (Facebook) in this direction.
This study comes within the descriptive research that uses the survey method and by default on the same sample of the city of Sulaymaniyah number (100) single.
The researcher adopted the observation and questionnaire as the main tools for data collection, and the research section into four topics. The first topic was devoted to the methodological framework of the research. The second topic dealt with the declaration and stages of development. The third topic was devoted to the social networks. The fourth topic included the applied study. The study of the results of the most important: that advertising through social networks (Facebook) does not contribute significantly to the decision-making of the purchase of the Iraqi public, and the results proved that the declaration can achieve the desire of the public in the exposure to technology goods Speaking mobile telephony,. And computers.

Iraq has been subjected to many forced displacement during the last four decades, many citizens have been forced to leave their homes and regions for many reasons.
The causes of these displacements have had a number of negative effects on their social, economic and political situation. Despite all the efforts made by governmental, non-governmental and international organizations to mitigate the effects of this displacement on individuals, many of them are still affected by displacement and suffer social and economic conditions, and seeking an everlasting solution for their dilemma. Therefore, the issue of social integration of the displaced in the new societies is one of the first concerns of all concerned. The researchers, have the responsibility to look into the new situation of the displaced, their future and the process of integration with new communities, and to identify the most important requirements of the determinants of that process, and to reach effective solutions that may alleviate some of the suffering of those losing their societal security and public migration to new environments.
The research has four chapters; the first chapter deals with the reference framework, and the second chapter with the theoretical framework while the third chapter has the methodological framework of the study. Finally the fourth chapter presents and analyzes the results of the field study.

The present study aims at analyzing the most prominent societal factors leading to the terrorism's culture among the Iraqi young people, and what are the sources of the aggravation and increasing of this phenomenon? Who gets benefit of it? What are its societal dimensions? And how we can draw a social policy to put an end to the societal risks and achieve the human security? All these cases will be analyzed through theoretical, methodological and applied frameworks. The researcher adopted the analytical descriptive method through some field evidences, adopting the social survey method, the sample method besides the method of studying the situation and the focus group. The researcher adopted a sample of (200) young men and women from different cities of Al Anbar province. In addition, the researcher studied a group of cases that were involved in the organization of ISIS. These interviews were done with their families and their close friends. Besides, the focus group method was adopted with groups of young people who witnessed that period. The researcher interviewed officers of the local police and army. All these means helped the researcher to identify the most prominent factors that leaded the young people to involve in the terrorist organization of ISIS, which were personal, familial, economic, psychological and religious, as well as societal risks that have aggravated after the crisis of ISIS. In order to put an end to these challenges, the researcher adopted a reformist approach by drawing a suitable social policy that minimizes the terrorism's risk on human security of the society.

The problem and the threat it feels like our Arab societies is not in the concept of globalization as an idea, but how they are in the application, the main fear of domination of the United States as a superpower at the moment, as I understand a lot of researchers, concerned that the fall of the old models requires understanding Find a theoretical framework coherent allows them to describe and interpret the complex world in which we live in, that globalization is a phenomenon of the times and by virtue of a holistic community dimensions and depth effects became her case raises a sensation among researchers and (decision-makers), including the term and the concept and manifestations and content, means and goals. Our research aims to shed light on the following: identification of societal dimensions of the globalization of work. And the positive effects that could be used in the case of dealing cautiously with them, and to identify the negative effects of this phenomenon .tdmn Find five sections, take the first part, the general framework of the search while taking second part, the methodological framework for the search, the third topic: the repercussions of globalization on the labor market, eating The fourth topic: the social dimension of the globalization of work and accept fifth topic: the economic dimension of the globalization of work and finally concluded Find a summary

The study aims to investigate the effect of Pintrich Model on the students' academic achievement and generative thinking of the fourth preparatory literary grade in Arabic grammar subject, the researchers adopted the experimental method, they used partial adjustment experimental design for the experimental and control groups, they also selected the sample randomly, 27 students for the experimental group, and 27 students for the control group. To achieve the aim of the study, the researchers designed the requirements of the study by identifying the scientific material, and designed 21 behavioral goals in light of Bloom’s taxonomy for the cognitive domain, and designed 14 lesson plans for the both groups, and built the instruments of the study represented by the achievement test and generative thinking test. The results revealed that there is significant difference at (α ≥ 0.05) between the means of the two groups and for the favor of the experimental group that has been taught via Pintrich Model in the post achievement test and the generative thinking post-test.

The study aims at revealing the effect of using thinking maps in visual thinking for the fourth preparatory female students ( literary branch) in the Holy Quran and Islamic Education subject. To achieve the aim, the researchers adopted the semi-empirical approach. The Directorate of Education of Anbar was selected to represent the population of the study. The researchers chosen Al-Shaimaa Preparatory School for girls in Hiet district as a sample of the study. The participants were 50 female students distributed into two equal groups. The first group was the experimental which taught by Thinking Maps strategy, and the second group was the control, and taught by conventional method. The instrument was visual thinking test, which consisted of 35 items according to the visual thinking skills. The researchers conducted all the statistical analysis for all items. It was revealed to be valid and reliable (78%) according to Kuder and Richardson formula (20). After preparing the instructional plans (14), and finishing the instructional processes, the researchers gathered the data of the study and analyzed them statistically via T-test of two equal and independent samples. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in the visual thinking posttest in favor of the experimental group.
In light of the result, some suggestions and recommendations

The current research aims to identify the Impact of the separate cognition strategy in the achievement of literature and texts and their retention by fifth grade secondary students. To achieve the research objective, tt is hypothesized:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the achievement average of students in the experimental group studying literature and texts in accordance with the strategy of separate cognition and achievement average of students in the control group who study the same material in the usual way.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the achievement average of the experimental group that studies literature and texts in accordance with the strategy of separate perception and the achievement average of control group that studies the same items in the retention test.
To achieve these hypotheses, It is adopted that an experimental design with partial control of two groups; one experimental and the other is the research participants who are the fifth grade secondary students in the schools of the General Directorate of Education in Anbar. In order to determine the sample of the study, the researcher chose purposefully Al-Mughira Bin Shu'aba secondary school for males. The study sample, consisted of 60 participants, was randomly divided equally into two groups, the first is the experimental and the second is the control. An achievement test was adopted to be consisting of (45) multiple test paragraphs. The study has been proved and controlled for reliability and validity. Discrimination coefficient and difficulty factor were calculated. After (8) weeks completing the teaching of the specific subjects according to the plans of the two groups, the test was applied on the sample and re-applied after two weeks to measure the retention of materials.

The study investigates the effect of an instructional listening program on Secondary students\' listening achievement. The aim of the study is to train the students how to practice listening activities and become good listeners, to train the learners how to use listening strategies before, during, and after listening to topics. Pre-posttests were used to collect the data of the study. The participants were 71 male students (chosen randomly) from 5th secondary grade at Al-Ameria Secondary school for boys. The students were set in to two groups: experimental and control groups. The instructional program has carried out in five weeks. The researchers have assessed the students by discussing their self-observation and team-teaching reports and provide feedback. The results revealed that there is a positive effect of the instructional program on students\' listening achievements.

A knowledge management is a modern management concept that has a great impact on the level of managerial skills of employs in educational institutions, that is a search problem and a importance to the researcher in the need for individuals to possess both these skills and Knowledge, which is discussed in the research problem and its importance that there addition to identifying the relationship between them, The theoretical aspect and the previous studies related to the subject of the research, were also discussed, and the research community of (550) employees in Directorate Nation breeding Baghdad was obtained a sample consisting of (113) employees and (20%). Then the researcher built and prepared the research tools and then address the honesty and persistence before the application, and then the researcher came out with a number of results for the research and developed a number of proposals and recommendations for research.

Pride is a conscious passion that may be expressed verbally and thermally, it finds in to the social environment a womb for it's birth and a scene to express it . It is one of the human passions that activates life and colours it, it is also related to many psychological phenomena, such as psychological security , which is known as the feeling of an individual with peace , safety and acceptance of it's past , present and future . The recent research has aimed at finding the relation between pride and the psychological safety the university students, and in achieving the aims of the research, the researcher has constructed a scale for measuring pride and another scale for measuring the psychological security After extracting their validity, reliability and the discrimination strength of their points . the researcher has applied them on a sample of (200) university student who were chosen randomly, and the researcher has concluded that, the sample not characterized by pride, and that their psychological security is weak, and that there is a relationship between pride and psychological security . Therefore, the researcher has recommended in providing activities that contribute to true perception of an individual, and dispelling feelings of isolation and lonliness and anxiety that causes poor sense of psychological security and a study concerning the relation of pride with other psychological variables such as altruism, the capacity of achievement and aggression .