Journal of Education for Humanities

This research seeks to address a set of doctrinal questions related to the religious intellectual aspect, which has established a large body of studies and books on interfaith dialogue. These books and dialogues have often been silent on these questions. After the technological advancements witnessed by the world and the emergence of the age of artificial intelligence, these software programs have reconsidered these questions, which has sparked our interest in gathering what relates to the religious aspect of interfaith dialogue, which has been problematic for many. We have sought to benefit from these questions, which have appeared in several applications based on posing questions through artificial intelligence programs. We have taken from them and discussed them to establish the research idea, which will later develop in the applied field in separate studies. The researcher himself has promised to complete them in line with current electronic and technological developments. The study is based on a set of hypotheses, perhaps the most important of which are:
Can we rely on machines to determine our beliefs, ideologies, and customs?
Can inputs vary depending on the region, country, user, or even gender, and thus the results may differ?
Can electronic programs conduct a social survey? A method of social research in which the steps of the scientific method are applied practically to the study of a phenomenon, social problem, or specific social conditions prevailing in a geographic area. This allows the researcher to obtain all the information that depics the various aspects of the phenomenon under study. Consequently, does this survey affect the nature of the answers the researcher will receive?
Can judgment be objective, especially since we view it as a machine, and this machine may be directed by its creator? Can the machine rebel against it and provide correct and clear answers, free from dependency and ideology, regardless of its intent? This is what the study will attempt to explore.

In recent years, the world has witnessed tremendous development in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, creating new and exciting opportunities to enhance various sectors, including education and learning. Education is one of the fields that can significantly benefit from artificial intelligence, as it provides innovative tools to improve teaching quality and achieve better educational outcomes. By employing AI in education, the research objectives are defined as follows:
1. To identify the role of artificial intelligence in teaching methods.
2. To explore some examples of AI applications in the process of education and learning.
Accordingly, the research addresses theoretical concepts related to the definition of artificial intelligence, its applications, and how it can be utilized in teaching methods. It discusses how teachers can enhance the learning experience using AI applications, providing more effective personalized education (self-directed learning) and reducing the administrative burden faced by educators.
In this study, we arrive at answers through the analysis and conclusions drawn from the theoretical concepts of the research topic regarding the role of artificial intelligence in teaching methods and how it can improve the educational process through its applications used by both teachers and learners. Additionally, the research reviews the key benefits and challenges associated with AI, including personal data analysis, content modification, adaptive learning systems, real-time performance analysis, instant feedback, diverse educational experiences, and learning pattern analysis, among others.
The researchers recommend, based on the findings of the study, the necessity of using artificial intelligence and its applications in the educational process and incorporating them into teaching methods. They also suggest establishing multiple comprehensive training courses on AI applications for both teachers and learners, focusing on how to train and practice using educational AI applications.

The current research aims to identify the impact of art criticism on developing the perceived self-efficacy of art education department students in the drawing subject. To achieve this goal, the following hypotheses were formulated:
The research results indicate the effectiveness of the program presented to art education department students in developing perceived self-efficacy for the experimental group. The program contributed significantly to increasing perceived self-efficacy in While no change occurred in the control group, the researcher attributes the change in the experimental group to the clear response to the program by the research sample, which contributed to the change in the experimental group.
1- The program was designed according to the requirements of the study and the needs of the sample, making it compatible with their abilities.
2- Training in artistic criticism is of great importance in developing students' perceived self-efficacy.
3- The researcher's experience in the field of art education considers art criticism as one of the methods for demonstrating a student's self-efficacy. The results also revealed no statistically significant differences between the control group and the pre-test, i.e., before and after the program was implemented. This is due to the fact that the control group did not undergo the training program for the current study.

In the thought of Malek Bennabi, the concepts of da'wah (Islamic call) and education are fundamental pillars of the civilizational revival project. They are closely tied to his holistic vision of building both the individual and the Muslim society. Here are the key features of these concepts within his thought:
Da'wah Not merely religious preaching: Malek Bennabi does not see da'wah as merely missionary or sermonic work, but as a comprehensive process aimed at awakening the conscience of the nation and stimulating collective awareness.
Linked to liberation and civilizational transformation: True da'wah, in his view, means moving individuals from a state of dependency and backwardness to one of effectiveness and civilizational presence.
A call to thought and action: He believes that da'wah should go beyond slogans; it must instill in the recipient the ability to think, a love of work, and the will to bring about change.

The Holy Quran calls upon humanity to cultivate and invest in the earth in a way that benefits all, making urbanization a foundational governing value that reflects the human role in stewardship and the development of the earth according to a balanced divine methodology. This value highlights the importance of integrating both material and spiritual development to achieve comprehensive growth. Urbanization, as explained in the Quran, is not merely a process of physical development and construction but rather a holistic system that requires sustainable development and the advancement of human values. Through a stewardship-centered vision, it urges humans to reflect on their role as caretakers of the earth. Additionally, urbanization plays a central role in realizing concepts and values such as stewardship, subjugation of resources, empowerment, labor, and human civilization. These values complement each other to direct human efforts toward fulfilling the true meaning of stewardship on earth.The relationship between urbanization and humankind is intrinsically linked to the fundamental mission of humans as stewards of the earth. God has assigned them this responsibility to work and build—not as a means of domination or oppression but rather to maintain balance and protect the earth. This responsibility requires diligent effort and a balance between the needs of the soul and the body to achieve the well-being of humanity.

The research aims to study the reality of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries as a study of regional geography through studying the emergence and development of the Gulf Cooperation Council and studying the natural and human factors affecting this region. In addition, it studies economic activity and knows the strengths and weaknesses of the economies of these countries by presenting a current picture and the extent of the influence of these countries on their surroundings.
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) consists of six countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain. It was established to achieve coordination, integration, and interconnectedness among member states in all fields, achieving unity and deepening and consolidating existing ties, connections, and cooperation between their peoples in various fields. It also aims to establish similar systems in various economic, financial, commercial, customs, and other economic activities, and to advance scientific and technological progress in various economic fields by establishing scientific research centers, .establishing joint projects, and encouraging private sector cooperation

Bullying has become a widespread, daily phenomenon experienced by all members of society due to the wars and economic crises that Iraqi society has been exposed to for decades and that continue to this day. This phenomenon has spread to include children and adults, individuals and groups. School bullying is sometimes a continuation of domestic violence, and the exposure of primary school students to school violence in its various forms affects their personalities, especially in the psychological aspects. School violence has appeared in a striking manner, indicating the existence of a growing problem that has its repercussions and effects on society and the progress of the educational process within the school in general, and in the classroom in particular. Lack of respect for the teacher, lack of compliance with instructions, and engaging in aggressive behaviors towards others, and various negative student behaviors in the classroom have become familiar phenomena that the teacher faces. The lack of attention of students and their preoccupation with disruptive and annoying behaviors within the classroom causes a lot of educational time to be lost during the period, and causes the teacher to be preoccupied with curbing this work using methods that harm the progress of the educational process, as it can lead to distorted forms of relationships and behaviors and produce patterns of personalities that are psychologically and emotionally disturbed, which necessarily leads to the reproduction of bullying, whether within the school. Or in other social institutions. Therefore, the research aimed to identify 1- bullying among primary school students. 2- Differences in bullying among primary school students according to the gender variable (males - females). After the researchers built a scale to identify bullying among primary school students. The scale was applied to (400) male and female students, and after statistical processing, the following results were reached. 1- The presence of bullying behavior among primary school students. 2- The presence of bullying behavior among primary school students according to the gender variable and in favor of males. Then the researchers put forward proposals and recommendations for this dangerous phenomenon.

Climate change has had profound effects on agricultural production, directly affecting food security in various parts of the world. Climate change, which includes changes in planting seasons and increased climate instability, has had a significant impact on traditional agricultural practices. The problem of the study was represented by the change in the impact of climate change. Climate factors affect the production of agricultural crops and animal husbandry. His hypothesis was that climate change affected all its elements, from rising temperatures and low rainfall, which increases pressure on water resources. The study showed that the impact of climate change and global warming led to the extinction of living organisms through their infection with diseases, which affects their production and distribution.

Diplomatic international law is one of the most prominent regulatory tools that regulate relations between states and is facing increasing challenges due to rapid technological developments, especially in the field of digital immunity. This research aims to study the impact of technological developments on digital immunity and how states deal with the challenges to this protection under modern international laws. The research discusses how new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data may pose new challenges to the ability of states to protect privacy. Finally, the paper offers potential solutions to develop a unified international legal framework that is flexible and responsive to ongoing technological developments.

Praise be to God, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of God. To proceed: The Holy Qur'an is the Book of God, whose knowledge is inexhaustible. The era of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) witnessed the interpretation of some of its verses, according to the needs of the Companions (may God be pleased with them). They would ask the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when they encountered a difficult meaning in the Qur'an. This laid the foundation for Qur'anic interpretation and represented the first stage of interpretation. The Companions then inherited interpretation from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The methods and tools of the Companions in spreading interpretation varied from the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Scholars among the Successors (Tabi'un) also became famous for their interpretation. They spoke about interpretation and adopted new methods and approaches for disseminating knowledge through their travels to various regions. Schools of interpretation were established in these regions, their teachers being the Companions and Successors, and their students being the Successors of the Successors. A school of interpretation was established in Mecca, another in Medina, and a third in Iraq, marking the second stage. Each generation had its own style and methods, catering to the needs of the people of their time. The third stage of interpretation is the stage of following the followers. The fourth stage is the stage of branching out, where interpretation became famous based on the interpreter's interest and brilliance. Thus, there was the rhetorical interpretation, the jurisprudential interpretation, and the linguistic interpretation. Then came the modern era, the era of renewal, and among the reasons for this renewal, and in this era also, technology is evolving and playing a major role in the life of the Muslim, including the era of artificial intelligence. Therefore, artificial intelligence must be employed in the service of Islamic sciences, especially the sciences of interpretation and jurisprudence

Climate has a dual impact on the tourism industry. It directly impacts tourism activities and promotion, providing tourists with the opportunity to enjoy the sunshine or benefit from mountain, valley, and desert breezes. It also has an indirect impact, such as limiting tourism activity, particularly during the winter in areas with extreme cold or heat. Therefore, the tourism climate represents a significant investment opportunity if properly utilized to stimulate tourism. Hence, the close relationship between climate, tourism, and the tourist, as well as the psychological comfort they experience, is evident. This is something that many seek in their daily lives and may not find due to work pressures and commitments. Therefore, tourism has a clear impact on psychological comfort, and the significant impact that the tourism climate has on stimulating tourism and attracting tourists is well known. Tourism is one of the requirements of the present time, as it produces more positive than negative effects and a distinguished role in making the tourist feel psychologically comfortable, in addition to developing the national economy, reducing the unemployment rate and stimulating trade activity between the two countries. It is impossible to imagine a civilized country without tourism, without tourist facilities and without various tourist goods and services, which play a role in satisfying the needs, desires and tastes of the tourist, as they satisfy his inclinations and desires according to what the tourist desires and aspires to achieve in terms of psychological comfort.

The current research aims to explore women's upbringing in the Prophetic Sunnah (an analytical study). This is achieved by examining the most prominent Prophetic hadiths on women's upbringing, and by focusing on the implications of the Prophetic Sunnah. This is intended to enlighten minds in our Arab-Islamic society and other human societies about the status of women in the Islamic faith and how to educate them to build a family that pleases Allah (Exalted be He) and achieve His pleasure. Furthermore, this research aims to educate societies about the concept of women's upbringing. Furthermore, it highlights the most important areas of women's upbringing in the Prophetic Sunnah, such as spiritual, devotional, jurisprudential, educational, moral, social, psychological, and emotional aspects, as well as the recreational sphere of Muslim women, and how to care for all their rights and regulate their duties toward their religion, self, family, and society, as well as their image in the eyes of other Western societies.

The study included the meaning of implication and transitivity of the verb by letters, verbs and implication of Imam Al-Nasafi and the places of inclusion in his interpretation of (perceptions of revelation and the secrets of interpretation), and a statement of the method and method of Imam Al-Nasafi in presenting the places of inclusion. The meaning of affirmation, and just as the interpreter explicitly mentioned inclusion in his interpretation.

The entire world has seen digital transformation become a strategic component of national economies. Furthermore, most countries have made security awareness a fundamental component for employees, regardless of their specialization. This is due to the increased use of technology in the workplace and the adoption of electronic systems. A booklet that can be used to explain the basics of cybersecurity enables job applicants in this field to gain information and develop their knowledge in this field.
Cybersecurity is a vital issue that significantly impacts individuals and societies in the digital age. With increasing reliance on the internet and technology across all sectors, society faces increasing threats from cyberattacks aimed at stealing personal data, committing financial fraud, or destroying digital infrastructure.
These attacks significantly impact individuals, potentially leading to a loss of confidence in the use of technology, increasing anxiety and psychological stress. On a social level, cyberattacks contribute to the erosion of trust between individuals and institutions, hindering social interaction and affecting societal stability.
The economic impact of these attacks is also significant, with businesses and governments incurring significant losses due to service disruptions and business disruptions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective security strategies and tools, as well as enhance community awareness, to ensure the protection of individuals and society from growing digital threats.
Results: Increased security threats: The study showed that cyber attacks are increasing significantly, threatening both individuals and organizations and leading to significant economic losses.
Recommendations: Enhance digital awareness/encourage the use of security tools.

The aim of this study was to identify the level of information awareness and its relationship with psychological adjustment among students of the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Mosul, considering the variables of gender (male/female) and academic year (second/fourth). To achieve this objective, the researchers formulated seven research questions. The study population consisted of students enrolled in the College of Education for Humanities during the academic year 2022–2023. The sample comprised 256 randomly selected students from the Departments of Educational and Psychological Sciences and Geography within the College.
To fulfill the research objectives, the researchers developed an Information Awareness Scale, finalized with 27 items, each followed by five response options. The Psychological Adjustment Scale prepared by Al-Farjani (2021) was adopted, consisting of 50 items with three response alternatives. Both instruments were reviewed by a panel of experts to ensure content validity. Subsequently, the researchers verified the validity, discrimination, and reliability of the two scales.
The scales were administered to the sample members, and after data collection and statistical analysis using appropriate statistical methods, the following results were obtained:
1. Students of the College of Education for Humanities generally possess a good level of information awareness.
2. No statistically significant differences were found in information awareness levels based on gender or academic year.
3. Students exhibit a moderate degree of psychological adjustment.
4. No statistically significant differences were found in psychological adjustment levels according to gender (male/female) or academic year (second/fourth).
5. A statistically significant positive correlation exists between information awareness and psychological adjustment.
The researchers concluded that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between information awareness and psychological adjustment; as information awareness increases, so does psychological adjustment. The study further offered several recommendations and proposals for future research.

This research was conducted at the University of Mosul / College of Education for Pure Sciences, and it aimed to identify the effectiveness of the CASE model enhanced with planning organizers in the acquisition of biological concepts by second-grade intermediate students. The sample consisted of (134) male and female students from the second-grade intermediate level in secondary schools for displaced persons in the city of Duhok, distributed into four equivalent groups: two experimental groups (taught using the model enhanced with planning organizers) and two control groups (taught using the traditional method).
To achieve the research goal and test its hypotheses, the researchers prepared a biological concepts test consisting of (30) objective items of two types: matching and multiple-choice, distributed across three concept components (definition, example, application). After assigning the two subject teachers in the two schools, the research experiment was implemented at the beginning of the first semester of the academic year (2024–2025). At the end of the experiment, the tool was applied post-test, and the data were then collected and statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA.
The results indicated:
• There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of biological concept acquisition among the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental groups.
• There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of concept acquisition among individuals in the experimental and control groups according to the gender variable, nor an interaction between the two variables.
In light of the results, the researchers drew a number of conclusions, presented several recommendations, and suggested titles for future research.

The presence of the city in the memory of the poets in general and in the memory of Nizar Qabbani in particular is one of the most important factors for the poet poetry and evoking memories, which reveal the relationship of the poet to the place to talk to him after that place left an impact on the psyche of the poet between sadness, joy and wishful It carries events that inhabited in the poems of poets, and to define issues of love, homeland, nature and other topics present in the poetic text regarding the city to share the reader (the recipient) in producing the text by deciphering the blades of the symbols Who enables the city from its impurities and made it free from chaos and took it for the space of intellectual creativity, to make stories of heroism, struggle, liberation and women an obsession that inhabits the city's alleys, and the research plan has gone on a simplified lighting regarding the biography of Nizar Qabbani and how we were personified by Arab poetry for the roots of the city with all its faces, to take the first demand to search for the city's representations in various issues that the poet Let the second requirement come and start the struggle of roles between the city and the woman.

This research emphasizes the necessity of regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the field of education in accordance with Islamic values and principles. In the age of rapid digital transformation, AI has become a powerful tool for enhancing teaching and learning methods. However, ethical and religious concerns demand the establishment of clear frameworks for responsible and secure use. The study explores Islamic principles such as justice, privacy, intention, and integrity, and demonstrates how these can be applied when integrating AI into educational environments. It also proposes a set of guidelines to ensure respect for human dignity and to avoid practices that may lead to bias or compromise educational values. The research aims to foster critical awareness among educators and policymakers about how to adopt AI in education within a framework that respects the cultural and religious identity of the society.

This research examines polygamy in the Banu Abd al-Muttalib clan during the prophetic era, influenced by religious, cultural, economic, and social factors. It was not limited merely to personal desire, but played an important role in societal stability and strengthening alliances within it.
After conducting an approximate statistical analysis using artificial intelligence applications on the system of marriage relations and polygamy within the Banu Abd al-Muttalib clan, the number of marriages was estimated as follows: at least 25-30 known marriages among the men of Banu Abd al-Muttalib, taking into consideration that some men married more than once. This statistic includes only known historical figures, and the actual number is likely much larger if all members of the clanthroughout the ages were to be counted.

The evil eye is an important topic in Islamic heritage, as many hadiths have been narrated that confirm the effect of the evil eye as a real disease, and explain the legitimate means of treatment in the modern era. Artificial intelligence techniques can be employed to study these hadiths, analyze their chains of transmission and texts, and classify them according to strength and weakness. This research, entitled: (A Hadith Study of the Hadiths on the Evil Eye: Disease and Treatment Using Artificial Intelligence) On the hadiths related to the evil eye and its role as a cause of spiritual and physical harm, and methods of prevention and treatment by collecting them from books of texts, and explaining the legal controls for treatment with incantations and supplications.

This research aims to investigate the reality of using artificial intelligence applications in university education from the perspective of faculty members, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and proposed solutions to overcome the associated obstacles. A descriptive approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was designed that included three main axes: the first addressed the potential benefits of artificial intelligence applications in university education; the second focused on the risks facing this use; and the third focused on proposed solutions to address these challenges. The questionnaire was administered to 176 faculty members. The results identified a number of benefits that contribute to improving the quality of education, including enhancing interaction, providing educational environments more adaptable to student needs, and supporting academic evaluation and follow-up processes. Among the most prominent risks identified by the results were overreliance on technology, in addition to challenges related to infrastructure and the ethics of using artificial intelligence in the educational process. The research concluded with several recommendations, including the need to develop a clear strategic plan to integrate these technologies into university education and to work on developing the digital infrastructure by providing smart devices and interactive platforms that support e-learning. Developing the digital competencies of faculty members through training programs focused on practical aspects and digital ethics, enabling them to employ AI as a supportive, rather than a dominant, tool. Integrating academic courses that prepare students and faculty members to understand the mechanisms of AI and its societal impacts, with a focus on the critical aspects of its uses.

1. Identify the perspectives of university professors on the application of artificial intelligence in higher education.2. Investigate the statistically significant differences in the perspectives of university professors on the application of artificial intelligence in higher education according to the variable of gender (male-female)The researcher verified the reliability by calculating the internal consistency of the correlations using the Cronbach's alpha formula. The responses of the statistical analysis sample were used to calculate the reliability, which reached (0.89), indicating a good reliability coefficient.The researcher constructed a scale consisting of (26) items using the Likert scale method with a five-point gradation. The highest score for the respondent was (130) and the lowest score was (26), with a hypothetical mean of (78).The t-test for one sample was used, and the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference at the (0.05) between the mean of the sample and the hypothetical mean of the questionnaire (78). The calculated t-value was greater than the tabulated t-value (1.96) with a degree of freedom (199). The arithmetic mean for the male sample was (122.198) with a standard deviation of (6.35645), while for females, it was (121.989) with a standard deviation of (4.3658). To identify the statistically significant differences between the responses of males and females on the questionnaire, the t-test for two independent samples was used. The results showed statistically significant differences (0.05) between the responses of males and females, with the calculated t-value being greater than the tabulated t-value (1.96) with a degree of freedom (198).`

It has become clear and well-known to everyone that change is a constant feature. However, this change has begun to accelerate, altering the trajectories of many countries. This has placed many of these countries in a state of constant alert and vigilance against any potential developments aimed at controlling and dominating their capabilities and potential, which position them at the forefront of progress. The foundation behind all developments is how to invest and conserve natural resources. Environmental management, at its core, is the conscious use of resources to meet our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This includes protecting the natural world, ensuring that practices and customs do not adversely affect ecosystems, and making deliberate efforts to preserve and protect them.
Environmental management and sustainability are key to human well-being, both now and in the future. Environmental management is about balancing our needs with the needs of the world around us. This means making informed decisions that protect our natural resources and ensure they continue to thrive and support life on Earth into the distant future. The only way to reverse climate change and avoid climate disasters is to live in harmony with nature. Environmental conservation is a collective responsibility.

This study aims to shed light on the significant advancements in technology and artificial intelligence (AI) over recent decades and the exceptional opportunities these advancements have provided across various fields, including the analysis of rhetorical and literary texts. Arabic texts, particularly the Quran and classical Arabic literature, are distinguished by their artistic richness and diverse rhetorical techniques, making them a fertile ground for analysis . The research seeks to explore how AI can be harnessed to analyze these texts and measure the accuracy of such technologies in detecting rhetorical imagery and stylistic devices. The importance of this study lies in its contribution to simplifying rhetorical text analysis, supporting the comprehension of classical Arabic, and enhancing the educational process by providing interactive tools that help students grasp rhetoric more easily. The study’s objectives include: Identifying the most prominent AI techniques used in text analysis. Exploring the mechanisms of applying these techniques to analyze the rhetoric of the Quran and Arabic literature. Evaluating the effectiveness of AI in detecting and analyzing rhetorical imagery.

A family relationship based on mutual understanding and respect between the two parties, and built on solid foundations rooted in Islam, creates a nurturing social environment for its children, in which they grow up socially and healthily.
Unlike relationships based on disagreements and quarrels, which lead to conflicts in the children's personalities and psychological disorders, which in turn affect their social development and adaptation to the surrounding environment.
The relationship between parents and the family ties that unite them play an effective role in creating a family atmosphere filled with love, reassurance, security, and affection. This positively impacts aspects of a child's personality, fosters family harmony between parents, and their agreement on parenting methods for dealing with their children.
Personality is not born with the individual, but rather is formed and gradually develops with him through the influence of the family and his interaction with the social environment in which he grows up. One of the first social institutions that society finds is the family.

If it is sound, it receives its first lessons in self-confidence, self-reliance, courage, acceptance, tolerance, sacrifice, concern for the affairs of others, respect for others, and cooperation with them.

The study deals with the topic of "the specificity of criminal responsibility in child rental crimes and its legal effects", in light of the seriousness of this crime on children, and therefore it has become one of the most serious crimes that humanity suffers from in the world, especially in recent times, and this crime is characterized by being cross-border and continental, and the criminal activities of this crime are claimed to be practiced by emperors and criminal gangs that have their own danger, which has included it as one of the forms of organized crime, as well as the expansion of the scope of its criminal activity, so it has become practiced in a more organized manner and with high technology in all its forms, manifestations and methods in light of technical and technological progress.
Therefore, the study has great legal importance targeting criminal treatment towards confronting child trafficking crimes and addressing their seriousness, because it relates to one of the first categories of care and attention in society, which prompted the Iraqi legislator, like other positive legislations, to adopt legislative policies aimed at addressing the seriousness of this crime, and this commitment also derives its legal basis, in addition to the legislative organization, what international documents have settled on.
We divided our study into three sections. In the first section, we dealt with criminal responsibility for child trafficking crimes. Then, in the second section, we discussed the elements of criminal responsibility required to hold a person accountable for child trafficking crimes. As for the third and final section, we reviewed the effects of criminal responsibility related to child trafficking crimes.

The current research aims to identify the effective role of using historical stories (an analytical study) as an educational tool in enhancing the cultural level of history department students. Historical stories are an enjoyable and engaging method that enables students to interact with historical events and understand them in their temporal and social context more deeply. It also demonstrates how historical stories can contribute to developing students' cultural and historical awareness, enhancing their analytical and critical skills.
The research relies on a descriptive analytical approach, by distributing questionnaires to a sample of history department students and analyzing their opinions on the extent to which they benefited from historical stories in understanding course materials and expanding their cultural awareness. This study was conducted in Iraq, at the College of Basic Education at the University of Kirkuk. The research aims to:
1. Reveal the positive impact of using historical stories in raising the cultural level of history department students in the College of Basic Education.
2. Identify the requirements necessary for the successful use of historical stories to enhance the cultural level of students in the same department.
The research was limited to a sample of history department students in the College of Education for the 2024-2025 academic year. The questionnaire was used as the primary tool for collecting data, after ensuring its validity and reliability. It was then administered to the primary study sample. The researchers used several statistical methods to analyze the data, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, weighted mean, and percentage weight.
The study results identified a set of aspects that confirm the importance of using historical stories to raise students' cultural awareness, as well as the basic requirements for the success of this process. All of these aspects exceeded the hypothetical weighted mean.
At the conclusion of the study, a set of recommendations and suggestions were presented that would enhance the effectiveness of using historical stories as an educational tool in school curricula.

The current research aims to identify the ethics of the educational guidance profession among educational counselors and the degree of commitment to it in light of some variables. The research sample consisted of (127) male and female counselors, (67) male counselors and (60) female counselors in Basra Governorate. The research tool was constructed, consisting of (31) paragraphs. The researcher established validity and reliability for it. The evaluation scale was three-dimensional (applies = 3), (sometimes applies = 2), (does not apply = 1). The questionnaire consisted of three areas: the first area (the counselor's relationship with his profession), the second area (the counselor's relationship with his colleagues), and the third area (the counselor's relationship with his community). The results of the study were interpreted after using the statistical package (SPSS). The researcher reached the following results:
1- There are differences according to the gender variable, attributed to the benefit of male counselors.
2- The existence of differences according to years of experience is attributed to the benefit of male guides who have served them for more than 12 years. The researcher reached a set of recommendations, including interest in enriching training programs for guides with professional ethics, as training is an important element in increasing the sensitivity of the guide to ethical matters, which leads to improving the level of ethical performance

The current research aims to identify the level of Evaluation of the Guide for English Language Teachers for Sixth Primary Grade in the Light of some variables (gender, qualification), The sample consisted of (190) male and female for the academic year 2022-2023. They were selected according to a suitable stratified random sample (10%) of the total population , In order to achieve the goal of the research and answer its questions, the researcher prepared a research instrument, namely: a questionnaire includes (49) items distributed among (7) aspects, which are: (General form, Introduction of the guide, Guide objectives, The content of the guide, Content presentation styles of Teachers, Activities, Evaluation styles). The instrument has been presented to a group of experts and jurors, to find validity, and its reliability using the Alpha- Cronbach method (0.88). After that, the researcher applied the electronic research instrument through the Google from platform for the period starting 2/3/2023 until 2/4/2023, and analyzed its results using the statistical packages for social sciences program (spss ). The results show:
1- The level of evaluation of the guide for English language teachers for sixth primary grade in general was medium.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the level(0.05) of significance between the achieved averages and the hypothetical average in favor of the hypothetical average.
3- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the
averages of English language teachers guide evaluation according to the gender variable (male ,female )and in favor of the female group .While There is statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the averages of English language teachers guide evaluation according to the qualification variables , of the research the researcher presented a, conclusion ,including. the English language teachers guide don't achieve the required level, as many weaknesses emerged ,In addition to a number of recommendations including The need of the curriculum committee e in the Ministry of Education to take the opinions English language teachers and gentlemen and women supervisors of specialization in improving this book and involving them in authoring and development committee, Finally, the researcher suggests a number of titles: Evaluation of English language guide books for other grades in the light of teacher's needs, or in the light of comprehensive quality standard

The current research aims to determine the impact of the Judges' Pens strategy on the achievement of the social studies curriculum among second-year middle school female students. To achieve the research objective, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
- There are no statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the Judges' Pens strategy and the average scores of the control group students who studied according to the traditional method in achieving the social studies curriculum
. To verify the validity of the hypothesis, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted two months, and determined the study sample, which amounted to (96) female students, with 3 classes, using a random method. Class (A) represented the experimental group, with (31) female students after excluding two failed female students, and Class (B) represented the control group, with (31) female students after excluding three failed female students.

The two groups were rewarded in the variables (chronological age, intelligence, and mid-year exam scores in social studies)
The study tool is to build an achievement test for the second intermediate social studies curriculum, which consists of 40 objective paragraphs, 35 of which are multiple-choice and corrected with (1) point for the correct answer and (0) for the wrong answer, and 5 essay questions corrected (0, 1, 2, 3). After analyzing the results statistically, the results showed that the students of the experimental group who study with the judges’ pens strategy outperformed the students of the control group who study with the usual method in the achievement test of the social studies curriculum.

Praise be to Allah, who revealed His greatest Book to His Messenger, and chose His servants to carry and convey it. All praise is due to Him. Peace and blessings upon the Prophet Muhammad, his family, and companions.
The science of Qur’anic readings (Qirā’āt) is closely tied to the recitation of Allah’s words, making it a cornerstone of Islamic sciences. Scholars have diligently preserved and transmitted it through memorization, recitation, and interpretation.
Qur’anic readings serve as a source of legislation and guide moral values in society. They promote virtuous behavior and denounce immorality, offering depth to ethical teachings.
This research explores how varying Qur’anic readings impact the interpretation of ethical verses by comparing traditional scholarly interpretations with AI-generated ones. It examines how AI analyzes religious texts and its ability to interpret them, considering the linguistic, rhetorical, and historical context.
The study also identifies AI’s challenges in handling the nuanced differences between readings and its potential role as a supplementary tool in interpretation.
Based on selected ethical verses with variant readings, this research presents examples of AI’s interpretations compared to traditional exegesis. The study concludes by assessing AI’s advantages and limitations in this field and suggests ways to enhance its integration with human efforts.
The research includes an introduction, preface, two main sections, and a conclusion.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the McCarthy model of teaching physiology on academic achievement among students of the Medical Technical Institute. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental method, where the research sample represented first-year students at the Medical Technical Institute, who were selected using a simple random method. Then they were divided into two groups, the first experimental and the second, with 15 students for each group. One was the experimental group, which was taught using the McCarthy model, and the second was the control group, which was taught using the lecture method. The researcher relied on the achievement test as a tool for her research, after verifying its psychometric properties of validity and reliability, and after conducting Equivalence between the experimental and control groups. The experiment was applied to the two groups, where the researcher concluded:
1. The effect of the McCarthy model on the achievement of physiology among students of the Medical Technical Institute
2. Members of the experimental group that studied using the McCarthy model outperformed members of the control group that studied using the lecture method in the academic achievement test for the subject of physiology

Teachers today confront several obstacles, including the need to hold themselves accountable for the academic success of their students and the opportunity to teach in ways that go beyond the conventional classroom by utilizing cutting-edge media and instructional technology. Nonetheless, instructional design models support educators by offering a systematic approach to efficiently integrating instructional technology and media into the classroom. Thus, this paper aims to help the sixty MSc students at the University of Technology improve their writing abilities. Data was gathered using a pre-and post-test, analyses the findings, and finds that students' writing skills have improved significantly because of applying this methodology.

Within the conventional view of language; language is seen as a system of words, letters, symbols or figures used to crystalize ideas. Yet, the real meaning and purpose of language is actually demonstrated through communication .i.e. the actual use of that system in real correspondences. Language is one of the causal factors of realizing people‘s culture in the world. In fact, language as one of the means of passing on numerous ideas, emotions , opinions and information attends multi functions in outlining the varied cultural identities of a specific group of people. Diverse languages typify different geographical settings which reflect various people‘s cultural identities. The present term paper is intended to investigate the role entailed by cultural identity in reinforcing Iraqi EFL university students second language learning . .To achieve the aim of the study, a sample of ( 30 ) 4th year students at the Department of English/College of Education/ Ibn- Rushd /university of Baghdad for the academic year 2023-2024 have been chosen to respond to the items of the questionnaire constructed by the researchers and validated by being exposed to a group of professors in the field. The students’ responses have been statistically analyzed and come to prove positively the role of cultural identity in boosting second language learning.