Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

This study was carried out to evaluate the preparation of five-layer nanolaminates that
were introduced by Layer By Layer (LBL) technique from Sodium Alginate and Nisin.
The inhibition zone was measured on a petri dish to estimate the effectiveness of
antimicrobial extracts. The results showed that 0.2% concentration of Nisin solution exhibit
inhibitory activity against these microorganisms. The scanning electron microscope was used to
detect the thickness of prepared nanolaminates. The total thickness of the Alginate and Nisin
was 119.55 nm,The WVP water permeability values for the nanolayered PET film without any
addition to the charged PET (T1) were 29.091 g.m2/24h) and for the nanolayered PET-charged
with Nisin solution 58.182 g.m2/24h. OTR was obtained for the nanolayered with no addition of
the charged PET (T1), 14.78 ml/m2.day), and for the PET-charged, covered with Sodium
Alginate and Nisin solution (T2) (29.61ml /m2.day). Three treatments were made of Monterey
cheese, the first was covered with the paraffin wax as control M1, the second was covered with
gelatin (M2) and the third was coated with a nanolayered film consisting of the Sodium
Alginate and Nisin solution (M3) and stored in refrigerator for 8 weeks at 10 ±2°C, The results
showed a significant decrease in the moisture content and acidity of the treatment M3 and
evolution in the values of ADV further more the sensory properties.

Field experiment was conducted at Abu Ghraib Research Station Baghdad during spring
and autumn seasons of 2016 using a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot
with three replications. Three varieties of synthetic maize (Fajr 1 , Baghdad 3 and Sumer) in the
main plots and nine fertilizer treatments which were : NPK as recommended , NPK + sulfur ,
NPK + organic fertilizer , NPK + Bio fertilizer, NPK + Humic acid ,50% NPK + sulfur ,50%
NPK + organic fertilizer,50% NPK + Bio and50% NPK + Humic acid in the sub plots . The
results showed the superiority of cultivar Baghdad-3 in autumn season in leaves area (3893cm2),
leaves chlorophyll content (47.5spad), dry weight of plant (312.0gm), biological yield (20.7kg
h-1) and dry weight of root ( 39.6gm).significant superiority noticed in the fertilizer treatment
of recommended NPK and half recommendation plus organic fertilization in most of
vegetative growth (plant height , leaves chlorophyll content , the dry weight of shoot and root
of plant and biological yield ) in both seasons

This study was carried out in fish Laboratory/Department of Animal
Production/Agricultural College to study the effect of soybean and safflower seed meals
as combination nutrition in fatty acids contents of diets and meat of Cyprinus carpio L
fish. Four treatments were designed with three replicates for each group and 7 fish for
each replicate. Treatments included soybean meal+safflower meal as percentages
which were 30+0, 20+10, 15+15 and 10+20 respectively. The results of diets fatty acids
showed significant increases p<0.05 in saturated fatty acid (SFA) T4 (13.74%) which
was Palmitic acid (C:16), while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was
significantly high p<0.05 in T1 which was Oleic acid (C18:1n-9) 52.12%,
polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed significant increase p<0.05 in T3.The
content of fatty acids in fish meat showed significant increase p<0.05 in saturated fatty
acid (SFA) in T4 (28.3%) which was Palmitic acid. The (MUFA) showed significant
increase p<0.05 in T2 (24.63%). The polyunsaturated fatty acid showed significant
increase p<0.05 in T3. The study demonstrated that the combination of
soybean+safflower meal had role enriching the diets and fish meat with unsaturated
fatty acid.

In this study, Modified Urea Formaldehyde (MUF) was prepared to formulate a
composite that fortified with quercus sawdust particle (European Origin(at particle sieve
size ( 212μm) and the diverse weight fracture of (40 and 60%). Plastic wood and
diverse varieties of natural wood (Tectona, Fagus, Jew, Spruce( and Medium density
fiberboard )MDF) sample were immersion in water and chemical solutions included
detergent liquid (sodium sulfonate) and javel water (sodium hypochlorite), which used
with different chemical concentration (0%, 8% and 14%).that results show that highest
ratio of weight gain was when immersion in the water followed by javel water and
finally detergent liquid for all samples, the diffusion coefficient was decreased with
increasing chemical concentration of solutions where the lowest value was recorded at
(14%)for all solutions. It is worth noting that diffusion coefficient increasing with
weight fracture decreasing .as well as the plastic wood has high absorption resistance
than natural wood.

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Phenolic compounds from
alcoholic extract of two types of plant leaves (Ziziphus spina-christi & Phoenix
dactylifera), with three concentrations 500, 1000, 2000 ppm., to inhibit the fungus
growth (Asprgillus niger and Mucor sp) by inhibiting the amylase enzyme secretion.
The results showed that the two types of Phenolic alcohol extracts have the potential to
inhibit the growth of fungus (Aspergillus niger and Mucor sp.) and the enzyme secretion
from them. Sider leaf extract achieved the highest inhibition for the growth of Mucor sp
which was 31.70% compared with palm leaf extract 30.86% at the concentration 2000
ppm. While 18.30% and16.31% respectively for Aspergillus niger depending up on
weight basis. The results were similar to the results of the enzymatic efficacy .The
extract of sider gave the highest inhibition rate at 2000 ppm concentration which was
30.74% .The extract of palm leaves gave 28.12% for Mucor sp. and 14.54% and 12.22%
for palm for A. niger at the same concentration.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of partial substitution of rice husk
instead of corn (25% and 50%) and reinforcement with probiotics on bacterial
population in common carp larvae stomach. The results showed that the replacement of
rice husk induced reduction in the population of Staphylococcus spp. which recorded 5
×103 , 0.6 ×103 bacteria of both percentages of replacement 25% and 50% respectively .
Regarding the effect on Escherichia coli , the replacement treatments induced reduction
in bacterial population which recorded 4 × 104, 10 ×104 bacteria and the treatment of
reinforcement with probiotic which recorded 1 × 104, 10 × 104 bacteria respectively.
The results also showed that the effect of replacement in tested bacterial population was
decreased as the percentage of replacement increased from 25% to 50% for
Staphylococcus spp. which recorded 5 ×103 and 0.6 × 103 bacteria while Escherichia
coli population was increased which recorded 4×104 to 6×10 4 bacteria respectively

The effect of integrated use of mineral fertilizers (NPK) , organic and bio-fertilizers
on quality characters of two wheat cultivars (Abu-Ghraib 3 and Buhooth 22) was
investigated a Field experiment was conducted during Growing seasons 2014 – 2015
and 2015-2016 at the Experimental Farm of Agric., Coll. ,University of Baghdad. The
results showed that Buhooth 22 cultivar was superior in Protein (12.92 ,13.08), Gluten
(30.85 ,31.98) and carbohydrate(70.69 ,72.55), contents for both seasons and N Leaf
(22.72) and grain contents (2.49) for 2nd season compared to Abu-Ghraib cultivar. The
Integrated treatment (mineral fertilizer + bio-fertilizer + organic fertilizer) gave the
highest records over other treatments for protein, gluten and carbohydrate contents in
both seasons . In Conclusion , Buhooth 22 cultivar was the best in most of the studied
quality characters with the application of mineral + bio+organic fertilizers without any
significant differences between 25, 50 and 100% of mineral fertilizer.

The close recycling system was used To increase crude oil flow, reduce friction
inside the pipe and increase the rate of flow in the turbulent flow conditions for crude
oil from southern Iraq, Three types of surfactants:Sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate
( SDBS), Sodium Lauryl Sulfate( SLS) and Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate( SLES) with
concentrations of(50,100,150,200 ppm) were used .The flow rates used for the pipe
diameter of(5.08 cm) were (1-12 m 3 / h). The results showed that the percentage of
drag reduction (% Dr) was directly proportional to the speed of the recycling solution
represented by Reynolds number, concentration of additives and the diameter of the
pipe used. The highest percentage of drag reduction was 39% by using 200 parts per
million of SDBS in comparison with for SLS and SLES respectively.

This experiment was conducted in the extension farms of the Directorate of Agriculture of
Karbala in the holy governorate of Karbala during the agricultural season 2016 on cucumber
cucumis sativus L. and tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. to study the effect of
magnetization of seeds and saline irrigation water on the germination, growth and production of
these two crops and compare them with those without magnetization. The experiment was
carried out within the design of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replicates, with L.S.D. test at 5 % level. Different magnetic field intensity devices (1000, 1500,
2000) Gauss, were used for all experiments to determine the appropriate intensity of positive
changes in crop specifications and quantities. It was found that there was a significant difference
in germination rate for cucumber of about 85% for magnetized and irrigated seeds with
magnetized water compared to non-magnetized seeds with a germination rate of 45%. This
difference resulted in an increase in production of more than 20% in the field that irrigated by
magnetized water using a magnetic intensity of (1500) gauss among other fields irrigated by
other magnetic intensities. In the tomato crop, the ratio of germination was similar to that of
cucumber, in addition to an increase in production was noticed in the field irrigated by
magnetized water with intensity of (2000) gauss.

Alcoholic extract from leaves of the Alchemilla vulgaris plant were performed by
70% ethanol alcohol . Sensitivity test to the extract of this plant against some bacterial
isolats (Salmonella typhi , Shigella dysentriae , Klebsilla spp. , Proteus spp.,
Enterobacter spp.and Staphylococcus aureus) were performed by agar well diffusion
method .Results proved that Alcoholic extract has shown inhibitory effect for all
bacterial isolates at 500 mg/ml and inhibition zone was 25mm against Salmonella typhi.