Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences

The research aimed to identify the effect of the Anticipation guide strategy on evaluative thinking among second-grade intermediate students in chemistry. A partial control experimental design was adopted, involving two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The research sample consisted of 61 second-grade intermediate students from one of the schools under the General Directorate of Education in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. The scientific material focused on topics such as "Elements and Chemical Bonding, Chemical Compounds, Chemical Formulas and Reactions, and Solutions." The research instrument was an evaluative thinking test comprising 27 multiple-choice items, which assessed three skills: "establishing criteria for issuing judgments, providing evidence, and identifying and recognizing logically flawed ideas." The items were based on chemical issues and scenarios. The statistical results showed a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in the evaluative thinking test. The research recommended adopting the guided prediction strategy in teaching chemistry to second-grade intermediate students.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between the level of critical thinking and the degree of intelligence among students at Sulaymaniyah University. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher relied on two tools. The first is the critical thinking test scale by (Glaser and Watson), (standardized for the Saudi environment by (Abdul Salam and Mamdouh 1982). The second tool was the general intelligence test scale appropriate for the research sample, and The researcher translated these two tools into the Kurdish language to fit the Kurdish environment in which the research experiment was applied after verifying the validity and reliability of the two tools. The data was processed statistically using the t-test for independent samples, and Chi-square for observed and expected frequencies.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher applied the two scales to a sample of students at Sulaymaniyah University, numbering (60) students, with (30) students from scientific colleges and (30) from humanities colleges, then she analyzed the data using the statistical portfolio for social sciences SPSS.

The aim of the research is to determine the effect of a proposed program based on Landa’s theory on the achievement of Arabic grammar among fifth grade female students. To achieve the research objectives, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students who They studied the grammar subject using the proposed educational program, and the average scores of the control group students who studied the same subject without the program in the achievement test. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach to build a proposed program based on Landa’s theory in acquiring the Arabic grammar subject for fifth grade literary requests and the experimental approach to verify the impact of the proposed program and determine the research community for fifth grade literary requests for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample amounted to (60) female students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared an Arabic grammar achievement test, and the standard characteristics of the achievement test were verified in terms of validity and reliability. To treat the data statistically, the researcher used statistical methods, a t-test for two independent samples: The results showed the following: There are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the group. The control group and the average score of the experimental group in the Arabic grammar achievement test are in favor of the experimental group. In light of the results of this research, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

This descriptive correlational study aimed to identify the relationship between social skills and learning motivation among Omani students with learning disabilities by their teachers’ perspective. The study sample consisted of 300 students enrolled in learning disabilities program at Al Batinah North Governorate in Oman for the academic year 2022/2023. The teachers of learning disabilities program responded to the social skills scale, which consisted of 30 items distributed on three sub-dimensions: Collaboration, self-affirmation, and self-control. The teachers also responded on the learning motivation scale, which consisted of 15 items distributed on three sub-dimensions: Pay attention to the educational situation, interest in the activity, and continue performing the activity. The results indicated that all dimensions of the social skills scale and the learning motivation scale were at an average level. The results also showed an average positive correlation between social skills and learning motivation. In other words, social skills contributed to predicting learning motivation for students with learning disabilities. The results also showed that there were differences on all sub-dimensions of the social skills scale in favor of females, and on the self-control dimension in favor of students with learning disabilities in the Arabic language. The study recommended the existence of school psychological counseling programs that enhance social skills and learning motivation among students with learning disabilities, and enhancing the role of parents in discussing issues related to social skills and learning motivation among their children.
Keywords: Social skills, learning motivation, students with learning disabilities, teachers of learning disabilities program

The research aims to build a Training Program to concept of apology among kindergarten children. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the two researchers have built a Training Program according to the following steps:
1- Determine the general objective of the Training Program.
2- Determine the behavioral objectives of the Training Program
3- Determine the content of the Training Program.
4- Implement the content of the Training Program sessions.
5- Evaluate the Training Program.
The Training Program includes (15) sessions, and the training sessions included various paragraphs, which are (the title, the general objective, the methods used, the time and place to implement the sessions, the behavioral goals, the tools and the means used, the content, the application and the evaluation.

The research aims to identify the effect of a cognitive behavioral program to reduce school bullying and some irrational thoughts for middle school students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher put the null hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) in the mean scores of the test for reducing bullying behavior and irrational thoughts among students who underwent the program. Cognitive in the experimental group and the average grades of students in the control group who were not subject to the cognitive program and the research community consisted of middle school students within the General Directorate of Education of Al-Azizia of Wasit Governorate who were bullied students, as they reached (30) students after dividing the students into two groups, one experimental and the other control, and each group reached (15) students, where the experimental group underwent a behavioral treatment program to reduce school bullying And ideas are irrational. The researcher conducted the pre and post tests on the students of the two groups in the test of reducing bullying behavior (10) educational and educational counseling sessions with scientific and practical lectures that included stories, songs and historical lessons for Arab and foreign heroes from all over the world and on all social cultures and through international legends and novels and expressive messages in documentaries and literary plays And art that simulates the language of the generation, and after the end of the research experiment, it underwent. The two groups for a post-test in thinking and reducing bullying, and the results of the research showed a reduction in the state of stress and school bullying for the students of the experimental group who underwent the cognitive behavioral therapy program.

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the level of psychological loneliness among university students and also to identify the statistically significant differences in psychological loneliness according to gender( (males-females), specialization (science-humanities) and residence (Basra-governorates),proposed Couneling program to reduce the feeling of psychological loneliness among a sample of university students. The sample Size was 200 male and female students from the College of Education for Human Sciences and the College of Education for Pure Sciences. Scale was used for psychological loneliness Russel Peplo and Katrina 1980, translated by Al-of Shinawi 1988 Consisting of 20 items, . research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: There is a high level of psychological loneliness among students ofColege of Education for Human Sciences and Pure Sciences. The results also indicated that then wer of statistically significant differences between males and females on the psychological loneliness scale in favor of females, as well as statically significant differences in favor of scientific departments and in favor of students from governorates. the Following this a proposed Counceling program was to reduce of feeling psychological loneliness among university students, in which various techniques were used, including treating misconceptions, developing social skills, training in communication methods, starting dialogue, and other techniques

Forgiveness, as defined by Enright (2015), is “a voluntary decision to reduce negative feelings (such as hatred or anger) and retaliatory behaviors toward someone who has wronged you, and to replace them with more positive feelings and behaviors (such as empathy or compassion), even if the offender does not deserve it or ask for forgiveness.” Forgiveness and self-transcendence, defined as “a human characteristic of turning toward what is outside oneself, opening up to the world, and realizing essential meanings,” are two intersecting concepts in positive psychology and psychotherapy. Where forgiveness is linked to an individual's ability to transcend feelings of hurt and revenge, while self-transcendence refers to transcending the individual self toward a deeper connection with others or higher values (such as spirituality or humanity).
The current research aimed to:
1- Measure forgiveness among Christians in the Nineveh Plains.
2--Significance of differences in forgiveness among Christians according to gender (male-female).
3-Transcendence among Christians in the Nineveh Plains.
4- Significance of differences in transcendence among Christians according to gender (male-female).
5-The correlational relationship between forgiveness and transcendence among Christians.
To achieve the above, the researcher constructed a forgiveness scale consisting of 18 items based on Enright's 2004 theory of forgiveness and constructed a self-transcendence scale based on Frankl's 1982 theory, which consists of 71 items and five-point alternatives distributed over two levels. The sample consisted of 200 Christians in the Nineveh Plains in order to extract psychometric characteristics using the SPSS program.
The research concluded the following results:
1-There is a level of forgiveness among Christians.
2-There are differences in forgiveness among Christians according to gender, with females scoring higher, and there are no differences in self-transcendence according to gender
3- There is self-transcendence among Christians
4-There are differences in self-transcendence among Christians according to gender
5-There is a statistically significant positive correlation between forgiveness and self-transcendence among Christians
The researcher then presented a set of recommendations and proposals

This study aimed to explore the impact of vocational education in enhancing the economic and social empowerment of Jordanian women, with a specific focus on the role of economic opportunities and societal challenges in shaping their active participation in the labor market. The research adopted a qualitative methodology, conducting in-depth interviews with 26 experts and specialists representing diverse entities, including officials from the Ministry of Higher Education, the Ministry of Education, academics, trainers from vocational education institutions, and representatives from the Vocational Training Corporation, Chambers of Commerce, and Industry. The findings highlighted the interplay of cultural, economic, and structural factors in determining Jordanian women’s access to vocational education. Stereotypes, weak family support—particularly in rural areas—and the absence of incentive policies and suitable programs were identified as key barriers. The study also revealed that current vocational education policies remain traditional and fail to align with aspirations for integrating women into technical and industrial sectors. Partnerships between the public and private sectors play a vital role in developing gender-sensitive programs, while awareness campaigns, early student guidance, and activating the roles of families and schools emerged as prominent strategies to counter stereotypes and enhance women’s presence in technical professions. In light of the results, the study recommends adopting a holistic approach to strengthen Jordanian women’s opportunities in vocational education and their integration into the labor market. This approach should focus on developing educational policies that are more gender-sensitive, expanding vocational programs to include technical and industrial specializations suitable for women, and providing flexible and safe educational environments.

It is noted that throwing waste in public places has become one of the major environmental problems. The current research aims to identify the reasons for throwing waste in public places from the point of view of university students. The researcher built a questionnaire consisting of (20) paragraphs in order to identify the reasons for throwing waste in public places. It was applied to a sample of (100) male and female students from the University of Baghdad. The results showed that the reasons for throwing waste in public places from the point of view of university students, which obtained the highest percentages, are as follows: - Low environmental awareness among individuals (80%). Lack of municipal services (74%). Lack of a law on random dumping of waste (71%). Being affected by the bad behavior of others (70%). Then come the rest of the reasons.

This study aims to identify the social etiquette in the Holy Quran and derive it from the blessed images. The study then explained that these social names are derived from the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and showed the impact of these social etiquettes on the individual and society, and the lessons learned from adhering to these etiquettes. To achieve the study's objective, the content analysis method was used, which is one of the forms of the descriptive approach, where an initial analysis was conducted of the group of social names mentioned in the Surah. After publishing the initial list of these social etiquettes, it was presented to judges and scholars of Islamic studies and Sharia, and then the analysis was conducted with the help of a focused group consisting of Quran memorizers and specialists in Quranic studies to measure the percentage of agreement between the analysts using the Kulli coefficient. The study reached several results, including ten important social etiquettes mentioned in Surah An-Nur that must be observed, adhered to and committed to in order to build a righteous, reformist individual and a clean, pure society far from deviations and vices. The number of repetitions of these social signs reached (43) times distributed as follows: preserving people's honor and not engaging in it, having good thoughts about believers and chastity, forbidding the spread of obscenities, asking permission and greeting, appreciating the privacy of homes, the virtue of marriage and encouraging it, preventing mixing, verifying news, biting the gaze and preserving the private parts and covering the private parts, being polite with God Almighty and His Messenger, the etiquette of food and hospitality and not showing adornment. In light of these results, the study recommended the necessity of adhering to and respecting these social etiquettes that reach the refinement of individuals' souls and protecting them from falling into vice, and called on parents and teachers to respect God's etiquette and adhere to it, caring for and raising children, because parents and educators are role models for children, and the study finally recommended conducting more Quranic research and studies in order to extract social etiquette from all the chapters of the Holy Quran.

The current research aims to identify the obstacles to the use of educational technology in secondary school from the teachers' point of view, as well as to identify the significance of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable (males and females) in the obstacles to the use of educational technology facing teachers. The research community consisted of all secondary school teachers, and the research sample amounted to (400) male and female teachers who were selected using a random stratified method. To achieve this, this study sought to answer the research questions. Since secondary schools do not apply e-learning and educational technologies sufficiently in normal circumstances, and as a result of the lack of experience of secondary school teachers in using e-learning and educational educational technologies, they adhere to the traditional teaching they are accustomed to. The research hypothesis was based on the idea that there are obstacles to the use of educational technology in secondary schools in Karbala Governorate from the teachers' point of view.

Abstract
The aim of the research was to identify
1-Gratitude among middle school teachers.
2-Significance of statistical differences in gratitude according to the variable (gender, specialization).
3-Psychological flow among middle school teachers.
4-The statistically significant relationship between gratitude and psychological flow among middle school teachers.
5-To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following:
The researcher adopted the gratitude scale prepared by (McCullough & Sang, 2002), as the scale consisted of (20) paragraphs. The psychological flow scale was also prepared by the researcher based on previous studies, as the scale consisted of (25) paragraphs. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (400) middle school teachers, with (240) female students and (160) male students for the academic year (2024-2025). The results were as follows:
1-Gratitude among middle school teachers was high.
2-There are differences in gratitude attributed to gender and specialization.
3- Teachers appear to have above average levels of psychological flow.
4-There are no differences in psychological flow attributed to gender and specialization.
5-There is a statistically significant positive relationship between the two research variables.
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify and reveal the effectiveness of the accelerated learning model in teaching science on the mental alertness of seventh-grade students in the subject of science for all. The researchers followed the experimental method as it suits the requirements of the current research. The research sample consisted of seventh-grade students at the Rondaki Primary School in the centre of Erbil Governorate for the academic year 2024-2025، with a total of 65 students. The research sample was divided into two groups: 32 for the experimental sample and 33 for the control sample. The researchers conducted a matching process between the two groups in several variables, including age, intelligence, academic achievement of parents, and science grades. The researchers applied the accelerated learning model to the experimental group, while the control group was taught using the usual (traditional) method. A pre-test was conducted for the mental alertness scale, which initially consisted of 25 items. After statistical processing, the number of items was reduced to 22. After the research experiment was completed, the data was processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The research results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic means of the pre- and post-tests of the mindfulness scale. The research results also showed that the experimental sample students who were taught according to the accelerated learning model outperformed the control sample students who were taught according to the traditional method. In light of the results of the current research, a number of recommendations and suggestions were made. The researchers recommended following the (accelerated learning) model be followed in teaching science to elementary grades, especially the seventh grade, as it is a model that stimulates mental thinking, which helps in developing mental alertness skills

This research aims to analyze and evaluate the content of the ministerial Arabic language exam questions for the sixth preparatory grade in Iraq for the academic year 2024–2025, based on the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy of the cognitive domain. The researcher emphasized the importance of developing students’ thinking skills, particularly critical and creative thinking, by formulating questions that address a range of cognitive levels, from remembering to evaluating.
The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method, in which the researcher collected 31 ministerial questions and classified them according to Bloom’s six cognitive levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, creating, and evaluating. The results revealed a dominance of lower-order thinking skills, with remembering (33%) and understanding (28%) comprising the majority of questions. In contrast, higher-order thinking levels (analyzing, creating, evaluating) were significantly underrepresented, collectively accounting for only about 20%, with creating and evaluating appearing in only 1% and 3% of the questions, respectively.
The study concluded that there is a clear imbalance in the distribution of cognitive levels in the ministerial exam questions, reflecting a lack of emphasis on promoting analytical and creative thinking among students. The researcher recommended diversifying question levels and achieving a balanced cognitive distribution that includes higher-order thinking skills to better support modern educational objectives and enhance students’ thinking abilities.

This research aims to determine the impact of using Fink's model on achievement in geography for second-grade intermediate female students. To achieve this goal, the researcher developed a null hypothesis. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study using Fink's model and the students who study without it, according to the traditional method, and the control group (traditional). The research sample consisted of (60) female students who were randomly selected from Al-Asma'i School for Girls located in the Third Rusafa Directorate, with (30) students in each group. The researcher ensured the equivalence of the experimental and control groups in terms of factors such as parental achievement and intelligence tests. The researcher prepared a training plan for both the control and experimental groups, and also prepared a tool to measure the impact of the model on student achievement. She also prepared a scoring rubric to grade the writings of the students in both the experimental and control groups. (Al-Hashemi, 1994). The researcher used statistical methods in the research procedures, namely the independent samples T-test, Chi-Square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The research results showed that there were differences in favor of the experimental group that studied according to Fink's model, which led to increased achievement. The conclusion was: the interaction and participation of second-grade intermediate students with the lesson when using Fink's model. This thinking helped students reach a good stage of finding appropriate solutions to the problems they face in the classroom. The researcher's recommendations included: adopting Fink's model when teaching geography in intermediate school. The researcher also suggested conducting a similar study to identify the impact of Fink's model on critical thinking. Research Problem The subject of social studies has experienced a decline from the required level due to neglect and lack of attention from teachers, in terms of teachers relying on the lecture method. This decline is due to the distance and alienation between learners and the subject, which has led to a large gap between them. (Al-Hashemi, 2006, p. 212). The sense of the problem leads to the creation of new methods and the invention of solutions to solve it in the intermediate stage that are appropriate to modern methods in interacting with students, encouraging them to dialogue and understand with the teacher, and training their minds in academic achievement and relying on themselves in evaluation. Therefore, the researcher prepared and tested Fink's model to determine its impact on their level of thinking and improve their performance level among second-grade intermediate female students. What is the impact of Fink's model on developing the model's impact on the achievement of second-grade intermediate female students? Research Importance 1 - The importance of education because it is the means of society in achieving goals and developing the individual in the cognitive, social, physical, and emotional domains. 2 - The importance of the subject of social studies because it is a very important subject (as it is important in the aspects of geography, history, and civics). 3- The importance of modern methods and models and developing achievement in active learning. 4- The importance of Fink's model as it helps the learner to integrate between concepts and external knowledge, and daily concepts, and this is because it focuses on activity at the psychological and external level. 5 - The intermediate stage because it is a link between elementary school and preparatory (high) school. Research Objective The current research aims to identify the impact of Fink's model on achievement in geography among second-grade intermediate female students. To achieve the objective of the research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the scores of female students who study geography according to Fink's model and the scores of the female students in the group who study the same subject but in the traditional way in the performance test. Research Boundaries 1 - Intermediate day schools for girls affiliated with the Education Directorate in Baghdad, Al-Karkh 1st. 2- Second-grade intermediate female students. 3- The first part of the social studies book (Geography). 4- The first academic semester (2024-2025)

Study Objectives: to examine Efficacy of Stage-Matched Intervention Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change in Enhancing High School Female Students’ Processes of Change to Engage in Regular Physical Exercise.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial of 144 female high school students aged 15-19-years who were randomly selected from a high school in Bagdad City )72 participants in each of the study and control groups). After accomplishing the pre-test, participants were classified according to their Stage of Change), the intervention (Targeting physical exercise behavior) was tailored, introduced to participants in each Stage of Change within 5 days.
Results: The study results display a noticeable increase with a significant difference in the value the Pros over time for study group, and a remarkable decrease in the values of Cons of engaging in regular physical exercise for participants for the study group over time with significant difference.
Conclusions: The TTM-based Stage-Matched intervention positively influenced the students’ Processes of Change.
Recommendations: Further studies that employ Stage-matched intervention that seek to enhance engaging in regular physical exercise need to be conducted by other researchers either inside or outside Iraq

Demography is the term used to describe the study of human populations and the fluctuations in size caused by migration, fertility, and mortality. The term demography comes from the Greek word demography, which meaning "describing people." In order to account for factors like the sex ratio, age distribution, composition, geographical distribution, and population density, this discipline investigates demographic features(1). Additionally, there is sometimes a distinction made between "formal demography," or "demographic analysis," which includes the statistical analysis of population parameters and their dynamics, and "population studies," which look at the causes and effects of changes in the population's structure in a larger context and in relation to other phenomena and processes(2) .
Aim of study
To find out the association between family satisfaction with their demographic characteristics
Method
The study used a predictive technique and involved 147 family members of patients in three hospitals. The sample included intensive care patients and their closest relatives. Initially, 120 participants responded positively.
Result
The study surveyed patients in intensive care units (N=120) about their overall satisfaction with the care provided. The results showed that patients were satisfied with the care provided, including the concern and care by ICU staff, symptom management pain, breathlessness, agitation, emotional support, coordination of care, and the skill and competence of ICU nurses and doctors. The overall satisfaction score was 60.69, with a mean of 60.69. The study also found that patients were satisfied with the atmosphere in the ICU waiting room, participation in daily rounds, and the level of health care received by their family members. The study also found that the decision-making process was satisfactory, with patients feeling included and supported during the process. The study also found a good level of satisfaction with the decision-making process. The study also found a correlation between levels of family satisfaction and demographic characteristics among patients in intensive care units.
Conclusion
The study found that patients' relatives, mostly in their early adulthood, are more likely to provide care for their patients in the ICU. Male participants were found to be more responsible, and mothers were preferred to stay with their patients. Family members generally have good satisfaction with ICU care due to cooperation with healthcare staff. Age and kinship were significant factors influencing satisfaction. In addition, there is a relationship between the educational qualifications of the participants and their level of satisfaction with the critical care provided to their patients.
Recommendation
1. Implement training programs for healthcare staff to enhance sensitivity to familial dynamics. This could include understanding cultural norms, recognizing decision-making dynamics within families, and adapting communication styles accordingly
2. Create personalized care plans that take into account the preferences and needs of family members based on their relationship with the patient. For example, providing extended visiting hours or specific accommodations for immediate family members might enhance satisfaction.

This study aims to (1) identify whether students’ age, body mass index, exercise identity, outcome expectation for exercise, and social support for exercise behaviors can predict their physical exercise Self-Efficacy, and (2) investigate the differences in physical exercise Self-Efficacy, exercise identity, outcome expectation for exercise, and social support for exercise behaviors between the groups of BMI classes and grade.
A descriptive predictive correlational design was used to guide this study. This study was conducted in Ramadi City, Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The study included a simple random sample of 450 female high school students.
The study instrument includes participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, the Stages of Change Scale for Exercise (Short Form), The exercise Identity Scale, The Exercise Outcome Expectation Scale, and The Social Support for Exercise Behaviors Scale.
Data were collected using a self-reported instrument. The statistical package for social science, version 27 was used for data analysis.
The study results revealed that participants’ age and exercising together positively predict more their Self-Efficacy of engaging in regular physical exercise. On the other hand, participants’ BMI negatively predicts their Self-Efficacy. There are statistically significant differences in Negative Affect, Inconvenient to Exercise, and overall Self-Efficacy among grade groups. There is a statistically significant difference in rewards among BMI groups.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess of Collegians’ perception about Diabetes Mellitus Type II in the University of Baghdad.
Methodology: A descriptive study, purposive sample of (100) students at risk for diabetes mellitus type 2, sitting of the study college of Arts in University of Baghdad, the study was performed through the period from 16th September to- 17th November 2024. a self-report questionnaire is standard for the purpose of the study Collegians’ perception about diabetes mellitus type 2 were self-report question. This part is comprised of (17) questions perception of collegians’ about diabetes mellitus type 2 consists which answers were as put () front of the appropriate option. Scoring (1) for disagree answer, (2) Neutral answer and (3) for agree answer, Content validity of the questionnaire is tested by presenting it to panel of (15) experts. Cronbach's alpha is used to estimate the reliability of the instrument items. the perception (0.787), (17 items).
Results: The result of this research showed that the total level of Perception about diabetes mellitus type II (mean: 25.68) This indicates that the mean is within the low level (mean of score: (L)Low (17-28.33), (M) Moderate (28.34-39.66), (H) High (39.67-51).
Conclusions: This study concluded that Collegians’ have a low level of Perception about type 2 diabetes.
Recommendations: The study recommended Conduct educational programs to increase collegians Perception about type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to (1) identify if age, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), and duration of illness can predict healthy lifestyle for clients with T2DM, and (2) investigate the differences in healthy lifestyle and Self-Efficacy for healthy lifestyle between the groups of gender, socioeconomic class, and BMI classes.
Methods: A descriptive predictive correlational design was used to guide this study which was conducted in two hospitals and one primary healthcare centers in the XXX City for the period from January 14th 2024 to March 14th 2024. The study included a convenience sample of 378 patients with diabetes. The study instrument includes participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. The Measure of Healthy Lifestyle, Lifestyle Self-Efficacy Scale for Latinos with Diabetes, Data were collected through self-report and analyzed using the statistical package for social science, IBM version 27.
Results: Self-Efficacy for physical activity, family’s socioeconomic status, self-care foot care, self-care glucose testing, and Self-Efficacy for glucose testing positively predict healthy lifestyle for diabetes. There is a statistically significant difference in health responsibility between sex groups. There is a statistically significant difference in risk reduction among BMI classes.
Conclusions: the greater the Self-Efficacy for physical activity, the healthier the lifestyle the patients with DM enjoy. The better the family’s socioeconomic status, the healthier the lifestyle the patients with DM enjoy. The better the foot self-care, the healthier the lifestyle the patients with DM enjoy.
Recommendation : Supporting clients with DM to have greater Self-Efficacy for physical activity can contribute to healthier the lifestyle.

Background: The role of the mothers is very important in providing care and monitor their children`s health in general. Their awareness concerning quality of foods which is needed for each child`s developmental stage can effect on nutritional status This Study assesses Improve Mothers` Knowledge regarding healthy nutrition of their children .Materials and Methods: A quasi- experimental design was adopted to recruit (60)mother was selected from Al-Ayn Social Care Foundation International Al-Samawah City. A non-probability "purposive sample".Results: Of the current study revealed that is high significant relationship between mothers’ knowledge and their level of education at p-value= .001. Conclusion: it could be concluded that after the interventional program concerning nutrition related health, most mothers level of knowledge in the study group was increased. The study recommended that the nutrition education program can be presented to all mothers to increase their knowledge and interest about importance of child nutrition their education should be frequently renewed.

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It occurs due to constriction or obstruction of the coronary artery, which is instigated by atherosclerosis, vasospasms, or a combination of these factors. Medication adherence is a key aspect in preventing the proliferation of diseases, mitigating the likelihood of adverse events such as myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents, and enhancing the overall health outcomes for patients.
Objective(s): To Assess the level of medication adherence among patients clinically diagnosed with coronary artery disease hospitalized and attending the outpatient cardiac consultation unit.
Methodology: A descriptive study was used. using purposive sampling. The study targeted 334 patients hospitalized in cardiac care units and attending the outpatient cardiac clinic, and it targeted three hospitals in Babylon Health Directorate in Iraq. Data were collected for the period from November 26, 2024 to January 16, 2025. Medication adherence was assessed using General medication adherence scale (GMAS).
Results: The results shown that the majority of the participants in the study with age group of “60 and more” years as reported (42.2%), the larger portion of participants are graduated with elementary school (24.6%). The study found that patients (47.3%) have partial adherence level of medication.
Conclusions: The study concludes that most of the patients exhibit partial adherence level of medication. This means that they adhere to their medication some of time and miss doses other times.
Recommendations: Raising awareness about the importance of continuing to take medication even if you feel better by establishment of educational workshops and seminars for patients by guidance units is essential.

Discharge preparation programs during hospitalization concentrate on preparing children and families for the transition to home and for managing care post-discharge. While many different professionals can assist in the planning and coordination of hospital discharge, the major responsibility for discharge preparation during hospitalization lies with facility-based clinical nurses.
Objectives: The study aims to evaluate mothers' knowledge of a child with leukemia about psychological readiness for discharge plan by applicate educational program to enhance mother’s psychological readiness for hospital discharge.
Methodology: This study used Quantitative a descriptive research design and was conducted in Oncology department at Welfare Teaching Hospital from 28th of February / 2024 till 16th of June / 2025. A non-probability purposive sample of 50 mothers was selected, for the period from 1st October, 2024 to December 28th, 2024. The study used international scale questionnaire to collect socio-demographic data and psychological mothers’ readiness for hospital discharge for child with leukemia (23) items. The questionnaire was validated and reliable by a panel of (11)
experts, who reviewed the format for content clarity, relevancy, and adequacy. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistical methods, with all procedures tested at P≤0.05. The data analyses measures included descriptive and inferential measures.
Results: The study reveals that 84% of mothers for children with leukemia are married, have less than five years of diagnosis, and have limited knowledge about leukemia. Significant improvements in the study group compared to the control group. In the study group, mothers with high readiness increased from 32% (pre-test) to 72% (post-test 1), before slightly dropping to 36% (post-test 2), while those with moderate readiness decreased from 64% to 36% by post-test 2. In contrast, the control group showed minimal change, with 92% remaining at moderate readiness and only 8% reaching high readiness by post-test 2. Significant associations were found between readiness and factors such as education level (p = 0.005), number of hospital admissions (p = 0.003), and chemotherapy doses (p = 0.011), confirming the program’s effectiveness.
Conclusion: The study revealed that most mothers despite their young age have a diploma and less than five years of diagnosis with their child with leukemia, highlighting the need for targeted education and interventional program.
Recommendation: In-service training programs are recommended to improve mothers' knowledge related readiness for hospital discharge and practice on leukemia and safe sleep recommendations, with need for further studies in Iraq.