Journal of Misan Researches

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, Muhammad, and his pure family, and his righteous companions who were with him, firm against the unbelievers, merciful among themselves, and those who strove with him in God’s cause as He should be striven for and did not alter [them] by any alteration.
In this research, I dealt with the phonetic values formed within the framework of words, which is what is called (free rhythmic construction), and by it I mean the well-known rhythmic joints in which poets compete and whose artistic ability is highlighted and whose rhythmic abilities vary, and they are: repetition, alliteration, assonance, tambourine (replacing the second half of the verse with the first half of the verse), balance, and vocal balance. We will examine all of this in examples of Popular Mobilization poems.
As for repetition, it is the repetition of a word in its various forms, or a phrase or a sentence. There is also the repetition of hidden and connected pronouns. By studying repetition, we mean observing and its effect on the content and artistic construction, because the required artistic repetition is what affects the content and establishes meanings in the recipient, as we will see in our discussion of this topic
As for assonance, it means that two words are completely or partially similar in pronunciation but different in meaning. We will see that the Hashd poets used this rhythmic pattern strongly and with emphasis. As for the tarsi’, it is like the internal rhymes within the poetic verse, which increases the beauty of the rhythm, in addition to making the recipient pay attention to these rhythmic waves.
There is what is known as the taddeed (replacing the second half of the verse with the second half), meaning that a word that the poet uses at the beginning of the verse will be repeated in the second half, and we will see the evidence sufficient in this research
The vocal balance and equilibrium remain, which is for the poet to bring words in the first half of the verse that are equal to the words in the second half verbally in order, and with this we obtain rhythmic values that add harmony and impact to the verse, and this is our goal that we wanted to present in this discussion, and God Almighty grants us success and guides us to what is right, and we ask Him that we have been able to grasp a modest grasp of this rhythmic structure in the poem “Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi,” as this structure is one of the parts of the rhythm in this poem that we discussed in the master’s thesis

This thesis examines and analyzes the trajectory and development of Islamic movements in the Central Asian republics over a decade considered one of the most transformative in the region's history—the decade following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and up to the events of September 11, 2001. The thesis highlights how these movements formed in a turbulent geopolitical and economic environment, amidst identity struggles, the redrawing of national sovereignty, and societies' search for alternatives to authoritarian regimes inherited from the Soviet era

This research explores the poetic experience of Abu al-Ruqʿamq through a study of his poetry, which combines seriousness and humor. Abu al-Ruqʿamq excelled in merging these two aspects within his poetic texts. His serious poetry addressed significant issues and topics, marked by sincerity and depth, while his humorous poetry was filled with satire and wit, through which he sought to express his critical stance toward society. The coexistence of these two opposing directions forms a distinctive artistic tool. The study sheds light on this aspect, especially since Abu al-Ruqʿamq is one of the lesser-known poets who did not receive sufficient scholarly attention. He was neither a purely serious poet nor entirely a satirical one; rather, he attempted to balance the two, offering a unique poetic model. His serious poetry was characterized by lightness, which made it appealing, while his humorous poetry conveyed critical messages. In addition, the diversity in styles and artistic imagery made his poetry a distinguished literary model

تُعدّ السنوات الممتدة من تشرين الثاني 1963 حتى كانون الثاني 1966 من أكثر الفترات حساسية في تاريخ السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية، إذ شهدت تحولات مفصلية كان لها أثر بالغ على مسار الحرب الباردة، وعلى طبيعة العلاقات الثنائية بين الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وحلفائها، وفي مقدمتهم أستراليا, فقد جاء اغتيال الرئيس جون ف. كينيدي في تشرين الثاني 1963 ليشكل صدمة سياسية كبرى، لم تقتصر تداعياتها على الداخل الأمريكي بل تجاوزت ذلك إلى حلفاء الولايات المتحدة، الذين وجدوا أنفسهم أمام تساؤلات جدّية حول مستقبل السياسة الأمريكية في ظل قيادة جديدة للرئيس ليندون جونسون خصوصًا في ما يتعلق بالتزامات واشنطن تجاه الأمن الإقليمي في منطقة جنوب شرق آسيا

Sources indicate that the Arabs' first concerns in the Islamic call were conquests – something that cannot be denied – but can he?
Anyone can deny the role of Islam in the spread of centers of intellectual movements around the world, some of which are for memorizing the Holy Qur'an
And study its rulings, and some of them to pay attention to the hadith of the Prophet, and its chains of transmission and the validity of his narration from its error, and others are interested in Fiqh and beliefs, and others,
(Literary life is the artistic summary, and at the same time it is the mirror of all that troubled the Arab nation in its life Mental and political)
And because it is customary in history that the Bedouin nations melt into powerful civilizations, as their league soon dissolves in them,
They are characterized by the character of a new life, and Ahmed Amin says:
(The Arabs of Hira were more intellectually and civilly than the Arabs of the island; for their civilization and for their neighbors, the great city of Persians, and their contact.
It is closely connected, and some of them knew the Persian language and were fluent in it, but the Arabs of confusion leaked to them something of the sciences
Greece and their literature; The Persian government during the reign of Hormuz I established colonies formed from the Roman prisoners of war, and was among the
These prisoners are educated in Greek culture, and some of them are perplexed and disturbed

The hydrological study of the river discharge rates of the Amara Dam is of great importance in knowing the sources of recharge and the extent of the volume of water revenue, and thus the extent of its impact and determining changes in the distribution of average annual, monthly and seasonal discharges during the monitoring period. To confirm this difference during the periods, you need to analyze a series of periods of monthly rainfall and its change. In the distribution of the flow rate, in addition to the annual change in the average daily and annual flows during the months in which the rates rise, which attributes this increase to the melting of snow in the Tigris River basin upstream as a result of the rise in atmospheric temperature rates, to evaluate the values of the monthly expenses of the Amara Dam, it is used for a period of ( 2014-2023) It is presented through a statistical model of calculated surface runoff values between different years, from which we can conclude that in years in which the average discharge is high, there are differences in the values of runoff and storage inside the dam and water releases from the dam resulting from rising water levels along the river, The front and the back enter the dam

Truthfulness and falsehood in the Holy Quran are extremely important topics for the believing community. These messages represent divine messages for humanity in general and for the believing community in particular. These messages are valid for every age and place, and they have a profound impact on the individual and society in this world and the hereafter, both in terms of reward and punishment. These messages are a proof that God uses to challenge His creation On the Day of Judgment, the unjust servant will find no excuse before God Almighty for himself or his peers, and will thus deserve humiliation, punishment, and a tremendous loss for what he has committed. Since this is a very important topic, this research sought to delve into the depths of these Quranic messages and attempt to clarify them

This research aims to study the statistical relationships between human factors and the production of cow and buffalo milk in the AI-Majar AI-Kabir district. Animal production is considered one of the agricultural activities that complement plant production and plays a significant and effective role in the economies of many countries around the world. Its importance lies in meeting the population's needs for meat and milk, as well as being a primary source of raw materials like wool and leather for many consumer industries and others .
The research highlights the importance of buffalo and cow milk as it represents a source of livelihood for many residents of the district. Milk is a highly nutritious food substance containing essential elements for building the body, such as proteins, fats, sugars, salts, and minerals. Many studies and modern sciences indicate that one liter of milk contains approximately 30 grams of protein, about 35 grams of fat, 47 grams of calcium, sodium, and phosphorus salts, 54 grams of sugar, and 15 grams of vitamins.
The research focuses on human factors as one of the most important pillars that can influence the quantities of milk production from cows and buffaloes by providing a balanced and suitable diet that enhances production, as well as offering proper healthcare and managing the barn appropriately for the animals and selecting the most suitable breeds for milk production.
This research clarifies the spatial statistical relationships that illustrate how human factors affect production quantities in the district, using correlation coefficients between variables and multiple linear regression models with using spss. It also addresses future predictions for the quantities of milk and meat production and their potential to meet the population's food needs in the future

Emotional divorce refers to the existence of a state of undeclared separation between spouses, which makes them live in two separate worlds with the absence of a positive relationship such as friendliness, respect, and refraining from exchanging conversations between them, which requires the existence of guidance programs to reduce emotional divorce among some married couples. Therefore, the current study came with the aim of verifying the effectiveness of a guidance program according to Chapman's five languages of love model in reducing emotional divorce among some married female employees in the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Basra, where the basic study sample consisted of 15 married women, with an average age of 37.35 years and a standard deviation of 7.45 years. The single-group design with a pre- and post-test was used. The study used the emotional divorce scale prepared by Al-Mahrazi 2019, consisting of 24 paragraphs. It was found that married women suffer from emotional divorce to a high degree, which required the construction of a guidance program according to Chapman's five languages model, consisting of 12 sessions, which was applied at a rate of two sessions per week, and the time duration of each session was 90 minutes. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample of married women in the pre- and post-measurements of the emotional divorce scale in favor of the post-measurement, which indicates that the guidance program has an effect in reducing emotional divorce among the study participants. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the post- and follow-up measurements of the emotional divorce scale among the study sample, which indicates the continuation of the influence of the guidance program after its completion

The current research aimed to identify ethical tendencies and differences in ethical tendencies according to the gender variable (males - females) among workers in hospitals in Baghdad Governorate. The research population amounted to (4,525) nursing staff, distributed between (2,120) males and (2,405) females, among those working in hospitals affiliated with the Health Department of the Medical City in Baghdad Governorate for the year (2025). In light of this, a research sample of (689) healthcare workers was selected from the research population using a simple stratified random method, with (225) from Baghdad Teaching Hospital, (160) from Dar Al-Nurse Hospital, (163) from the Children's Hospital, and (142) from the Oncology Hospital. The researcher constructed a scale of ethical tendencies by reviewing the theoretical framework and previously prepared studies, relying on Jonathan Haidt's Social Intuition Model (SIM). The scale consisted of (31) scaled items. The five-point Likert method, and the psychometric properties of validity and reliability were extracted, as the reliability of the scale reached (0.80) using the Cronbach's alpha method. In light of this, the scale became composed of (31) paragraphs in its final form. The research results showed that the research sample has moral tendencies, and that females working in hospitals in Baghdad Governorate have higher moral tendencies than males. In light of the current results of the research, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented that expand the scope of the research for subsequent research

This study dealt with the topic of “dramatic structure” for the poet Nazik Al-Malaika, because this modernist artistic aesthetic technique had a significant impact in making the poetic experience more influential, deeper in vision, broader in detail, and more beautiful in the mind of the recipient. This is what we observed in Nazik Al-Malaika, specifically in her poem “The Little Shop of the Qara’in.” Which was never the only one in her poetry. The research came in two chapters, the first included two sections, namely the concept of “structure” and the second the concept of “drama.” As for the second chapter of the research, it included three sections represented by “character, dialogue, and ending with the event,” with applied models represented by the elements in the poem

This study delves into the depths of the profound semantic structure in the poetry of Abbas Shukr، revealing how he transforms religious heritage from static texts into vibrant symbolic energy that nourishes the poetic experience in both its spiritual and intellectual dimensions. The research begins by rooting the concepts related to religious heritage—derived from the Quran and the Prophetic biography—as sources of collective consciousness، ultimately tracing the aesthetic transformations in the poet’s trajectory. It focuses on the Quranic and Prophetic references in his poetry، oscillating between symbolic intertextuality and artistic embedding، embodying a resistant voice laden with the values of patience and truth. The semantic employment spans multiple dimensions: symbolic and spiritual، ethical and contemporary، as well as sacred and aesthetic. The study concludes that Abbas Shukr does not merely invoke heritage but poetically recreates it to construct a bridge between the sacred and the everyday، woven into a cohesive and meaning-rich linguistic fabric

Antithetical binaries are among the most prominent stylistic and intellectual features of Al-Mutanabbi's poetry, revealing his dialectical vision of the world and his philosophical and existential sense. His poetry is based on highlighting the tension between contradictions, reflecting the depth of the human experience and its struggle with reality.
Language for Al-Mutanabbi is not limited to communication but rather plays a dialectical role, as contradictions coexist to highlight meaning and deepen significance. Binaries appear in both a linguistic dimension (structure and vocabulary) and a semantic dimension (vision and thought).
Among the most prominent antithetical binaries in his poetry are: Life ↔ Death: embodying the philosophy of immortality and annihilation. Strength ↔ Weakness: highlighting the concept of heroism and chivalry. Ego ↔ Other: between his self-esteem and his encounter with opponents. Glory ↔ Humiliation: a constant struggle toward greatness and the rejection of humiliation. Truth ↔ Illusion: the presence of reason versus emotion and imagination. Presence ↔ Absence: the dialectic of time and eternity. These dualities reveal that Al-Mutanabbi was a poet of conflict and internal tension, making language a tool for superiority and self-affirmation, and poetry a mirror for the dialectic of existence

This study aims to compare positive laws and their legitimacy in dealing with adolescents, with a focus on the Islamic perspective on raising and supporting adolescents. The fundamental problem arises from the clash between Western psychological theories, which exempt adolescents from full responsibility until the age of eighteen or older, and the principles of Islamic law, which link accountability to the physical and mental signs of puberty. The study confirms that Islamic societies' adoption of these Western concepts has led to the spread of deviant behavior among young people, necessitating the presentation of a comprehensive Islamic alternative.
The study adopts a comparative approach, comparing Islamic and Western perceptions of adolescence, highlighting the prophetic approach to dealing with youth. The study consists of three main sections: the first addresses the concept of adolescence, its origins, and stages; the second focuses on the legitimacy of raising and supporting adolescents according to the Islamic perspective; and the third discusses the legitimacy of the rules governing adolescents and their protection in Islam

يتناول هذا البحث الانتخابات الرئاسية التي جرت في كوستاريكا عام 1982، والتي أسفرت عن فوز لويس ألبرتو مونج مرشح حزب التحرير الوطني (PLN)، في سياق سياسي واقتصادي مضطرب على المستويين الداخلي والإقليمي. ركزت الدراسة على الظروف الداخلية التي سبقت الانتخابات، بما في ذلك الأزمة الاقتصادية الحادة، وتزايد الدين الخارجي، وارتفاع معدلات البطالة والتضخم، إضافة إلى تداعيات الأزمات الإقليمية في أمريكا الوسطى، ولا سيما في نيكاراغوا والسلفادور، على الاستقرار الداخلي الكوستاريكي

After the great transformation that took place in the Islamic political arena after the end of the Rashidun era (11-40AH/633-660 AD) and the establishment of the Umayyad state (41-132 AH/661-750AD), and the reflection of this on the social and political reality, when Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan drew a new policy for the Islamic state that was not familiar to Muslims, when the caliphate turned into a hereditary monarchy and the new regime does not adhere to the past completely, but rather proceeds according to the political interest that the Umayyad caliph sees, so social phenomena were greatly manifested in this era, so its thorns strengthened and became influential in various aspects, through the process of political recruitment by the Umayyah authority as well as its opponents, and this is what we will address in this research to diagnose the processes of political recruitment of phenomena and its effects on the Islamic arena

The punishment of crucifixion is one of the most prominent penalties that the Abbasids excessively used for many reasons, regardless of whether it aligned with Islamic teachings or not. Among these reasons were political ones, and this research aims to highlight the political motivations behind the punishment of crucifixion during the Abbasid era. These motivations played a fundamental role in the Abbasid state's imposition of penalties on enemies of the authority, rebels, and dissenters, as well as on insurgents. The punishment of crucifixion and public humiliation were among the most notable penalties resorted to by the Abbasid authorities to deter those movements that threatened the state and its internal security. The impact of this punishment somewhat reflected on the state's safety and political stability, as political conflict at that time was one of the most distinguishing features of that era, especially the struggle for the. The research addressed these political

The Geneva Conference was a pivotal stage in the modern political history of Laos, during which the country witnessed fundamental transformations at the internal level. 1954 marked the beginning of Laos' independence following the signing of the Geneva Accords, which ended the French colonial presence and recognized the independence and official sovereignty of Laos. Despite disagreements between the countries participating in the conference regarding the invitation of the Laotian opposition forces to the conference, they were able to participate, and at the end of the conference, agreements were concluded to establish peace and stop hostilities in Laos

Morphological Change refers to the changes that occur in the structure of words .This study attempts to investigate the types of this concept in addition to the internal and the external causes of it in English and Arabic .The method has been followed is the theortical descriptive method adopted by Trask ,R. in his book Historical Linguistics (1996),in which he insisted on combining the study of ancient languages with the study of contemporary change .
The organization of this research is as follows ; morphological change in English and Arabic are surveyed in chapter one and chapter two respectively .The last sections of these chapters are devoted to provide the practical part of the study .According to English , an account to the change of the inflectional verb system is offered during the different stages of its evolution; Old , Middle and the Early Modern . However , such account relies on the movement of verbs within the field of strong and weak forms .Particular texts from each stage of English have been selected to examine the concept in question . From Old English Verses from the poem of Beowulf have been chosen , from the Middle English ,verses from the beginning of the general porologue from the Canterbury by Chaucer are analyzed , and the Sonnet 73 by Shakespeare has been chosen from the Early Modern English . In the same respect , a group of verses from the Glorious Qur`an have been selected to test the morphological change that occurred in Arabic verb during the process of vowelization , which had been occurring continuously since the pre-Islamic period , through the period of the revelation of the Glorious Qur`an , to the modern period .The focus is obvious on the stage of the Glorious Qu`ran as it is the link between the two convenants .
This study has concluded that the morphological system in the two languages is subject to a number of valuable changes , for several reasons , such as the influence of other surrounding languages , on the one hand , and to their internal systems , on the other . The morphology of both languages is greatly affected by phonetic changes , as language users always tend toward simplicity and breviy , which later results in noticeable changes in the morphological level and other linguistic levels

Soil fertility is one of the fundamental factors that determine land suitability for agricultural production. Understanding the spatial distribution of fertility elements is essential for improving the utilization of natural resources. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of major fertility elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) in the soils of Maysan Governorate using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), through the analysis of soil data collected from different areas within the governorate. The results revealed a clear spatial variation in the levels of fertility elements, reflecting the influence of geomorphological factors and human land use.
The research aims to study the spatial distribution of fertility elements in the soils of Maysan Governorate due to their significant role in enhancing crop productivity and increasing yields. The findings showed that the distribution of the three fertility elements varied depending on soil type and location, and the concentration of each element differed across sites. Chemical analysis revealed that the highest concentration of nitrogen was found in clay soils, with an average of 26.7 mg/kg, while the lowest was recorded in sandy soils at 18.2 mg/kg.
Phosphorus was also concentrated in clay soils with an average of 24.7 mg/kg, and the lowest level was found in sandy soils at 14.5 mg/kg. As for potassium, it was most concentrated in clay-textured soils with an average of 33.2 mg/kg, while its lowest concentration was in sandy soils at approximately 22.7 mg/kg.
The study further demonstrated that the spatial variation in the distribution of fertility elements reflects the impact of both natural and human factors on soil, highlighting the importance of using GIS in understanding and analyzing soil fertility at the local level

This study aims to provide a picture of the nature of the Soviet landings on the Kerch Peninsula on December 26, 1941. The Peninsula had been occupied by German forces on November 17, 1941, and the city of Feodosia on November 29, 1941, after the Germans took control of it on November 3 of the same year. This study was considered one of the major military operations that gained strategic importance due to the peninsula's location between the Black Sea to the south and the Sea of Azov to the north, as well as its position as an entrance to the Crimean Peninsula from the east.
English and Russian books, as well as Soviet documents, have provided rich material on the nature of the Soviet-German military operations between 1941 and 1942 under study

The transformation in religious intertextuality appears as a conscious poetic strategy in modern Maysan poetry, allowing the poet to engage with religious heritage in a new way, based not only on sanctity, but on interaction and aesthetic and intellectual employment. This gives the poem a multiplied expressive energy and enables it to read reality from a culturally extended perspective through time. Transformation is a creative process through which the poet reshapes the original text, whether at the level of wording, meaning, or context, so that the source is not negated but rather repurposed in a way that grants it a new functional presence that serves the construction of the poem and deepens its symbolic or interpretive dimension.The pattern of transformation in the religious intertextuality in modern Maysan poetry is not merely based on the act of copying or quoting, but on a creative interaction with sacred texts to produce new meanings that fit the poetic context and express the poet's existential and living concerns in an artistic manner that blends heritage and modernity.The poet may alter the taken text, modifying it through transformation and inversion, believing in the limitless nature of creativity and striving to break rigidity. Thus, he produces his text and engages with verses of the Holy Quran

After the end of World War II, the demand for energy increased dramatically due to the reconstruction of Europe and Japan. The United States transformed from a net exporter of oil to an importer in 1948, which increased the importance of oil produced in other regions, particularly the Middle East. During this period, major international oil companies had almost absolute control over the production, marketing, and pricing of crude oil. These companies sought to secure cheap energy supplies for the major industrialized countries. This control resulted in very small revenues for oil-exporting countries. The year 1950 saw the beginning of the implementation of the principle of “50/50 profit-sharing” between oil companies and producing countries. This was after increasing pressure from producing countries to demand their rights. However, companies continued to try to lower prices to maintain their profits. From a technological standpoint, this period witnessed significant developments

Border conflicts in Africa represent a major threat to regional security and stability. The issue of border security in Africa is one of the pivotal issues that constitute a fundamental pillar within the framework of security and peace issues at the continental level as a whole. This issue is characterized by its historical, geographical, and social complexities, making it a decisive factor in the stability or instability of African countries, in addition to the challenges associated with border security, which include armed conflicts, the spread of terrorist groups, human and arms smuggling, illegal immigration, and the depletion of natural resources. The severity of these repercussions can be mitigated by strengthening regional cooperation, enhancing the foundations of economic development, encouraging political dialogue between countries, and the cooperation of regional and international organizations to achieve peace and stability on the continent

The poetry of Sibt Ibn Al-Taw’awithi is characterized by a deep and emotional tendency, stemming from personal suffering that was clearly reflected in his poetic experience, as alienation is one of the most prominent themes that characterized his literary production. This alienation manifests not only as an intellectual attitude or an abstract philosophical vision, but also as an acute state of feeling, imposed on it by its psychological, physical and social conditions.
Psychological ailments are one of the most prominent motives of alienation in his poetry, foremost of which is blindness, which he lost the ability to integrate into the sensory world, and deprived him of many of that life. Blindness became a symbol of the loss of meaning and a sense of helplessness in front of time and destiny. Poverty also played a pivotal role in deepening this alienation, as the poet felt selflessness in the light of the lack of the same hand, with the humiliation and deprivation that this carries.
Graying was not just a manifestation of aging in Sibt Ibn Al-Taw’awithi ,but it carried in his poetry heavy psychological connotations, reflecting the loss of vitality and the feeling of disappointment from the vicissitudes of the age, and the physical illness and disability appear in his poetry signs of extinction of self-present, and the erosion of the ability to resist pain or contribute effectively to his society.
These combined motives made the alienation of Sibt Ibn Al-Taw’awithi a phenomenon rooted in the poetic self, not as a temporary position, but as an existential fate from which it is impossible to decomption. Through the introsperence of this experience, he was able to formulate a coherent poetic discourse, sincere in tone, celebrates the complaint, and expresses the pain of the human self in the face of its harsh reality.
This research came to deal with the manifestations of alienation in the poetry of Sibt Ibn Al-Taw’awithi through his most prominent psychological motives, and we divided it into an introduction that includes the definition of the concept of alienation, and we dealt in the research with the psychological motives of alienation in the poetry of Sibt Ibn Al-Taw’awithi through two main axes, each of which sought to analyze an aspect of the self-suffering that characterized his poetic experience with the character of grief and refraction.
The first axis was devoted to the study of alienation resulting from blindness and aging, because of their direct impact on promoting a sense of helplessness, separation from reality, and loss of connection to active life and active society. Blindness was not just a physical condition, but an emotional state that deepened isolation, and made the world seem closed and dark in the eyes of the poet, while graying and aging was a symbol of withering and disappointment, feeling the end, and the accompanying inner grief and nostalgia for the time of strength and youth.
The second axis dealt with poverty as a prominent social and psychological effect for alienation, as it led to a constant sense of inferiority, refraction to the harshness of life, and the inability to achieve material and moral dignity. Poverty in his poetry was more than a living experience, but an inherent psychological state, expressed by the poet in a painful tone that reflects the loss of self in a world that is merciless to the weak.
These axes aim to reveal the deep psychological dimensions that shaped the consciousness of the expatriate poet and to highlight how alienation was not an incidental element in his poetry, but an essential component of his poetic vision.
The research concluded with a conclusion summarizing its findings, accompanied by precise documentation margins, and was proven by the sources and references on which it was based in the preparation of this study

This research aims to shed light on the effectiveness of the "role-playing" strategy in teaching school theater. This study focuses on the subject's weak use of innovative teaching methods, which negatively impacts student achievement. The importance of the study lies in strengthening students' cognitive structure and creating a learning environment based on interaction and participation, which contributes to raising the efficiency of the educational process in the field of theater.
The research is based on the main hypothesis that adopting a role-playing strategy would contribute to raising students' academic achievement in school theater. The research results concluded that the use of this strategy led to a significant improvement in student achievement, increased student interaction in class, and helped deliver educational material in a more engaging and effective manner.
In light of the results, the researcher recommends the adoption of modern teaching methods, particularly the role-playing strategy, within the middle school curricula, along with providing training programs for teachers to enhance their competence in applying this strategy in classrooms. He also suggests conducting future studies targeting other educational levels or specialized fields of theater arts, with the aim of expanding knowledge about the effectiveness of this strategy

Chester A. Arthur, the twenty-first President of the United States, assumed office in September 1881 following the assassination of President James A. Garfield. His administration focused on addressing economic recession and enhancing the efficiency of the federal government. In this context, he enacted the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which established the principle of merit-based employment in public service. He also supported the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, despite the significant controversy it generated.
Arthur sought to reduce tariff rates and stimulate trade through specialized commissions, and he oversaw the Rivers and Harbors Act, aimed at improving national infrastructure. Furthermore, he placed great emphasis on modernizing the U.S. Navy, earning the title “Father of the Steel Navy” for his determined efforts to strengthen America’s naval power, which ultimately enhanced the nation’s global military standing.
In terms of foreign policy, Arthur achieved notable successes in international conferences and worked to promote maritime and commercial cooperation. Despite these accomplishments, he has often been regarded as a “forgotten president.” However, contemporary evaluations of his legacy highlight his significant contributions to administrative reform and the modernization of state institutions. His presidency lasted until March 1885

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The caliphate of Yazid ibn Muawiyah (60-64 AH) witnessed important events such as the killing of al-Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon him), the Battle of al-Harrah, and the burning of the Kaaba. Historians have reported these events with different visions. Accordingly, the study focused on comparing what al-Yaqubi mentioned in his history with the reports of al-Tabari, Ibn al-Athir, and Ibn Khaldun. The difference in the historians’ treatment of these events became clear Al-Yaqubi was characterized by a direct critical style, while al-Tabari relied on diverse narration and transmission of different stories, while Ibn al-Athir presented a story close to al-Tabari, but he did not rely on the multiple narrative style of the stories, while Ibn Khaldun’s presentation was different; because he used a contemplative style through interpreting the facts without direct evidence, and a similarit was noted in the transmission of news in some situations

After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, it was necessary to educate the people and educate the coming generations Therefore, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk sought to form a new and indissoluble society Accordingly, one of the cultural associations in the country was dealt with and cared for, namely the Turkish Quarries, which served many cultural aspects in Turkey until 1931 He merged that association with the Republican People's Party, and established the community centers affiliated with the People's Party in 1932, to carry out various activities to serve the citizens according to principles and nine branches of work during that period (1932-1938), and each branch worked on goals to achieve socially and culturally in Türkiye