Journal wlkalam

This research examines the concept of Imamate in Muhammad Hussein Al-Saghir\\\\\\\\'s systematic interpretation of the Holy Qur\\\\\\\\'an, considering it an extension of prophethood and a guarantee of the continuation of divine guidance after the conclusion of the message. The research presents the linguistic and technical meanings of Imamate, highlighting its rational and legal necessity in light of wisdom and the principle of divine grace. It emphasizes that the Imam is a divine office that cannot be attained by the unjust, and that infallibility is an essential condition for preserving the religion from distortion and ensuring the continuation of guidance. The research also addresses the event of Ghadir Khumm as the explicit declaration of the Imamate of Ali (peace be upon him), and what it represents in establishing the divine text regarding Imamate. It focuses on the interpretation of Imam Al-Baqir (peace be upon him) as presented by Muhammad Hussein Al-Saghir in his commentary. The research clarifies that the Imams are not merely historical figures or symbolic figures, but rather represent the true continuation of prophethood.

Some people believe that the influence of jinn on humans is clearly binary, since the creation of the jinn is a form of creation that always seeks to harm humans. However, examining the verses of the Quran and the hadiths reveals otherwise. Jinn, like humans, possess both good and evil qualities; some are righteous, and some are wicked. Therefore, righteous jinn may encourage humans towards faith and piety, and also assist them in the shared aspects of life In which they share with them, and sometimes the jinn help humans in times of distress and hardship. This type of jinn is the believer among them, as he acts according to his duty. Therefore, the subject of jinn should be reconsidered from this perspective.

The research entitled \"Dr. Yahya Al-Jubouri and his role in reading the textual references to the Qur\'an in the poetry of Al-Nu\'man bin Bashir Al-Ansari\" is one of the scientific efforts of the Iraqi critic Yahya Wahib Al-Jubouri, particularly his reading of the textual references to the Qur\'an in some of the poems of Al-Nu\'man bin Bashir Al-Ansari. Professor Dr. Yahya Al-Jubouri presented a study on some of the poems of the poet Al-Numan bin Bashir Al-Ansari, attempting to identify many of the Qur\'anic influences that found their way into the lexicon of this Islamic poet. According to the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia, this critic is one of those who devoted their lives to researching heritage and related studies. He studied and researched the poetry of Al-Numan bin Bashir Al-Ansari and authored dozens of books from the early 1960s until his death in 2019 at the age of 87

The research is based on studying a pattern of synergy, namely (formative synergy) of the grammatical styles of selected texts from the poetry of women of the (pre-Islamic, Islamic and Umayyad) era. The research came to study some of the synergy of grammatical styles to form the women’s poetic text. The study was divided into two parts: The first: the synergy of two or more styles to form another grammatical style; I have divided it into various forms that represent the interaction of the grammatical structure with the speech context to form a new grammatical style, including the following: the combination of the call with its context to form the meaning of wonder, and the combination of the interrogative style with (the hamza) with the context to form the meaning of denial and reproach.
The oath style combines with its context to form a style of emphasis, and the oath style combines with its context to create a sense of wonder. The hopeful style using \"perhaps\" combines with its context to create a style of wishing, and the conditional style using \"if\" combines with its context to create a style of negation. After presenting and studying the sections and forms of this synergistic pattern, I arrived at the most important scientific conclusions.

This research examines the effect of referring the pronoun in texts, through textual interviewing, in achieving the formal and moral coherence of the text. The results have shown that using the pronoun as a referring tool contributes to connecting sentences and paragraphs internally, while enhancing the connotation and general meaning of the text. The research also showed that the textual interviewing works to highlight the rhetorical relationships between the elements of the text, and the pronoun becomes a pivotal tool in achieving the coherence between ideas and words.

The paper is titled: “The Grammatical Disagreement in the Orientation of Names by Al-Luraqi and Al-Radi”, and it deals with a set of issues related to the grammatical disagreement in names by Al-Luraqi, Al-Radi, and the grammarians. The number of controversial grammatical issues related to nouns was Six. This research was studied according to the descriptive and analytical method, focusing on the scientific personality of Al-Luraqi by presenting his opinions on grammatical issues related to names as presented in Al-Radi's Sharh al-Radhi on Kafiyah Ibn al-Hajab

Islamic schools of thought agree on the combined use of reason (`aql) and transmitted knowledge (naql) as the fundamental basis for establishing creed, though they differ regarding the priority given to each. Some schools, such as the Ash‘aris, accord primacy to transmitted knowledge, making it the principal source upon which creed is constructed and communicated to others, while reason assumes a secondary role. In contrast, the Mu‘tazilites prioritize reason as the primary and decisive standard in affirming beliefs. The school of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), exemplified by Imam Musa al-Kadhim (peace be upon him), integrates the Qur’an and the Sunnah as the primary reference for acquiring, presenting, and validating creed, while employing reason as a tool illuminated by revelation and constrained by methodological principles established by the Imam, ensuring that the integrity of the doctrinal framework is maintained

Sheikh Muhammad Ali ibn Hasan Ali al-Hairi, known as al-Sanqari, was born on the 7th of Jumada al-Awwal, 1293 AH, in the holy city of Karbala. He grew up in a prominent scholarly family; his father, Sheikh Hasan Ali al-Hamdani al-Hairi, was a devoted scholar who instilled in his children a commitment to learning and piety. Al-Sanqari received his early education in the seminaries of Karbala and later pursued advanced studies in various Islamic sciences, including jurisprudence (fiqh), principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh), philosophy, hadith, and Quranic exegesis (tafsir), under the guidance of leading scholars in Karbala and Najaf.
Sheikh al-Sanqari was distinguished by his piety, humility, and concern for the needy, alongside his active intellectual and religious contributions in Karbala and in cities he traveled to, such as Hamadan, Kermanshah, and Sanqur. He contributed significantly to spreading religious knowledge and engaging in theological debates, in addition to authoring numerous books, treatises, and manuscripts covering jurisprudence, theology, exegesis, and hadith, as well as preserving valuable elements of classical Islamic heritage.
He took care to organize his scholarly and personal legacy, emphasizing the preservation of his intellectual heritage. Sheikh al-Sanqari passed away on the 6th of Muharram, 1378 AH, in Karbala and was buried in the courtyard of Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him), after a distinguished scholarly life spanning over eighty-five years.

This research deals with rhetorical inclusion in Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry by comparing some of his verses with the sayings of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, exploring how the poet was influenced by the ideas of the wise men and the eloquence of the Imam.
The research showed that the relationship between being influenced and being influenced is complementary, as it allows the poet to draw inspiration from meanings and employ them in his own style without losing his originality.
The research also presented the types of direct, transformative, and indicative inclusion, explaining their role in enriching the poetic text and deepening the rhetorical meaning.
It concluded that Al-Mutanabbi’s inclusion of Imam Ali’s ideas reflects his rhetorical awareness and his ability to blend ideas with poetic sensibility, making his poetry a bridge between wisdom and art.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the most honorable of prophets and messengers. Now then:
The issue of integrating scientific facts into Islamic jurisprudence (ijtihad) is a modern topic that has received widespread attention, especially with the rapid development of medical and technological sciences. Jurists face significant challenges in utilizing these facts without violating Islamic principles, particularly in emerging issues such as "brain death." Everyone must realize that fatwas based on speculative ijtihad evidence, such as custom and public interest, may change with the advancement of science and the discovery of new facts. This requires mujtahids to ensure continuous learning and seek the assistance of scholars specializing in various scientific fields to ensure the validity and realism of their ijtihad.
The study demonstrated the importance of relying on confirmed scientific facts in Islamic jurisprudence (ijtihad), while respecting definitive Islamic texts. It also clarified how understanding these facts enhances the accuracy of Islamic rulings in emerging issues, particularly in sensitive issues such as defining legal death through the "brain death" model. I also reviewed examples of the views of jurists on this issue, emphasizing the need for clear controls for relying on science in Islamic legal reasoning, so that it does not fall into suspicion or unproven theories.
I recommended increasing awareness among jurists and specialists of the importance of cooperation between Islamic law and modern sciences, in addition to encouraging joint research and study to achieve contemporary Islamic legal reasoning capable of keeping pace with contemporary developments without compromising the fundamentals of religion.

Time is one of the most important elements of the novel's artistic structure; indeed, it is considered the backbone that holds all its joints together. In this research, we have attempted to study narrative time in the novel "The Garden of Life" by Latifa al-Dulaimi, given its significant role in the development of Iraqi narrative, and the fact that its author is considered one of the most prominent and important female figures in Iraqi novel writing. Through this research, we concluded that the author made extensive use of the flashback technique to return to the past and recall previous events. She also made very limited use of the foreshadowing technique to anticipate future events through various means and channels, predicting or forecasting what is to come. Regarding the slowing down or speeding up of time...

The topic focuses on semiotics in the Quranic verses of Surah Al-Qamar by providing a concise yet detailed analysis of the chapter's meanings through an exploration of its symbols and central concepts. The analysis seeks to uncover the moral and intellectual effects conveyed by the surah, relying on several key themes. Firstly, semiotics in names within Surah Al-Qamar highlights the use of literary devices such as metaphor, extended simile, and elaboration to amplify themes of warning and intimidation. It further discusses contrast between the wrongdoers and the righteous, antithesis, embellished rhyme, and repetitive expressions aimed at emphasizing reprimand. The analysis also explores rhetorical questions with disapproving tones and the utilization of explicit, implicit, and analogical metaphors. Additionally, it examines two forms of paronomasia: complete and partial. Secondly, semiotics in actions focuses on elements like verbal paronomasia and derivation, hyperbolic expressions, and interrogative forms with an underlying tone of censure. It particularly emphasizes rebuke-oriented rhetorical questions to enhance the intensity of meanings. Lastly, semiotics in letters investigates the stylistic employment of certain linguistic particles. For instance, the letter "ba" is used to indicate transitivity, assistance, or temporal context, while "ind" signifies proximity or location. Similarly, "ila" denotes the ultimate destination of something. The particle "am" functions to provoke reflection and reinforce meanings while introducing a reproachful nuance.

Although the term "Poetic Image" is a modern critical term, the concept was available to ancient Arab critics through their attention to the rhetorical styles that achieve poetic depiction. This depiction is achieved through words, imagination, emotion, and the selection of rhetorical styles that provide the optimal expression of the poet's idea. For example, we find Ibn Qutaybah (died 276 AH) who pointed to the importance of meanings and depiction in Al-Shi'r wa-l-Shu'ara' (Poetry and Poets). Also, 'Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (died 471 AH) referred to the relationship between the word and the meaning and that the beauty of speech appears through depiction and imagination, stating that eloquence is not in the word alone, but in the composition and the figurative depiction of the meaning.
The poetic image is formed as a representation of the poet's feeling in transferring the experience from reality to art. It contributes to achieving the required addition to reality, and the experience has moved from the poet towards the space of the poem (1).
We find that the relationship between the poetic subject and the poetic image is a strong one, where one illuminates the other, and contributes to its growth within the poetic structure of the qasida or the stanza (2).
The importance of forming the image in the structure of the poetic text lies in its being the poet's artistic tool. The poet uses this tool to formulate their poetic experience, embody their ideas, and personify their emotions in a tangible artistic way. The poet's ideas and emotions remain static and valueless unless they crystallize into poetic images that convey them to others. Through the poetic image, the poet works to rephrase and reformulate reality into a new image that may surpass the beauty and impact of the external reality itself. This is because the effectiveness of the poetic image comes from its ability to combine disparate facts (3).
The poets derived the sources and tributaries of their poetic images, from which the formation of images emerged and were supplied with elements of beauty. These sources varied according to the poet's culture, the richness of their experience, the breadth of their imagination, the culture of the society, and the development of the environment in which they lived

This study explores liability for the perishing of a sold item during the option period, comparing Islamic jurisprudence with the Iraqi and Egyptian civil codes. It shows that Islamic jurisprudence bases liability on ownership, possession, and the existence of contractual options, relying on principles such as al-kharāj bi-al-ḍamān and al-ghunm bi-al-ghurm. In contrast, civil law assigns liability based mainly on actual delivery. Despite differing doctrinal bases, both systems often reach similar practical outcomes, particularly regarding partial damage and defects, which lead to rescission or compensation in Islamic law and to warranty and price reduction in civil law.

This research aims to study a subtle aspect of the methodology of early hadith critics: the identification of defects based on differences in understanding rather than differences in narration. This type of defect has a profound impact on their judgments of prophetic hadiths. The researcher found that many hadiths with seemingly sound chains of transmission were deemed defective by critics due to a hidden meaning related to the narrator's understanding or their omission of a significant contextual clue. This reveals that hadith criticism among early scholars was not limited to tracing chains of transmission but was based on a complex approach that balanced narration and meaning. In its initial stages, the research presents a linguistic and terminological foundation for the concept of defect (`illah). It then explores the connection between the linguistic meaning of a hidden flaw and the hadith scholars' use of this term in evaluating hadiths.

The topic of semantic style is one of the important topics in the study of the Qur'anic text, as it explores the depths of its composition and its impact on the recipient by examining Qur'anic texts through the tools of semantic style and how to employ them within the text according to the eight semantic style cases that we revealed within the research and knowing the extent of the impact of those cases within the text.

This study undertakes an investigative rhetorical analysis of Qur’anic texts that employ ellipsis as a semantic device. Rather than being a mere omission, ellipsis functions as a stylistic mechanism for intensifying meaning and deepening the layers of implication. In the first passage, the vocative expression "O My servants" is constructed with an omitted divine name; the text does not explicitly state “servants of God”. In the second passage, "His servant" carries a similar function. It does not merely operate as a grammatical pronoun, but symbolically stands for the elided divine name, implying "the servant of God". Through linguistic, rhetorical, and exegetical readings, the study demonstrates that such ellipsis is not a case of stylistic brevity, but a deliberate choice designed to deepen the text’s meaning and connect the reader directly to the divine essence. This rhetorical strategy highlights the flexibility of Qur’anic discourse, wherein the pronoun or possessive suffix functions as an allusive marker of the greatest Name—Allah—without explicit mention. The study concludes that ellipsis in Qur’anic rhetoric does not signify absence of meaning, but rather its most concentrated and profound presence. These examples reveal a distinctive rhetorical pattern that engages the reader in an interpretive act, compelling them to retrieve the omitted element through both linguistic awareness and spiritual consciousness.

Grammatical structures have certain restrictions imposed by the rule according to what the sentence requires. For a reason required by the context of use, which is revealed by the recipient’s linguistic knowledge and his interpretive competence of the text, the form of the structure, with the grammatical and semantic properties it carries according to its wording, is identical and linked to its function that it performs in the structure. Therefore, our research entitled (the imposed syntactic restrictions and their impact in determining the pivotal roles in verses of call and response) came to analyze its main elements and then identify the tools for restricting them in addition to the participating elements that make up the structure of the verse’s structure in an integrated and detailed way that indicates The relationship between the elements in a precise manner, as the nominal or actual attribution with the other restrictions that control the structure completely, such as (adverb, adjective, addition, adverb, conjunctions, adjective, negation, affirmation... and others) reveals a connection between the elements of the structure in order to perform its grammatical function based on their pivotal roles in the most complete and best way.

This research examines the art of simile through a comparative study of Al-Jurjani's analysis and ChatGPT's analysis. It aims to study the art of simile as one of the most prominent mechanisms of figurative language in Arabic rhetoric, by comparing two analyses that are temporally and methodologically distant: one belonging to the Arab rhetorical critical heritage, represented by Al-Jurjani (d. 471 AH), and the other belonging to generative artificial intelligence, represented by the ChatGPT model. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of a selected group of poetic models that Al-Jurjani addressed in his book Asrar al-Balaghah, and comparing them with the analysis that ChatGPT presents for the same models, while tracing the semantic, functional, and aesthetic dimensions of simile in both approaches

The results showed an overlap in the perception of some general rhetorical functions of simile, such as its role in clarification and imagination. The research revealed that ChatGPT is able to generate formally acceptable rhetorical analysis, but it lacks the interpretive depth associated with the cultural and psychological contexts from which Arab rhetoricians operated.

Therefore, the automated analysis in the ChatGPT AI model of deeply rhetorical texts, or those containing very deep emotional and intellectual projections, as well as texts that do not have a specific meaning, cannot yield accurate results. It is incapable of reaching perfection, as we observed in its analysis of some poetic images. The research concludes that combining classical human analysis with automated analysis can produce new results if the conceptual tools of both approaches are reframed.

This study examines the concept of “‘Illat al-Ishar” (the cause of indication) in Al-Suhayli’s Natā’ij al-Fikr fī al-Naḥw, which he relied upon to explain various grammatical phenomena. The research demonstrates that “‘Illat al-Ishar” is a key grammatical principle for interpreting linguistic issues and deriving rulings that ensure their stability in a particular form. The study is structured into two main sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and a bibliography. The first section addresses the definition of Ishar in both linguistic and technical terms, its role according to Al-Suhayli, and his methodology in grammatical reasoning. The second section analyzes nine grammatical issues discussed in Natā’ij al-Fikr regarding “‘Illat al-Ishar,” employing a descriptive approach to present Al-Suhayli’s perspective, followed by a survey of other grammarians’ views, and finally an analytical approach aimed at reaching original and well-founded conclusions.

Studies in jurisprudence and its principles, particularly those concerning jurists and their methodologies, are still in their nascent stages. Although some jurists and scholars of Usul al-Fiqh, along with their works and methodologies, constitute a primary source for the subject of Usul al-Fiqh, Sheikh Murtadha al-Ansari is among them. He is considered a reviver of Usul al-Fiqh in the later period, especially in the thirteenth century AH. This jurist was distinguished by his vast knowledge, meticulous research, and prolific writings. However, despite his fame and service to Sharia and religion, we have not found a comprehensive study dedicated to explaining his method and approaches in compiling his jurisprudential books.

The content of economic authorization represents one of the most spectacular pillars of viable evolution at the present time, as well as a fertile field for present-day economic and social studies as a result of its aim of achieving social equity given to women by Islam, which is different from the predominant norms that disadvantage females from taking place in commercial and economical activities. This study achieve to illustrate a variety of economic rights that are disadvantaged by women from participating in commercial and economic activities and falling to recognize the interdependence of woman in the field of financial capacity. In addition, this study touch on the Quranic framework in creating the basis of this on going issue by investigating the broad context of the Quranic verses, interpreting the verses of Quran and showing their alliance with the involvement of the modern-day experience.

This research explores scientific and cosmic allusions in the Qur’an through a linguistic and analytical approach, aiming to clarify how the Qur’anic text guides human thought toward reflecting on natural phenomena without imposing modern scientific terminology onto its vocabulary. The study addresses the core question of how to interpret scientific references in the Qur’an in a methodologically balanced way that maintains the linguistic integrity of the text while engaging with established scientific knowledge.
The first section establishes the theoretical linguistic foundations of Qur’anic discourse by examining controlled semantic multiplicity, precision in lexical choice, structural coherence, rhetorical imagery, and the decisive role of context in guiding meaning. This framework demonstrates that the Qur’anic language is characterized by general yet precise expressions that remain open to renewed understanding while preserving the original intent of the text.
The second section applies this framework to key Qur’anic passages dealing with human embryonic development, the expansion of the universe, geological functions of mountains and the earth, the water cycle and vegetation, and aspects of animal life. The analysis shows that the Qur’anic expressions are comprehensive and functional, aligning with confirmed scientific findings without being tied to changing scientific models. Scientific inimitability in the Qur’an is therefore rooted in linguistic accuracy and semantic depth rather than in direct empirical detailing.
The research concludes that a linguistic–contextual methodology offers the most balanced approach to interpreting scientific references, ensuring that the Qur’anic text is neither restricted by shifting scientific terminology nor detached from intellectual engagement with scientific discovery. It recommends strengthening applied studies that integrate linguistic analysis with scientific awareness while avoiding excessive interpretations that undermine the methodological reliability of Qur’anic scientific studies

This research explores scientific and cosmic allusions in the Qur’an through a linguistic and analytical approach, aiming to clarify how the Qur’anic text guides human thought toward reflecting on natural phenomena without imposing modern scientific terminology onto its vocabulary. The study addresses the core question of how to interpret scientific references in the Qur’an in a methodologically balanced way that maintains the linguistic integrity of the text while engaging with established scientific knowledge.
The first section establishes the theoretical linguistic foundations of Qur’anic discourse by examining controlled semantic multiplicity, precision in lexical choice, structural coherence, rhetorical imagery, and the decisive role of context in guiding meaning. This framework demonstrates that the Qur’anic language is characterized by general yet precise expressions that remain open to renewed understanding while preserving the original intent of the text.
The second section applies this framework to key Qur’anic passages dealing with human embryonic development, the expansion of the universe, geological functions of mountains and the earth, the water cycle and vegetation, and aspects of animal life. The analysis shows that the Qur’anic expressions are comprehensive and functional, aligning with confirmed scientific findings without being tied to changing scientific models. Scientific inimitability in the Qur’an is therefore rooted in linguistic accuracy and semantic depth rather than in direct empirical detailing.
The research concludes that a linguistic–contextual methodology offers the most balanced approach to interpreting scientific references, ensuring that the Qur’anic text is neither restricted by shifting scientific terminology nor detached from intellectual engagement with scientific discovery. It recommends strengthening applied studies that integrate linguistic analysis with scientific awareness while avoiding excessive interpretations that undermine the methodological reliability of Qur’anic scientific studies

The Role of Waqf in Tabarsi's Tafsir
The Holy Qur'an is the eternal Book of God Almighty, His enlightening constitution, and His eternal sign. It contains everything an individual needs in his life and everything that concerns him after his death. Therefore, God Almighty revealed it as a blessed book for contemplation and remembrance. Since understanding this precious book depends on explaining its meanings, all of this is due to correct waqf and ibtida', for through them the meanings are clarified and the paths of structures are made clear. A reader may stumble upon a word that turns the meaning upside down, as does the beginning. Tabarsi's Tafsir is among the most prominent tafsirs that focused on the role of waqf in explaining verses. Given the importance of waqf in this tafsir, we seek to clarify its role in this tafsir through a descriptive and analytical approach. After studying the positions of pauses in al-Tabarsi's interpretation, we discovered a number of results, including that pause marks are used in al-Tabarsi's interpretation to guide the reader toward a specific semantic understanding of the verses and contribute to clearly defining meanings. The impact of pause marks on al-Tabarsi's interpretation was evident in clarifying the subtle differences in the meanings of the verses, leading to a deeper and more accurate understanding of the Quranic texts. The correct use of pause marks in al-Tabarsi's interpretation contributed to improving Quranic understanding and guiding the reader toward a more accurate reading and deeper interpretation of the texts. Al-Tabarsi followed a unique interpretive approach in using pause marks, distinguishing his interpretation from other commentaries.