Gulf Economist

Abstract This study aims to determine the impact of applying the foundations and principles of governance on achieving the objectives of the National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia (NCB) from the perspective of customers. This is done through research questions about the application of the foundations and principles of governance. To measure this impact, the descriptive analytical approach and the case study approach were used. A random sample of (100) NCB customers was selected for the study. A questionnaire was prepared to survey their opinions on four axes, in (27) paragraphs. The questionnaire was analyzed to determine the extent to which the respondents\\\\\\\\' answers to the research problem questions were verified, and the extent of the connection between the study axes. The study reached the most important results and recommendations as follows:
First: The most important results:
1. The study concluded that the National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia (NCB) is committed to implementing governance in its banking systems from the perspective of customers, as the overall average weighted arithmetic mean for the axis is 4.125, a high percentage.
2. The degree of governance practice in its banking transactions from the perspective of customers, as the overall average weighted arithmetic mean for the axis is 4.18, a high degree of agreement with the hypothesis.
3. The governance process helps protect shareholders\\\\\\\\' rights, as the overall weighted arithmetic mean for the axis is 4.12, a high percentage.
Second: Key Recommendations:
1. Focus on practicing governance and addressing shortcomings in banking services to increase the effectiveness of achieving objectives.
2. Raising banking awareness through the application of governance principles and foundations.
3. Expanding the scope of community service to raise awareness of the bank and increase customer.
Keywords:
Governance, National Commercial Bank (NCB), Customers.
.

Abstract This study aims to test the moderating role of safety communications in the relationship between safety rules and procedures and prevention of marine accidents and injuries for a sample of workers on marine vessels in the Iraqi General Company for Sea Ports. The importance of this study came to determine and know the nature of the relationship between the study variables (safety rules and procedures, safety communications, prevention of marine accidents and injuries). In order to achieve the study objectives, a model was formulated consisting of three main variables and two main hypotheses, each of which has a set of sub-hypotheses. The analytical survey method was adopted, and the study relied on a simple random sample of workers on marine vessels. (400) questionnaires were distributed, and the number of returned questionnaires was (360), while those valid for statistical analysis amounted to (310) questionnaires. With a response rate of (77.5%), all questionnaires were subjected to statistical analysis using the statistical program (smartpls) and the statistical program (SPSS.V25). The study reached a set of results The study also concluded that there is a relationship between safety rules and procedures and the prevention of marine accidents and injuries. Based on these results, a set of conclusions and recommendations were formulated., including the presence of a moderating role for safety communications between safety rules and procedures and prevention of marine accidents and injuries

This study aims to reduce ship accidents and injuries among personnel working
aboard marine vessels in the General Company for Maritime Transport and the General Company for Iraqi Ports. It also seeks to promote a strong culture of maritime
safety and enhance crew efficiency through systematic training and organized
emergency response planning. Based on official accident and injury data from both
companies, the researcher developed a hypothetical model examining the relationship
between maritime safety management as the independent variable and accidents and
injuries in marine work as the dependent variable. The study adopted an exploratory
approach and surveyed 282 employees (155 from Iraqi Ports and 127 from Maritime Transport). Data were analyzed using Excel, SPSS, and AMOS. The results indicated
insufficient attention to maritime safety management systems and identified human
error as a key cause of accidents. The study recommends stronger leadership
commitment, continuous training, improved communication, and regular safety audits

This study aims to analyze the relationship between oil revenues and banking liquidity in Bank of Baghdad during the study period, within the context of the Iraqi economy’s heavy reliance on oil revenues as a main source of public income. The research adopts a descriptive analytical approach by examining several banking liquidity indicators related to the bank’s financial activity. The results reveal variations in liquidity levels during the study period due to economic conditions and fluctuations in oil revenues. The study also highlights the importance of efficient liquidity management in maintaining financial stability and improving the utilization of the bank’s resources.

Abstract International finance represents a key driving force of the global economy through the movement of capital across countries, aiming to meet national financing needs and ensure the continuity of economic development. Accordingly, the study of the role of international finance and its economic contribution constitutes an important area of academic research. This study examines the levels and trends of international finance in the Iraqi economy during the period (2010–2021), in addition to analyzing the contribution of its main forms, namely external debt, international aid, and foreign direct investment to the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator. The study concludes that the contribution of international finance to achieving economic development in Iraq has not been sufficiently effective to bring about tangible changes in the country’s productive and investment reality. The descriptive analytical methodology, along with data analysis, was employed to achieve the objectives of the study and test its hypothesis.