journal of Basic Sciences

The exposure of nations and peoples in our world today, whether to natural disasters such as floods, fires, or epidemics, or human disasters such as wars, social conflicts, and others, shows its ability to efficient capabilities and strengths by overcoming them in a way that preserves national security, and the natural and human geographic assets that the United States of America enjoys are a clear example of this matter. National and global health security, which witnessed a deadly phenomenon that humanity had not previously known, revealed the ability of countries on the surface of the globe, and a clear discrepancy between them in terms of damage, treatments, and the results of injuries in their societies. The study revealed that the healthcare sector ranks third in terms of market value after each of the financial and technological sectors in the United States of America. Five times the public budget for the year 2020, In addition, what the United States spends on research and development for this sector amounted to 3.7% of the total financial spending, amounting to 476 billion dollars, thus occupying the first place in the world. The research shows that the political geography of the United States, with its economic, scientific, and technological assets, was a decisive and important factor in controlling the epidemic and reducing its cost, and thus it sends a message to all countries that they do not want the emergence of competing international powers that affect their leadership of the global system, and this time through the gateway to the global health system too.

The educational services are considered impactful to the development of urban communities as they are related to several social, economic, cultural, and technical aspects. This paper, therefore, elaborates on this point by investigating how the location of educational institutions is affected and it is effective in the lives and businesses of residents. It is a well-known fact that a farther an educational institution is situated, the less services this institution will provide. To this end, the paper chose Wana, an urban district of Nineveh, as a sample of such distribution. The aim is to find out how effective educational services can be with regard to urban communities.

Studying and analyzing populations is one of the necessary topics for our daily lives, which has a close relationship with human studies, especially population geography. The research aims to identify the distribution of the youth category aged between (15-29) between urban and rural areas in terms of their age and gender composition, distributed across fourteen administrative units in Wasit governorate. The Central Statistical Organization and Information Technology of the Ministry of Planning data were relied upon, where the age groups were divided into three categories (15-19), (20-24), (25-29) over a period of three years (1997-2007-2017(

Almighty God is the creator of the universe, existence, and life. He is the only one who set regulations to the living orders. These orders were communicated to men through holy texts and scriptures so that men could follow and obey these rules. The rules of existence were made to men by differentiating bad from good, evil from good, and so on. The entire verse of earth and heavens is controlled and regulated by God. This paper, therefore, draws on the importance of Quran as a source of rules for men to follow and as an evidence of miracles for men to believe.

Throughout history, atheism has been just an individual case taken by one person here and another there, without having that wide resonance among the general public, without being formed and formed in the form of an intellectual or social current that harvests supporters and followers.
In our time, the invention of many means of spreading and promoting ideas, and mastering many means of persuasion, and with the renewal of many factors leading to atheism or the creation of new factors, the matter has completely differed in an unprecedented way in the history of human society, as it seems like the atheistic position - like other intellectual positions in our time on its way to formation in the form of an intellectual or social current that spreads and expands and is working to promote it and harness the tools, energies and techniques that help make it An intellectual vision palatable to the general human society.
The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is exposed to the most dangerous wave of disintegration targeting religion, family and society alike. Striking religion means breaking up the family and society to create an unhealthy environment in which infidelity prevails and distance from the value system.
Due to the large number of atheism in recent years and its rapid and frightening spread using more advanced methods and methods than before, which led to a decline in the amount of preservation of moral and human values and the disintegration of the family and society and other reasons that prompted the researcher to be exposed to that fierce attack on religion and the value system to write this research by offering a number of treatments and solutions: These include adhering to religious law, adhering to moral values, spreading awareness, providing permissible alternatives to society, and eliminating and combating ignorance and backwardness.
Hence the urgent need to work hard to find a treatment that combines scientific strength and comprehensiveness on the one hand, and smoothness in style and gentleness of discourse on the other hand; and for that this research in your hands was the beginning of the road towards finding a treatment for this phenomenon. And from God success.

The research aims to identify some hidden aspects of natural disasters, particularly the unsearched floods that affected the Iraqi community under the Abbasid caliphate. The impact of these disasters on the locals was evident through the destruction they left on various aspects of life. The research, accordingly, aims to identify the negative effects and damage caused by floods on people's lives and public and private property.

Al-Tusi had been a well-known 10-th century Muslim thinker, theologian, and scholar with a large legacy of works on economics, state administration, and public regulations. Having lived in the medieval, Muslim-dominated flourishing ages, Al-Tusi spared no effort and time to write treatises on the management of businesses and many other human-related interests. This paper, therefore, draws on the significance of business and economics in the Muslim settings, especially if such significance is based Quranic and prophetic references. Al-Tusi's Alkhilaf, a renowned treatise on economic affairs, had drawn the attention of later scholars and learned men to unfold the views and regulations of Islam as to properties, revenues, profits, and business-related monetization. This paper, accordingly, investigates this economic gap with a particular emphasis on tithe and taxation as gathered and regulated at state-level Muslim communities.

This paper proposes a different method for teaching physics to intermediate graders. To achieve this aim, the following null hypothesis has been formulated: There are no statistically significant differences at the indicative level (0.05), in the average grades of experimental model-taught students, following the standpoint learning theory, and the traditionally-taught students. A test tool has been designed to control the application of the proposed technique. The test sample included 74 intermediate students of the Al-Naba’ Al-adheem Intermediate School affiliated with the Thi-Qar Education Directorate/ Qalat Sikar Education Department. Test parameters chosen are age (months), test background knowledge, and intelligence. The theoretical objectives of the test were built based on 170 behavioural goals especially designed in accordance with Bloom’s level (remember, understand, apply, analyze). The teaching plans set are 16 study plans. As for the achievement test, it is a 40-multiple choice sheet. Test validity and reliability have been checked independently through statistical means and a t-test. The study finds that the model-taught students have achieved higher scoring than the traditionally-taught students. The paper, finally, concludes with several results, recommendations, and suggestions.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the proposed training program in developing the teaching skills of Arabic language teachers. The study used the descriptive and the experimental approaches with a dimensional design for two equal groups. The research sample consisted of (40) male and female teachers which consists of (40) items of multiple-choice type, and (5) essay items, and verified its validity, stability and psychometric characteristics, and used the appropriate statistical means to test the hypotheses, which is the t-test for two independent samples. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group that underwent the proposed training program at the expense of the control group that did not subject to the training program, and it also showed that there was an effectiveness of the proposed training program in developing the teaching skills of the trainees. The study recommends the adaptation of the training program in developing the teaching skills of Arabic language teachers to keep pace with the progress in the field of technology. The study also suggests the necessity of conducting similar studies in other disciplines.

This paper aims at highlighting the effect of snowball strategy in developing reading skills for third-year primary special-education pupils. To this end, an empirical research design has been chosen as it applicable and appropriate for such studies. The study sample included two groups of special education pupils; an experimental snowball-taught nine-pupil group, and a controlling traditionally-taught nine-pupil group. The test variables involved are age, grade, parental education, and pre-test reading skills. The reading test measured three key skills; comprehension, speed, and accuracy. The statistical and methodological processing (using Mann-Whitney test) of the test items showed that snowball-taught group achieved higher results than the traditionally-taught group. The paper, finally, concludes with findings, results, recommendations, and suggestions.

Tourism is a cornerstone in the development of the economic sectors of the state and local areas alike, so the necessity of setting development plans by the state institutions concerned with this field is a duty of utmost priority in order to advance and develop this economic activity and support other sectors, especially in Those parts that possess many natural and human components for tourism, such as the Akre district with its diverse terrain and diverse historical, cultural and human heritage, Where the district owns (31) tourist sites installed with the Tourism Department of the district, currently it is exploiting (13) of them for tourism, which are visited by tourists from different Iraqi cities. Conducting a comprehensive development of the untapped and not indicated tourist areas, according to various scientific methods, such as implemented by this research paper. It was relied on (14) natural and human geographical variables specific to Akre district in deriving (4) ideal ranges for conducting natural tourism development in Akre district, which are ranges (high optimum, medium optimum, weak optimum, specific optimum), as well as the range of (excluded lands). From this process, the optimum ranges for conducting natural tourism development in it came with varying rates ranging between (18.16, 27.63, 6.53, 12.40%) respectively, and the remaining percentage (35.29%), which included the parts excluded from the implementation of any development plans for the development of natural eco-tourism in Akre District.

The study of the subject of the religious endowments of the semi-autonomous Emirates princes in the Islamic East (205-617 AH / 821-1220 AD) is one of the topics worthy of study and investigation, and one deserves to stop with reflection and extensive study. Because it relates to an important aspect of the Islamic East and showing the civilized face of the princes and sultans of the Emirates of the Islamic East, political conflicts and liquidations have always been the prominent feature of these Emirates throughout the study period, which formed the most prominent interface of the history of the Islamic East.

The Islamic East was distinguished in the third and fourth centuries of Hijra / the ninth and tenth centuries of AD by the large number of military events, as it was a semi-independent, dispersed emirates fighting each other, as well as the endeavor of each of these emirates to employ trained soldiers and armies to achieve strategic goals in spreading Islam And its consolidation in some regions of the country beyond the pagan river in this era. If the military system was the basis on which these Emirates relied in achieving their political goals, which enabled them to seize vast lands and properties in the Islamic East, and this necessitated the presence of a large, strong and permanent army, and the necessity of having defensive military facilities in order to achieve its goals of control, expansion and self-defense against external forces. That is why the princes of these emirates gave special importance to the military fortifications, and due to this importance, this research came under the title: ((Military installations in the Islamic East during the eras of the semi-independent Emirates in the third and fourth centuries AH / the ninth and tenth centuries AD)) to study the military fortifications of these Emirates and demonstrate their importance . The study included an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion with the results of the research. As for the first topic, it was devoted to knowing: castles, fortresses, and towers in these emirates, which are considered among the elements, components, and features of military architecture in the Islamic East, while the second topic dealt with walls, doors, and trenches, as these countries represented the cities of the frontiers, which made them vulnerable to greedy powers, which prompted princes These Emirates need to take care of these military installations and fortify them .

It is not possible to unilaterally research and analyze the topics of a culture, without covering it, and resolving the differences that exist within the scope of the language from which it was woven, and therefore every problem in constructing any language results in an apparent gap in its culture, and in the event of the problem that we have been exposed to, it causes the total heterogeneity of the participating parties In building the unified culture structure, because there is no real participation linking the structures together, and they cannot complement each other. In it, we see another aspect of human oppression in its wide range, which overshadows the situation employed by "Jean Dost" (*). The research tries to stand on these stations, as it enriches them with evidence in three novels: (Mirnama, Mahabad, and Three Steps to the Gallows) by this novelist.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all teaching and learning activities were required to be converted to distance learning, which is commonly known as Home Learning. This sudden adjustment necessitated excellent cooperation from all parties involved, notably teachers, parents, and students. However, the adoption of this new teaching strategy was not without its challenges and implications. The degree to which students were motivated to study was one of many factors that affected how well learning from home worked. If the teaching strategy and the medium utilized to deliver the lesson are engaging and interesting, students—especially young ones—would be encouraged to learn. As a result, animation video was created in this study as the online learning medium for young students. From the perspectives of teachers and parents, this study sought to determine the efficacy of animation videos for teaching English to young students. The study being conducted was qualitative and descriptive in nature. The data was gathered through observing, the distribution of questionnaires, and preliminary interviews. The data were then organized, reduced, described, interpreted, and validated just before further analysis. The findings of this study indicated that using animation videos as a form of online instruction for young students is an excellent way to motivate them to learn. It is believed that this study's findings will be beneficial to add scientific knowledge, particularly in the area of English language teaching for young students.