Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

The research aims at finding out:
• The effect of the 1st. training area per play course analysis on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers
• The effect of the 2nd. training area per play course analysis on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers
• The effect of the 3rd. training area per play course analysis on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers
• The effect of training area difference per play course analysis on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers
The researchers have applied the experimental method for its convenience with the nature of the research and the experiment was performed on a sample of (30) young footballers playing to Briety football club, aged (16-19) and were deliberately chosen and randomly divided into three experimental groups in the amount of (10) players for each. Homogeneity among the research groups regarding the following variables (age, height, mass), equivalence in aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter has been achieved.
The experimental design known as the (equivalent groups design) of random selection and pre and post-tests has been adopted. The research procedures have also included the rationing the analysis of play course of five football games within Kurdistan-Iraq young footballers tournament to identify the different areas used in the research, then to design the exercises of different training areas which were applied on the three groups of the research. Next, pre-tests and the exercises of different training areas were conducted. The first experimental group has conducted exercises in a training area of (1488m2) , the second experimental group has conducted exercises in a training area of (988 m2), while The third experimental group has conducted exercises in a training area of (588 m2)
The researchers have concluded the following:
• The first training area (1488m2 ) per play course analysis performed by the first experimental group has positive effect on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers and the differences between pre and post-tests have reached significance.
• The second training area (988m2 ) per play course analysis performed by the second experimental group has positive effect on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers. The differences between the pre and post-tests have reached significance.
• The third training area (588m2 ) per play course analysis performed by the third experimental group has positive effect on the aerobic abilities and fatigue parameter of young footballers. The differences between the pre and post-tests have reached significance.
• The first training area (1488m2 ) per play course analysis performed by the first experimental group has a greater positive effect than the second experimental group which performed the first training area (988m2) and the third experimental group which performed the second training area (588m2) and this effect has reached significance in comparison with the three groups in post-test

The search aims to:
1- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases of skills in team square and rival square to the first half in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
2- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases of skills in team square and rival square to the second half in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
3- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases of skills in team square and rival square in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
4- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases to fixed states in team square and rival square to the first half in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
5- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases to fixed states in team square and rival square to the second half in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
6- Recognizing number of successful and failed cases to fixed states in team square and rival square in all the games and the percentage of the total and the partial for two football seasons.
The researchers use the descriptive approach for the nature and the problem of the search, the search sample was chosen in the intentional way and the consisted from the Nineveh sports Club in the Futsal game, the participant included the premier league for Clubs of the country for two football seasons(2007, 2013), the researchers used the following methods:
Personal interview, Questionnaire, Analysis forms, personal laptop, Games video Discs, the percentage was used as a statistical medium.
The most important conclusions reached by the researchers:
- The successful percentage of skills are greater than the failed percentage of skills in the two football seasons and in both halves, Except for the cutting skill in two halves of a game and the Dodge skill of the second half of the(2007) season the failed percentage was greater than the successful percentage, As well as the successful percentages of skills in the rival square and in the first half of the(2013) are greater than the same percentage for the(2007) season.
- The successful percentage of fixed states are greater than the failed percentage of fixed states in the two football seasons and in both halves, Except for penalty kick (10 m) in the first half of a game of the(2007) season, the failed percentage was greater than the successful percentage, As well as the successful percentages of fixed states in the rival square and in the first half of the(2013) are greater than the same percentage for the(2007) season.

The aim of the research is to structure tests for the compatibility abilities of football players for ages (13-15) years and to find their standard grades. The descriptive method was used in the survey method to achieve the research goals. The research community is one of the football players of 13-15 years of football academies in Mosul. The study sample included 104 players from the Mosul Sports Club Academy and the Andalus Academy. They were selected in a deliberate manner. The researchers used the analysis of sources, research and questionnaire to determine the compatibility abilities. A set of behavioral attitudes were designed as proposed tests. A number of experiments were conducted to determine the validity of the tests. The aim was to determine the scientific basis for the tests. The most important results were that the proposed tests enjoy scientific transactions of honesty, consistency, objectivity and suitability, indicating that the design of the tests was done in accordance with sound scientific methods of construction Standard scores for final tests were found.

The research aimed at:
1- Recognizing the values of some physical measurements bio kinematics variables of the arms movement and some physical measurements values in the back swimming .
2- Finding the relationship between the values of some bio kinematics variables of the arms movement and values of some physical measurements .
3- Finding of the relationship between the values of some biokinematics variables of the arms under study .
In the research procedures:
The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research problem. The sample of the research was chosen in the deliberate manner by the students of the college of physical education and sport sciences / University of Mosul for the academic year (2018-2019). The researchers used (6) students scientific observation , analysis , measurement , to collect data to obtain the values of some biochemical parameters of the swimmers and the physical measurements of the swimmers . The technical scientific observation was achieved through the use of video imaging. The study included a number of physical measurements and some biochemical variables of the arms, and the data was processed statistically using the following means through the use of the researchers statistical bag (SPSS).
The arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and the simple correlation coefficient(person)
In light of the results of the research, the researchers reached the following conclusions:
1- There is a significant correlation between some physical measurements with some biokiniematics variables values in arms movement .
2- There is significant correlation between the values of some biokiniematics variables of the arms movements in the back swimming.
The researchers recommended a set of recommendations to be used in the field of education and training to achieve the best achievement.

The research aims at:
- Construction and applying a quality standard for the training environment among the players of athletics in Iraq.
- Identifying the quality of the training environment among the players of athletics in Iraq.
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method, and the research community included the players of athletics who participated in leagues and Iraq institutions for athletics championship (categorized into: advanced, youth, and amateur) including both men and women in Iraq for the 2019 sports season (905) players, representing (52) clubs, while the research sample was (109) players divided into two sections. The first section included the sample of the construction (60) players, and the inquiry experiment included (5) players, while the second section included the application sample which reached 40 players, and the stability sample reached (30) players, and the number of the excluded players was (4) players, because they didn’t complete answering the questionnaire. And it was used to measure the quality of the training environment which was adopted by the researchers as a tool for collecting data. The Construction procedures included: (determining the axes of the scale, determining the method of drafting the paragraphs of the scale, drafting the paragraphs of each axis in its primary form, in addition to adopting scientific steps and procedures in Construction the scale, which includes honestly the content and the apparent honesty for the measure and the sincerity of the construction represented by the statistical analysis of the paragraphs in the style of two opposing groups and the internal consistency. The half-way partition in stability method was used. The researchers used (SPSS) to obtain (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient of Pearson, Spearman-Barr equation). T test, Chi square, percentage, mean average).
The researchers concluded the following:
- The effectiveness of quality measurement of the training environment among the players of athletics in Iraq, which was built by the researcher according to the scientific principles for the construction of sports measures.
- The players of athletics in Iraq are characterized by having a good training environment.
The researchers recommended the following:
- The possibility of using the quality measurement of the training environment, which was built by the researcher on different samples of sports clubs after making the appropriate adjustments in proportion to the type of sample and the sports effectiveness upon which application is made.
- Improving the quality of trainers' performance through their participation in development courses aimed at raising their scientific and practical capabilities to serve various sports activities.- Improving the quality of trainers' performance through their participation in development courses aimed at raising their scientific and practical capabilities to serve various sports activities.

The study aims at investigating the level of emotive tranquillity and optimism and academic practical achievement in the gymnastics subject for the female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in the Governorate of Nineveh and Knowing the relationship between emotive tranquillity and sports optimism for the female students of the colleges and departments of emotive tranquillity and sports science. The two researchers employ the descriptive methodology by the correlative studies style for the adequacy an nature of the research, whereby the research community consists of (286) female students from the universities and departments of the college of Physical Education and Sports Science, the number of the sample of the study is (238) female students. The two researchers divide the research community into four divisions of a building sample of (150) female students, the first exploration sample (8) female students, the second exploration sample (8) female students and stationary sample (12) female students and application sample (60) female students.
Conclusions:
1- The female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in Nineveh Governorate are characterized by a moderate level of emotive tranquillity.
2- The female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in Nineveh Governorate are characterized by a high level of sports optimism.
3- The female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in Nineveh Governorate are characterized by a moderate level of practical performance in the subject of Gymnastics.
4- There is a significant correlative relationship between emotive tranquillity and the level of practical achievement in the subject of Gymnastics for the female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in Nineveh Governorate.
Recommendations:
1- To encourage the teachers of the subject of gymnastics to take of tranquillity among female students for its relationship with sports optimism and practical status for the female students of the college and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science in gymnastics .
2- The necessity of conducting other similar studies between emotive tranquillity and sports optimism and other practical subjects and individual ones such as organized sports as football, basketball, volleyball, handball, field and track, Ping-Pong, baseball, boxing, wrestling, and other sports.
3- Creating a unit of counselling and psychological guidance at the colleges and departments of Physical Education and Sports Science to help the teachers of the practical subjects guide and control female students to overcome fear and hesitation as well as anxiety they face in practical lessons

The research aims to identify the philosophy of media in developing of educational values for college students and departments of physical education and sports sciences. And the difference between male and female students in the philosophy of media to develop the educational values of students of colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of Mosul and Hamdaniya, and identify the different philosophy of media in developing educational values among the students of the college and departments of physical education and sports science.
The descriptive approach was used in a comparative manner. the research community was determined by the students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Departments at Mosul and Hamdaniya Universities in Nineveh for the academic year (2018-2019.
For statistical data processing, averages, iterations, and percentages, one way anova analysis, Sheffe test, T.test were extracted. From the presentation and discussion of the results were concluded the following:
1-There is statistical difference in students philosophy about media in improving educational values. Which Mosul and Hamdaniya media presented for the university of Hamdaniya students.
2- There is statistical difference in media philosophy for the male and female students .
3- Educational media activities take into account students' tendencies and interests.

The presence of special tests to measure these variables is an important and vital work that develops the scout in terms of scouting skills.
Therefore, the importance of the research lies in finding means that have the scientific basis to measure an important aspect of the scout movement, which is the scouting side, as well as helping scout leaders in choosing scouts to represent scout teams correctly, and also can determine the current skill ability of the scout and what it will become in the future. The advanced scout stage was chosen because their ages are appropriate and at this stage they learned the arts of scout skills and have the ability to perform the tests designed by the researcher, and certainly this step will be followed by steps that concern other scout stages.
Through the foregoing, the objectives of the research were as follows:
- Building tests for a number of links and scout courses for the advanced scout stage.
Find standard scores and levels for a number of links and scout courses for the stage of advanced scouting.
The research community was represented by students of the scout teams for the preparatory stage in the Nineveh Governorate Center, and a sample of (10) schools were taken, five of which are on the right side of the city and the other five on the left side, and they were divided into the exploratory experiment sample and the construction sample as well as the application sample.
As for the link tests and scout courses, the scientific steps were followed in selecting and presenting them to the experienced and specialized gentlemen as well as using the scientific foundations of honesty, consistency and objectivity. The link tests and scout courses were summarized as follows:
(Closed wedge bundle / woodcut bundle / square round / straight round).
After that, the results were reached through the statistical laws that were represented by (arithmetic mean / standard deviation / correlation coefficient / law (T) for differences and standard scores).
The following conclusions were reached:
• Obtaining special tests to measure a number of links and scouting courses for the stage of advanced scouting that enjoy the scientific foundations of honesty, consistency and objectivity as well as their natural distribution, which indicates their suitability for the research sample, namely:
( Closed wedge tie test, woodcutter work test, square cycle work test, straight cycle work test) .
• Reaching to Tables for the standard scores and levels of the tests for the links and the courses that were built.

The study aims at:
• To develop a training course in the special muscles’ strength for freshman level for gymnastics players .
• The effect of a training special muscles ,strength in number of physical fitness and level of skill performance on the rings.
The researcher hypothesized the following.
• Significant differences exist between the pre-experiment and post experiment test in the some physical fitness and level of skill performance on the rings experimental and control groups.
• Significant differences exist in the post experiment test between the experimental and control groups in the level of skill performance , the performance of some physical fitness on the rings .
The researcher concluded the following:
1. The post experiment test for the control group was superior in the special muscles’ strength after using the devised training method.
2. The development is special muscles strength and dynamic extent led to develop the level of skill performance in the post tests of the experimental group .

The current research aims at building measure of sustainable development. The scout leaders in the directorates of sports and scouting activity in Iraq. A sustainable development identifying the degree of sustainable development and management values of the scout leaders in the directorates of sports and scouting activity in Iraq, as well as to identify the role of the administrative values of the scouted leaders in achieving sustainable development goals, but not last to identify the relationship between management values and achieving sustainable. The research sample consisted the leaders who scouted in the structure of the scout division in the sports and scout activity directorates in Iraq, the (140) leaders represented by (14) directorates and (6) directorates for the capital baghdad, each directorate has (7) scout leaders installed for the academic year (2020) .the researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey and correlational manner to research objectives and solve it.
The researcher concluded that scout leaders possess a high capacity for sustainable development in all areas of the social environmental , heath , economic , nation and technological fields . They also enjoy the scout leaders with managerial values and high managerial sense and the relationship between sustain able development and the degree of administrative values is a positive direct relationship that is the increase in the degree of administrative values of the revealed leaders increases the possibility of sustainable development for them.

The research aims to:
1. Identify the differences between the two groups using a one-way and two-way verbal communication in learning some freestyle wrestling catches.
2. Finding the relationship between the technical performance of some of the freestyle catch wrestling and the kinetic compatibility of the two research groups.
The research sample consists of two experimental groups, the first is a one-way verbal communication of (12) students, while the second is a two-way verbal communication of (12) students. The educational program consist of nine educational units at a time of (90) minutes for the educational unit and the rate of an educational unit weekly, serious tests were conducted on the research sample after the completion of the application of the educational program and the test of motor compatibility and the researchers concluded:
1. The second experimental group excelled in learning the freestyle catch wrestling in question.
2. The emergence of a positive moral correlation between the motor compatibility and the technical performance of some wrestling game catches.

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of practicing the decision-making by the administrative leaders which are working in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, as well as knowing the differences between the arithmetic averages of individuals. The sample of the research is about the degree of their practice of making decisions in the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the light of demographic variables.
The researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach to find out the responses of the research sample, as these data were obtained through the use of a pre-prepared scale and it was applied to the research sample under study.
As for the society and sample of the research, it consisted of the administrative leaders working in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, who numbered (73) administrative leaders and they were distributed to administrative positions according to what is found in the third chapter.
The researchers used the statistical bag Spss to process the statistical data. The current research has found that the practice of decision-making by administrative leaders has been largely, as well as there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic mean for the individuals in the sample.
The recommendations of the current research were focused on developing decision making processes - at all levels of the upper and lower levels in particular, as well as working on setting up development courses that would raise the level of decision-making and raise awareness for them.

Volleyball has occupied a large area in global sporting activity, as we see the evolution and variation of its levels through the development of certain elements and factors that are characterized by it. The multiplicity and diversity of exercises and the use of modern methods of training, including water exercises, will contribute to a certain degree in developing physical and functional capabilities and the slam dunk skills as an offensive weapon in volleyball. The research problem lies in a clear fluctuation in the level of achievement of this event, not only at the level of players, but also at the level of the Iraqi country in general, which may be caused by a decrease in the development of some physical, functional and skill capabilities.
The research objectives are :
- Identifying the effect of a number of water exercises on some physical capabilities of volleyball players.
- Exploring the effect of a number of water exercises on some of the functional capabilities of volleyball players.
- Investigating the effect of a number of water exercises on the skill of the straight slam dunk hit for the female players of volleyball.
As for the experimental method, the two researchers used the experimental one-group design. The research community included the female athletes of Aphrodite Sports Club, who had a group of (14) women, while the research sample reached (12) players, and the two researchers (2) were excluded in order to conduct the exploratory experience of physical, functional, and skill capabilities and the training curriculum.
The two researchers have prepared a curriculum for water training aimed at developing physical and functional capabilities based on scientific sources and using the opinions of a number of experts and specialists in the field of sports training science and physiology of training and volleyball, as shown in Appendix (1) model for one of the training units, the curriculum included (18) training units for a period of (6) weeks, at the rate of (3) training units per week for Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, and the curriculum began on 30/1/2020 and ended on (16/3/ 2020) and included training modules in its main part as well as physical and job training the load levels were controlled and the appropriate loads were used (maximum - high - medium) taking into account the individual differences of the players. Then, the degree of load was formed by following the ripple method (1: 1) (2: 1) a special preparation stage.
The study concluded:
- The water exercises significantly affected the development of physical abilities such as (explosive strength and strength characterized by speed).
- The water exercises significantly affected the development of functional variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure - pulse rate).
Accordingly, the study came out with several recommendations, they are:
- The use of water exercises is to develop the physical and functional capabilities as well as to develop the performance of the skill of slam dunk hit.
- Focusing on the capabilities that have a direct impact on the skill performance results of female players during training sessions.

Abstract
Schizophrenia , is a chronic mental disorder. The treatment strategies include medication and many types of psychotherapy, but these can have limited effects in the most affected patients. Sport therapy may provide a mean of improving mental health among people with schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of sport intervention on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) of the inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Subjects and methods of study was conducted at AL Rashad Hospital in the city of Baghdad for 6 months. It is a single blind randomized controlled trial. 100 male patients between the age of 18-59 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria for at least 2 years duration prior to the beginning of the study were randomly included. The study group underwent training sessions followed by competitions in games need interaction . Results show that total PANSS scores for the study group were significantly lower than those for the controls group, comparisons also showed that sport intervention affords significant advantages on general psychosocial functioning .Conclusions participation in sport may reduce the psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia, less relapse and less consuming of different antipsychotic medications.