JOURNAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCHES

The level of intellectual security among university students 1-
2- The differences in the intellectual security of university students according to specialization (scientific – humanitarian
3- The differences in the intellectual security of university students according to gender (males - females)
4- The level of social affiliation among university students
5- ripetition in social affiliation among university students according to specialization (scientific - humanitarian)
6- Differences in social affiliation among university students by gender (males - females)
7- The relationship between intellectual security and social belonging among university students.
The research was limited to students of the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2017-2018). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built two measures of social affiliation, and the number of its items in its final form reached (40) items after extracting the psychometric characteristics of its validity , stability, and building a measure of intellectual security, which is in its final form of 56 items, and after analyzing the items logically and statistically, and extracting the psychometric properties of their validity and stability. The research concluded with the following results
1. University students enjoy a good level of intellectual security
. 2-The existence of differences in intellectual security among university students between males and females, for the benefit of females
3-The existence of differences in the intellectual security of university students omit between the scientific and humanitarian specializations and in the interest of the scientific specialization.
. The members of the research sample have a good level of social affiliation 4
. 5-The existence of differences in social affiliation among university students between males and females, and in the interest of males.
. 6- There are no differences in social affiliation among university students between the scientific and humanitarian disciplines
. 7- There is a positive relationship between intellectual security and social affiliation among university students

Recent research has aimed to know Effect of Kagan Structures in the Achievement For Fourth Preparatory Students In Biology Subject , The researchers chose Al Zuhur Junior high for Boys of the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh government intentionally, Section (A3) was chosen to represent the experimental group While the (B1) Section represented the control group, by (21) students for both of sections , The researchers conducted parity between students of the two groups of research in the following variables : (Biology previous information, intelligence, previous biology achievement ), The researchers specified the five chapters of the biology textbook for the fourth grade , the behavioral goals formulated for the topics that he will study, and they were (157) behavioral goals in Bloom's six levels, The researchers prepared tool for work, as they were an achievement test, It consists of (40) paragraphs with four alternatives , The researchers used the following statistical methods: (T-test for two independent samples, equation (Cooper for agreement, difficulty coefficient, strength of paragraph distinction, effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, the Kuder Richardson, Ita square), (Spss) and (Microsoft Excel) program), and after analyzing the statistical results, it reached the superiority of students of the experimental group in the achievement test .

The aim of the current research is to identify the impact of the Barman model on metacognitive thinking among students of the Department of Science - College of Basic Education in the visual subject. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for the experimental and control groups in Metacognitive Thinking Scale. The research community was limited to all students of the second stage / Department of Science / Physics Branch / of the faculties of basic education in Iraq for the academic year (2020-2021), and the sample of the current research was chosen randomly, and the number of its members was (45) male and female students, and by (22) male and female students who studied according to the Barman model (the experimental group), and by (23) male and female students who studied according to the usual method (the control group). The experimental and control groups were equalized in the variables (intelligence, pre-visual information, and previous, Metacognitive Thinking Scale ). After defining the scientific material for the practical visual subject, the researcher formulated behavioral objectives, and their number was (142) behavioral objectives. As for the research tools, the researcher used the Metacognitive Thinking Scale, which in its final form consists of (47) paragraphs, and it was presented to a group of arbitrators and experts to determine its validity and suitability for students of the second stage. The experiment started on Tuesday, May 25, 2021, on the two research groups (experimental and control), and the experiment ended on Tuesday, July 25, 2021, meaning that it took a full semester (9 weeks) and one lecture per week for each of the experimental and control groups. The researcher adopted the Statistical Package Program (SPSS) to process the research data and information, and in light of this, the results of the existence of a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group appeared in Metacognitive Thinking Scale

The aim of the research is to identify the level of susceptibility to seduction among students of the University of Mosul and to identify the significance of the differences in the level of susceptibility according to the variable (gender), (specialization) and (school grade). For the variable (gender), (specialization) and (school grade), as well as to identify the correlation between susceptibility to temptation and intellectual deviations among university students and to identify the significance of the correlation according to the variables (gender), (specialization) and (school grade), Selection of a stratified random sample of (368) male and female students, and to achieve the objectives of the research, a scale of susceptibility to seduction prepared by (Zubaidi 2015) was used, and a scale of intellectual deviations was prepared. And then extracted the validity, reliability and discrimination of the two scales, and for data processing, the statistical package (SPSS) was used, and we reached the following results:
The level of susceptibility to temptation was low among the sample members, and the level of intellectual deviations was low among the sample members, and there were no statistically significant differences according to the variables (gender, specialization, academic grade), and there was a strong and positive relationship between susceptibility to temptation and intellectual deviations among the sample members, no There are significant differences in the relationship according to the research variables. A number of recommendations and suggestions were made.

The study aimed to find out the relationship between creative thinking skills and mathematical intuition among fourth-grade scientific students, and to achieve the goal, the following hypotheses were developed:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the theoretical average (hypothetical) and the arithmetic mean of the grades of fourth-grade students in the creative thinking test.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the theoretical average (hypothetical) and the arithmetic mean of the grades of the fourth-grade scientific students in the mathematical intuition test.
3. There is no statistically significant correlation at (0.05) level between the fourth grade students ’scientific grades in the two tests Creative Thinking and Mathematical Intuition.
The research community is represented by (243) students in the fourth scientific grade in the preparatory schools of the General Directorate of Education Al-Karkh II in Baghdad for the year 2018-2019. The research sample was chosen in a simple random way and consisted of (61) students from the fourth grade of science in the school of (Preparatory Science Knowledge For boys) and (Nebuchadnezzar Junior High School for Boys) at a rate of (25%) of the total community members, and the statistical bag for educational and psychological sciences (SPSS) was used in the interpretation of the research results, which reached:
1. Fourth-grade students possessing the skills of creative thinking.
2. Fourth-grade students possess a mathematical intuition.
3. There is a positive and statistically significant correlation relationship at (0.05) between the average scores of the creative thinking test and the average scores of the mathematical intuition test.

The interest in mental abilities, the way the individual thinks, the way information is processed and the control of the executive functions of the brain, all of this is not an illusion that psychologists invoke to impose new models on the academic community. Rather, it is an educational concern that preoccupies educators in order to understand this diversity in its forms and colors among students. In order to assimilate it and deal with it, there is no doubt that academic success depends on focusing on the student’s strengths, abilities and potentials and employing them in his teaching, so that each student becomes able to make the most of the educational process.
Therefore, the study aimed to research the executive functions of the brain in a sample of fifth preparatory students and their relationship to patterns of causal attribution for success and failure. The study sample consisted of (500)
Students of the fifth preparatory school, and after conducting statistical operations for the data, it was concluded that there is a high degree of executive functions among the fifth students, and that there is a relationship between the executive functions of the brain and patterns of causal attribution, where the students with high executive functions were more inclined to internal success and students with low executive functions tended One of the recommendations of the study is to pay attention to the stage of study and the growth of these jobs in general, and to help students in their development, as well as directing students towards the jobs most inclined to achieve success among students, enlightening them and helping them to stay away from jobs that lead them to failure. Among the study's proposals is a study of the executive functions of the brain and their relationship to academic buoyancy, as well as executive functions and their relationship to academic self-efficacy.

The aim of the current research is to identify
1. Systemic thinking among kindergarten teachers.
2. Differences in thinking among kindergarten teachers according to the variables of service duration and academic achievement.
3. Social persuasion among kindergarten teachers.
4. Differences in social persuasion among kindergarten teachers according to the variable of service duration and academic achievement
5. The relationship between systemic thinking and social persuasion among female teachers Kindergarten.
6. The period of the contribution of systemic thinking to social persuasion among kindergarten teachers.
The 1999 Mustaf Scale of Social Persuasion, which is based on Albert Bandura’s theory in its construction, and consists of (25) items. The two tools were applied to a sample of 400 kindergarten teachers in the Rusafa First, Second and Third Education Directorate for the academic year 2020-2021. The sample was chosen by a simple random method and using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) The researcher reached the following results:
1. Kindergarten teachers enjoy systemic thinking
2.There are differences between kindergarten teachers in the length of service in favor of the period from (5-10 years) and academic achievement in favor of the Institute compared to the bachelor’s and in favor of the bachelor compared to the master) for systemic thinking
3 Kindergarten teachers enjoy social persuasion
4.There are differences between kindergarten teachers in (duration of service in favor of the period from 5-10 years and academic achievement in favor of the institute compared to the bachelor’s and in favor of the bachelor compared to the master’s for social persuasion). And the proposals, including: Recommendations Based on the findings of the research, the researcher recommends:
1. Work to strengthen the relationship of kindergarten teachers with the child through incentives and incentive rewards that increase their systemic thinking in the future
2. Directing the Ministry of Education to schools in the necessity to take into account the satisfaction of the needs of teachers through the social context And the educational context for forming positive beliefs about social persuasion The proposals.

The current paper aimed at identify the sensitivity of the problems, cognitive dispersion among university students, and the significance of differences in sensitivity according to gender (male-female), and to identify the correlation between the sensitivity of the problems and cognitive dispersion, and to achieve the objectives of the research, which required building two tools to the variables of the research , the sensitivity of the problems, which consists of (20) items, and cognitive dispersion, which consists of (25) items, and the validity and reliability of the two tools were verified, Then the two tools were applied to a sample of (400) male and female students, and the results were Submitted as follows:
1- The research sample of the study is not sensitive to problems.
2-There are no statistically significant differences in the sensitivity of problems according to gender (males - females. (
3-The sample of the research has cognitive dispersion.
4-There are no statistically significant differences in cognitive dispersal according to gender (males - females (.
5-There is a negative correlation between the sensitivity of the problems and cognitive dispersal.
The study came out with a number of results found in conclusion, recommendations and suggestions.

The aim of the research is to measure the level of both positive thinking and existential attendance among students of Mosul University, and the research also aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between positive thinking and existential attendance among the research sample. The third is in the faculties of Mosul University, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a scale to measure positive thinking, where the number of its paragraphs reached (46) positions distributed over five areas. Verification of the standard characteristics of each scale in terms of finding the apparent and structural validity, and the stability of the scale was extracted by the re-test method and the Alpha-Cronbach coefficient method.
After applying the two scales, the data extracted from the answers of the research sample members were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The results showed that the third-grade students from the faculties of the University of Mosul have an average level of positive thinking, and the results showed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the level of thinking Positive and the level of existential attendance among third grade students from the faculties of the University of Mosul, and in light of the research results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented.

Target the current research knows the following:
1. The mental trial of kindergarten teachers.
2. The significance of the differences in the trial of the mentality of kindergarten teachers according to the variable of academic achievement (bachelor - diploma - preparatory) and the length of service from (1-5) (6-10) (11- and above(.
To achieve the objectives of the research, a random sample of (250) female teachers was selected in the Karkh and Rusafa sides of the city of Baghdad for the academic year (2020-2021), and the researcher built the two research tools represented by the (mental trial test), which in turn relied on (Liebmann theory) and the determinant With (20) components, including (60) paragraphs, the psychometric properties were extracted from the validity and reliability of the test, and the appropriate statistical methods were used to extract them, and extract the results, and the research reached the following results:
1. The arithmetic mean of the sample is higher than the hypothetical average in the mental trial, and this means that it is present in the sample.
2. There are no statistically significant differences for the mental trial according to academic achievement and years of service. In light of the results, the researcher put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to know the type and strength of the relationship between deductive logical thinking and mathematical proficiency among first-grade Intermediate students in the distinguished schools affiliated to the Baghdad Education Directorate / Karkh II for the academic year 2020-2021, Given the importance and modernity of the variables, the study stage and the type of the study, the researcher decided to identify this problem and answer the research questions through a number of hypotheses. The research community consisted of (432) male and female students, and its sample was randomly selected from the community, amounting to (200) male and female students, at a rate of (46%).After taking the opinions of experts and specialists, the two research tools were built and the psychometric characteristics (validity and reliability) were completed, as well as knowing their statistical characteristics. The results were that the research sample possessed deductive logical thinking and mathematical proficiency skills .In addition, there is a weak correlation between them, and there is no difference between male and female students in possessing deductive logical thinking. However, female students outperform the male students by possessing mathematical skills proficiency.

we don’t start the abstract by the result so delete and use another suitable sentence :
1- Building the breakthrough thinking scale for university students .
2- Recognizing breakthrough thinking among university students.
3-The significance of the differences in penetrative thinking among university students at a significance level of (0.05) according to the sex variables (male - female),and specialization (scientific - humanitarian).
The results of the research repetition that:
1. University students have breakthrough thinking.
2. There are no statistically significant differences in penetrative thinking according to the gender variable.
3. There are no statistically significant differences in breakthrough thinking according to the variable of specialization.
4. There are no statistically significant differences according to the interaction between sex and specialization ,
where the result was consistent with the theoretical framework (theory of insight) adopted by the researcher in building the research tool and the degree of its ownership of the sample members according to the variables of gender, specialization, and the interaction between them.
In light of the research’ s results, the researcher recommends a set of recommendations and suggestions

The current research aims at knowing: The Effectiveness of professional teaching strategies in teaching science on the achievement motivation among female students of the first intermediate class. The researched depended on the experimental society with partial control for the experimental and control groups of a post-test for the achievement motivation scale. The research population consisted of all first intermediate female students in Fatima Bint Al-Hussein secondary school of the general directorate for Baghdad Al-Rusafa (2) of the total (60) female students for the study year (2019 – 2020). As for the research sample, the two sections were chosen for they were the only existed ones in the school to represent the research sample. The achievement motivation scale for the first intermediate class that consisted of four dimensions was built, and those dimensions were: (Perseverance in making an effort, achievement attitude, competition, setting a goal). The number of its items became (24) five alternatives items (strongly applies to, applies, uncertain, does not apply, strongly does not apply) respectively, and after the experiment, the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference for the sake of the experimental group which studied by using professional teaching strategies in science according to the achievement motivation scale.

The aim of the current research is Identifying cognitive dissonance and its relationship to decision-making among university students. The sample size was 165 students at Al-Mustansiriya University. Two scales were used in this research: the cognitive dissonance scale, based on Festinger's theory, with (20) items and the decision-making scale with (23) items, also based on Festinger's theory thus the validity and reliability of these two scales were extracted, and the results showed the following features:
1-- University students have a level of cognitive dissonance.
2-- University students are distinguished by the ability to make decisions.
3-- The relationship between cognitive dissonance and decision-making is weak and in reverse.
In light of these results, some recommendations and suggestions were obtained.

The research aims to know the effect of the five fingers strategy on the achievement of science subject for first-grade intermediate students and their creative thinking.
The researcher chose first-grade intermediate students from the (Al-Jawahri) Intermediate School for Boys affiliated to the Directorate of Education - Karkh First / Baghdad for the academic year (2020-2021) for the purpose of applying the experiment, and the sample consisted of (64) students, with (32) students in the experimental group being taught According to the strategy of the five fingers and (32) of the students in the control group who are taught in the usual way, and the scientific subject to be taught was determined, which included three units (the first part) of the entire science subject book intended to be taught for the first intermediate grade for the year 2021 AD, the extreme behavioral goals were formulated. Their number is (387) behavioral goals in light of the general goals and according to Bloom's classification of the cognitive domain at its first five levels (remember, comprehension, application, analysis, installation). A paragraph according to the test map (specification table), and the Torrens Scale for Creative Thinking, consisting of (40) paragraphs, was adopted, and the researcher was ascertained of its honesty, stability and psychometric properties. The researcher applied the experiment in the first semester of the academic year (2020-2021) as it started tg Raba on Sunday (29/11/2020) and ended on Wednesday (17/2/2021) after applying the post-achievement test. The experiment lasted (10) weeks with four lessons per week for each group, and the researcher studied the two groups himself
The researcher prepared teaching plans for the topics to be taught and the two research groups were studied by them. As for the research tool, it prepared an objective achievement test of a multiple-choice type consisting of (35) items according to the test map (specification table), and the Torrens Scale of Creative Thinking, consisting of (40) was adopted Paragraph, and the researcher verified its validity, stability and psychometric properties
The researcher applied the experiment in the first semester of the academic year (2020-2021), as the experiment started on Sunday (29/11/2020) and ended on Wednesday (17/2/2021) after applying the post-achievement test, the experiment took (10 ) weeks with four lessons per week for each group, and the researcher studied the two groups himself.

The aim of the current research is to find out the extent to which students in the second stage of the mathematics department / the Faculties of Basic Education possess (for forced thinking and its relationship to academic achievement and the solution of algebraic problems In order to achieve the goal of the research and test its hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive approach and prepared a test to measure algebraic thinking consisting of (30)
A paragraph distributed on algebraic thinking skills, which is: It includes (analysis of a mathematical problem, deducing the solution, building generalizations, representing mathematical concepts, inference about unknown quantities) , and a test to measure the achievement of linear algebra consisted of (30) items in the topics (game theory, linear inequality, simplified method, linear transformations) and a test to measure algebraic problem solving skills consisting of (30) items that include (problem understanding skill, solution planning skill, skill Implementation of the solution, the skill of verifying the correctness of the solution (the researcher verified the validity of the test with consistency of (0.77) for algebraic thinking, (0.80) for academic achievement, and (0.82) for solving algebraic problems, and after applying the test to the research sample consisting of (635) students from colleges Basic education and data processing statistically, and the researcher reached the following results:
1- The second stage students possess (algebraic thinking, academic achievement, solving algebraic problems) with a good degree.
2- There is a direct relationship between algebraic reasoning and academic achievement and solving algebraic problems for second-stage students, thus it was found that the rise of one of them is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the level of the remaining tests.

The research aims to identify the impact of the strategy of the roving reporter on positive thinking among students of the College of Basic Education / Department of Science in the subject of practical algae and fungi.
To achieve the goal of the research, the following two null hypotheses were developed:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students who studied according to the strategy of the traveling reporter and the average grades of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the positive thinking scale.
In order to achieve the goal of the research and its two hypotheses, the researcher has adopted the experimental design with two groups of experimental and control, one of them partially control the other and of post-test to measure positive thinking.
The current research community consists of third stage students / the Science Department / Biology Sciences Branch of the college of Basic Education in Iraq for the academic year (2020-2021). The researcher has choses the third stage students of the Science Department / Biology Sciences Branch in the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University as an intentional sample, as the number of its members reached (84) students distributed between two study halls (A, B). The researcher has chosen a representative sample of the research community, which numbered (56) male and female students, and by random assignment, the first group has been called an experimental consisting of (28) male and female students, and the other was the control group consisting of (28) female and male students, and the two groups have been equalized in the variables (the academic achievement of the parents, the previous information test, the microbiology subject, the scores of the microbiology for the second semester of the previous year, the intelligence test (Rafn), and the positive pre-thinking scale). The researcher has prepared the positive thinking scale consisting of (45) items and presented to a group of arbitrators and experts to know its validity and suitability for the third stage students. The validity of the tool was verified by presenting them to a group of experts, the researcher has applied the scale to two survey samples, one of them to find out the clarity of the paragraphs and the response time and the other to know the analysis of the scale's paragraphs statistically to extract the correlation coefficient and discriminatory power, as well as extracting the stability for the positive thinking scale.
The researcher has applied the research tool to the two research groups (experimental and control) after the expiry of the experiment, which lasted for eleven weeks, as it began on Monday (7.12.2021) and ended on Wednesday (15.2.2021). The researcher has used the following statistical methods: ( T- test for two independent samples, the Chi Square (Ka), the Pearson correlation coefficient with the Alpha - Kronbach equation, Levene’s test equation) . After analyzing the data and treating it statistically, the researcher has reached the following results:
1. Students of the experimental group who studied according to the strategy of the correspondent outperformed the control group students who studied according to the usual method in the positive thinking scale, as it reached (t) computed (15.42), which is larger than the value (t) scheduled ( 2.000) at the level of significance (0.05).
Thus, the researcher has concluded that teaching with the strategy of the roving reporter has a positive effect on students 'thinking, and in light of this the researcher has presented a number of recommendations and proposals related to the results of the research, including conducting studies aimed at assessing the level of students' practice of positive thinking skills in different school subjects and educational stages.

The research aims to identify the effect of Round Robin strategy on the high-ranking thinking of the fourth year middle school students in chemistry.
To achieve the aim of the research, the following null hypothesis was developed:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the Round Robin strategy and the average scores of the control group students who studied according to the usual method in the high-ranking thinking test.
The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for the two equal experimental and control groups with the post-test, to suit the nature of the research.
The community is represented by all the students of the fourth year of middle school in the secondary and middle schools affiliated to the Baghdad Education Directorate / Rusafa First for the academic year (2020-2021) and (Aden High School for Girls) was chosen to represent its students in the research sample, whose number of students is (210) students divided into (10) classes as a result of the circumstances The research sample consisted of (36) female students who were randomly selected into two groups, one of them was experimental (A) which included (18) students who studied chemistry using the Round Robin strategy, and the other control group (B) consisted of (18) female students who studied the same subject in the usual way.
Before starting the experiment, the researcher was keen to ensure that the students of the two research groups were statistically equal in a number of variables that are believed to affect the integrity of the experiment, and these variables are: (last year’s achievement for the third intermediate grade, “Raven” intelligence test, previous information test, high thinking test Rank) and the researcher determined the educational material to be taught, which included the first, second and fifth chapters of the chemistry book to be taught for the academic year (2020-2021) in the Republic of Iraq.
The researcher adopted a high-ranking thinking test, and the test may be in its final form (30) paragraphs. The research tool was applied to the two research groups (control and experimental) after the end of the experiment, which lasted from 11/29/2021 until 17/2/2021. After collecting the results, the data were processed using the appropriate statistical methods, and the following results appeared: The students of the experimental group who studied according to the Round Robin strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in each of the high-ranking thinking test with a large effect size, and in light of this, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including:
1.Training teachers of chemistry on how to use modern models, methods and strategies in teaching, especially those based on the principles of constructivist theory and moving away from the traditional method of teaching.
2- Paying attention to activities that help develop high-ranking thinking skills among female students.

The current research aims at defining the effect of hot seat strategy on developing intuitive thinking for kindergarten children . To achieve such an ai , the researcher put two null hypotheses that were verified later on . The researcher used experimental design . The sample was randomly chosen to be (40) pre-school children , falling into (20) children in experimental design who used hot seat strategy and (20) one as well to be control group who used traditional method . The research pre-requested a tool to measure intuitive thinking as well as teaching plans that adopts hot seat strategy . After review of previous literatures , the researcher made a tool to measure intuitive thinking . Tool and teaching plans passed a panel of experts to verify its reliability . After considering experts notes , the sample consisted of four kinds of intuitive thinking with 17 items . researcher found stability using Spearman half dividing formula after applying the tool on pilot sample . When treating data statistically , stability facor was 0,82 , a good ratio . The researcher equalized both groups in the following variables (time age measured in months , degree of pre-test of intuitive thinking for both groups ) . There was a pre-test on the sample , researcher appied teaching plans for month on children with two lessons per week . After posttest researcher treated data statistically via appropriate statistical means . researcher concluded :
There is statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05)between the average of experimental and control groups in intuitive thinking test
There is statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between pre and posttests of intuitive thinking for experimental group
Given these results , the researcher made a number of recommendations , to mention but few , that methodologies subject taught in colleges of education and basic education must incorporate new teaching methods such as hot seat as well as a suggestion of a similar study to know the effect of hot seat on the acquisition of scientific concepts and develop the intelligence of kindergarten children

The aim of the current research is to know the relationship between double-thinking and academic achievement, and is there a relationship between them. The research sample consisted of (93) female students represented in the fourth stage of the year 2020-2021 To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the double-thinking test of (Salloumi 2012).test because it was the most appropriate to achieve the goals of the research, and the test consisted of (30) paragraphs, noting that the researcher conducted the psychometric properties test before using it. After applying it to the students and treating the scores statistically, the researcher reached:
1- The students have very good double thinking.
2- There is a relationship between double thinking and academic achievement through the result that appeared as the correlation coefficient has reached (0.062 ), which is a very direct result, meaning that there is a positive relationship between double thinking and academic achievement.

The current research aims:
1- Identify the level of meta-memory skills for kindergarten students
2- Identify the level of self-efficacy skills for kindergarten students
3- Identify the level of between level meta-memory skills and self-efficacy among kindergarten students but the level of the relationship weak
4- Identify the level of between Contribution meta-memory skills contribute to self-efficacy but the level of Contribution weak.
The research sample include (140) female students from the College of Basic Education, Kindergarten Department, Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2020-2021). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the Meta-Memory Scale for Troyer & Rich 2002, and the Self-Efficacy Scale for Yousif 2016. After validity and reliability was extracted, the researcher the following results:-
1- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the sample and the hypothetical mean of the scale, and this difference is in favor of the mean scores of the sample, which indicates that the kindergarten students are distinguished by meta-memory skills.
2- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the sample and the hypothetical mean of the scale, and this difference is in favor of the mean scores of the sample, which indicates that the kindergarten students are characterized by self-efficacy.
3- There is a relationship between meta-memory skills and self-efficacy among kindergarten students, but the level of the relationship is weak.
4- There is a weak relationship between the two variables and that meta-memory skills contribute weakly to self-efficacy.

The current research aimed to identify the level of mental alertness and information processing, and the statistically significant differences according to the variables of specialization (scientific - humanitarian) and the study stage (first - fourth) and in both variables. The Iraqi University, as for the two research tools, the researcher built a scale to measure mental alertness and adopted a scale (Mohammed, 2014) to measure information processing, and the validity and reliability of both scales were verified, and after processing the data statistically using the Statistical Package Program (SPSS), the following results showed: The female students of the Tarmiyah and Girls' Education faculties at the Iraqi University had an appropriate level in both variables (mental alertness and information processing).
- There are no statistically significant differences between the scientific and humanitarian specialization and the school stage in both variables (mental alertness and information processing). There is a positive correlation between vigilance and information processing. In light of the research results, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and suggestion

The current research aims to identify: The effect of the obstetric education strategy in developing the pivotal thinking of the fourth year middle school students in chemistry, and the following hypotheses were formulated:
1- The first null hypothesis: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05), between the average scores of the experimental group students who study chemistry according to the strategy of obstetric education, and the mean scores of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way.
2- The second null hypothesis: There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study chemistry according to the strategy of obstetric education, and the average scores of the control group who study the same subject in the usual way. In the axial thinking test, the current research sample consisted of (66) female students of the fourth scientific grade. As for the research tool, only the axial thinking test prepared by (Omar, 2017) and consisting of (40) items that measures the skills of pivotal thinking were adopted. (Focus, information gathering, remembering, integration, evaluation)", using the following statistical methods: (T-test for two independent samples, t-test for two correlated samples), and after processing the data statistically, the following results showed:
The experimental group that was taught according to the strategy of generative education outperformed the control group in the test of pivotal thinking.
In light of the results of the current research, a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions were formulated.

The problem of the current research is reflected in the question: Does the kindergarten child suffer from distraction? This study may support the activities provided by the teacher omit help him attract the attention of the children. The research aims Ait identifying the distraction of the kindergarten child. it is determined by the children of Riyadh for the preparatory stage of the Directorate of Education, Baghdad / Karkh, the third. The research sample consisted of (40) boys and girls from kindergarten selected raudomly, the research sample was distributed to (4) kindergartens, with (10) boys and girls from each kindergarten. The researcher adopted the (Al-Wadud 2000) scale, which consists of (34) items with three alternatives, gradual in strength, which are (always apply to me, sometimes omit, does not omit) The answers of the sample to the items of the scale were corrected in front of each item with scores (1,2,3) respectively at the scale. Thus, the lowest omit and the highest score obtained by the respondent ranged between (34-102). The researcher verified the apparent sincerity by presenting the search items to a group He was one of the experts in the field of education and kindergartens, who extracted the stability of the measure of distractibility by re-testing and the Fakerenbach method

1. The Reading Understanding among pupils of fourth grade primary.
2. curiosity among pupils of fourth grade primary.
3. The relationship between the Reading Understanding and curiosity of pupils of fourth grade primary .
Limited research on government to the city of Baghdad for the school year pupils of fourth grade primary. (2018-2019). Theoretical frame
Theoretical posterior
This research viewed several bolt that relate to the research subject.
research procedure Adopting Reading Understanding scale 1-
(Nasrat 2014) and Adopting curiosity scale(NASER2017) after assures its truthes and stability on its articles
-2-The two mentioned measures were applied at the same time on sample pupils of fourth grade primary (200) pupils male and female pupils during 10- 20/ 11/ 2018 .the researcher used the following . Data had been analyzed with help of statistic programs for social sciences in data process(SPSS)
As a result, it had been reached to results listed below
1- results showed that the pupils of fourth grade primary do suffer from Reading Understanding
2- results showed that the pupils of fourth grade primary do not suffer from
curiosity
3- Results indicated that there had been not connection relationship for pupils of fourth grade primary between Reading Understanding and Curiosity

The current study aimed to identify (the effect of the Barman model on acquiring physical concepts and inferential thinking for second-grade intermediate students). The research sample included (84) students from the second intermediate grade, (42) students in the control group, and (42) students in the experimental group. The two research groups were equalized with the variables: (chronological age calculated in months, intelligence, previous information, and inferential thinking). The two research groups were equalized with the variables: (chronological age calculated in months, intelligence, previous information, and inferential thinking). The researcher formulated (121) behavioral objectives within the levels (remember, comprehension, application) according to Bloom's classification of the cognitive domain. The researcher prepared a physical concepts acquisition test consisting of (39) multiple-choice objective items, and the researcher adopted a deductive reasoning test consisting of (36) multiple-choice objective items.
The psychometric properties of the two tests were confirmed after statistically processing the data using the (t-test) equation for two independent equal samples and the Couder-Richardson equation 20 to find the stability of the physical concepts acquisition test and the Cronbach's alpha equation to find the stability of the inferential thinking test because they contain objective items, the researcher put the two null hypotheses and after showing the results, that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group in two variables: acquiring physical concepts and testing inferential thinking. Because of its useful advantages, and its use for different stages of study.

The current study aims to identify the emergence of interest in mental formation in philosophy, educational and psychological studies, especially the concept of intelligence, and then present a scientific historical follow-up review of the development of the subject of measuring mental formation and intelligence.
And presenting an integrated vision of scientific trends and the opinions of thinkers in psychology about the date of birth of the concept of intelligence and methods of measuring it, as well as the mutual effects between scientists in this field, and presenting a general picture of tests and batteries that have a historical impact on the development of this movement.

The current study aims at investigating “the effect of using story mapping technique on Iraq EFL students’ performance in reading comprehension”.
The sample of the study was 3rd grade students from the English Department at the College of Basic Education/ Al-Mustansiriyha University. To achieve the aim of the current study, eight weeks experiment is conducted on the sample (experimental group ) with pre and posttest. The experiment was started on 11th October and ended in 11th January, 2019.A test submitted to experts to ensure its validity and reliability, to filful the aim of the study, the researcher adopted a null hypothesis which indicates "that there is no significant difference between students’ performance that used a new technique in reading comprehension in the pre-posttest".
The calculated results have shown that there is a statistically significance difference between the performance of the students of the experimental group on the pretest and posttest. Finally, the researcher has put down some conclusions, recommendations and suggestions for further researches.