Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

The unofficial interest in econorny has recently emerged in Iraq and it relatively
occupies a great part of the local gross product. A large number of people
working within this frame where it occupies workers in marginal and parasitic
activities in the production services sector like sidewalk peddlers, porters..'etc' it
also comprises snnall production activitics which, when ena[led, can be a point of
departure for bigger business like the mechanics, electricians, and trade
workshop owners...etc. the last thing to mention includes activities like stealing,
money laundry, illegat husiness, cheating, terrorism, and the different types of
corruption which reprcsent the seamy side of unofficial economy. In the light of
the size of the tabor in this sector, It is recommended that it will be rehabilitated
to be part of the official sector in order to participate in backing up the gross product
and the improve the cost of living for the workers in the unofficial sector'
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Data envelopment analysis (DE.A.) is a linear programming application that
comparEs a nurnber of organization of the same type . The model solution result
indicates,:llvhether the organization is efficient or not depend on its.inputs &
outputs /
The research a arrives at that the um quasar Hospital has proved to be efficient
to(100%) .on the other side, the result of the rnodel denotes that Al Fao & Abu
Al kaseeb hospitals have proved no efficiency compared to the former . because
it has got value of (0.657)&(0.480) successively rvhich is less than one (100%).

Maintenance of facilities and equipments in good working condition is
essential to achieve specified level of quality and reliability and efficient
working.
Plant maintenance is an important service function of an efficient production
systern , it helps in maintaining and increasing the operalional effieiency of
plant facilities and , thus, contributes to revenue by reducing the operating
eosts and increasin6 the effectiveness of production
, and in the light of
comparison conducted in this research between the cost of preventive
maintenance and maintenance costs sudden , !t was concluded that the period
optima! for implementation of preventive maintenance is to be monthly and thus
avoid the cornpany's rise in the cost of repairs due to sudden stops ,and allow
them to ensure that does not stop its productive
t
Maintenance
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pact on food security. And deterioration of agricultural productivity has become
characteristic of the agricultural sector due to the failure of policies and programs of
agrarian reforrn, which led to the adoption of Iraq to import. As it imports about (70o/r)
of the local market need of food. This Madey researcher to pay attention to this subject
that touches everyone's life at different levels of living, which also affects the financial
resources of the country that spends money to pay import
Research problem The water in the coming decades of the moit important political and
economic problems and social problems facing most developing countries, including
Arab and especially Iraq. Which would outweigh the importance of water as well as the
irnportance of energy not to take any action planned Iraqi economic, legal and
international hetp to overcome the problem of tvater, which means an increase in
desertification and decrease the amount of agricultural production and thereby increase
the import and the subordination of the economy to the outside. Add to this is that rnost
Massadro water sources from outside of Iraq is the Iraqi border, which means the
difficulty of dealing with it in the absence of private international law of water.
Objective of this research The research aims to identify the answ,er to the following
questions Do you put the plarined Iraqi water security of interest and develop effective
solutions to the problem of water Is that Iraq will face drought in the future and what
are the reasohB for it. What is the status of the agricultural sector in the future as a
result of low water levels. Identify the most important reasons that led to theagricultural
sector to the failure to meet the need of local agricultural commodities. Hajj Search:
Search starts from an obligation that: The climate changes in the recent addition to the
policies of, the upstream countries for water led to a worsening water crisis in the Iraqi
economy and raised a negative rellection on the agricultural sector

include individuals and ttiese individuals enitites Organizatron jis asocial
to complete the rvork in the areas inorder make up the various working groups
of organization and activities of the various . the central element in the mobility
and dynarnics of the group is the interaction - contact - betweerr individuals (
The search in the effectiveness of . ( leaders managers and workers
throught communication and its impact in the promotion.of leadership skills was
the communicat which variables to ( behavioural the study of ( characteristics
positive (ADVOCACY
, INQUIRY , SUSPENSION , ATTENTION ), and the
the negative (FIGHT
, FLIGHT ) , and the impact of communicat variables to
of leadership skills (BUILD
, INITIATE , prornotiom these variables in the
(DIscovER
, CONNECT), by using the form - questionnaire
, consisting of (32
related variables referred to . as it was unloaded using the evaluation euations
form , at able for Iisting the number in chart , was then set the values on thc
table of dialogue ,
in order to identify the impact of effective communication in
promoting leadership skills in Educational institutions , the study concluded that
the character of ADVOCACY is very effective in strength , obvious weakness in
the charactpr of SUSPENSION
, and the character of ATTETION is one of the
fundamental. characteristics that determine behavior of management of the
leaders
, tliffering views of leaders around the character of INQUIIfY , as well as
in the practice of the leaders to eommunication the negative a clear discrepancy
. characteristics
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This study has dealt with the core competencies through three sources:
(organizational leanning, strategic flexibility, human capital) an explan atory
variable, also dealt with Organizational Ambidexterity through three
dimensions: (exploitation, exploration, structural differences) as a variable
reactive. The study airned to identify the impact of its sources of the three core
competencies to achieve Organizational Ambidexterity in the organization.
The study population consisted of managers working in the Zain mobile
telecommunications network in Iraq, but the study sample was a stratified
random sample equal, as it has been selected (42) Director of the study
population, have been distributed $2) a qucstionnaire on the study sample was
retrieved ( 31), including a questionnaire. The study is basettr on the test four
hypotheses. Has been tested hypotheses and extracting the results using
statistical programs ready (SPSS).
t
The study found a number of conclusions highlighted the capabilities essential
r' !,1
influence'' morally adept organizational and under that has offered
,
some
proposals that would contribute to draw the attention of leaders, strategy and
management in different organizations to identify the roles of these practices and
the search for the most important rnechanisms and means to enable its adoption
as a tool important to achieve Arganizational Ambidexterity that enables the
organization to respond quickly to rapid environmental changes and prepane for
them.
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