Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

Abstract
The rules of apparent rulings are a landmark and a rich source on which knowledge
of legal rulings depends. Being the justice of other rules that the jurist needs in

قواعد الأحكامِ الظاهريّةِ – دراسة أصوليّة تطبيقية في قاعدة لا حرج ..........................

مجلة كلية التربية للبنات للعلوم الإنسانية العدد:31 السنــة السادسة عشرة : 2022 54
deduction, studying them is of great importance and it is indispensable for the
researcher to engage in these related investigations, and perhaps the most
prominent of them is the college (Al-Kabarawiya) that characterizes it, which makes it
the “middle limit” way in the process of extracting and deducing the legal ruling from
His well-known knowledge.
And because the talk about these rules is related to a number of their assertions, the
research decided to address the most important and most prominent of these rules,
which is the rule of “there is nothing wrong” by studying it in two directions:
The first is to research Al-Qaeda fundamentally by shedding light on its perceptions,
and its governance - fundamentalism - on the primary evidence, and so on.
And if the important thing for the jurist as well as the researcher is to talk about its
jurisprudential applications, the research included a reference to a large number of
these applications, in the various jurisprudential chapters, whether they were worship
or transactions. This was the second direction that the research adhered to.
Therefore, this study included - in the light of the foregoing - two sections, which
were distributed as follows:
The first dealt with talking about the rules of apparent rulings in terms of importance,
divisions, and the like.
The second topic included the demands of the "There is no shame" rule at multiple
levels, covering most if not all that can be studied and known about the rule.
It did not fail me to mention the results, and perhaps the most important of them is
that the fall of the primary rulings according to the rule of law, there is no shame,

Summary
This study is concerned with searching for the terms indicative of (the matter) for both
grammarians and jurists and clarifying the most important names that were given to
them by making a comparison between them, identifying the subtle differences in
how to use terms and methods and finding points of convergence and difference
between them in addition to identifying the semantic structure in which it is contained;
Because it is the main basis through which the significance of each of these terms
appears, and what came of these terms has been relied on the Iraqi Civil Code No.
(40) for the year (1951) and the Iraqi Penal Code No. (111) for the year (1969).
This study was divided into an introduction in which we presented the importance of
the subject and the reason for choosing it, then we moved on to clarifying the
meaning of (the matter) and its concept among linguists and clarifying the concept
closest to the idiomatic meaning, and then we stopped at the most important terms
used by the legalists On the matter with its various legal connotations, And then
came the conclusion through whichwe stopped when reviewing the most important
results reached by the study.

Studying any subject of Arabic grammar is worth great attention for the great
significance it has among all language sciences.
Some figures have emerged in the history of Arabic grammar and literature that
contributed greatly to its development and refining. According to that evolution which
grammatical thought has witnessed, especially after the 6th century of Higra, the
grammatical thought witnessed a development and prosperity in this era and beyond.
After developing many books and emerging many figured, among them is Jamal Al-
Din Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari (died 761), the author of (Mighni Al-Labeeb an kutub al-
a’areeb), one of the most important commentators who worked on his explanation is
Badr Al-Deen Al-Damamini (died 827) in his book (tuhfat Al-ghareeb fi al-kalam ala
Mughni Al-Labeeb).
This thesis is discussing the grammatical objections of Al-Damamini in the book
(tuhfat Al-ghareeb). Since the subject of the research is the first section of this book

اعتراضات الدماميني النحوية على ابن هشام ......................................................

مجلة كلية التربية للبنات للعلوم الإنسانية العدد:31 السنــة السادسة عشرة : 2022 2
and is competent to explain the meanings of characters in (Mughni Al-Labeeb), so it
is required to divide the study into introduction, preface, and three chapters

The orientalist researchers influence on the modern linguistic curricula “linguistics” is
considered a major reason for the difference between the two studies: traditional
Arabic and modern Western in terms of topics, method of analysis, and level of focus.
This is a natural result of the different objectives of the two studies due to the
different factors that resulted in both of them. The focus of this research is on the
chapter on (Voices) of the book: “Classical Arabic: A Study in the Linguistic Structure
of Dr. Henry Fleisch. This book is known for its focus on the general calligraphies of
the Arabic language, but its great importance lies in its construction on clear linguistic
foundations, and its focus on what is related to the language system.” Arabic at its
different levels, and his perceptions that do not depend on a special view that stems
from the framework of one single language only, but is supplemented by a wide
knowledge of Semitic languages ​​in general, in addition to the author’s knowledge of
the European language system, and his awareness of the clear difference between
each of the two, which continued the difference between them. He made his
approach characterized by comparison, highlighting the issues of agreement and
disagreement between linguistic systems, as well as referring to what is related to the
issues of linguistic development. Perhaps recent studies of the language have
reinforced some of the opinions of the ancient Arab linguists and confirmed their
validity, and perhaps the winds of research swirled otherwise, and perhaps it came
with completely new topics and facts. Examining these details and observing the
differences and differences between them is the main focus of this research study.

This study is entitled (An Illustrative and Metonymic Concurrence in the Poetry of Ibn
al-Qaysrani (d. 548 AH)), seeks to shed light on a common illustrative phenomenon
in Ibn al-Qaysrani’s poetry, namely (Metonymic image). This paper is to show its
features and artistic effects in the themes of his poetry between praise, satire, and
elegiac poetry, description, pride and others. The observation was based on showing
the benefits of the metonymic image in the context of the poet’s poetry, which is full
of scattered types of metonymies in an objective unit ranging between one verse and
two verses. This reflects the poet’s artistic ability to adapt the metonymic image in the
service of his purposes, as a poet known for his leadership and excellence in the field
of poetry. Due to the nature of the illustrative study, its axes focused on the effective
impact of the Metonymic image in the context of Ibn al-Qaysrani’s poetry. The
approach combined the description and the analysis of selected examples, which
indicated a clear indication of the effectiveness of the illustrative image as it deals
with the mechanism of the

Book deaths senate wrot important biographies in the history of literature
which included a lot of prose arts such as letters and words And speeches and
signatures and anecdotes and research titled prose Ar t in the book of death , and
informed him sons decade study of objective technical and research talking
about the entrance titled prose through the ages of literary and first section of the life
of lbn khalkan and culture the second sectionof the objective study and the third
sectionof the technical study and references , the most prominent of literature and
mortality senate0

The main purpose of the research is to know the role of the application of the blue
ocean strategy in the development of Iraqi organizations. The research included an
analytical study of the financial situation of Iraqi organizations of all types and
registered with the government to reach the true value of the independent variable,
which is the blue ocean strategy and its reflection in the dependent variable, which is
the Iraqi organizations development.
In the research, a financial analysis was made of the work of Iraqi organizations
through an analysis of manufacturing indicators for a time series from 2014 to 2017.
as well as an analysis of Iraqi foreign trade indicators for the same period, and the
treatment of results by calculating mathematical equations that were formulated to
reach the quantitative value of the blue ocean strategy, in addition to testing research
hypotheses through the SPSS statistical analysis program.
The most important conclusions are that there is a large financial gap between the
import funds and the number of Iraqi organizations and the size of their production
capacities. Also, the weakness of the operations of these organizations according to
the degree of any manufacturing failure in full capacity utilization,
The research recommends the need for an integrated application of the blue ocean
strategy within the work of these organizations to achieve excellence in work and to
stay within the local market space with the possibility of upgrading work in the future
to reserve a new space in the international market.

according
to the ideology followed by its kings, as several circumstances governed these
relations, in which the main engine was the political factor as a result of the
competition between the two most powerful empires that ruled the world at the time,
the Roman and Sassanid Empires. We can divide their policy into three stages, the
first represented by religious tolerance to follow the founder of the state, Ardashir I
(226 - 241 AD), trying to win all parties to his side, and his son Shapur I (241 - 272
AD) followed him in the same steps, and in the second stage represented by the rule
of the king Sabor II Christians were persecuted due to mistrust and fear of their
intentions after Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. In the
third stage, Christians were able to rise again and rely on themselves under kings
who were characterized by tolerance and good relations with the Roman Empire.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in February 1979, it faced many
problems, foremost of which was the economy. The men of the revolution inherited
difficult economic conditions left by the regime of Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi.
The leaders of the revolution began to pursue an economic policy aimed at
controlling the situation, despite the many obstacles, including the American
embargo. And the war with Iraq, but they were able, even in a small way, to achieve
a kind of economic stability as a result of a set of measures, foremost of which was
the nationalization of large projects, and an attempt to distribute wealth equitably

This research deals with “the sanctification of trees and their place among the
Arabs in the pre-Islamic era” to focus attention on one of the most important deities
that prevailed among most of the previous nations in general and among the Arabs in
the pre-Islamic era in particular. Since there is no place in the Arabian Peninsula
where there is water, the tree is almost the unique plant that is planted in most of
those places. It is not crowded by any other plant from the plant, and the reverence of
trees among the Arabs of the pre-Islamic era was not less than the reverence and
worship of idols and animals, and the palm is one of the oldest trees that embraced it.
the Semites It seems that the reason for the sanctification and worship of the date
palm among the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era has to do with its being one of the
symbols of fertility and femininity. The method adopted in this study is the historical-
descriptive method in addition to the analytical method
Keywords: trees, man, Arabs, dat with lanterns, Najran,

The contemporary Spanish Arabist Maribel Fierro is one of the most prominent
researchers in the history of the Islamic West and everything related to its various
aspects. Characteristics of writing the history of the Islamic West; From violence in
Islamic societies to violence against women and others, even the phrase “a land
without Jews or Christians” is one of its phrases that is almost repeated in her
research on the same context, and that is why she strongly defended the people of
dhimmis from Jews and Christians, and fiercely fanatic against the monotheists (541-
668 A.H / 1121-1269 A.D(
The research section entitled (The Coercive Approach of the Almohad State towards
the dhimmis “A Critical Study of the Visions of Maribel Fierro”) into six points,
according to what was mentioned in the contexts of Arabized research and work to
verify them with a marriage between the Orientalist vision in general and the vision of
Arab researchers in the history of the Almohad state and their position on The first

النهج القسري للدولة الموحدية اتجاه اهل الذمة ....................................................

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relates to the procedures of the Unitarians to the people of the dhimmis and the
justification of this policy, both to serve its text. The second point was about the
eschatological beliefs and Maribel's attempt to accuse the Mahdist of "abolition" of all
religions. The third talks about Maribel's attempt to find monotheistic-Ismaili/Fatimid
influences (297-567 A.H). /909-1171 A.D) and therefore Shiite, while in the fourth
point I discussed the impact of faith on sonship with what the visions of Ibn Hazm (d.
456 A.H / 1064 A.D) played a role in the belief of the monotheists and even their
politics. As for the fifth point, Maribel attributed the actions of Ibn Tumart (d.: 524 A.H
/ 1129 A.D) ) to the latter’s attempt to imitate him and the biography of the Prophet
Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, to the extent
that it accused the Prophet of banning any religion in the Hijaz other than Islam, and
it is one of the fallacies that occurred or deliberately ignored it. As for the sixth last
point, it is Conjectural in which I tried to impose the interpretation of al-Tabari (d.: 310
A.H / 923 A.D) of the text of the tribute contained in the Holy Qur'an and the attempt
of the monotheists to apply it based on what the Arabists believe.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Representative reasoning for the student-teacher in the College of Education for
Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haytham.
2- The statistically significant differences in the representative inference according to
the gender variable (males, females) of the student-teacher in the College of
Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haytham.
The sample consisted of (150) students from the fourth stage - of the Department of
Chemistry / Ibn Al-Haytham, and they were chosen by the simple random method,
with (80) males and (70) females.
The researcher built a representative inference test, which consisted of (26) items
divided into (4) components .
The psychometric properties of the tool were verified from the apparent and structural
validity and stability by the method of internal consistency. SPSS and Excel 2010
were used. The following results were obtained
1-The student-teacher has a medium degree of representative reasoning, in favor of
males over females.
2-There are statistically significant differences between males and females, in favor
of males over females.

E-learning relies mainly on computers and networks to transfer knowledge and skills,
and its applications include learning via the web, computer learning, virtual
classrooms and digital cooperation, and the content of the lessons is presented via
the Internet, audio tapes, video and CDs, as well as all questions are answered and
final and semi-final exams are sent, as well as research Via Programs or e-mail.
Rapid transfers in the field of technology have led to the emergence of new patterns
of learning and education, which further entrenched the concept of individual or self-
education, whereby the learner continues his learning according to his capacity,
ability and speed of learning and according to his previous experiences and skills,
and e-learning is one of these advanced patterns of so-called learning.  Distance
education in general, and computer-based education in particular.
It is not enough to strive for technology by education and to give lectures and
seminars with their importance in the classroom, but in fact the practical side is the
aspect from which our hypotheses and studies should start
The theorizing is not in universities and seminars, so what was the misdemeanor of
Covid 19 only showed the truth of these calls and the ability of university institutions
to deal with educational developments, as well as the necessity to establish
mechanisms for developing electronic education and evaluation at the Algerian
University, in order to keep pace with its counterparts from developed countries.

Abstract
This research paper came to brief the dimensions of the successful management of
e-learning at the level of higher education institutions, which in turn require a set of
elements and material and human resources to be framed. e-learning in universities,
and hence this paper was a comprehensive summary on the importance of e-learning
and its role in achieving good results in light of social and epidemiological crises on
the one hand, and on the other hand identifying requirements for successful
management that contribute to achieving quality in the e-learning process through
university outputs. The study, which adopted the analysis, concluded that e-learning
is governed by a set of main criteria that contribute to the development of this field,
and among these criteria we find funding, training and training, objective
management and integrative assessment, human capital, physical capital.

The current research aims to identify the of aggressive behavior among kindergarten
children, and its relationship with some variables (educational level of the mother, the
child's gender). Random sample of them has been withdrawn, which reached (100)
boys and girls. the results were as follows: (1) that the most prevalent forms of
aggressive behavior of children was, first, the verbal aggressive behavior, second,
the physical aggressive behavior, then comes the symbolic. (2) the presence of
statistical indication differences between the two genders in the forms of aggressive
behavior among children kindergarten age (5-6 years) . (3) the presence of statistical
indication differences in the forms of aggressive behavior depending on the variable
educational level of the mother,the research concluded with asset of
recommendations and suggestions .

Research aimes to knowledge teachers of geography in the level of preparatory for
internet skills and computerfrom their point of view. The research sample consist 83
male teacher and famale teacher geography in preparatory in the departmentof Refai
education. It selected them on purpose. To achieve educational study. It questionier
consist 40 item divided to sides. Each side 20 item. Commuinty represents this
search teachers of geography in puplic school preparatory for boys in Refai
education 2020-2021. It consists percentage 100 from study. Result appeared in
having skills of internet and computer teachers of geography. It was little levels. As it
appeared none individuals results.

Abstract The research aims to know the effect of the strategy of directed prediction
on the achievement of literary texts for students of the fifth literary grade. From 30
paragraphs of the type of multiple choice and verify its validity and stability and
applied it to the research sample and reached the superiority of the experimental
group students over the control group students. , It also contributes to making the
learners take a more role in the educational process, motivating them to possess the
skills of analysis and logic, and supporting the opinion with evidence and proofs, as
well as helping them to see topics from multiple sides, thus making it easier for the
learner to understand the information by predicting it in advance and then verifying
the correctness of the prediction or not. Derived from the principles of meaningful
learning theory that is compatible with the modern view of learning by adopting the
learner as the center of the educational process, and it was suggested to apply the
strategy of directed prediction to other study subjects and to know its effect on other
variables.

When you advocate the study of structure and function of governors that would
arouse it directly to the theory of the separation of powers. And You deeply search in
this theory, we observe its tenor and meaning would be functions, authorities,
structures, balance of authorities, concerns with set apart the three functions;
executive, legislative and judicial and the prominent members for each. The
executive (the chief of state-president or king) the members of government
(ministers) the body of administration. The members of legislative function are the
representatives of people (the parliament) and those of judiciary are the judges. The
significance in this theory is not the difference of members, but the independence of
those members which must be more extensive as much as possible. Actually, the
outcome is the existence of balance more than the independence especially between
the political authorities; legislative and executive . the aim is simple since
Montesquieu explained in his "The Spirit of the Laws" ((so as not to misuse the
authority, cases must be run by power ceases another). it means that the balance
between powers must legally allow to avoid one controls and acts the three functions
at once.

The aim of the current research is to know the effect of using local environmental
materials in improving students' skills in the technical work subject. As for the
research problem, it is summarized in answering the following questions: What is the
effect of using the materials available in the local environment in technical work
lessons on student achievement? The second chapter (theoretical framework)
included two topics, the first topic: environmental materials and their role in artistic
work, and the second topic: the importance of artistic works in art education. As for
the research procedures in the third semester, the study community consists of the
fourth stage students in the Department of Art Education in the College of Fine Arts -
University of Babylon, for the academic year (2018/2019), and to achieve the
research objectives, the sample was chosen by the systematic random method, and
the study sample consisted of (40) male and female students, and the students were
randomly distributed into two control and experimental groups. In paper, leather,
textile, and natural wood works, the study concluded, after analyzing the results of
the dimensional tests on the study sample, that there are statistically significant
differences between the control group and the experimental group for all skills on
achievement in the subject of technical works in favor of the experimental group.
Among the most prominent of these results: 1- The presence of statistically
significant differences between the control group and the experimental group for
paperwork skill; Where the significance level was (0.037), which is less than (0.05),
and the differences were in favor of the experimental group