TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN

Agricultural development is defined as an integrated process that aims at providing food requirements and opportunities of work as well as increasing agricultural revenue and living standards of people. It is closely connected with foreign agricultural trade especially in terms of exports which is the basic recourse of providing foreign currency to the country .The study hypothesizes that the reality of agricultural development in the selected developing countries reflects in various influences on the development of foreign agricultural trade. In order to verify the hypothesis of the study ,three developing countries have been chosen as a sample of the study namely (Egypt, Morocco and Syria ). The influence of the independent variables that represent the agricultural development of agricultural exports and imports has been calculated in these countries for the period(1995-2015). Time series data have been used in estimating the phenomenon under discussion as an indicator of the resulting changes in agricultural trade. In this study, some conclusions were reached. The most important ones of which are:
Agricultural development effectively contributes to foreign agricultural trade through the connection between them and that is a means to encourage agricultural investment and increase agricultural exports as well as decrease of indicators of Agricultural sector performance in the sample countries. This led to increase values of its agricultural imports which increases its debts and deficit in the general balance . The most important recommendations are:

This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of the economic performance of the state Company for drug industries and medical appliances in Nineveh for the period 2008-2012. It is based on the hypothesis that the decline in economic performance and deviation from the plans and goals set for him because of several factors, foremost of which is the country's economic policy and weak competitiveness for company and the absence of government support to her . The research has two important sides, the first deals with the concept of the efficiency and relevance, The second study focused on explaining the economic performance of the company to the most important standards adopted for this purpose, which are the criteria of added value, productivity and production capacity. The research concluded with several results. In the economic performance of the company during the period of research, which was confirmed through the results of indicators of performance standards mentioned, due to multiple reasons, including weak competitiveness of the company and the inability to expand the outlets of marketing and the absence of necessary government support to her.

This study included an analysis of the impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of a group of aid-receiving developing countries that were selected on the basis of income to include low-income developing countries and middle-income developing countries (high-low) During the period 1995-2015.
Panel data models were used to estimate the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth in the developing countries sample study using the program (Eviews 6). The study found that the effect of foreign aid on the economic growth is positive and that the model of fixed effects is the optimal model for measuring this effect, based on the F test and the Hausman test.

The application of modern marketing strategies replaces the traditional strategies of contemporary issues in the complex and rapidly changing business environment, and is one of the important axes that occupy the work of business organizations at present, especially those looking for survival, expansion and growth. This research includes the role of applying modern marketing strategies for enhancing the capacity of retail stores. The study aims to clarify the effectiveness of modern marketing strategies, especially electronic ones, in supporting retail activities, increasing market share and profitability, attracting new consumers. The main question is: "What is the role of applying the latest marketing strategies in the Carrefour Hyper Market?" The research concluded by reaching several important conclusions, including the application of modern marketing strategies contributes to enhancing the ability of individual stores to provide goods and services to consumers with the least effort, time, quality and price. The most important of these proposals were: In light of the current developments, especially the trade, economic and information openness witnessed by the environment of marketing organizations in particular.

The research aims to study the situation of the practice of strategic planning process in a sample of private education schools in Dohuk governorate represented by schools secondary SABIS and Davinci, and Ninewa represented by the Al-Awael secondary School to determine their requirements and analyze their contents by finding out the actual reality in them. The problem of research refers to the lack of private schools in research sample to adopt the integrated strategic planning in terms of stages. This problem can be specified in the specific question: Are the schools in question exercise a strategic planning process clear and integrated? To address the above problem, the research adopts the following hypothesis; contrast of schools investigated in the adoption of a clear and integrated strategic planning process, the researchers applied the technique of content analysis to the responses of those concerned in the who were met schools as presented in Appendix (1) to the questions contained in the SABIS strategic plan components form referred to in Annex (2) as a reference comparison model that could be used and publish him to the rest of the schools both inside and outside the sample, and the research reached a set of conclusions on which the proposals were based.

The present research aims to shed light on the basic methods to ensure the quality of the provision of educational services and try to identify the most critical criteria in the development of educational administration, which is a critical factor to achieve the outstanding performance of the departments of educational administration. The research dealt with 97 sections, divisions and administrative units in the Directorate of Education in Nineveh province. In fact, it is the field that affected by the application of quality assurance methods directly, which depends on performance control and continuous improvement using many quality control tools.
The questionnaire was distributed at the Directorate of General Education for the Education of Nineveh Governorate with number of 167 questionnaires as the developers for the departments of educational administration. The research attempts to answer the question of what are the methods of guaranteeing the quality of higher education that enables the educational administration to update and develop its performance? Assuming that the performance of the educational administration changes in the best way if there are practical methods to ensure quality commensurate with the performance of the educational administration. The research found that the educational administration needs to modify and change its working methods and its construction in an automatic manner in order to ensure quality and to focus on increasing supervision and auditing of all administrative orders issued by different departments in the organization, and recommending the use of modern technologies in dealing with beneficiaries of educational management services.

This research sought to determine the possibility of establishing the components of the Holistic Manufacturing System in one of the Iraqi industrial companies, to generate a modern industrial environment capable for producing products that meet the needs of the market, in terms of quality and cost on the one hand and the achievement of a competitive edge over the other competing companies on the other hand. Modern productivity has a significant role in reducing costs and improving the quality, including the (HMS)*. The problem posed the following questions:
1. How knowledgeable are the managers of the company in question about the concept and components of the Holistic Manufacturing System?
2. Are managers in the company under consideration seeking to establish components of the Holon Manufacturing System?
3. Which components are most relevant to the company in question?
The research found several conclusions:
1. There is willingness in the company in question to initiate the establishment of components (HMS).
2. The company's management is keen to provide the employees with the necessary expertise and skills to qualify them and acquire the necessary knowledge to ensure the implementation of the work and the tasks without errors or problems.
In the light of those conclusions, several proposals made, perhaps most notably:
1. Define a timetable for the task by which products manufactured in the company in question.
2. To create a state of cooperation between the worker and the machine by enhancing the transparency and mutual experience of the employees as an essential step to ensure continuous production processes.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most important types of financial flows because of the diversity of its sources, the diversity of its forms, its theories and its effects in the recipient countries. It is defined as the kind of investment that occurs when an investor in a foreign country has assets and assets in a country and the importance of this investment in developing countries that have not been able to produce enough food to meet the needs of their local consumption. Therefore, our study relied on the hypothesis that foreign direct investment is affected to prove this hypothesis, a number of these countries were selected, including Jordan, Morocco, Thailand, Turkey and Brazil, as a sample for our study, in which time series data were used to estimate the role of FDI in raising their agricultural growth rate. In this study, several conclusions were reached. The most important of these was the contribution of foreign direct investment in raising the rate of agricultural growth in some countries of the study sample and in other countries, and we propose adopting correct agricultural policies at the macro level that lead to the creation of infrastructure and investment climate suitable for B more companies this type of investment to their agricultural sectors.

The research aims at diagnosing the contents of the strategic planning process through an analytical theory review of models presented by the researchers during the period 1978 to 2017, to find out the stages on which these models built. The problem of research was obvious confusion among researchers, according to their models between the strategic planning process in particular and strategic management in general. The overlap between strategic plans and operational plans, as well as the emergence of the case of the difference between those models with respect to the number of stages and their names adopted under each of them during that period. Accordingly, the research problem was raised in the light of the following question: Does the strategic planning models presented, between 1978 and 2017, a true representative of the strategic planning process? In order to address the problem of research above, the research adopts the following hypothesis: contrast of stages of the strategic planning process according to the models submitted in the period from 1978 to 2017. The researchers applied the methodology of content analysis for standing on the stages according to the models provided during the periods indicated. The research abstract included a presentation of the most important findings of the research, the most prominent of which was the lack of agreement on the stages of the strategic planning process between the researchers the providers of models and made some recommendations that coincided with the treatments needed for the research problem.

Since the prevalence of the market economy, the most countries of the world, including the developed and developing, have competed eagerly to attract the foreign direct investment through offering a package of incentives, in the hope of attracting foreign investors from abroad. The foreign direct investment is the key to the economic development of the various countries of the world especially the developing countries, which are suffering from weak capital level, as well as the transfer of expertise and knowledge, advanced technology, creating additional jobs, contributing to export development, improving the state of trade balance and balance of payments.
From this point of view, the research aims to analyze the reality of investment and foreign direct investment in the Kurdistani Region of Iraq during the period (2006 - 2016), and how to distribute it in the region between sectors and governorates and according to the type of investor and the nationality of the investor and years of investment. The research concluded into a number of conclusions, perhaps the most prominent is the weakness of the role of foreign direct investment in the Kurdistani Region of Iraq during the period of research in terms that the size of the capital invested formed 13.17% of the total investments, as well as the imbalance in the guidance of foreign capital invested to the economic sectors in the region during that period Of (2006-2016), and finally the research came out with a set of proposals, necessary to increase the role of foreign direct investment in the Kurdistani Region in the future.

The crises suffered by Iraq has affected its investment environment significantly, to become a repelling country for investment, so it needs to great efforts and challenges require study, research and treatment in order to reach tangible positive results, through which the most important bottlenecks suffered by the country's economy. The unstable political and security situation in Iraq has made it an unfavorable environment for investments, as well as lack of infrastructure and lack of clarity of investment laws despite the issuance of Investment Law No. 20 of 1980 Attempts to amend it later, especially in 2006, but these amendments were not studied, which prevented its activation. All of these indicators have prevented them from encouraging domestic investors and attracting foreign investors, thus achieving economic growth.

The agricultural sector in Iraq is an important economic sector although it is affected by a long time by natural, human and economic conditions in addition to a policy that prevented the progress and development of this sector despite the strategies followed to improve it but still has not reached the preferred level. The contribution of agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) to the gross domestic product (GDP) remained weak, which placed a burden since this sector relied on oil revenues in the import of the production resources or food for domestic consumption. Consequently, Iraq has become a market for the disposal of capital goods of other countries resulting in a serious burden on the Iraqi economy and heavy debts as result of the massive imports.
The research problem is that, despite the availability of agricultural constituents in Iraq, this sector suffers from problems that make it not commensurate with the size of agricultural production and the level of development it represents. The importance of the research lies in revealing the lack of agricultural production in Iraq to provide adequate food to meet the needs of a population that is growing at rates exceeding the rates of growth of agricultural production. In view of that agriculture plays a great role in increasing the production of other economic sectors, especially the industrial one, the failure of agricultural production affected the rest of other sectors.
The study has also adopted the hypothesis that the agricultural production in Iraq is low as a result of a set of determinants that affected it. Group of variables, varies in its effect, studied capital and manpower used in plant and livestock production, area of cultivated land, the quantity of cereals used in plant production, chemical technology, and number of tractors, harvesters, animals, the quantity of vaccines, slaughtered poultry, amount of fodder and the political variable of both plant and animal production for the period from 1985 - to 2016. The study aims at knowing these determinants in the light of the data available during a period of 32 years.
The research adopted two methods, the Descriptive method and the Quantitative one to interpret its results. The two-stage least squares method has been used and by using the multi-linear regression method, and to make sure of the validity of the results, the factor analysis has been used by the method of the analysis of main components which gave the same results of the previous analysis.

In the light of the spread of free trade between countries and the successive environmental changes and competition, the goal of improving the performance of the establishment and maintaining its sustainability and strengthening its competitiveness is one of the vital objectives that occupy a great deal of the management thinking of the establishment. The reduction of the cost of products and services is provided through facilitating the most important of the main concerns at present to keep up with the competition in the markets. The establishments are always striving to stay in competition in a modern business environment and achieve competitive advantage. The research focused on the application of the integration of some of the methods of modern management accounting according to the ERP system in the company Aljazera ice cream and milk limited to reduce the costs facing enterprises under the conditions of the Iraqi environment, especially industrial. The letter aimed at the possibility of applying some methods of modern administrative accounting and areas of integration between these methods according to the ERP system. This leads to the achievement of competitive advantage in industrial facilities. The study also reached the conclusion that the achievement of competitive advantage requires the establishments to adopt the modern administrative accounting methods that correspond to the size of the establishment and the nature of its activities. The application of these methods leads to the best use of available resources. The integration of modern accounting methods contributes to the competitive advantage. This integration will be better if it is in accordance with the ERP system. One of the most important recommendations of the study is to pay attention to the application of the ERP system and the methods of modern administrative accounting and to train the staff in this area because of the advantage of these methods of the role in achieving the competitive advantage.

The current research aims to determine the effect of the internal strategic communications patterns on the development of dynamic capabilities in educational organizations. The practical aspect of the study was conducted at Mosul University, a questionnaire form was provided for this purpose and distributed to (384) members in the University's faculties and departments with an academic title (Assistant professor and Professor). Some statistical tools have been adopted in analyzing data, including frequencies, percentages, and arithmetic mean for describing and diagnosing research variables, as well as using path analysis to test study hypotheses. The most important conclusion of the research outputs is that internal strategic communication patterns have a significant effect on developing the dynamic capabilities dimensions at the macro-level of the university under study. Some proposals have been recommended that may have positive effects on the university and the other organizations, such as the necessity for developing and sustaining the practice of internal strategic communication patterns at the university and diversifying the practices of the modalities of such patterns at the university and its faculties.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a main part of investment since the aim is to obtain lasting interest or effective control over an enterprise operating outside of the investor’s economy. Objective; the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of FDI inflows and outflows on the economic growth of Iraq from (1980 to 2017). Method and Sample; to accomplish that ARDL approach was used. Result; the study results show FDI inflows for Iraq have a significant and positive impact on economic growth, while, FDI outflows of Iraq have a negative and statistically significant impact on economic growth. Finding; the study found that Gulf War has a negative and significant impact on economic growth (GDP) within the study period. Recommendation; this study’s recommendation is to diversify the government revenue source by diversifying the foreign market sources and providing new services to attract new foreign investors.