LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY, LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Religious seminaries represent an important link in the linguistic study, in addition to their role in spreading religious sciences, preserving the religion's egg from deviant currents, spreading awareness and the corresponding culture, and keeping abreast of developments in various sciences and knowledge; This is what made us approach the research in an aspect of the sciences closely related to the seminary lesson represented by linguistic studies, the lack of praise for the linguistic efforts of the honorable seminary, and the accuracy of the lesson available in this regard, this study came to shed light on those efforts scattered here and there, evaluating and alerting the weaknesses In the curriculum or presenting opinions and presenting them, praising the strengths, so that the recipient will form a picture of the features of this lesson and its most important ancient and modern works as much as our hands attain, asking Al-Bari, the Almighty, for success and repayment

The research deals with the story and its role in achieving the psychological security of the child, by studying the importance of the story in the life of the child, and revealing its components affecting its conscience, imagination, sense, and revealing its components and the most prominent elements that achieve psychological security for him. In order to identify these topics, the research section is based on an introduction, investigations and conclusion, and the researcher used the descriptive analytical method in this study, and the study concluded with certain conclusions and recommendations.

Poetry is a suggestive means that expresses the human life and his psychological cases، and reveals the intents and projections of the soul and for communication with the other depends on the creative speech that achieves the semantic goals and purposes. Regarding this، poets have worked to employ a number of effective artistic tools to convey their thoughts and feelings to the recipient. The interest in place as an element of artistic construction came late in comparison to other elements that the creative work elevates، such as personality، dialogue، description and narration. The importance of place is not different from the importance of time or characters، because this study does not revolve around the significance of place in the novel (Sabaro)، which is a novel that falls under the Societal literature and deals with its issues. The research depends on the significance of place and its role in the artistic formation of the narrative text، with emphasis on the relevance of place in all the elements that make up the novel، including its relevance to time، characters، events، and language، with reference to its role in the technical techniques that have been described in the novel and extracting the general vision of the novel through the relevance of the internal aesthetic artistic elements of the text. The novelist described the place as a real place، so Baghdad and its suburbs and streets were the scene of the novel with real names and a realistic geographical location، thus giving credibility to the novel. Then the description provided a visual picture of the place in which the events of the novel take place، which made the recipient able to realize it and accept what is happening.

A big emphasis that should not be overlooked remains the dialectical interconnectedness between the (ego) and the (other). And just as each image of the (other) represents, in a certain aspect, a self-image, our self-image is not created in isolation from the image we have of the (other). Any text's basis is the connection between (the ego) and (the other). Since it is a complex interaction, it cannot be formulated statically, which is what we see in Ibn Al Giab’s poetry. His depictions of the (ego) differed, demonstrating what motivated the same poet to engage with the (other) and what he learned in the (other) by self-reflection.

One of the main objects is the search of Arabic Calligraphy emergence due to the different presented theories about the real time of emergence. The orientalists had never reached to a clear opinion however they presented many different theories in that field. Among these theories is that the origin of Arabic Calligraphy came from the Semitic development (Semitic languages family) such as the Nabatean writing or the Syriac and other Semitic languages calligraphies that are close to the Arabic Language.
Through this paper, the Oriantalists studies about the Arabic Calligraphy emergence pre-Islam will be discussed during monuments exploration and discovering many different inscriptions belong to genders of Semitic languages that had transcribed pre-Islam including the Aramaic inscriptions, and other derived Arabic calligraphies such as Nabatea, Palmeryne and the Syriac Calligraphies in addition to the southern Arabic Calligraphy that is written in Al-Musnad calligraphy. Regarding this variation in opinion about the Arabic Calligraphy emergence, this paper comes to clarify the nearest scientific opinion about the Arabic Calligraphy emergence, its development and Archeological roots.

This research deals with one of the stylistic phenomena in the poetry of Emri al-Qais, and it was in the use of the conjunctive letter (Fa), which is the arrangement and the date, which is a special case, and contrary to the opinion of the famous. So we went to an accurate reading, and we came to the goal of a man of measure from that. It was intended to place clues for the recipient in the place that was presented with the suspended introduction, in a smart way that moves him from public places until the end of the Special ring that connects them to each other, and this arrangement and arrangement to link the position to the other directly, without interval.

This research dealt with the idea of attaching culture to criticism and integrating it into it so that it becomes a method and a method for the critic. As it is not possible to separate them, and the extent of the influence of culture on the critic's intellectual inclinations and analysis of texts, as well as the influence of unstable political circumstances, and the difference in writing according to the foregoing. Based to three axes, first: the communicative that can be achieved through criticism, second: the colloquial and the ability of the critic to employ it and its reflection on the public and private culture, and the third: the narrator and itsrelationship with texts. All the foregoing themes found their resonance in the applications of fictional texts, especially the products after the US war on Iraq, at all levels of the book.

I want in this research to study the theory of receptivity in terms of its impact on modern Arab criticism. Because of the large number of studies that have been conducted on this theory, we cannot get its definition in a few words, but it suffices to point out that it is one of the modern theories that appeared in the West and the Germans in particular. She clearly influenced Western criticism and also has a hand on Arab criticism, and this is what is indicated by the large number of studies conducted in this field. This is due to the importance of the receptivity theory, as it is based on a general shift from an interest in the author to an interest in the text and the reader. This research will focus on the work of critics Iser and Yeos. Because they are two important poles in the theory of receptivity, in addition to the value of their actions on the one hand, and on the other hand; Because their approach to this theory depends on the reader, and Iser's critical project complements the Yaws critical project, as they care about the text and the reader despite the differences that exist between Iser and Yaws, but their critical project is one of them complements the other.

Comparative literature measures the power of civilizations, but it does not tend to be fanatic or antithetical to humanity.Comparative literature shows the historical encounter, clarifies the nature of this encounter, and reveals the originality of literary and intellectual renewal.Research in the field of bibliography, which makes it easier for other researchers to view studies and then get acquainted with them and facilitate the next task in choosing the next titles in the field of comparative research.

This critical treatment tries to stimulate interpretations and visions that search for the reality of the cognitive cultural conflict that the narrative components are experiencing with the place as a cognitive cultural incubator. Therefore, we are dealing with very rich texts that attract their parties culturally, and the cognitive coherence of their boundaries. The works that bet on the great cultural favor that Abdul Salam relies on in strengthening the cultural position of the place, so that the place is an important form of cultural and cognitive conflict between the characters on the one hand and the place that embraces them on the other hand، The approach is divided into two axes, the first (place and the culture of polarization), as the place culturally contributes to enhancing the personality's ability to seek integration into the general cultural environment by releasing images of cultural attraction that increases the chances of psychological and social coexistence between the person and the place and then culture, and the second topic deals with (The place and the culture of exclusion) and the attempt to find the expelling cultural effect that alienates the personality from the place and makes it live in a state of disharmony and divergence in order to reinforce the intellectual extension known to the non-integration of the expatriate personality in the place. The structure of the text and delineate the boundaries of its beginning and its end based on the active cultural impact.

It is well known that many international and Arab films were produced based on literary origins, many of these origins are different, some of which are mainly long narrative texts, short stories, and theatrical and poetic texts to a lesser degree. This applies to Arab cinema, as it also does to international cinema. If we investigate the number of literary texts that took their way to the cinema screen, we will find the number of quoted films exceeds (420); this number represents films adapted from Arab literary texts. Moreover, many Arab films have their texts from non-Arab literary origins, whether Russian, French, English or other, thus increasing the proportion of films quoted from literary works in general.In order for the literary work to reach the screen, it must go through multiple stages before it is completed and displayed to the recipient on the screen after it has come out from the hearts of books to pulsate on the screen with sounds, colors and movements, some of which may be hidden in the written literary text.
Turning the literary text to a scenario (the middle stage between the book and the screen) varies from one work to another, and from one literary text to another. There is a literary and literal setting and so on, and the research and detail goes on to illustrate the differences between these types, so we only examine what the novel (Delights and Pains) represents, and the text quoted from it. It is worth mentioning here that all the components of the narrative work have the touch of the cinematic producer who aims at preparing a picture script from a written script. It is obvious that the characters undergo many changes that make them suitable for the plot of the script to be visually embodied on the screen. In terms of the number of characters in the original narrative work and its journey to the narrative to the end, what the film narrative adheres to later, what it is dispensing with and what the reasons for it are.

The giving of Arabic grammar to the languages of the world, especially the Hebrew language, is clear. What the Arabic-language scholars presented in their linguistic research has become a perfect example of his approach that seeks to provide a correct structure for his language. Compositions, so they followed the method and method that the Arabs used in their linguistic research, and this study will show what Ibn Jinnah presented by using the Arabic term that he used in his linguistic subject and described his grammatical topics and mentioned the same Arab frontiers in many places, so his books were similar to the Arabic linguistic literature.

The compositional stylistics in the texts of Shiite political poets had a distinctive presence that was evident by their employment of demanding constructive methods that are: (interrogation, command, call) that showed the poets ingenuity and their linguistic ability.
They took this language out of its real use in to metaphorical as their style was defined by deviation or linguistic displacement from the familiar style that grammar and rhetoric have accepted , in a manner appropriate to the position the take and clarify their vision to the recipient, achieving unique creativity represented in their use of methods (presenting, delaying, deleting, turning) , as they were able through these methods to elevate their poetry, as well as express what is in their thoughts and communicating their cause To society, as their employment of them gave the speech power, as well as attracting the attention of the recipient and influencing it

The poet Sheikh Dr. Ahmad Al-Waeli (May God have mercy on him) assumed himself in the hearts of the Arab world in general and the Iraqis with his distinctive style, so his ideas echoed in the religious, social, political, and cultural reality. Where he addressed the concerns of his country and his criticism of the political and social reality that his people lived. Among the most important things covered in this study is the statement of the religious symbol in his poetry, as it emerged in all its forms in his collections, as well as the study of the conditions that were the fertile environment for the emergence of the religious symbolism of the poet, and the most prominent poetic texts whose religious symbolism was prominent and evident in his words and the consideration of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) A model of religious symbolism in his poems.ــــ

The present paper studies a phenomenon in the verse of a modern Iraqi poet, namely (Al-Qina’/the Mask). The two researchers chose to study this phenomenon in the verse of the poet Abdul-Azeez Aseer because he used the mask frequently in his poems. Because the era in which he lived was marked by authoritarian pressure. So the poet resorted to this method (Al-Qina’/ the Mask) to express what he wanted indirectly, as he talks about his conditions and the conditions of his society to which he belongs with a margin of freedom without fear of prosecution and surveillance.

The Qur'anic discourse is a miraculous speech with its various systems and methods. It represents a linguistic pattern full of purposes and metaphors and is also a broad field of linguistic studies in an unspeakable way. This lies in the development of linguistic research a lesson and analysis, and therefore the interpretation of the Sakhawi of the Qur'anic texts is full of indirect verbal acts and through which they can reach the deep and varied purposes of speech, as they can only be reached by identifying those indirect verbal acts. They serve as a language detection tool for purposes in the Qur'anic discourse and also for the sake of the Qur'anic discourse. To show the semantic dimensions of the speech.

In this research the researcher addressed the number of born sons of immigrants to Abyssinia and Medina from Quraish’s sub- clans and its allies in the reign of the prophet (ﷺ) in Abyssinia and Medina, based on the books of classes and biographies which addressed companions’ sons from Quraish and its allies who were born in Medina or Abyssinia in the reign of the messenger of Allah (ﷺ). The researcher also relied on other resources in addition to books of hadith and traditions; the researcher also mentioned the reasons which prevented many companions from having children in Medina or Abyssinia, whether these reasons were social, like if they already had had many children before immigration and circumstances of immigration stood between them and having more children, or if some of them were infertile, some died without leaving offspring or had a small number of them, or they died in forays and expeditions in the reign of the prophet (ﷺ), and this prevented them from having children, as well as the economic conditions which played an important role in limiting the reproduction for many immigrants; poverty prevented them from having many children in order to secure their living. On the other hand, the improvement of living condition of some of them at the end of the era of the messenger’s mission or during the reign of the rightly caliphs, helped lead them to have many children.
Most - not all- of these reasons prevented having large statistics regarding the births of children of immigrants during the era of the mission, as well as the occurrence of deaths of children in that era. Hence, through what was mentioned in the sources, books and historical texts, the researcher conducted a census of the births and deaths of the children of immigrants to Abyssinia and Medina from the sub- clans of Quraish and its allies during the era of the mission, in addition to conducting a statistical study of the Companions who did not have any opportunity to give birth to children during the era of the mission in Medina and Abyssinia, those who were infertile and did not have successors, or different situations prevented them from having children, based on the mentioned sources, books and historical texts, despite that the researcher reached statistics indicating the lack of children of immigrants - whose number was seventy-eight individuals- in Medina or Abyssinia, from the sub-clans of Quraysh and its allies in the era of the mission.
In addition, the researcher has drawn up statistical tables dealing with the percentages of births and deaths of the children of immigrants from the sub-clans of Quraysh, whether those who were born in Medina or Abyssinia during the era of the mission, in addition to drawing statistical tables for those who did not give birth of the companions of Quraysh and its allies, trying through modern scientific methods to find the ratio and proportionality for males and females born in Medina or Abyssinia. In addition, we dealt with the mortality rate for new-borns, whether they were males or females.
The researcher started to find the exact percentage of those who were born in Medina or Abyssinia by making a statistical comparison between the numbers of non-childbearing companions, or companions of whom the percentage of child births in Medina or Abyssinia were recorded in order to arrive at the percentages of births for children of the immigrant companions during the era of the mission.
In conclusion, the researcher tried, through presenting this research, to conduct a statistical study of the children of immigrants from Quraysh and its allies who immigrated to Medina or Abyssinia from a historical perspective, dealing with a period of time that passed by fourteen centuries, and given the importance of this historical period, the researcher tended to conduct a population census for a group of births and deaths who were the focus of attention on the part of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the companions. In fact, we find that Islam as a religion and Sharia, and the Prophet (ﷺ)) being a messenger sent by Allah The Almighty and a leader of the Islamic nation urged us to increase the number of children and increase the population, and to pay attention to the category of children without discrimination between male or female. In spite of all this, we find that what the researcher has reached in terms of statistics does not rise to the level of ambition and care that the Prophet (ﷺ) gave to man and childhood during the era of the mission. As mentioned earlier, there were various and multiple situations and circumstances that prevented the immigrants from having children of males and females that satisfy the aspiration of the Islamic community to have many children during the time of the Prophet (ﷺ) so that they would be the solid foundation in building the Islamic nation and the best successor to the best predecessors who were the nucleus of the era of the mission.

This research aims to show the symbolism of the heraldry on the metal, as this element has witnessed a remarkable spread on metal artifacts to be a distinctive sign of the Sultan, Ayyubid and Mamluk prince. So it was implemented directly on the various metal artifacts, incense burners, pots, jugs and other Islamic artifacts in general. It was widely spread in the Islamic era and used as it symbolically and intellectually affects the thinking of princes and sultans, which is something that is heading to change and imposed during the change of government. We have shown in this research about symbolism and its connotations of state heraldry, minerals and mining in ancient times and in Islamic times. The most important symbol on which it was carried out the sultan juice cup , which is the most famous of which is called the court cup holder. Secondly, comes the heraldry of the scribe, the person who writes the Sultan’s orders and displays the mail coming from outside, followed by the sack heraldry that is concerned with the Sultan’s dress and the polo heraldry is a sign for the person holding the playing stick, then the eagle heraldry the slogan of Saladin and some of the Mamluks, indicating control and power, and finally the written heraldry in which the names of kings and rulers were recorded, along with propaganda phrases.

The Kurds' positions were characterized by obtaining their rights during the monarchy and choosing various solutions to obtain their independence. After the revolution of the fourteenth of July 1958, the Kurds welcomed its establishment, and the leaders of the Kurdistan Democratic Party wished to organize the Free Officers by congratulating them on the new era in order to build sound and correct relations between the two parties.
The conflict continued even after the coup of February 8, 1963, and afterwards until 1966.
Britain was constantly interfering indirectly in the relationship between the Iraqi government and the Kurds, so its commitment was directly that the Kurdish problem is of Iraqi concern, and Britain has no right to interfere in it, but the historical fact has proven otherwise.

The Neo-Babylonian period (612-539) B.C., one of the bright ages in the history of ancient Iraq. Its kings left many building inscriptions wrote their achievements in architecture. From this standpoint, the research came to highlights the Architecture terms in Neo-Babylonian Inscriptions, enriched with examples to gain an understanding of meanings. The research was divided into sections dealt with: The foundations and schemes, fences and walls, gates and doors, roofs, roads and pathways, directions, places, temples and shrines, buildings materials, work procedures, and architects, finally: damages and disappearance.

The subject of this study is the signs of Power and pride in some ancient sculptures in Iraq. To shed light on the ancient Iraqi artist's products, it is about what these works are and what dimensions they carry for their artistic scenes. According to a vision of a specific theme, the ancient Iraqi sculptor inserted it, representing the phenomenon or projection of reality in artistic practice. In its artistic scenes, ancient Iraqi art contained a collection of subjects that were often self-expression of the vision and creativity of the artist, or a representation of personal characteristics in society, or was in response to the religious and political wishes of the two authorities. It is an attempt by them to express and employ topics that convey their aspirations and ideas that impose their hegemony in society, reflecting what,it enjoys a prominent and sublime position. Signs of strength and prestige were one of those topics included in the artistic sculptures.

The British interest in Kuwait back to 1775 when the idea of moving of the East India Company from Basrah to Kuwait has been emerged due to the blockade made by Safavids on Basrah , from that time Britain started to pay efforts to have a control on it , at the period between 1820-1899 Britain tried to involve Kuwait to the protection agreements that was imposed on the Arabian emirates , but it couldn´t persuade their rulers as they intend to keep their emirates out of British control as well as not to poke the Ottoman Empire that was looking for interfering in Kuwait .

Hotels are generally a place of residence or a break for travelers to enjoy the comfort and ease the pain of travel for a while. This study came exactly the opposite, as we highlighted the hotel in terms of business and its role in the business movement. The first illiteracy has emerged in the conclusion of trade agreements between the parties or traders during their stay, in addition to its importance in maintaining the safety and merchandise they were roaming for, sold between different Moroccan cities. As a result of this importance, successive authorities have been keen to preserve and care for hotels in terms of insurance as well as regulate the movement of traders and trade at the same time through the imposition of taxes on commercial transactions.

The subject of existential beauty is one of the topics that preoccupied most Sufis by trying to find a link between the aesthetic experience and the Islamic reverence, as it is one of the foundations on which the Sufis depended in their mystical and aesthetic experience.
This experience presented by Jalaluddin Al-Roumi in his theses on Islamic ritualism as an authentic experience linked to his ontological stance, which centered on man, and the manifestation of the divine beauty in his existence and how to perceive this beauty and know its truth.
This matter also presented by Ibn Arabi in his aesthetic experience, which basically came from his mystical experience, in the circle of divine beauty. This is why beauty represents an internal experience that controls the course of his experience and the mystical aesthetic, justifying his experience in Quranic texts and noble prophetic hadiths. And an emphasis on the subject of the divine revelation in the human soul, and whoever God loves him I see are indications of his power. From here we find the tyranny of the Islamic character of both Jalaluddin al-Rumi and Ibn Arabi in their intellectual productions, and this is what we find clearly in their approach to the topic of beauty and its manifestations in the universe and man.

The study aims to answer an important research question: Is there a correlation between individuals' Grit, their Coping styles psychological stress, and their religious beliefs? In order to select a sample of students at University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, which consisted of (300) university students. they are chosen randomly. The researchers used the Grit scale, and the Intrinsic Religious orientation scale, Which are characterized by validity and reliability. The results of the study refers to there are Grit, Intrinsic Religious in students at University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, and there are Positive relationship between Grit and Intrinsic Religious.

Human communication appeared from the beginning of creation, and it is necessary for the cohesion of individuals, groups and peoples. Social networks are considered one of the most prominent new technological innovations in the world of the information revolution, until they have become a method of daily interaction and a pattern of knowledge exchange, and the rapid spread of these networks has made them one of the most important features of the modern era due to their profound effects and radical changes in the methods and forms of direct and indirect communication.

Transitional justice is one of the important and necessary topics that recently started taking a large and significant place in the field of humanities, as it is closely related to the process of democratic political transition and the treatment of human rights issues. As such, Transitional Justice designates that countries that have suffered from conflicts, or those which have witnessed the rule of a repressive authoritarian regime should uphold the principles of transitional justice following the end of those governments and conflicts. Those principles, in turn, are mainly based on: holding those who commit abuses and violations responsible; cleansing the state’s institutions from those who have been involved in committing crimes, and reforming these institutions in order to ensure that such violations do not happen in the future; serving justice to the victims and their families, as well as commemorating the memory of the martyrs, in order to achieve reconciliation among all the people of the various backgrounds. It has become essential to address transitional justice as a way to ensure the success the democratic transition process, and address past violations.

In view of the great social and economic changes that society and individuals are exposed to as part of it, it has emerged that there is a change in the standards on which individuals are preferred in their marital choices, and sometimes contradict them, which caused the emergence of many social problems, such as high rates of marital problems, high rates of divorce, the emergence of deviations, etc. Of the problems. Therefore, the research aimed to identify the opinions of a group of 245 intending to marry towards their choice of their life partner in the city of Diwaniyah to be the research community, by uncovering the most important and first axes of the marital selection system that they adopt or prefer in their choice of their life partner for what this type of Research on knowledge and understanding of the nature of individuals' tendencies towards various life issues. Therefore, the research problem can be embodied in some of the questions that the research will answer, which are: What is the role of the family in marital choice? What is the effect of marital choice on family compatibility? What are the effects resulting from poor marital choice?
The research concluded that the percentage of males is predominant over females in the research community, as meeting young men who are about to get married was easier to talk to than females who are about to get married as well, and that the vast majority of the study sample falls in the age group of 25-35, i.e. the youth group, and it became clear that the distribution of individuals The sample according to which age stage prefers marriage, in the first order from 20-25 years at a rate of 46.9%, in the second order from 25-30 years by 40.8%, and in the third order, less than 20 years of age by 12.2%, and that haste in marital selection leads to Marital problems that may lead to divorce, and this was confirmed by the vast majority of the study sample.

Contemporary architecture represents a visual phenomenon based on distinctive intellectual life necessities and a distinguishing mark in the comprehensive march of human civilization, as it is a product of daily practice with its multiple levels and architecture forms. An intellectual pattern that is manifested by the formal presence of the architectural construction based on stylistic transformations and influenced by the environment, the weather, and the prevailing intellectual values, as well as by the historical heritage and spiritual beliefs .

The current research is an attempt to inside the texts, trends and methods of artistic texts by linking them to cultural criticism or civilization criticism, which is the criticism of a culture on root grounds. Often this criticism is intertwined from a social point of view with the theory of culture and it deals with the idea of revealing the implicit cultural systems, in society and culture, and therefore it is sequential and simultaneous at the same time, as it strikes in the depth of civilization and contributes to determining the cumulative cultural destination, and on the other hand it monitors the immediate developments For a cultural act.

The Iraqi director (Kazem Al-Nassar) is a producer of shows that took the characteristic of political cabaret and what befell the Iraqi self in terms of crises and the effects of wars and civilizations, which had its loads of marks and treatments for crises, to have the distinction of presenting and reading the reality of the successive societal shocks.

The current research deals with the aesthetics of the dramatic scene in Ottoman Turkish photography, by studying the elements of dramatic construction and the aesthetic construction of scenes of Ottoman Turkish miniature for the period of time (1544-1603AD). Therefore, in the first chapter, the researcher sought to clarify the research problem, its importance, and the need for it, in addition to the research goal, which was represented by the following:
“Aesthetics of the dramatic scene are known in Ottoman Turkish photography.” Then the researcher concluded the aforementioned chapter by defining terms that have a direct relationship to the title of the research and its objectives. As for the second chapter, it included a presentation of the theoretical framework and indicators. It was made up of two studies. The first chapter proved the emergence of drama and the elements of the dramatic construction. As for the second topic, it deals with the technical characteristics of the Ottoman Turkish School of Painting. The third chapter was concerned with monitoring the research community and the tool that included collecting information, so a sample of it was adopted in an intentional way. (6) pictorial works covered the boundaries of the research by adopting the descriptive and analytical approach for the purpose of analyzing them according to the axes of the analysis tool adopted by the researcher. As for the fourth chapter, it included the results of the research, which included:
1- The Ottoman Turkish photographer relied, in choosing his subjects, on simulating reality and its various events stemming from the intellectual structure of the Turkish society within an integrated dramatic context. He embodied scenes of historical religious events as in the sample (4,3,2), and warfare as in the sample (6), and scenes Life as in the sample (5,1).
And then the conclusions that emerged from which the possibility of achieving the research objectives through the tool designed by the researcher, including:
1- The Ottoman Turkish photographer's interest in adopting realistic topics and real events that took place in the past or contemporary, worked to organize them according to his imagined vision within a balanced dramatic context, which is nothing but confirmation of his adherence to reality, the traditions and values of society and the important religious and historical events that had an effective impact

The spread of Partisan political corruption turns the state and its institutions into a supplier and financier of the party to ensure its survival and retain its members, and enhance its ability to resist the challenges and temptations of other parties. The Italian political system has suffered from party political corruption and the proliferation of authority parties for decades, so parliamentary life has been characterized by a change of loyalties for the pursuit of personal gain. This produced weak parties, and parliamentary blocs, and unstable government coalitions, which explains the short lifespan of successive governments. Partisan political corruption has not only affected the political side but has been the main reason for creating many economic problems. It has caused the misallocation of resources, the rise of the shadow economy, the escape of the skills needed to develop high-tech production, and the reduction of the income of the productive class of society, what caused the depression.

Yemen is a country of strategic importance located in the Arabian Peninsula, overlooking the Bab al-Mandab Strait, and enjoying enormous economic potential thanks to its large workforce, long coastal line, and its agricultural and hydrocarbon resources.
As the Arab Sea region and its two strategic approaches, the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab, is a very vital area for the international maritime port, through which most of the international commercial and military shipping lines pass through it. This region has not recently led with its international strategic importance, rather it has always been so. The Suez Canal, in the middle of the nineteenth century, contributed to increasing the pace of international trade and shortening the maritime distance between Europe, India and the Far East. However, this was only an enhancement of the strategic importance inherited from ancient times. The Arab East is only a focal point in the lines of cultural and commercial relations, from As it is a crossroads between East and West.The focal points on global sailing lines were viewed as bottlenecks, especially for oil exports, which are the most important and dangerous at the present time, given that the Arab Gulf region is the main source of energy supplies in the world, given the passage of 61% of global energy supplies, i.e. what Equivalent to 58.9 million barrels per day out of the 96.7 million barrels total global energy demand.

The foundations of joint stock companies are one of the most fundamental kinds of companies that are established by law, because of their important role in developing the different economic sectors of countries and raising the degree of industrial progress, besides their participation in the various fields of investment, and this importance also arises from the large volume of capital in this type of companies, which the law settles to put its shares to the public in a public subscription by an accredited bank for the purpose of public participation in the ownership of shares of this type of companies. In addition to not setting the maximum number of partners in them, and since the shares are put in a public subscription to include the participation of the public or the bulk of it in the ownership of shares, the possibility of paying the installments of all shares at the moment of subscription urgently seems not easy, as it is difficult for everyone to have sufficient cash flow which enables him to buy shares at the time of the subscription, so to ensure the participation of the majority of the public and who wish to own the shares, the Iraqi legislator has authorized the law of the companies like other legislators to buy. Shares by the public and their payment to the company deferred. This means that the partner .

Among the most important findings of the researcher, most of the scholarsrely on the awareness of the dangers of war remnants mainly on posters and preparatory signs, as they are a very means of clarification, and contribute to the formation of awareness among the public. War remnants because of their important role in educating the public, especially in the spring season and citizens going out for a walk. The research also found that war remnants, have become difficult to identify due to soil erosion and the geological changes that occurred to it as a result of the rains that run off with mines far from their specific areas. Great damage and problems to society and the environment, and in the walk of human casualties, and the rotation of vast areas of agricultural land, which prevented its reconstruction and redistribution of the population in it. The search aimed at knowing the role of relations with the risk of waste awareness, public relations is the need for any institution whether security or economic, or social, no institution can work without ensuring mutual understanding between them and the public and the research has been directed to the audience.
Public Relations, Awareness, Risks of War remnants

Public Relations management proves to be an effective communication and management function through its original and effective tools in facing the current challenges of the organization and society, regardless of the activity it is associated with; As it can support solving problems and crisis situations, and enhance the reputation of the government or organization and its products or services in crisis situations, so the work of managing public relations strategies is absolute and mandatory to face the damage caused to the government, and it may be very dangerous unless the correct administration is in handling the crises. Based on these considerations, the purpose of the research paper is: to present the concept of image-reform strategies for the Public Relations Department and its primary role in reforming the government's image in crises, and to analyze and evaluate the work of relations and analyze how to manage the crisis situation and the measures taken in this regard and their impact on the final results of the government's work.
Image reform strategies in public relations may support governments in predicting and responding appropriately in crisis situations, if applied according to the correct scientific foundations, good communication during a crisis has the ability to improve the public’s perception and stop the negative reactions towards the government.

The current research aims to know "the effectiveness of KUD strategy on achievement and inferential thinking among fifth-grade scientific students in chemistry". The researcher followed the semi-experimental method with the post-test, and the research sample consisted of (66) students from Salam High School for Distinguished affiliated with the Baghdad Education Department, Al-Karkh II, divided into two equal groups: experimental number (33) students studied using the KUD strategy and control (number 33) students studied In the usual way, the two groups were rewarded in the exotic variables. The researcher prepared a test of the achievement type consisting of (30) paragraphs, and the inferential thinking test consisted of (20) items and conducted for both honesty, consistency and statistical analysis of their paragraphs. One of the results of the research was the superiority of the experimental group that was studied according to the KUD strategy over the control group in achievement and inferential thinking.

Parental Competence and its Relationship to Psychological Empowerment of Academic Students
The present study shows the level of parental competence and psychological empowerment among university students. In addition, it displays the relation between parental competence and psychological empowerment. In the study, The researcher depends on the parental competency scale and the psychological structures. The the study selects the students of the College of Education in Wasit University for the academic year (2019-2020). The sample of study contains (400) students (male & female). They select by random way among 14,000 students(male & female). Hence, the data analyzed statistically by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program. (SPSS). The findings of study show the following:
1. Academic students in Wasit governorate enjoy parental competence.
2. Academic students in Wasit governorate have psychological capabilities.
3. There is a positive statistically significant correlation between the two research variables, parental competence and psychological empowerment.
4. The researcher developed a set of recommendations and suggestions based on the results of the current research

The aim of this research is represented by explaining the concept of sustainable development and its historical development as well as the relation between development from one side and the science of Geography from the other side an attempt to highlight the role of " geography of development" and approaching the geographical concept of development and consequently predicting the future dimensions of developmental studies It will be basis for constructing societies as well as highlighting the role and importance of sustainable development which became the obsession of all states and the necessity of including it in the modern study curriculum.
It is hypothesized that there is a contrast in explaining the concept of development and a big mixing between the other synonyms like advancement and updating and the economic growth. The methodology of the research is the descriptive-analytical one to provide the real dimensions of explaining. Talking about the structure of the research, the scientific necessity required to divide the research into many sections. The first section includes the problem of the research, its importance with the research hypothesis, its limits, and determining the terms. While the second one includes the study of the historical development of the concept and the manifestations of insufficiency of this concept through its inclusiveness. The third section is dedicated to education for sustainable development, whereas the fourth section concentrates on the relationship between geography and development, the researcher found out some a number of conclusions and recommendations.

The research aims to identify the effect of the black and white strategy on the development of mental thinking in the teaching of
Science To verify the goal of the current research, he put the null hypothesis, which is:There are no statistically significant differences at (05.0%) between the average difference of (pre-test scores)And dimensional) for students of the experimental group that studied science with a black and white strategy, and medium.The difference of test scores (pre and post) for students of the control group that studied the same subject in the manner
Habitual (traditional) in the development of mental thinking
To verify this, the researcher chose an experimental design with two groups, one experimental and the other a control.
with a total of (256) students, was chosen by random drawingDivision (A) of Al Kut Intermediate School and Division (A) of Imam Al Hassan Intermediate School
As a control group, where the research sample was in both groups (64) students.Reward the researcher between students of the two groups of research in variables (chronological age, previous academic achievementFor the semester of the biology course, Raven's IQ test, the Reasoning Test, in the sciences.After analyzing the results statistically, the following shows:There were statistically significant differences at (05.0) level between students of the experimental group and studentsThe control group in mental thinking, as students of the experimental group outperformed students Control group.In light of the research results, the researcher recommends the importance of using the black and white strategy in science education.For second-grade students, intermediate, and the researcher also suggested that similar studies be conducted on stages and study materials
Other and in other dependent variable

The study aims to identify the characteristics of the poor population of the head of the family and its members, as well as identify the most important factors that cause poverty and its effects on the human and the family. The study revealed the high rates of poverty due to the low economic and social characteristics of the head of the family. Poverty, illiteracy, low standard of living, increase in population growth and high dependency ratio, as well as negative effects, including dropouts, child labor, crime and domestic violence.

The spatial difference of Iraq's pure and consumed water service was investigated.. The study indicated that the quantities of production of pure water in Iraq is (9202983) m 3 / day, while the consumption amount is (7843750) m3 / day.The study showed that by 2025 the consumption increases, three times the net water production, which needs to manage the operations of managing water supply and demand, in light of climate changes and scarcity in the revenue of the Tigris and Euphrates basins..

The research aims to study the relationship between technology and language, there is a convergence between them through linguistic analysis and smart language. The linguistic revolution has passed through many stages, to begin with, coding of sounds for words, then pictures, then in letters and phrases. The central issues of philosophy and linguistics have gained new relation artificial intelligence, to identify of additional problems raised by the philosophy of language and mind, Will the human language be adapted to computer software or vice versa? to achieve this, they drew a lot of their views on automatic language from the language philosophers, especially: Wittgenstein, Carnap and others. The philosophy of language has had an effective presence in developing of artificial intelligence and automating language in particular.

Hegel is considered among the philosophers whose philosophies came late Hegel's life is divided into two parts: the stage of youth and the stage of maturity. As for the youth stage, it begins with Hegel's study at the Tubingen Theological Institute, until his move to the city of (enna) in 1801 AD, thus beginning the stage of maturity of Hegel and his fame in academic circles, until his death in 1831 AD.
The youth stage is considered an important stage in Hegel's life, although it has a theological character, but it was the starting point for his religious problem that continued to accompany him even in the stage of maturity. Religion - which is the de facto founder of it - in particular.
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Jesus, (p.u.h.), in the true Christian faith is not a God or a son of God, but rather a human being. Paul is the founder of the foundations of the Christian doctrine known today, and from these foundations is the doctrine of the Trinity. It is a doctrine rejected by sound reason and sound logic, and that the dispute between Christians was continuing about the Trinity and the deity and nature of Christ. They did not agree on a single belief, although this belief is one of the basic beliefs of Christians. We also note a great role for church councils in replacing corrupt beliefs with true beliefs, as they have fought monotheism through their decisions, while we do not find them explicitly mentioned in the Bible, which confirms that this belief not mentioned in the Bible.

The Spirit of God is a firm belief in the divine laws of prophets .All followers of the divine canons believe his existence and belief in him ,The Old Testament mentioned this term (spirit) added to God and without addition and in both cases had many meanings and connotations.

Prepositions and linking tools represent two sections of speech in Hebrew language, which are frequently used in the language but have little research important. The reader may pass these tools and understands them in his language, but in many cases these tools have a wide linguistic dimension in both of linguistic and semantic fields as if they are compared to their multiple uses.
This research studied the tool (until)- which has dual function in Hebrew -from two sides, the first is the grammatical function of this tool as prepositions (links verbs with nouns or nouns with nouns), and a linking tool (to connect the linguistic structures, sentences or the linguistic units). the second is the semantic field since this tool represent a noun that has lost of meaning, and entered into many linguistic structures and idioms, in general, its meaning is (the end).
Its clear that the prepositions (until) has undergone major linguistic development where it is found in many biblical verses as well as in the Mishnaic Hebrew, and it has different linguistic interpretations, and has entered modern Hebrew in different linguistic expressions and compositions.
This research included many evidence from various stages of the Hebrew language as mentioned in the biblical and Talmudic texts, in literature and the press, which show the multiple uses of this tool, as well as the classification of its meanings.

The present paper touches upon the concept of “Jihad (holy war)” in the translation of the meanings of the Noble Qur’an into Hebrew made by the Jewish translator Uri Rubin. Translating the meanings of the Noble Qur’an into Hebrew has been the focus of attention of specialists due to the seriousness and importance of such studies.
The translator Robin has made great mistakes as a result of his wrong understanding or incorrect interpretation of the noble Qur’an texts; the nature of the Qur’an texts, its rhetorical miracles and the Islamic meanings and concepts they contain require a deep understanding and a conscious mentality. The translator Robin is supposed to have full understanding of the term “Jihad” to translate it in the correct and proper way into Hebrew. The translator wants to spread and confirm the Zionist ideas in the translations of the Holy Quran.
The study shows that the translation of the meanings of the Noble Qur’an has started since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) during the call to spread Islam. On the other hand, as a result of the status the Jews had under the Islamic Caliphate in Andalusia, the translations of the Holy Qur’an were issued partially and completely. The mistakes in Rubin's translation of the meanings of the Noble Qur’an into Hebrew, which is inconsistent with the original text, may show that the main purpose of the translation is to distort the meanings of the Noble Qur’an.

Lorsque l’on enseigne en classe de FLE, le choix du texte littéraire s’appuie sur la stratégie d’enseignement qui utilise des facteurs essentiels pour garantir la réussite de l’enseignement et pour guider les apprenants dans leurs parcours d’apprentissage, ce qui, évidemment, rend le choix du texte littéraire dans cette démarche très important et sensible tout en respectant les critères nécessaires à l’élaboration d’un véritable enseignement intense. Une concentration sera faite principalement sur le concept d’usage du texte littéraire et les raisons de l’absence de l’apprentissage littéraire et des critères principaux des besoins littéraires de l’apprenant pour aider l’enseignant à mieux exercer ce travail.

Language is a mirror to self-identity and social power. Humans sculpt their identities in society through their own words and linguistic structures and if they are marginalized or demeaned, they count on language to show power and individuality. The importance of language as identity mirroring, sets the present study to investigate feminism on a linguistic ground. It examines women speech under a critical discourse analysis which makes the perfect lead to the swelling social problem of women's identity and power. The study aims at investigating how women utilizes their true power through language. To achieve this aim, the study investigates the linguistic structure of Lady Zainab's (A.S.) sermon. The study adopts Fairclough's Model (1995) in order to reach the intended conclusion.

During the past years, a large number of analyses have been done on what is called discourse markers, which are considered a class of linguistic expressions. Notably, various approaches have been taken, and unsurprisingly various results have been produced as to the theoretical status of discourse markers such as Potts, 2005 or even Blakemore, 2002. Although discourse markers are typically considered as one of the basic characteristics of oral discourse, nowadays it has been also found in written texts. Therefore, the current study introduces a kind of investigation to discourse markers in the written language of Iraqi participants in the English Language Proficiency Test, henceforth referred to as ELPT. Throughout this study, it has been illustrated that discourse markers have a great ability in improving the quality of writing in addition to increasing the conception of text. In the current research, there is an attempt to measure the participants' knowledge about Discourse Markers. This study aims to find out whether Iraqi ELPT participants use discourse markers in their writing and how they use them. To justify this aim, an analysis of forty essays written by ELPT participants was done. Those essays were collected randomly during the academic year 2019-2020 at the English Language Center /University of Technology. The current paper has shown that discourse markers are considered one of the most important tools that enrich the writing abilities of any writer.

The research ( Explanation in the German language in comparison with the Arabic language , an analytical study in form and function) deals with the subject of a comparative description of the structure of explanation in the German language and their equivalent in the Arabic language , and this study is inspired by the fact that the purpose in the German language is due to concept of causation in the broader meaning, but there is no concept of Purpose in the Arabic language, rather there is the explanation that combines cause and purpose. This is what led to the study of the subject in a contrasting manner.

The research marked (the surprising in contemporary Iraqi painting) consisted of four chapters. The first chapter was devoted to the methodological framework of the research. The research problem ended with the following question: What is the surprising? What are its representations in contemporary Iraqi painting? It also included the aim of the research, its importance and the need for it. As for the second chapter, it was devoted to the theoretical framework, which dealt with two topics: The first came under the title of Understanding and Growing Up, while the second dealt with contemporary Iraqi painting. While the third chapter is devoted to research procedures, the researcher has chosen (3) artworks in an intentional manner and analyzed by adopting the descriptive approach (qualitative content analysis method) based on the indicators of the theoretical framework. As for the fourth chapter, it was devoted to the results of the research, including: 1- The astonishment in contemporary Iraqi painting represents love and desire to deal with Western artistic subjects to express the cultural environment of the West. 2- Experimenting in contemporary Iraqi artistic styles has contributed to creating representations of artistic astonishment by addressing Western plastic arts issues. Conclusions: 1- The ancient civilization of the first generation cannot be erased, even if later civilizations produced quantitative and qualitative changes in the value and nature of the artistic achievement. 2- The environmental heritage is the main factor in inspiring the artist. The research ended with recommendations, proposals and a list of sources.

This study is focused on the knowledge of the spatial analysis of the irrigation methods used in the cultivation of the wheat crops in the Holy Karbala Governorate and the extent of the effect of their use on the area, production, and productivity of the crop in the governorate. It is the size of agricultural holdings and production costs, and that the rise in cultivated areas in the province was due to the expansion of the use of modern irrigation methods, from which the production of Wheat crops increased.

The hydrological characteristics were studied by adopting mathematical models represented by the Berkeley, Talbot, and jetton model. One of the most important aspects in this study, the fact that the basin area is one of the promising areas suitable for the investment of surface water and groundwater and in economic quantities that can contribute to the revitalization of various sectors, particularly agricultural ones, some of the hydrological variables were addressed to understand the nature of runoff in the basin region and estimate their quantities under these variables as well as to estimate the volume of sedimentary output and determine the extent to which they can be utilized.