LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY , LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

The research deals with the study of educational institutions that appeared in Aleppo، which were established by Zengid and Ayyubid princes and sultans، in addition to statesmen and scholars، and the role of these institutions in the development of the scientific life in Aleppo، which was mentioned in the book of Bughyat Attalab for Kamal Addin B. Al-'Adim. From mosques، mosques، and then schools، in addition to the khanqahs، zawiyas، and linkages in the Zangid era، then the Ayyubid.

In this papers, many grammatical issues were discussed to reveal the points of discourse considering the social aspects in the grammatical regulations. This current paper highlights the study of the Kufi Imam Abi Alhasan Ali Bin Hamza Alkisaee. Many Pragmatics aspects were indicated in his regulations which represented in the pragmatics syntax, intentional and speech verbs and predicted assumption. The results of this paper revealed that the early grammarians exposed in their books many of pragmatics and linguistic aspects that discovered by the mordent language science.

The strange language is the wards and expressions that are vaque and far from understanding the strange expressions in the eras of protest was eloquent for those who say and transporters. But it lost that after the ages of protest during the time of the moderns so he took the meanings of the rare and the vulgar which is spoken by other than the eloquent, the ignorant, the people of the professions and the craftsmen. It became alot of use and it is not eloquent often.

Sometimes a person thinks that running away from reality is an accidental case ends with the disappearance of the influencing factors that disorder soul with itself, but this thing is completely different in the novel of (a spit at the face of life).
Thus it is a textual production in which the writer declares that the misery of the life doesn’t actuate to take illusion as a refuge just to escape from the bitterness of reality , but it also actuates at the violation and rebel all the subjects, traditions and social customs, and if the artistical text was the writers’ aim to express the repressions of the soul and the rescue from the pains and the torments.
Then this production came – at the writer’s point of view-as an exceptional text expressing the idea of victory in the man’s freedom on society and life, as the hero’s character seeks to get out from its psychological crisis in a forbidden sexual seduction and to pass the limits of the familial relationship in the extent in which religion refuses and the society scorns, and then the setting out to kill the daughter after her refrain to react and submit to the rebellions motives of the soul. As it looks like that the character suffers from a complex relates to a series of problems that stop the reader, especially the problems of the environment in which the writer lived in and his personal circumstances lifetime , and that what was dealt with in chapter one. After the entrance, a theoretical introduction explains the difference between the psychological criticism and the self-criticism embodied the narrator and the novelist together in the light of a special psychological vision about the character itself.
الخلاصة

The research dealt with the earth with its mention in the Holy Qur’an, and that in the series of studies and research in the sciences of the Noble Qur’an. For Muslims, human knowledge has two basic sources: the divine revelation transmitted from the Creator, Glory be to Him, to the Master of Creation Muhammad (p.u.h.) and the acquired sciences in various fields of knowledge and which is in the product of successive generations of the human race and to this day, and while it appears to us that the human race has relied on what came from God, a conquest of knowledge and religion, and therefore this research is only to look at the science of the earth from within the miracles of God. Generous

The choice of the title is a reflection of the extent of the writer's ability to achieve compatibility and harmony between the composition of the text and its title, and it is considered a measure of reaching the comprehensiveness of the meaning, this is from the side of direct analysis of the title text and its comparison with the content of the text, but it is worth mentioning that this is not the only condition for judging the title and highlighting its significance and extent Its harmony with the text, because harmony is not evident often within the judgment on the title of a single story, but if we look at the sequence of stories and shed light on them as one structure, harmony may be achieved significantly, and by dropping this judgment on the significance of the title in a group of writer Zaki's stories, we will find that most of the titles selected for his short stories have connotations that are closely related and embrace the significance of the narrative content of Al-Ayla’s stories, especially in his very short stories, for example (Their banners, Preachers, The Military Who Spread), as well as in his story collections such as (Walls from Blood, A Deep Gray Sea, Thirst), but with varying criteria in terms of compatibility between the title and the content, and these are estimates that may differ from one critic to another and even from one recipient to another.
The diversity in semantics is the most characteristic of the stories of the writer Zaki Al-Ayla. We find that the title bears a material symbolism, while the content focuses on the people whom the writer makes the epicenter of events. And the character begins to impose itself through the events of the story and remains inherent to it from beginning to end, where it interacts with most of the events the story narrates; and that is evident in the story (The Compass), which dealt with many characters and was the basic structure of the events of the story. As well as (walls from blood), where the focus was on one character more than others, and what is meant here is to link this to the significance of the title in these stories and to show the creativity of the writer in choosing the title, taking it for a certain symbolism and then attaching it to the events of the story through the person who is the focus of its events.
It is worth mentioning that the Al-Ayla made the spirit of resistance present in most of his literary works and did not depart from its framework even in the stories that dealt with events about love, and this appears in the story of (Other Windows for the Reveal), in which he made the hymns of the details of the lovers in it do not forget the conscience of the camp, and this confirms His full commitment to the principles that he embarked on from the beginning.

The Holy Qur’an is the only text that God has chosen to be the seal of divine miracles, and it is an unceasing spring of secrets and wonders that have remained immortal throughout the ages. Perhaps the realization of its miracles and the disclosure of its facts remained the course of research among scholars and interpreters who seek to draw from its subjects, each according to the amount of his awareness, knowledge, and understanding. And the Quranic comma is one of its pillars, as it comes in many forms, images, and meanings, and it has a voice and a varied melody from one surah to another and in Surat, al-Najm is a living function that reveals its secrets, so every word in it came in harmony with the meanings of the verses that were written in an artistic sequence The deep connotations and gestures that stem from the origin of the meanings of meanings organized by the Qur’an, and the proportionality in them took part of the study of the scholars for him and the description of his pictures and meanings, and they are presented in the most effective and characteristic, arranged in a very accurate and appropriate description of the meaning of the general text in each Its levels.

The study is an exploration of the knowledge considered by the meaning of the definite article “ال”. Such knowledge includes: the indication of the indefinite to the definite, the effect of the definite article “ال” in the grammatical connection and the effect of the Quranic reading on the meaning of the definite article “ال”. Besides the study explores the researches which give prominence to the definite article “ال” in the field of Quranic meaning. It sets a course from which the interpreters derive Quranic meanings which reveals the intellectual vision of the interpreters and their ability to deduce and use knowledge to connect the phenomenon of the definite article “ال” with Quranic studies.

The other is a key to access the gate of cultural criticism through its positivity or negativity around egoism, as they together constitute a multi-cultural pattern that differs according to producer who would be affected by such variable factors whether personal, social and their effect on the creative text and the ways of its analysis according to the cultural criticism and its variable tools. The cultural critic must focus on the tools of mental and intellectual knowledge implied in his/her conscious and unconscious mind, aiming to reveal the content of the creative text such as the cultural patterns that differ according to the environment, age and society. The cultural criticism is a cognitive and intellectual activity that takes culture and its elements and tools as devices to analyze texts and derive their overt and covert cultural essence.

This research shows the textual cohesion in the verses of supplication in the Holy Qur’an through the means of referral, which is the most prominent means of grammatical consistency in analyzing the text and standing on its coherence. Referral, and then mention the most prominent results.

Arabic language may be the language of briefness and abbreviation, so the introduction and delay has a new meaning without adding new words such as manifestation, care and attention It is evident that the nominal sentence in the language may not include the meaning of time, which describes the assigned to him as the assignee may not refer to an event or to time. So we wanted to add a time element to the meaning of this sentence and we came with the tools transferred from the acts copier and we introduced it to the nominal sentence and becomes the description assigned to it by the assignee and the copiers may copying the ruling of the subject and predicate when the Basrien have changed the ruling of the news only when the Kufians. They add to the sentence the meaning of time and may change the rank in the copies of the introduction and delay and some grammarians pointed out the importance of the change of rank and its role in the meaning and the interest of the old sculptors as well.

Undoubtedly, the geographical characteristics, the ethnic diversity of the Sudanese people, and the great social class inequality left its direct impact on the orientations of Sudanese foreign policy. Also, the succession of Sudanese regimes, whose ideological orientations and nature in governance and administration vary between civil, democratic, pluralistic, and totalitarian military, increased the phenomenon of political instability in Sudan.
The matter that made the process of making an independent external political decision very difficult in light of the country’s need for regional and international aid and assistance, especially since Sudan’s foreign orientations are greatly affected by what is happening to its nine Arab and African neighbors, because it shares with them inherited border problems, as well as political, racial, and ethnic problems. Thus, the Sudanese foreign political decision-maker must deal with high political and diplomatic realism when taking any external decision regarding his country to be compatible with the common interests of the countries of the region.

This study deals with the Ottoman-Venetian relations that originated in the second half of the fourteenth century, when the two sides signed a trade treaty in 1368, but these relations did not continue in this way. On the one hand, Venice had many commercial colonies and controlled the main trade routes between Europe. These interests were on the path of Ottoman military expansion, which brought the two sides into conflict throughout the 15th century. This began with the naval battle that broke out between the two sides in 1416, followed by the intervention of the Venetians to save Constantinople from the Ottoman expansion, and then enter the parties with two wars. During the second half of the 15th century, however, Venice failed to resist the then growing Ottoman expansion .

The historian and geographer and globetrotter Abo AL Hassan Ali bin AL Hussain AL masoudi is one of the most important historian in the ( Fourth century A G/ TEN AD) and one of the most important pioneers at litreture of geographer, as he contributed through his scientific production to provide the historical and geographic library by the value information, escpcially in the history and civilizion of the state and other kingdoms which were longdistance and near to the I slamic Arab nation, and his authoresses vegarded an important source to the mang of historains and researcher, at studying the religions, society and geographg for a lot of the nation and know what had from history and civilization multifariousness of the information is one of the characterized that the writing, of( ALtanbeah wa AL AL shraf) the focus of our reseach, which was regarded scientific encgclopedia that we cant dispensed fromit in the study of the history ingeneral and the country of Rome in particular and the historian ( AL masoudis) presented for us an important geographical perceptions by previewing the extended geographic larea. In this country that has mountains, lake, bays, and roads, and he mentioned the geographical advantages for mange important cities in the country of Rome such as (Constantinpole) and (Roma) and other. AL masoudi presented for in this book perception of the religious situation in the Rome country especially at the beginning of emergence and spread of christianty and the things which associated with differences in beliefs. And also the holding of church conferences .that result fromit appearing different religious groups as well as places of worship religious. Title and ranks in Roman countries. The research includes an introduction three topics and conclusion. In the first topic we talked about Al-mosoudi and his book (Al tanbeah wa Al shraf) .the second topic was devoted the geographical condition in the countries of the Romans in the book (Al tanbeah wa Al shraf). And at the third topic we talked about the religious condition in Rome country in his book (Al tanbeah wa Al shraf)

The subject of research is an integrated membership unit for the pulpits that studied.As it is considered an important crucial aspect in the study of Islamic monuments which did not receive enough attention, and this reflecting how important they are in highlighting traces that have been deliberately removed or they change during the wrong maintenance and that's lost its beauty, as in the case in all of the mosque of "Al_Nabi Jergees" that destroyed by terrorist, and Sheikh Mohamed mosque that part of it were damaged when it happened in its original pulpits, when they removed it and rebuilt it in a different way to what it was. Likewise, the pulpits of the Imam Baher, Al_Jwijati and Baker Effendi mosques, all of them were subjected to change when rebuilt in a wrong way, as the beauty of the pulpit was lost.
The aim of the research was to continue building these pulpits historically, noting that the study depends on the plans and pictures that we have been attached by us, which make the path clear to archaeologists, and allow them to determine the history of these pulpits in relying on scientific facts. For our field visits before they are vandalized and destroyed, to study them and complete its studies of the pulpits previously.

Sibt Ibn Al-Jawzi is considered as one of the men of the intellectual movement in the seventh century AH. He was distinguished by the production of many books in the various fields of knowledge, including historical ones, the most famous is "The Mirror of Time in the Chronicles of Notables", which considered as an important historical encyclopedia in which he transmitted a lot of news about the history of nations and the previous ages, and then he is distinguished in writing history by being a skilled critic historian in transmission, so he doubted, weighed, gave reasons and corrected many narrations, rejecting some narrations that are not accepted by the logic of mind and reality, and put forward some good opinions and additions, accordingly his book became an important rich resource that from which many research historians extracted their historical information .

After the end of the second world war the world including Iraq witnessed great Social economical and Political Changes in addition to the appearances of new characters and Parties that had its role in the modern history of Iraq so it was necessary to know some of the military and Political characters who Played amain role in Leading the Country to the new stage of ideas and directions as well as to determine the Foreign Country Policy to serve the international and national interests . So the character of subhi Abdul Hammed the minister of Foreign affairs in Iraq and an officer in the Iraqi army and his role in organizing the free officers as well as his role in the 14 July Revolution in 1958 and Al-Shwaff movement in 1959 and the two coups of 8 February and 18 of December in 1963 in addition to holding many military positions and his change to practice a different role in his study and ambition to achieve the dream of Arab unity after his position of foreign affairs in the ministry of Haher Yahyu” the first the second one and his role to determine the international Arabic Iraq Policy and to support the Palestinian issue by giving the Finicial and military support to establish Palestinian Liberation organization accordion to the First Arab Summit conference Which took Place in Cairo in 1964 to support the Arabic relationship with neighboring country including Kuwait and Iran and build confidence between them as well as support the international relationship with countries all over the World including soviet union.

The research deals with the study of educational institutions that appeared in Aleppo، which were established by Zengid and Ayyubid princes and sultans، in addition to statesmen and scholars، and the role of these institutions in the development of the scientific life in Aleppo، which was mentioned in the book of Bughyat Attalab for Kamal Addin B. Al-'Adim. From mosques، mosques، and then schools، in addition to the khanqahs، zawiyas، and linkages in the Zangid era، then the Ayyubid.

In this study, the researchers follow the semi-experimental method. Sixty of the first intermediate students have been chosen randomly as the study sample in science class. After Verifying the equivalence in age and inelegancy of the experimental group, the researchers conducted a 30 items Achievement Test. Applying the Achievement Test with the psychosomatic characteristics and retention, the result is the excellence of the experimental group over the control group, and the results show that the experimental group has retention rather than the control group

The current research aims to know the effect of the periodic investigation model on the habits of mind among fifth-grade science-biological students in chemistry , the study sample was chosen intentionally from Al-Azizia Preparatory Boys School, which belongs to the Directorate of Education of Al-Azizia / General Directorate of Education Wasit.The study sample consisted of (80) fifth grade students - Biological Grade for the academic year (2018 - 2019), by (40) students in the experimental group. And (40) in the control group, the two research groups were rewarded using t-test for two independent samples, in the variables (intelligence, academic achievement, mind habits scale), paragraphs of mind habits scale were prepared after reviewing the previous literature and studies and included (16) ) Mental habits, and ensure the sincerity and stability, and then applied the scale researcher after completing the 10-week trial using two independent samples, the research found that the experimental group studied in the survey model was superior to those of the control group who had studied the traditional way of measuring habits of mind. In light of the research findings, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The research was limited to a sample of (400) male and female students from the University of Qadisiyah and Kufa for both sexes (males and females), and specialization (scientific and humanitarian) for the academic year (2019-2020). The standards were applied to them electronically due to the Corona pandemic, and to achieve the research objectives The current researcher adopted the Toronto Alexithymia Scale: TAS-20 for Bagby and his colleagues (Bagby parker & Taylor, 1994). This scale contains (20) items in three areas: (difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, external orientation in thinking ). As for the scale of religiosity, the researcher prepared the scale in light of the Islamic perspective in a preliminary form consisting of (26) paragraphs, and the paragraphs were drafted in the form of reportable statements. For each position there are five alternatives: (completely agree, agree to a large degree, agree with a medium degree, agree with a little degree, disagree. Start). The first alternative gives grade (5), the second alternative is grade (4), the third alternative is grade (3), the fourth alternative is grade (2) and the fifth alternative gives grade (1), and the following results showed
The sample has an average level of alexithymia, and the average scores of the sample members were statistically insignifican, The sample has a high level of religiosity, and the average scores of the sample members on the sc of religiosity were statistically significant. The existence of an inverse correlation between alexithymia and religiosity among university students.

Our current study examines the feasibility of continuing the general examinations system for primary school in particular, taking into account the opinions of the principal actors in the educational work, including teachers, educational supervisors, and primary school administrators, as well as comparing the results of the annual pursuit before the general examinations, and the results of the public examinations for the sixth stage Primary.
The study concluded: There is no agreement to maintain or cancel the general examinations regarding the opinions of teachers, educational supervisors, and school directors, and each team has its own justifications that support its orientation. It is to make the final examination for the primary stage a school examination under the supervision and supervision of the principals of middle schools fed by primary schools and their owners.

The Negative Effect of Bribery on the contemporary Social Status: A Contrastive Study in Islamic Jurisprudence.
The study discusses the concept of bribe in society and its effect on social status the paper consists of an introduction and the four sections.
The first section deals with the concept of bribe linguistically and idiomatically under the umbrella of achieving paperwork in government offices by doing certain works in day to day activities and compelling people to glorify and gratify bribe for the sake of going benefit.
The second section discuss the disadvantages of bribe in holy Quran and Suna supported be evidence. The third section elaborate the impact of bribe on social status.
The fourth section refers to attitude of Imami clerics toward bribe the harm it causes to individual.
Finally, the study ends up with conclusion encapsulating the main point and references.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of a brain-based learning strategy on the achievement of fifth grade pupils in science. The researcher used the experimental design of the two equivalent groups, as the experimental group was studied according to the brain-based learning strategy, and the control group was studied according to the usual method. A student of the control group from Ammar bin Yasser Primary School for Boys, and equivalence between the two groups was conducted in some . researchers identified the scientific material, the number of its units, and its behavioral objectives. It also prepared the teaching plans for the experimental group according to the brain-based learning strategy, and the plans for the control group according to the usual method. And the stability of the test was calculated using the Alpha Crow equation, which reached its coefficient (0.74). The researchers also verified the distinction and difficulty of its .The experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019), and actual teaching for both groups began on (2/21/2019) and took (9) weeks. After completing the experiment, the achievement test was applied to the students of the two groups as well. After collecting data and analyzing them statistically using the t-test for two independent samples (t-test) through the (SPSS) program, the results showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied according to the brain-based learning strategy and the mean The grades of the control group students who studied according to the usual method in the post-achievement test.
In light of the research results, the two researchers recommended a set of recommendations and suggestions

Representational play is one of the important activities that the child practices in his daily life, and that contributes to the formation of the child's personality in all its aspects. It also contributes to the development of the child's thinking and problem solving, the development of his ability to artistic expression, and the development of his communication skills with others. Therefore, pretend play can be used to teach autistic children some communication skills that help them in their daily life.

The current research consists of four chapters. The first chapter concerned with the research problem, which was determined by answering the following question ((What are the aesthetics of the decorative composition of the Arabic letter in the contemporary Arabic edition)), the importance of the research and the need for it, as well as its goal represented by (revealing the aesthetics of the decorative composition of the letter Al-Arabi in the Contemporary Arab Edition). Then defining terms. As for the second chapter, it is composed of two topics, the first: (A historical overview of the origin of Arabic calligraphy and its types). While the second topic deals with (technical and technical characteristics of graphic art) as well as the indicators of the theoretical framework, while the third chapter includes (research procedures), which is the research community, and the research sample consisting of (4) models chosen intentionally (selectively). The researchers followed the descriptive and analytical approach in analyzing the samples. The fourth chapter included (the results of the research, their discussion, conclusions, recommendations and proposals), and among the most important findings of the research are: 1- Experimentation played a major role in achieving stylistic diversity in Iraqi and Egyptian artistic printing works that were affected by factors of specificity stemming from the nature of life and the circumstances of each country. Therefore, most of the artists presented works with experimental formulations that follow everything new and developed in the field of art, life and technology.
As for the conclusions, the most important of which are:
1- The work of the graphic artist is keen to benefit from historically rich forms and employ them in the context of his pursuit of artistic and cultural transition and diversity with a contemporary vision, as it is within the limits of his selection of those traditional symbols and crafts that are primarily formal, but his themes, formulations and treatments are what give the shapes their new connotations, which allow For his works to remain within the circle of link between heritage and modernity together.

The artist discussed the Sumerian costume, the rhetoric of various significance, towards specific concepts, searching for the concept of immortality. We tried to look again and continue to look at the study of ideology again, continue to work and continue to work on the ground.
That (the ideological endoscopy of the structure of the Sumerian costume). The second was theoretical and included research in the research (ideological theorizing of Sumerian art), (the common structure of Sumerian art), (Sumerian costume), and the third chapter included the applied research according to the descriptive analytical method. The fourth chapter included the following axes: results, production, and descriptions that link them researcher. One of its most important conclusions, and the indication of the fish, and its indicative images such as the net, the scale, the movable, the snail, and others on the whole of the Sumerian civilization, especially the uniforms to calculate their ideological theories looking for life in a form that generated a large production.

The musical influence is an important element in the process of receiving because of its implications. It is an important element that reveals the general atmosphere and in a semantic, aesthetic and indicative center that supports the presentation. The first chapter included (the theoretical framework) and included the research problem represented by the following question (Where do the aesthetics of the musical influence lie in the presentation and what is its significance? The aesthetic in the Iraqi theatrical performance), and the importance of the research included shedding light on the musical influence as an aesthetic sign that has various connotations in the theatrical performance system. The aim of the research is to identify the musical influence in the Iraqi theatrical performance and the mechanisms of its operation as an aesthetic sign that contributes to the taste of the show and its interpretation. The research was concluded with definitions, and the second chapter included two topics, the first section included musical influences as an aesthetic mediator, while the second topic included the musical influence as a psychological aesthetic mediator.
The second chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework.
The third chapter is devoted (research procedures) and the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework as a tool for analysis within a descriptive (analytical) approach and scenes of performances and photographs to come to the analysis of the presentation (Remember, O Body) directed by (Mohamed Muayyad) in (2010).
And in an intentional way for reasons justified by the researcher to keep pace with the investigations and to achieve the objectives of the research and solve a problem. The fourth chapter concluded a number of results, the most important of which are:
1- The musical influencer turns into a sign that transmits its code through kinetic performance
2- The musical influence turns into a signal system that reduces language
Then conclude with a summary of the search words.

The signs and starting points of the Islamic experience in its artistic and aesthetic side have opened pivotal horizons in the processes of diversity and semantic openness, which balances within its structural requirements between the contemplative view of the Muslim artist with ideological extensions in its intellectual and sentimental side, in contrast to the intimidating motives that the concepts of the Islamic legislator spread in their insistence on transcending the manifestation Next to it, the simulated and identical to the manifestations of spiritual existence for fear of conforming to the possibilities of duty, and the first reason in ability, will and creation. The physical verifier within the models of existence, which prompted the inference to the nature of the aesthetic and doctrinal thought that these artistic products carry, especially the decorative ones represented by muqarnas, and the attempt to decipher them and their semantic codes by their readers and recipients through a system of interpretations immanent to their sentimental and doctrinal context .

The purpose of the research is for the purpose of studying the relationship of civil society to the process of building the Iraqi state after 2003 and the extent of its effectiveness and contribution to this important and basic process, especially since the nature of life today has changed and become complex at all levels, which requires the involvement and harnessing of all the energies of society in order to advance social policies In order to face those challenges resulting from this change, which requires the intervention of non-official actors as a key partner in developing perceptions about the content of those policies that must be taken, and from those parties are civil society organizations that today have become a side and assistant to the state-building process The study aims to employ the concept of empowerment and root it in the management of civil society and its societal activities and its impact on the process of building the Iraqi state in a sound manner, by providing a public space for the operations and activities that it performs within the community. And the environment, as well as his need to govern himself in a way that allows his organizations to increase their effectiveness in the future

Preserving identity has become the challenge most posed in the era of open skies, which is crowded with satellites that carry hundreds of TV channels from all over the world, with its different effects that shape the thought and conscience of young people alike. The sense of danger requires a search for identity and belonging so that we do not face conflict The researcher found that cultural programs have a presence on Arab satellite channels that is less than the spread of other types of programs despite their role in shaping belonging to the homeland and pride in national identity. The research problem is manifested in the following main questions (what is the exposure of university youth to cultural programs in Arab satellite channels?) and branching It has a number of sub-questions, and the importance of the research comes. Since belonging to the homeland is a necessity in building the personality of each individual, it is necessary to confirm the role of the media in facing the negative effects that can lead to weak belonging among members of society. The aim of the research is to identify the extent to which university youth are exposed to cultural programs and to identify the reasons behind the follow-up of young people to cultural programs and present the proposed vision to activate the educational role of the media in managing National affiliation in light of societal changes
The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the current study. Where it does not stop at the abstract description of the phenomenon to be studied, but extends to a set of research procedures that are integrated to describe the phenomenon and interpret the information and analyze it to extract its significance and reach meaningful results or indications that are useful in achieving the objectives of the study. The current research community included male and female graduate students for the academic year (- 2019-2020) at the University of Baghdad. As for a sample, the researcher chose an intentional sample from the research community, as (102) male and female students of both sexes were selected, specifically from the master’s and doctoral students in the faculties of media - political science and languages - as they are more mature, aware and familiar with the information that enables them to answer the questions of the research form better than students of other levels. The research reached a number of results, including:
1. - The majority of Iraqi university students are followers of cultural programs in both Iraqi and Arab satellite channels, but the Iraqi channels came first, including Dijla channel 44.12% of the respondents
2. - The cultural programs in the Arab and Iraqi channels that the cultural programs can reflect reality in their content and by 58.82% of the answers of university students
3- The advantage of cultural programs in Arab and Iraqi channels is the quality of guests (41.18%) in addition to the courage to present, with a percentage of 31.37.

The subject of racial discrimination appears on the surface of events from time to time . Where we hear stories that reflect the extent of intolerance and extremism of a certain community against another . Since the United Nations is concerned with dealing such issues . So it has enacted , issued many international laws, charters, covenants and declarations for the purpose of setting governments , peoples before of reality of seriousness of the crime of discrimination and helping them in how to reduce it . So the researcher decided to study this topic ( Racial Discrimination) through this international organization . Where she chose one of her electronic accounts (Twitter) to follow, explore and study the extent and degree of importance of this topic through her tweets on Twitter . Where the researcher raised her research problem about the most important of communication methods were used by the organization to deal with racial discrimination issues on her Twitter account. The researcher used the analytical survey method and the content analysis tool . She prepared a form consisting of six methods to analyze the organization’s posts (tweets) for a period of two months by use monthly comprehensive confining method for months August and September in 2019 . She has reached conclusions , the most important of which is the organization’s interest in the issue of racial discrimination . Where its number outperformed the rest of the topics . Through these results , the researcher concluded that the role of the organization remains a mere as observer role because it does not have the tools to intervene to stop this crime .

The job of the mass communication has appears strikingly as one of the basic tools of the foreign policy of countries. Countries have used the media in order to increase their international standing and their immediate trends in line with the policy of the state, institution or satellite channel. In the midst of the quick duplicate of satellite channels and the spreading out of audio-visual media in light of the changes that the world is witnessing, especially the geopolitics, which the greater division of researchers and thinkers recognized to the Fourth Authorization , and the new media and its technologies and means, especially what the Arab reality is witnessing under the umbrella of the so-called Arab Spring, and within. The obstruction of this study is to investigate the principles of the Iraqi academic elite in exposure to foreign news satellite channels speaking Arabic, and according to the previous, the research problem we are dealing with dishonesty in answering the questions that midpoint in the region of what are the standards of the Iraqi academic elite in exposure to foreign news satellite channels speaking the language Arabic .The materialization of new indicators in grounding for the configuration of a new world politically and geographically. The main countries began to concentrate on the Arab district, and I realized that the best way to swap over conversation between them and the peoples of these countries is the Arabic-speaking foreign satellite channels, and that the world, as (McLuhan) said, has become one rural community. You hear all their news and do not hide from them.

The research aims at the effect of climate changes on the thermal requirements of selected crops (field, vegetables and fruits) in Wasit and Maysan governorates to show the impact of global climate changes. The impact of these changes on the selected agricultural crops They have been studied. Climate change affects various vital sectors, including agriculture, which have been highlighted in this research. The data were based on two climate stations (Al-Hay, Amarah) and five small climatic cycles (1960-2014). The research concluded with a number of conclusions, the most important of which are
The general trend coefficient of temperature (normal and large and monthly) and annual tend to rise positively in the two study stations (neighborhood, architecture), which was studied. Changes in plant production were positive and negative changes resulted in an increase or decrease in cultivated area and the number of trees and the yield and quantity of production of selected agricultural crops.

The research studies the demographic reality in Wasit Governorate in terms of size, growth, and distribution in the period (1997-2020) to reveal the nature of high population growth rates that indicate an ever-increasing population size and the demographic distribution between administrative units and between urban and rural areas and the impact of this on unemployment and development plans. It was found that the population of Wasit Governorate reached (1452007) in 2020 after it was (783614) in 1997 with a growth rate of (3.1%), and the population is clearly concentrated in Al Kut district, and unemployment rates among the population reached (10.8) In 2016, the local government did not succeed in covering the deficit in most community services, as it was found that the deficit in primary schools reached (495) schools, but on the health side, the governorate needs (80) health centers.

Interested in this study to reference efforts of Ibn Sina in the field of philosophical literature. He linked literature to philosophy, and he is without a doubt adopted the literary style as a means of presenting aspects of his philosophical ideas in various philosophical subjects of metaphysica, and knowledge and the nature, and Ethics, and politics, and mysticism, furthermore, signal to his position on sharia. He presented three stories, they vary in size and in the quantity of symbolism pictures, and in demo mode too. He made (Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan, Alteer, Salaman and Absal). Hayy Ibn Yaqdhans story was deeply rooted in symbols and signs and difficult words .and then the birds messge (Resalt Alteer) which at the beginning less complicated, and then it goes back to the same complicated style in Hayy's story. The story of Salaman and Absal, although asymbolic story, but its style is less complicated than its predecessors. And these stories, though short size, but the analysis of complexity, if requires a double effort, knowledge, and knowledge of Avicenna's philosophy. The analysis of symbols may not be true if he does not agree with his philosophy that his ideas are display in his other compositions. Accordingly, the scholar of philosophical literature at Ibn Sina is obliged to see his other works, and this is what I did, wishing that I had succeeded even a little in presenting the ideas of a great philosopher like Avicenna.

He raised in my mind the idea of this research, those great phrases that Seneca wrote from his exile to his mother (Philadelphia), as condolences to her for his separation, and how despite the pain he suffers from the pain of separation, he awakens her motivation and advises her with patience, adaptation of memories, and insistence on Study and learning, shielding philosophy and its means against the emotion of sadness, and transforming causes of misery into causes of happiness. Reminding her of the good things that nature and divine providence granted her, and he gives her an example of how he transformed the exile into a station for philosophical contemplation and consideration, it is a message from a philosopher; This means that it is not a message addressed only to his mother; Rather, to all mankind, a message from a philosopher who used to see the whole earth as his home and see himself as a citizen of the whole world. So, life was just as Seneca embodied it; A continuous therapeutic process, created by mental exercises to wean the mind from its crude confiscations, and the works of this philosopher describe the process of healing through which the reader can achieve virtue, and Seneca often involves the reader in this process ....

The (Al-Dahar) occurrence is one of the most prominent features of Yemeni Wisdom's School, which represents the high evolution of intellectual and philosophical, as the philosopher Damad reached the top with this concept, and it is also an origin to beyond, it's lead to first signals by Shirazi's school of the top wisdom. Al-Damad has expanded the rules from which the philosophical detective. After were limited to the rational dimension, he opened the circle to include the novelist dimension of the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and this is what distinguishes this school from Mashaaia's school according to curriculum.
The important thing here is what is the permanent (Al-dahri) occurrence, and how it is; Although there are important texts in explaining and defending the theory of (Aldahri) occurrence, as will come. In addition to the texts of Al-Damad, however, it is usually used to understand what Sheikh Hadi Al-Sabzwari (d. 1272 AH) presented from an understanding of the theory, which is an understanding in which there are many gaps that must be overcome, and this is what the research aims at.

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers be upon our master Muhammad, the Trustworthy, and upon the God of the honorable and righteous people from whom God removed impurity and purified them with a purification, and upon his honorable companions who were sincere to God and made them among His righteous servants. Contemporary thought and all the permanent elements of the production process may be produced and consumed by various types of institutions, flags, centers, circles, houses of people, demolishing education, reading books, magazines, pamphlets, newspapers, or misleading data, watching television and the Internet, which includes delusion and corruption. Its sources and other methods that oppose and mislead Islam, whether it is a production that is used with material support or moral support for its use and that is supportive of infidelity and misguidance. And the hostile people of the currents hostile to the Islamic religion to distort the teachings of Islam and the natural instinct Moral and questioning Islamic beliefs.

The current research aims to identify the degree of professional ambition and guidance services for educational counselors, as well as to uncover a relationship between professional ambition and educational counseling services for the educational counselors. The current research has identified educational counselors for both genders in intermediate Preparatory, and secondary schools in Wasit and Dhi Qar governorate for the academic year (2020-2021). The current research community consisted of (917) male and female mentors, and the statistical analysis sample reached (200) mentors, and the researcher built a scale for professional ambition and adopted the (Al Mamouri, 2018) scale for extension services. The data were analyzed statistically using the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results showed the following:
1.The educational counselors in Wasit and Dhi Qar governorate have a decline in achieving their professional ambition.
2.The educational counselors in Wasit and Dhi Qar governorate have a weakness in providing guidance services in their correct and effective form.
3.There is a direct correlation between the degrees of the two variables for professional aspiration and the counseling services of the educational counselors in Wasit and Dhi Qar governorates. The researcher has put together a set of recommendations and proposals based on the results of the current research.

The current research aims to identify:
1 The degree of spiritual intelligence among university students.
2 Statistically significant differences in spiritual intelligence according to the sex variables (male, female) and specialization (scientific, human).
The current research sample included (400) male and female students of the university from the first and fourth stages of the academic year (2020/2021).
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the relational descriptive research methodology, and the researcher also constructed a scale (spiritual intelligence) after reviewing a number of literature and previous studies consisting of (50) paragraphs. Stability was verified by: Fakronbach, with values of stability (0.84) . The researcher applied the scale with the help of his colleagues electronically to the research sample and after collecting the results and treating them statistically. The study reached a number of recommendations and proposals.

Since ancient times, the people have tended to pay attention to precious stones, they have worked to collecting and retaining them because these stones have a beautiful and natural properties , for this reasons, the artists and craftsmen have made different and beautiful geometric shapes including the rings, bracelets, necklaces and the most important gemstones are the diamond, sapphire, pearl, emerald, turquoise, coral, agate and there are many more. These precious stones have been mentioned in Saeb Tabriz`s Diwan where his Diwan contains many names of these gemstones. Its mentioned in this research a brief description of the Saeb`s life with the important meaning of the gemstones also it mentioned examples of his own poems about these stones.

The participle subject is a branching and difficult topic in German grammar. This appears because the adjective is closely related and intertwined with other parts of speech and parts of sentences, and in many cases it is difficult to distinguish between them. This paper consists of two parts or two chapters: the subject of the adjective and how to deal with it in the grammar of the German language: what is a participle and what are the different forms for it, how is it used, which word categories are represented and which elements of the sentence can be an adjective. All of these questions will be explained as much as possible in the course of the work, along with similarities and ambiguities in identifying the epithet. As for the adjective in the Arabic language, we will try in this part to find out whether the adjective has different forms as in the German language. Does it have the same effect on the elements of the sentence. Is it affected in the same way as in the German language. Is it possible to distinguish it from the rest of the elements of the sentence or does it overla with her . Is there a similarity or difference in this matter between the two languages.

Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die mündliche Kompetenz bei Germanisten der Sprachenfakultät in Bagdad zu untersuchen und didaktische Maßnahmen in Form von Lernsoftware für die Komoetenzverbesserung zu entwickeln. Nachdem ich Defizite bei den Studierenden in der Sprechfertigkeit über eine Befragung festgestellt hatte, entschied ich mich im Folgenden, diese Defizite durch den Einsatz von kommunikationspädagogischer Software zu kompensieren.
Um diese Arbeit zu legitimieren, führte ich eine Befragung von 54 Studierenden im dritten und vierten Studienjahr durch, um ihr Sprachniveau in der Sprechfertigkeit herauszufinden und eine Antwort auf meine Frage zu erhalten, ob die für vier Studienjahre angestrebte mündliche Sprachfähigkeit sich mit ihrer tatsächlichen Sprechfähigkeit deckt. Aus ihren Antworten auf die Fragen, die über Google Classroom an sie gerichtet wurden, ging hervor, dass sie tatsächlich Probleme im mündlichen Verstehen und Sprechen haben. Nach einer Analyse der didaktischen Anforderungen und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Sprechfertigkeiten der Studierenden habe ich Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung dieser Fähigkeiten entworfen, beschrieben und deren didaktischen Wert begründet.

The study shows how war can create a dystopian reality worse than the reality depicted in the dystopian stories. War creates a circular or enclosed world that has no exit where people cannot see the end of the tunnel. The study discusses two short stories; one is for the Iraqi writer Hassan Blasim entitled "Crosswords" and the other for the American writer Ambrose Bierce entitled "Chickamauga". These two short stories fit one of the categories of dystopian fiction where society witnesses the effects of war and civilians and soldiers become the victims. Though the two stories do not adhere to the futuristic perspective of dystopian fiction, they could express the thought of their writers' that what is going on in the society though it is real, it is at the same time so strange and horrible, dystopian.

The present paper approaches the topic of the current study eclectically by adopting critical discourse analysis(CDA), systemic functional linguistics(SFL) and corpus linguistics to show how the present crisis of coronavirus(covid19) is presented in the Arab media, a report in Al-Jazeera as a case study. Through the application of CDA and SFL, the researcher would be able to figure out the ideology and attitudes adopted by this TV channel .

Mainly, the concern of the study is to illustrate what types of verb processes are utilized in the report in order to give an account of the way the novel corona pandemic as a participant is introduced and described and what roles are assigned to it.

After carrying out an analysis , it is concluded that to reflect the influential and powerful effect that the disease brought about, the writer of the report opted for investing the frequent use of the type of material process verbs to demonstrate actions and events in which Coronavirus is the major actor or agent. Besides, the report`s discourse structures are intentionally selected not to convey the writer`s sentimental attitudes but to inform and emotionally involve the reader in the text interactions .