Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

Abstract :-
The aim of the research is to identify the effect of teaching according to the smart thinking in the multiple intelligences of fourth-grade pre paratory school students in biology
in order to ensure that this goal is achieved, the following null hypothesis must be ascertained: -
• There is no statistically significant difference at a level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the control group that was studied in the usual way and the experimental group that was studied according to the subtle thinking in the multiple intelligences scale in relation to visual intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence and natural intelligence
The two researchers chose the experimental design for the two research groups (experimental and control) with partial control for the experimental and control groups with a post-test for multiple intelligences.
The research was limited to fourth-grade scientific students of Baghdad College High School. The two research groups were chosen by random assignment of (67) students. The number of students of the experimental group was (34) students and the control group (33) students.
The students of the two research groups were rewarded with these variables (students ’chronological age in months, their previous academic achievement, previous biological information, intelligence, and multiple intelligences scale) and the researcher taught the two research groups on their own
The statistical results in which the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used showed the following: -
There was a statistically significant difference at a level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group in both visual, motor and natural intelligence.
The researcher recommended the use of teaching according to smart thinking in teaching biology for all stages and suggested doing other studies on dependent variables other than multiple intelligences

stract
This study examines an important aspect of the life of the Umayyad caliphs, which is concerned with showing the effect of Adoring on their policy and the nature of their attitudes towards the peopk affected by it.
According to the requirements of the study, the research included several axes: the first specialized in explaining what is Adoring and the reasons leading to its occurrence, the second dealt with the consequences of Adoring and its treatment methods, the third undertook to study the effect of Adoring in the policy of the Umayyad caliphs towards others, the fourth was determined to study the policy of the caliphs toward lovers, BY studying those axes It became clear to us that the caliphs are the same as others who fell in love and affected them and their policy towards others positively and negatively, and in line with the situation they lived in, they were keen to facilitate the affairs of lovers and achieve their legitimate aspirations.

Abstract
Arabs used verbs in their different morphological forms, each in its semantic function agreed upon by the native speakers, whether in that verbs that are free of addition or verbs with additional letters that the grammarians agreed upon, after knowing and extracting them from the words of the native Arab speakers. The increase of these letters in such verbs was attributed to getting various meanings, which cannot be brought up in their communication unless using morphological forms. Among these forms is the morphological form of (istafa’al) (use), i.e.: Seen, Ta, and Alef al-Wasl.
This morphological formula has different meanings that are determined by the linguistic usage and the contexts in which it is contained. The Holy Qur’an used it with its various meanings and according to what was mentioned in the eloquent Arabic words.
In this paper, the researcher will try to trace the usage of this morphological form of (istafa’al) and its meanings mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, by tracing the meanings of this formula among grammarians and eloquent Arabic speech, and then matching it with what came from it in the context of the holy Quranic verses.

Qater is a model for a small country in size ,area ,and population , but it is the country that has economic potential and an important geostrategic location ,so it has tried to find a place for it in the Gulf , regional and international political system and to get out of the pot of Saudi domination over it, and to pursue its own foreign policy based on resolving its conflicts with its neighboring Gulf states in addition , the political system in the Islamic Republic of Iran is not stirred up , or engaging with it in an ideological struggle in line with the trends of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia or the requirement of the Gulf Cooperation Council
The United state of America could not bypass the role of this country and maintain its relations with Saudi Arabia , the latter's promise is responsible for the small Gulf States, and to make this country in control of the foreign policies of these countries ,including Qatar.

the United Nations in Return the Displaced in Iraq - Restoring Stability and Sustainable Solutions –
Abstract
Iraq came into a dangerous juncture, which is the ISIS control of several governorates in mid-2014, and then the start of liberation operations by the Iraqi government after the restoration of control and the initiation of the initiative, which caused continuous waves of internal displacement to safer areas. The United Nations statistics has estimated the numbers of the displaced. Internally, there are more than (3) million displaced, and these numbers increased with the start of the battles to liberate Mosul and its sub-districts, in addition to the previous waves of displacement, reaching approximately (4) million displaced. This study attempts to suggest some of the policies, programs and solutions adopted by the United Nations in other countries that have suffered from the same problem, which can be adopted in Iraq as well to return the displaced to their areas from which they were forced to leave.
Keywords: The United Nations, Iraq, return of the displaced, substantial solutions, stability.

Abstract
In light of the cultural and ideological development, poetry has come to carry within its folds culture and knowledge, so it went along two parallel lines, namely the epistemological and the aesthetic, The latter prevailed over the first, until the styles of poetry changed according to the spirit of the era in which the culture spread, became an arena for public taste, so it began to prose some of it to carry a destiny A large number of ideas, concepts, and even theoretical propositions, including the poetry of Adonis, who made him oscillate between a poetic balance and a prose poem while carrying his speeches, establishing a theory of Arabic poetry with his poetry and his writings, thus he was considered a pioneer of Arab modernity.
the study was interested in the epistemological speeches of the poet, which he distributed in his poetry in various formats, namely: the mythological pattern, the mystical pattern, the existential pattern, and the metaphysical system. Expressing through it a of acquired ideas, some of which are innate, especially his proposals for transformation and renewal, as well as some philosophical propositions he acquired from Arab and Western philosophers, some of which are purely inspired by his ideas. This established for us the seriousness of poetry in carrying the flavor of thought and beauty at the same time

Extract :
The goal of the current research is to know the trends of graduate students towards the quality of e-learning from their point of view and for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research, the researcher chose intentionally graduate students in the Faculty of Basic Education / Diyala University for Departments (Sports Education, History, Arabic) and the number of (45) students and students, The researcher adopted the descriptive method and promised the questionnaire a two-part measurement tool that includes the first part of the general information of the study members represented by their personal and functional variables such as (gender, scientific qualification, academic specialization) and the second part of the questionnaire included five main and sub-areas. In light of the nature of the research and the objectives it seeks to achieve, each paragraph is met with an answer following a five-degree scale (5-degree Likert scale) :(a. To process the data statistically to extract the arithmetic average and the standard deviation and contrast of all paragraphs and used the researcher (equation alpha conbach) to find stability which amounted to (0.85) this is a reassuring indicator of the stability of the tool, as well as the weight weight and percentage weight, while the fourth chapter was addressed to present the findings of the researcher and analyzed and discussed in order to achieve the goal of the study as well as the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract
Praise be to God Alone, and blessings and peace be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, either after…..
The Holy Qur'an represents one of the most reliable and highest ranks of the linguistic and grammatical citation as a whole. As it is the word of God Almighty that the falsehood does not come to his hands or from behind him, that is why many grammarians – in the past and present- used to cite verses from the Holy Qur'an to prove the grammatical rules.
The Arabic language has gained a sublime virtue, which that the noble Qur'an revealed in its language, and no language shared this virtue with it. The Noble Qur'an is that book revealed by the Lord of the Worlds whose texts have not changed over time and ages. Therefore, linguists make it in the first place among the sources that are invoked, and this is not far from Abu Al-Abbas Muhammed Bin Yazid Al-Mubarad (285 A.H.) who worked exclusively on preserving the language of the the Noble Qur'an from melody by fortifying it through strictness in accepting the Qur'anic readings and carrying the Qur'anic aspects to the highest linguistic school of thought on the part of eloquence.
stage in the course of Arabic grammar. Through the study of the Modernists, it became clear that the Qur'anic witness of Al-Mubarad stood at the forefront of the linguistic evidence in the field of inference and deduction of the grammatical rules compared to other sources of citation. As for the Qur'anic, Al-Mubarad had adhered to the grammatical principles, especially the grammatical analogy. So, his acceptable readings hadn't been away from these principles.
Key words: Al-Mubarad, the Qur'anic witness, readings, acceptable readings, readings weighting, readings reply.

Abstract
The research aims to know the nature and reality of the work of the prosthetic limb industry in Baghdad governorate through knowledge of the production components, I.e., labor, capital, energy sources, value of various production and their distribution to some districts of Baghdad governorate, and knowing their spatial variation and the amount of suitability provided by this industry to the consumers. In current study the descriptive and analytical approach was implemented, as well as using SPSS software and geographic information systems (GIS) technique , in which all the variables and data related to the artificial limb industry were tested. Data was collected from the field surveying of prosthetic limb production centers in each district of Baghdad governorate. The important results indicate that, the Karkh district was come the first one by the number of workers in the artificial limb manufacturing sector with (569) doctors, (15) engineers, (117) administrative and (130) technician laber, (106) technicians, and (114) service labors. Regarding the value of the capital, the districts of Karkh and Kadhimiya were comes first in the rising of the value of fixed and changed capital, with (22000) per million in fixed capital for both districts and (500) / million in changed capital for Karkh district. While Karkh districts come the first in consuming energy resources with (150000) / liter of gas oil and (1100000)/ thousand ampere of the electric power. Whereas, in production; Rusafa district was distinguished by the production (1460) of lower legs, (280) of upper legs, (950) of steel supports, (1430) of crutch stands, and (2500) of repaired materials .The quantitative test of independent, dependent variables, correlation coefficients and regression equation proved that; there is a strong correlation between the factors of industrial endemicity and the manufacture of prosthetic limbs. The results also shows that, any

Abstract:
Col is contributing to the occurrence of warm weather during the winter season in Iraq, as some of the recurrences of col and due to the nature of the piezo systems that compose them, heat rates prevail higher than the usual rates, and this causes warm climates. The frequency of the phenomenon of col increases over the atmosphere of iraq in winter due to its exposure to the influence of different types of pressure systems during this season, this occurs when atmospheric pressure systems (the extension of atmospheric heights and depressions) continue to control the weather and climatic conditions.

Abstract
Features of social thought in the literature of ancient Iraq
The study deals with the features of social thought contained in the literature of ancient Iraq by tracing that thought to form a general picture down to the core of social thought in ancient Iraq.
The study focused on showing the general pattern of social thought by tracing that thought in terms of style, pattern and reflection of the ancient Iraqi human social orientations, and how it deals with the concepts of decent living and social peace, and how it faced conflict and social disintegration. With a high amount of research technology, we can define the features of social thought through other concepts that reflected an intellectual interest in issues of great importance to the human being, represented by freedom and social and judicial justice that gave primacy to the ancient Iraqis in raising issues that still preoccupy researchers in the social affairs of humankind.
Key words: thought, ancient Iraqi literature, society, social justice, judicial justice, social peace.

Abstract
In light of Chaos, the members of societies’ general feeling of the system’s importance often increases because they believe that they will lose all forms of security and safety if it does not exist. That is why they attribute such a high value to it, and the fear of the system’s absence makes it inevitable for it to have continuity, for we live in a world full of surprises, rapid changes, confusion, and confusing matters out of control. Thus, there must be measures to confront the chaotic situations and phenomena to ensure survival continuity, and that can only be done by making multiple changes to reach the state of order, especially the social one. The theory of Chaos takes interest in chaotic change which is supposed to end in a state of order and vice versa. This is an obsession for every ruling authority, be it global or local, as it threatens its survival. That being said, confronting chaos is now one of the main requirements for preserving societies. This research includes a vision and extrapolation for the theory of Chaos and Order through the changes it has made in the Iraqi society within the framework of the creative chaos strategy applied by the United States of America, and a demonstration for the importance of chaos as a means to achieve order in the context of creating positive changes in the main aspects of society to ensure balance continuity; for this purpose, the research was divided into three sections: The first section includes chaos and order theory, its concept, intellectual significances, and the effects it has on human societies. The second section includes social change, and its concept and importance in controlling chaos. As for the third section, it includes the Iraqi experience in the field of Chaos and social Change. Lastly, the conclusion, which included a reference to the highlights of the research, in addition to identifying the means through which chaos could be controlled, and social changes that maintain security and stability of society could be achieved.

bstract
The Morphological Terminology has influenced at the Hebrew ancestors with the Arabic terminology. The Hebrew linguists used the Arabic Morphological terminology in most of their books that had written in Arabic and Hebrew languages. This paper studies the common Morphological Terminology between Arabic and Hebrew language by relying on the Morphological texts at Ibn Jinah Al-Qurtabi's books as a sample of study. Many terminologies had found in his books (derivation, past tenses, present tenses, finite, infinite, sound verbs and others), which are originally Arabic words. Regarding the mentioned above, the Arabic influence on Hebrew language is clear specially at the Morphological Terminology.
Key words :Arabic Influence, Morphological Terminology, Ibn Jinah Al-Qurtabi, Arabic Morphology, Hebrew Grammar

I tried through this paper to reveal the text grammatical cohesion and display relevant features, discourse style and the secret behind its greatness. This Surah is filled with text cohesion tools and strong conjunction between its structures as if a series of related words, and each structure is rich with these tools. All that required us to divide them into terms starting with referral that is consisted of: pronouns, relative nouns and demonstrative nouns, and all these elements have the influence in parts and structure cohesion in Surah Al-Mulk. The second term is the conjunction that has a varied conjunction tools in Surah Al-Mulk such as the additional conjunction ,and also the prefix particle of purpos, and recognition conjunction. The third term is omission, and we have explained clearly its influence in the text cohesion and text parts conjunction. The important results were mentioned at the conclusion of this paper, and we did a great effort to get a fruitful and valuable research that can serve the language of holy Qur'

Abstract
That tests and measurement in general and physiological tests in particular are playing a prominent role in the development of levels and possibilities of the body of referees if it was used in a way that can detect the reality of what reached the body's internal organs of development that qualify to bear the physical and physiological costs resulting from training and during the refereeing of matches and among the most important Tests for referees in which the two Anaheim systems are responsible for the processing of energy are the fitness test of the referees for 75 m and 40 m in addition to the laboratory tests in which to know the ability of the referees is This test is one of the tests that reveal the physical potential (capacity, capacity) physiological potential. The purpose of the current study is the effect of muscle strength variables produced in the stages of fitness test for the referees of the Premier League football, The researcher determined the research society and they are the referees of the Premier League football and the number of (20) for the season 2017 - 2018 The average length (170 cm) and weights (69 kg). The most important conclusions that the muscle strength produced in the stages of fitness test for the rulers Premier League football A distance of 75 m are low in the final stages of a large and noticeable, and that the ability of muscle produced in the special stages of the rulers of the Premier League football for a distance of 40 m fitness test will be high in the early stages

والدلالات، وهذا ما سيوضحه البحث .
Research Summary
the Term silence is an important terminology in ancient Arabic poetry
this term came in the prelude introductions as mentioned in the spinning hair as well as in praise and in the poetry of wisdom, advice and other purposes was the research a modest attempt to highlight the semantics of silence and rudeness in the ancient Arab poetry.
The research dealt with the term silence in the language and terminology as well as its presence in the Quran and Hadith in the Arabic proverbs. Then, the research dealt with arrival in the ancient Arabic poetry as mentioned in the ignorant poetry was received in the pre-Islamic era and then many of this term in the Umayyad and Abbasid ere and various purposes and indications and this will be clerified research.

The research aims to analyze the impact of climate change in changing the sunflower crop in Wasit province, to show the impact of global climate change and reflected in the change of climatic elements in the study area, and the impact of those changes in the sun flower crop. Climate change this research has been accredited to data for three climatic stations (Baghdad, AL-Hilla, AL-Hay), and three small climatic cycles for the period (1982-2014).
The research showed that there were changes in the climate elements that affected the sunflower crop in Wasit province. The actual solar brightness trends in all the stations studied downwards, and the trend of normal, maximum and minimum temperatures is rising, and that the change in them has a role in climate change, which has an effect. Great in plant life. The research concluded that the changes occurring in the sunflower yield were positive and negative changes.

Research Summary:
This study is based on a careful reading of the poetic text to consider the linguistic texture of the poetry of a group of pioneers of prose poem، namely: (Adonis، Youssef Al-Khal، Ansi Al-Hajj، and Muhammad Al-Maghout); To find out the vitality of using the displacement technique in their poetic texts leading to the understanding and analysis of the text; Considering that the language of these poets is a rebellious and exceptional language، it must be full of many aspects of displacement، which stemmed mainly from the contradictions experienced by the poets.
In order to achieve the objectives of the study، it will depend on the critical analytical approach، which is based in part on the techniques of the structural-semantic approach، which is concerned with studying the structural elements that make up the written literary texts، searching for aesthetics of pronunciation and poetic images، and revealing the linguistic elements that make up its aesthetic. The study will include six axes:
1. Linguistic shift in structure
2. The displacement of the pivot word and its role in linguistic structure
3. The displacement of the adjective word، and its role in linguistic structure
4. Employing unused words
5. The displacement of the word (symbol)، and its role in linguistic structure
6. Using the spoken language and shifting its connotation to the syntax

Abstract
The aim of this research is to know the availability of attention drawing competencies in pupils which is important for teaching staff and knowing the statistically significant concept in these competencies according to sex (Male teacher) or (female teacher). To achieve this, the researcher applied (null hypothesis) that as (there is no statistically significant difference in competencies of attention drawing in pupils from the inspect of teaching staff according to sex (Male teachers or Female teachers) the researcher perform this study by descriptive analytic method. The research samples were (5690) teacher, (2342) were male teachers and (3348) were female teachers. Randomized samples wers (400) teachers, (200) were Male and (200) were female teachers and they count about 7 % from all study samples. The researcher also made a special scale to attention drawing competencies in pupils which contain 20 items and the researcher try to find the face validity and reliability for this scale, which was result (0.85) and this result is good and acceptable. Each item for this scale had 3 options to answer rthegues fions from them (high, medium, low). And these options have been given (3,2,1) respectively. This study has been analyzed by SPSS and one sample T- test and two samples T – test was used. The results assnre that teaching staff has a good and acceptable level of attention drawing competencies for pupils. It also assures that there is statistically significant difference in these competencies according to sex (Male and female teachers) for male teachers. The researcher suggests to do similar study that deals with other factors like school location, educational qualifications (academic certificate) for teaching staff and the service years (experience

Investment is very important in the field of economics in the world, most countries started a very effective interest on investment, that develops different filed in that countries. Iraq is one of that countries, that start to depend on investment as a way for the late reformation in different sectors when the investment law is legislated with No. 13 of 2006 , It is intended to simplify procedures which helps in optimal health , educational, and, agricultural services. An integrated system for investment (such as legislation related to companies, real estate, agricultural lands, and expropriation ...) From this point of view it became necessary to present these challenges and solutions to overcome them.

The study aims to investigate the impact of climate change and its variability on the phenomenon of drought in Wasit Governorate, which was estimated using two SPI RDI drought indicators using the DrinC program, based on the meteorological Organization data for the period (1983-2017) for six climate stations. The Mann Kandel MK test, and the Sen’s slop, to detect changes in climatic elements, drought and they're statistical at a significance level (0.001 - 0.1), and the results of the study showed a trend an increase in the maximum and minimum temperatures, while recording an opposite trend the decrease in the relative humidity and wind speed Rain and evapotranspiration on the annual scale, while the trend of drought witnessed a clear increase, as the highest annual change amounted to (0.377) per decade in Badrah Station, which came in line with the trends of the winter season, while the spring and autumn season recorded a trend towards increasing humidity without statistical significance. By monitoring drought, its percentage was (44%) for all its categories for the studied period. In the last two decades, an increase in the categories of drought (moderate, severe, extreme, and very extreme) has been observed in terms of trend, severity, and duration. The season (2011/2012) was characterized by one of the driest seasons, which was characterized by two ranges of drought, whose values ranged between (-1.56 - -2.43) in Wasit Governorate, and this imposes interest in the sustainable development of water resources, agriculture, and others, and adapting to recent climate changes and fluctuations.

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research and the problem and objectives that are:
- Design and implement special learning modules using web quest strategy and seven-way learning course in complex learning in cognitive achievement and learning some skills in handball and basketball.
- Learn about the impact of using Web Quest and the seven-way learning cycle in complex learning practices and learning some skills in handball and basketball.
- Learn which two research groups are best at cognitive achievement and learn some skills in handball and basketball.
The experimental method was used and the sample was selected carefully and in the style of the lottery and two experimental groups the first use of web quest and the second experimental group seven-way learning course and the application included educational units for cognitive achievement and skills learning and reached the same number between handball and basketball (6 units) for skills and the research reached the most important results: - Web Quest strategy has increased students' cognitive achievement through computerized learning on the second trial group.
- The second trial group, which used the seven-course strategy following complex skills learning exercises (Handball fender- handball defense test - defensive pull ball - defensive basketball moves) presents the first trial group.

The issue of the city of Kandahar from the 1st century AD to 8/14 AD is one of the topics of interest to researchers because the topic was not covered by researchers' pens in researching and scrutinizing its subjects. The city was a center for several religions before Islam and under Islam, and it was a center for opponents of the Abbasid Caliphate on the one hand, and the caliphate’s preoccupation with its internal problems. And the Kandahari community took care to establish religious rites.

Imam Ali “peace be upon him” is the representative of the meanings of leadership and Unfailure as two universal theses, he is the tram]nslator of the human perfection in the presense. As the head of the government , this government should be privileged and different from others along the history of the human beings.
Imam Ali diffrenciater in science and faith as well as the distinguishable personality for the supreme human, and his government will be the best among the universal governments. Imam Ali is “peace be upon him” is the argument over the people that is why his government is in turn argument on the politicians of the world.
Despite all the known about Imam Ali’s intensity and insistence of the ruler’s justice , and there should be a complementary relations between the justice and the reign for the extension of the man’s missions in which the justice is the core, Imam Ali sees that a wild lion attacks all in his front better than unjusitce ruler because he believes the ruler stops the mess and ravishes and by reign we master the society as much as possible . If the mess goes into the society will be like the fire in the ashes and no one can stop it.

The aim of the research is to identify the attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards the training courses provided to raise the educational performance from the teachers ’point of view. The research sample consisted of (286) teachers, 71.5% of the original community, 123 teachers, 43% and (43%). 163) teacher (57%) who study elementary school in the Dhi Qar Governorate Education Directorate - Al-Rifai Education Department and its sub-districts, were chosen by the intentional method, and due to the nature of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and in order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared the trend scale consisting of (20) A paragraph, and the validity and reliability of the scale was verified, and a statistical analysis package (spss) was adopted to extract the results, the results showed:
1. The attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards the training courses provided to raise educational performance from the teachers' point of view came to a moderate degree.
2. The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards the training courses provided to raise educational performance according to the difference of sex in favor of females with an arithmetic mean of (2.34), while the arithmetic mean of males was (2.30).
3. There were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) in the attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards the training courses provided to raise educational performance according to experience, as the value of (F) (0.29) was not statistically significant.
The researcher recommended the following:
- Work to enhance the attitudes of Arabic language teachers towards training lessons in a more effective manner.
- Making an incentive bonus or an effort evaluation book for the teachers who attend training lessons.
- Conducting an annual competition for the ideal teacher in providing an ideal training lesson, in order to help them in continuous giving and create a spirit of competition among them.

Political populism emerged in the nineteenth century, However, the actual interest in it appeared in the twentieth century after the rise of the European currents and political parties that are classified as nationalist and right-wing, Knowing, that populism is not confined to the right, but also to the left, Right-wing populism is defined as a political ideology that combines right-wing politics with rhetoric, Since the Great Depression, the popularity of right-wing European populist movements began to grow, such as the National Rally (formerly the National Front Party) in France, the British Brexit Party and others, This is largely due to the growing opposition to the influx of immigration coming from the Middle East and Africa, the increase in European skepticism and discontent with the European Union's economic policies. This led to an escalation of "backlash" trends in the politics of Western countries. US President Trump's speech in 2016 included right-wing populist themes. His campaign against the ruling establishment, its opposition to illegal immigration, and its opposition to free trade.

The ability of legal stability to obtain double protection to various legal entities by take out the precautions set by law itself; that make it a good utilities – sometime necessary- as a double nature criteria to strict the effectiveness of code about to enact. And that criteria can be base to further re-evaluation of whole legal system to ensure its effectiveness and guarantee of fulfil its goals. In this paper titled (legal stability as a criteria of legal system re-evaluation) we focus on the important of legal stability as a criteria of whole legal re-evaluation as it gave us the reasons and restrictions on that process. We divided this paper to three chapter; the first will be dedicate to the importance of legal stability and its roots presented by legal security, legal certainty and legal balance. In second chapter we discuss the role of legislature in using legal stability to built the state and its power and we conclude the legislature’s failure in adopted that criteria when he built the constitutional institutions and federal system. The third chapter dedicate to the philosophy of legal system re-evaluation in light of legal stability criteria in two sub-chapter; the first will discuss the failure of legal system as a whole while the second will discuss the failure of legal system in execute the legal Codes.

The current research is determined by studying the aesthetics of style in the works of the artist Muhammad Mahr al-Din, consists of four chapters in which the researcher presented the research problem in the first chapter, as the style represented the personal characteristic of the artist that is reflected in his art and through which the same aesthetic product and its motives can be identified, the style is a method or work that the artist performs In his creative field in a distinctive and unique way, he asked questions sachas what are the features of the style that the artist Muhammad Mahruddin relied on and how the styles and techniques of the artist Muhammad Mahruddin varied, Then he reached the goal of the research to reveal the features of style in the works of the artist Muhammad Mahruddin.. Then he moved to the second chapter, which is The theoretical framework of the research and divided it into two sections, the first (Attributes of Style in Art), in which the researcher follows the formative experiences and art schools and shows their peculiarities and their visual system in perceiving and expressing the form and topics since the method is a mental perception to reveal the formal or formative elements of the artistic work to reveal what is behind their formation from A system or pattern is a link between vocabulary and parts, and the second (features of style in Iraqi art) and the researcher follows the artistic experiences that worked to highlight purify the specificity of Lobby in the Iraqi plastic experiences and the enrichment of diversity in them after the third chapter analyzed the works of the artist Muhammad Mahr Al-Daim and traced the diversity of methods and methods of work.. In the fourth chapter the researcher reached the results, including that the style is the artist’s personal way of working and shows an aesthetic condition by choosing and organizing the elements of the artwork and is characterized by a clear group And a variety of features relate to each other, and the style has the possibility of repetition, change and transmission through experience and performance, the formal system, formation, and how to distribute the blocks and vocabulary, and the style is affected by the cultural and social aspect as an expression of individual identity and privacy, the artist Muhammad Mahruddin has reorganized things and topics with a self-vision. Here he presents an expressive system subject to the cultural and social storage that it contains, distinguishing the style in the works of the artist Muhammad Mahruddin through the diversity of methods of work, the multiplicity of materials, and the internal aspect of expressing his vision and his own world, and it presents a case of rejection of reality embodied by an exotic act in the methods of presentation and showing the surfaces, after which the researcher made recommendations And proposals. Keywords: aesthetics, style, technique.

The theory of necessity is a general legal theory that protects its scope from constitutional law to the administrative, civil, criminal, and international public, in addition to that it can only be raised within the scope of the legal state, as it has no place in the police state that does not adhere to the provisions of the law, so we find that the theory of necessity has imposed itself on the life of the state, which is not considered acceptabie or unaccep tabie welcome, but the matter has become a reality that must be studied carefully and in response to this reality. We find that the theory of necessity has found a door in many countries of the world, as its impact extends beyond the limits established by the existing ordinary man-made laws. These countries have organized several applications of this theory according to predetermined rules of the same constitutional laws and texts. For the purpose of introducing a wider field on that theory, it was discussed within two topics. In the first section we dealt with introducing the theory of necessity and its emergence and explaining the justifications for resorting to it in three demands, while in the second topic we dealt with the relationship of the theory of necessity with similar concepts and the application of the theory in the permanent constitution of Iraq issued in within two requirements Independently, we concluded our research with the most important conclusions and proposals that we reached by researching the theory of necessity as an exception that responds to principle

Ways to address the problem of debt procrastination from an Islamic perspective
Enas naji hamad
Imam Alkadhum College / Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences
Key words (procrastination, debt, documentation, credit, debtor)
In this research, I deal with the problem of debt procrastination in terms of stating the concept of procrastination, its problem and its seriousness. I also shed light on the types of debtor procrastinating and the delayed debtor in paying the debts, who is the insolvent debtor, the wealthy, and the bankrupt. The present study also aims at getting to know the concept of each of them linguistically and conventionally , as well as knowing their rulings among the jurists Then , it reaches at stating the ways of addressing the debt procrastination problem from three aspects :
The first aspect includes the doctrinal matters that represent belief in Alluh Almighty and his fear and commitment to his orders and prohibitions, which is self-censorship of the soul . The second aspect includes practical matters which are the invitation to the work and non-extravagance and waste in order to avoid consumption and obtain an abundance of money . It also includes the invitation to the help and support debtors in debt from Zakat funds as well as showing the importance of cooperative and symbiotic insurance . The third aspect includes documentary means (writing, testimony, mortgage and bail) by explaining the concept of each of them and their provisions. Consequently, the study reaches at several results, including:
1. The Islamic religion pay attention to urge the believers to pay off debts in order to create a stable environment that restores rights to their owners, by setting a number of controls, whether ethical or organizational, so that the individual performs his social function without harming the economic and financial aspect of others..
2. The study found that one of the main risks of procrastination is the material losses that individuals and financial institutions are exposed to in the event that debts are not paid on time.
3. The study shows the types of the procrastinating debtor (insolvent - the wealthy - and the bankrupt) through the concept and judgment of the legitimacy of each of them.
4. The study clarified that a Muslim should have self-control, meaning that he places himself a watchdog over him by avoiding sins and avoiding bad deeds, that is, not violating the rights of others.
5. The study also found the most prominent means of protecting debts from defaulting (writing, witnessing, mortgage and bail) with an explanation of the concept, judgment and legitimacy of each of them, by mentioning Quran texts and narrations indicating that.

The goal of the research is to identify the degree of practice of the university professor for his role in stimulating digital citizenship among students from the point of view of students.
The descriptive and analytical approach used, relying on the questionnaire to 120 students randomly from 1409 students of Faculty of basic education, the(SPSS) statistical program was used .
The research found :
1 - The research sample rated the role of the University professor in motivating their digital citizenship by 75%, which indicates that professors often practice it.
2 - no statistically significant differences between the average of the sample members estimates to the degrss to which the university professor exercises his role in stimulating digital citizenship among students attributed to each variable : Sex( Female - Male), specialization (scientific – humanist).
Recommendation :
1-Preparing the necessary training programs to qualify, refine and train the skills of teachers in general, and university professors in particular to be fully understand the digital citizenship and its values and ways to promote them among students.
2. the Ministry of education takes into account the concepts of digital citizenship when designing curricula in general, and digital citizenship curricula in particular.