Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

1

Effect of Volatile oil extracted from Citrus grandis yellow peel on growth of some food borne microorganisms

B. Z.Ali, E. AL-Qaissi, E. H. Mohammed

Pages: 1-7

Abstract

The study is conducted to investigate the effect of volatile oil extracted from the yellow
peel of C. grandis fruits (Sindi) on growth of three bacterial sp ecies isolated from food
samples , as well as A. flavus , and to check the possibility of using the volatile oils of this
plant as a food preservative .
Results showed a variation in the sensitivity of the bacterial isolates against the volatile oil
which showed inhibitory effect on the growth of S. enteritidis and S. aureus with the
increasing concentration of the volatile oils used in this studys , MIC for both bacteria was
(0.12 , 1)% (v:v) respectively. Whereas , P. aeruginosa showed complete resistance to all
treating concentrations used . Results of treating sp ore suspension of A. flavus with different
concentrations of volatile oil showed also complete inhibition of germination at
concentrations (0.12 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 1)%. Whereas lower concentrations (0.03 , 0.06)% delayed
sp ore germination for (11) and (17) hrs after incubation respectively compared to the control
treatment in which sp ores germination was within (6) hrs after incubation .
Different concentrations of the volatile oil also affected the radial growth rate of A. flavus
was colonies with the increasing concentrations . A complete inhibition of growth occurred at
concentrations (0.12 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 1)% , Whereas lower concentrations showed a reduction of
colony diameters with the increasing concentrations .

2

Effects of Rustamiyah treatment plant effluent on concentration of some heavy metals in water and sediment of Diyala river

S.A.Musa

Pages: 1-8

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Abstract

Concentrations of four heavy metals, Zinc , Copper , Lead and Cadimium were
determed in water and sediment samples collected bi-weekly from six sampling sites
on the lower part of River Diyala during low flow period (August to October) and
high flow period (Ap ril to June). A reference point site (1) was situated upstream the
effects of the effluent. Present work describes the effect of Rustamiya waste water
treatment plant on heavy metals in water and sediment of River Diyala.
The results indicated that heavy metals level were higher in low flow period of water
compared with high flow period.Pb concentration was high in treatment effluent site
compared with mixing zone and reference point. Cd level in low flow period in water
was high and affected by the effluent disposal from the treatment plant.
Concentration of heavy metals in sediment showed simple difference between both
periods in refrence point and mixing zone. Average Cu concentration in the sediment
for two p eriods was high in mixing zone compared with other metals.

3

Immunization of White Mice against Hydatid Cyst Using Antigen B and Excretion - Secretion Antigen

W. R. Ali

Pages: 8-18

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Abstract

The aim of this study was toward the possibility of producing antigen that has the ability
to stimulate the immune response against the infection with the hydatid cyst. To do so
antigens were extracted from sheep hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus .These
were:
1- The hydatid cyst fluid called antigen B.
2- Excretion-secretion called ES antigen.
3-B/ES antigen is a mixture (1:1) of the above two antigens. Three concentrations
(15, 30 and 60 μg/ml) from antigen B/ES were prepared to immunize the white mice (males)
with 20 μg/gr body weight and one booster dose (10 μg/gr) to stimulate immunity .
The efficiency of these antigen concentrations against secondary infections was
investigated by the calculation of the reduction in percentage of cysts numbers
The results revealed that the reduction percentages of cyst in immunized group were
91.5% , 92.3% and 100% for concentration antigen 15, 30 and 60μg/g for Thr Immunized
groups respectively.. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) between and the positive
control group infection.
After 45 days of infection, the sensitivity test showed that the highest cellular immune
response occurred after three hours of the injection of the B/ES antigen in the left footpad of
the animals. This response was measured through the increase in the thickness of the footpad.
The reaction was clear in the positive control and in the infected immunized animals. When
the test was repeated after 90 days of the infection, the results were similar to the above, but
the reaction was more acute than in the first time esp ecially in the positive control groups of
mice.

4

Study the Effect of Rifampicin in the Level of Thyroid's Gland Hormones and Thyroid - Stimulating Hormone in Rabbits

D. A. Sabrei

Pages: 9-16

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Abstract

The aim of this study was intended to study the effect of rifampicin in the level of
thyroid's gland hormones (T4 ،T3) and thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) in rabbits.
Eight male rabbits were used through out this study, their weights were measured before
the starting of the experiment. Animals were divided into two groups (each group contains 4
rabbits), the first group was administrated daily with 15 mg/Kg physiological normal saline
for 35 days and used as a control group, while the second group was administrated with 15
mg /Kg daily for 35 day of rifampicin capsule 300 mg.
At the end of the experiment, all of animal groups were weighted and the sera was
prepared to measure the hormones.
The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the mean of animals
weights in the second group that was treated with rifampicin in comparison with the control
group. A significant increase (P < 0.05)was in T4, and T3 hormones level, and a significant
decrease (P < 0.05)was in TSH hormone level in the second group that treated with rifampicin
in comparison with the control group.
From this study, can conclude that rifampicin has a negative effect on thyroid gland
function which might disorder on the secretion activity of thyroid gland hormones.
Key words: Rifampicin, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormones.

5

The Impact of Ascending Levels of Crude Oil Pollution on Growth of Olive ( Olea europaea Linn) Seedlings

G . A. Shaker, H . H. Ali, B. A. A . Ali

Pages: 17-23

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Abstract

A study on the impact of ascending levels of crude oil on the growth of transplanted seedlings (
March2005 ) of Olive (Olea europaea Linn) was carried out at the experimental area of Iraq Natural History
Museum and Research centre / Baghdad University (Bab-Al-Madham –Baghdad) grown under field
condition and continued till April 2008.The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design ( CRD )
with five levels of pollution (0.0 , 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 and 3.0 liter / seedling ) poured at the soil surface , each
seedling represented one replicate and was replicated four times . Data collected from the experiment were
visual sy mptoms , percents of seedlings death, plant height and total dry weight of harvested plants. The
results indicated that crude oil pollution caused an adverse effect on the Olive (Olea europaea Linn). The
crude oil led to leaf chlorosis , dryness and death of seedlings. The adverse effects were proportional with
the levels of pollution. Plant heights and total dry weights were significantly reduced (p< 0.05) as a
consequence of pollution. Results of the study indicated that the effect of pollution clearly appeared after
three weeks at the high levels then the symptoms extended to lower levels during the first six months. The
study showed that treated plants with low levels of crude oil pollution were less growth but survived and
stayed alive, while the higher levels led to seedlings death. It was obvious that the adversely affected plants
could not be able to recover even after 27 months after pollution, the time of the experiment.

6

Effect of Different Planting Date and Variety in Some Morphological Characteristics of the Wheat Plant Triticum astivum L.

M. A. H. AL- Hadeathi, E. H. H. AL- Hayani, S. S. H. AL-Ani,, H. K. M. AL- Jubori

Pages: 19-25

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Abstract

Biological study was conducted in the botanical garden of the College of Education / Ibn
Al-Haitham during the growing season 2006-2007 to determine the impact different date
planting and variety in some morphological characteristics of the wheat plant Triticum astivum
L.
Two varieties of Triticum aestivum L.: IPA99 and Abu-Ghraib , were cultivated in 4th , 25th
of November and 9th of December .
The experiment was designed according to RCD in two replicates.
The results showed that cultivation of 4th November, gave rise to plants of high 74.66 cm,
with the highest number of tillers which was 4.01 and the highest length of spike was 12.03 cm,
while the plants planted on 9th December gave the lowest high of plant 55.40 cm, the smallest
number of total tillers 2.47 and shortest of spike 8.82 cm.
On the other hand the data showed that superiority of plant high of IPA99 on Abo-Graib
item which reach 67.82 cm , while Abo-Graib item gave more tillers (3.40 cm) than IPA99 .

7

The Effect of Leptin Hormone Levels In Type( II) Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

N. T. Taher

Pages: 24-28

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes Nephropathy complication is one of the most commonest metabolic
disorders that becomes an advanced serum level of hormone altered. The objective is to study
the effect of leptin levels in Type 2 diabetes nephropathy (D.N) complication and healthy
subject.
This study was done in National Diabetes Center (NDC), AL-M ustansriya University;on a
total (64) individuals whase age were ranged from(45-60) years,of which (38) patients of
type 2 diabetes nephropathy , and (26) healthy( controls).
The collected data ,information concerning the individuals used in the present study were:
age, sex , body mass index (BM I) and blood samples to estimate serum leptin levels , fasting
plasma glugcose (FPG) , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, blood urea , and
micral tests (urinary to microalbumine to creatinine ratio).
The mean FPG, HbA1c and Micral tests of type 2 diabetes nephropathy (D.N) showed
statistical significant with healthy control ;on the other hard the data shows significant
increases in leptin level in type 2 diabetes nephropathy (D.N) ( urinary microalbumin to
creatnin ratio ranged 30-300 mg/g) compared with healthy control.
No significant correlation was present between serum leptin and both serum creatinine and
blood urea ,so there wasn’t any correlation between BM I and serum leptin levels .In
conclusion the results showed that serum leptin level was elevated in type 2 diabetes
nephropathy (D.N) because impaired increase with progression of renal disease in diabetic
nephropathy .

8

Some Ecological Aspects of the Infection of the Mugilid fish Liza abu with the Acanthocephalan Neoechinorhychus iraqensis in Al-Najaf province, Iraq

J. H. Taher, N. H. Abid, N. A. Al-Hadithi

Pages: 26-31

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Abstract

A total of 803 sp ecimens of the mugilid fish Liza abu was collected from different fishing
grounds in Al-Najaf province during the period from Octber 1990 till September 1991. Of
these fishes, 9.3% were infected with the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis with
an intensity of 1.8.Changes in percentage incidence coincided with those of mean intensity.
Generally, percentage incidence and intensity increased with the increase of fish length (age).
Slight monthly changes in the infection were noticed. Changes in infection were attributed to
fish length, sex, food, water temperature and antagonism of N. iraqensis with the third larval
stage of nematode Contracaecum in the studied fish.

9

The Microbial Isolates of the Human Axilla Among Some Students and Employees of the College of Education –Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad

I. A-J Ibrahim, S A-M AL- Hadaria

Pages: 29-34

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Abstract

Body odour is the smell caused by bacteria feeding on sweat on the skin, especially in the
armpit and groin area. Fifty-four volunteers from students and employees of college of
Education Ibn Al- Haitham, were surveyed. Data were obtained concerning: subject details
and microbial examination. The following conclusions were reached: 1) coagulase negative
Staphylococcus was the most common isolate. 2) The most effective antibiotics were
amikacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, cephalothin, tobramycin, gentamycin respectively and
were least sensitive to methicillin and penicillin G. 3) Alum zirconium and alum
chlorohydrate were the most effective antiperspirants.

10

Effect of Different Diets on the Biology of Fig Moth Ephestia cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

F.M. Aziz, S. Hameed

Pages: 32-38

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Abstract

Results indicated that different diets significantly affected the development and survival of
fig moth Ephestia cautella (Walk.) in laboratory . Egg incubation was ranged between 3.9 and 4
days , while egg production means were (130.5 , 126, 118.9 , 68 , 60.8 and 58) eggs frwed .
Hatching percentages were (79.87% , 80.2% , 75.7% , 75.1% , 74.9% and 75%) on diets
containing dates , ground wheat fig. raisin , currant and dryapriocot , respectively . Results of this
study showed that the shortest generation period was obtained when insects were reared on diet
containing ground wheat , while the longest generation period was record for insects reareded on
dates.

11

Nutritional status of Under Five Years children of Falluga refugees

K.M. Mahdi

Pages: 35-40

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12

Monthly variation in the qualitative and qualitative Composition of zooplankton (Copepoda , Cladocera) In Diyala river and and two of its branches

M. L . Al – Doori

Pages: 39-51

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Abstract

The seasonal variation of two groups of Zooplankton were studied in Diyala river and
two branches , about 30Km from Diyala dam
It was found that there are differences in the distribution of the two groups . Atotal of six
sp ecies were identified of Copepoda in Diyala river and its two branches . The sp ecies are
Cyclops vernalis . C . visinus , C . dimorphus , Mesocyclops laukartu ,Paracyclops affinis
and Diaptomus reighardi , where recorded high annual density in Khalis stream . Its annual
density was between 0.55 – 20.66 Ind . / L.
Wheras, Cladocera group 14 species were identified . and the most disturbance sp ecies
were Bosmina longirostris , B . corigoni , Moina micrura , Alonella excise , Leptodra kiniditii
. However , the annual density was ranged between 1.68 – 29.38 Ind . / L, and the highest
annual density for Bosmina longirostris was 29.38 Ind . / L . in Diyala river b

13

The Dwelling OF Two Previous Cases OF Kala Azar

S. A. Salman

Pages: 41-44

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14

The Equilibrium Isotherm Removal OF Chromium From Waste Water By Aquatic Plants Using Batch Process Adsorption

M. S. Salman

Pages: 45-51

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Abstract

This study was carried out in Baghdad (Al-Jadiriya) in 2006 by detecting ability of
aquatic reed plant to remove heavy metals (Chromium) from waste water by batch process of
adsorption with considering that acidic solution is best selection for such process with
constant initial chromium concentration(60 mg/l),sp eed of shaking(300 rpm), temperature (30
Co) and constant contact time (4 h) but with different weights of adsorbent (reed) (0.5 ,1 ,2 ,3
and 4 )gm for each 100 ml volume of sample .
The results showed that the percentage of the removed chromium were ( 8% ,17.5%
,31% ,40% and 50%) respectively for each sample according to the mass of adsorbent used.
Equilibrium isotherm curve showed a good fitting with langmuir model and frendlich model
with square regression value for both of them( R2 =0.93) (R2 =0.97) respectively. The study
results showed that aquatic reed plant can be used as an adsorbent to remove the pollutants
from contaminated waste water.

15

Ecological Aspects of Dwelling Position For A previous Case of Kala – azar in South of Baghdad , Iraq

S. A. Salman

Pages: 52-57

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Abstract

This is a contribution to study the situation of a dwelling of previous case of kala- azar
in the endemic area (AL-M ahmodiya/ AL-Rasheed district) about 25 km south of Baghdad.
In order to assess the possible ecological causes of the incidence and the prevalence of
visceral leishmaniasis, in one of the well-known foci of the disease in the central region of
Iraq. It was found that the human dwelling position and ecological factors affect the infection
with this disease.

Keywords

Dwelling ecology Endemic area Factors focus Iraq. Kala-azar south Baghdad

16

Vaccination of chicken against Coccidiosis by using live Oocysts of different species of Eimeria

A. A. Mualla, A. Y. Yacoub, A. K. Kassab

Pages: 52-63

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Abstract

The study was conducted to vaccinate chickens against coccidiosis using alive
vaccine contain seven sp ecies of chicken Eimeria, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. necatrix, E.
maxima, E. mevati, E. acervulina and E. praecox.
A total of 120 chicks were divided into two main groups: broiler group and egg laying
group. The birds of each group were allocated on to three pins, each contains 20 chicks.
The birds of the experiment were vaccinated at day nine of age, with a suspension of mixed
Eimeria which contain 50 Oocysts of E. tenella with a different percent of other sp ecies,
respectively. The vaccine was given to chicks in the 1st pins of each group with drinking
water, the chicks in the 2nd pins were given vaccine by crop inoculation, while the chicks in
the 3rd pins were left with no vaccine as a control group. All groups were challenged at day
25 of age with 50000 sp orulated Oocysts of live E. tenella with the same percentage of other
sp ecies found in the suspension prepared, by crop inoculation. Clinical signs were observed,
with the following parameters which were calculated; the mortality, Body weight gain,
Oocysts count and protection rate. The results pointed out that the vaccinated chicks
developed a resistance against Eimeria sp ecies present in the vaccine; by reducing clinical
signs, mortality rate, and Oocysts count, with high protection rate especially among broilers,
while weight gain was not affected especially among those vaccinated with drinking water.
It was concluded that the prepared vaccine which was given to the chicks, at nine days of age
decreases the severity of the disease, to avoid using high number of Oocysts in the vaccine.

17

Computer Analysis Of A simplified Eye Model

T.A. Abdul Nabi, K.A. Mohammed, H. H. Mohammed

Pages: 58-64

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Abstract

Computer analysis of simple eye model is performed in the present work by using the
Zemax optical design software 2000E . The most important optical parameters of the eye were
calculated such as the effective focal length (EFL) , the image spot size at the retina and found to
be in a reasonable agreement with the values needed for the laser retinal treatment .The present
eye model leads to an effective wavelength and we found the image sp ot diagram at the surface
of the retina and the wavefront error which are provided at zero field angle. This gives a good
evidence of the validity of the model in one hand, and can be used to determine the compatibility
of any optical design intended for visual applications. By using the pulse frequency doubled
Nd:YAG laser 532 nm can be used for the to treatment the retina.

18

Effect of Calcium On Barley Tolerance To Increased Concentration Of NaCl

F.A.A.Al- Rubaiee

Pages: 64-70

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Abstract

This study was conducted to the college of education ( Ibn Al- Haitham ) – University of
Baghdad ( 2001 – 2002 ) to evaluate the barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. ) response to effect of
salinity and salinity with calcium in the growth medium . Seed germination was carried out
in petridishs by using the nutrient solution of Arnon and Hoagland containing different
concentrations of NaCl ( 0,50,100 and 150 mM ) and these concentrations with 5mM calcium
sulfate . Plant growth was continued in hydroponic culture in green house for 4 weeks .
Results showed that salinity caused a decrease in the percentage of germination, plant
growth , protein content and stability of the plasma membrane significantly reduced by
adding calcium in the growth medium .
Results supported the importance of calcium in tolerance of crope plants to saline stress

19

Study on The Effects of Boron on The Structure of Chloroplasts of Cauliflower , By Using Light Scattering Technique

H. M.A.Al-Qysi, R. M.M.ALMola, N. K.Alani

Pages: 65-71

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20

Effect of Na Ion on Physioloyical changes of Wheat Grown in Nutrient Solution

A.L.A. Al Arkwiazi, A.J. Hussein, W.A.Al – Kaisi

Pages: 71-78

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Abstract

The experimentes were carried out by using a nutrient solution in the green house of
Biology Dept , college of Education (Ibn Al- Haitham , University of Baghdad .) during 2001
-2002 growing season in order to determine the effect of sodium ion, by using four
concentrations: (zero , 40,80,120. Mm), to study the appearance and physiological
characteristics for two wheat varieties : IP A99 and Al-Kaid according to factorial experiment
in completely randomized design for each concentration. The rcsults showed that the fourth
concentration (120 Mm) for the Na ion is the most effective one on Leaf area, chlorophyll
content, soluble carbohydrates, nitrogen content and protein percentage.
M oreover the result suggested that the variety (IPA99) showed a good durability toward
the increase in the concentration of Na ion

21

Preparation of Optical Window in the Infrared Region (3- 5) μm Using Al2O3 Material

A.K. Iltaif, L.N.Abbas, S.A.Hasan, B.A.Al-Hilli

Pages: 72-77

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22

Optical Properties & Structural of Dioxide Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis

D. M. A. latif

Pages: 78-85

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23

Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Growth singly and in Combination with Some Antibiotics

H. S.Yossef

Pages: 79-88

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Abstract

One hundred and fifteen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from human
infected wound and burn. The resistance of this organism for eight commonly used antibiotics
was determined by disc diffusion methods.
The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC was determined for each drug by tube dilution
method. Results showed significant variations in the MIC values. It was found that two isolates
had high resistance for the eight antibiotics used. Effect of ascorbic acid on bacterial growth was
studied singly and in combination with antibiotics. Reductions in MIC value were reported for
different antibiotics when tested by growth curve method too.

24

Influence of Simultaneous Doping of Tl on the Transition Temperature Tc and the Lattice Parameters of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ δ Superconductors

K. A. Jassim

Pages: 82-86

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Abstract

In the present study, we have reported investigations on the effect of simultaneous
substitution of Tl at the Hg site in the oxygen deficient HgOδ layer of Hg1-xTlxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ δ
cuprate sup erconductor. Bulk polycrystalline samples were prepared by the two-step solid
state reaction process. It was observed that the grown Hg1-xTlxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ δ corresp onds to
the 1223 phase. Electrical resistivity, using four probe technique, is used to find the transition
temperature Tc. The highest Tc(0ffset) were 108, 102,113, 118, 125 and 121K for Hg1-
xTlxBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ δ with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 respectively. The optimum
Tc(off) of ~ 125 K and Tc(onset) ~ 136K was found for the composition
Hg0.80Tl0.20Ba2Ca2Cu3O8.293. All the samples preparation with O2 flow, we found that the O2
flow in our samples p roduce high- Phase sup erconductors.
X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis showed a pseudotetragonal structure with an increase of
the c-axis lattice constant for the samples doped with Tl as compared with these have no Tl
content. It was found that the change of the Tl concentrations of all our samples p roduces a
change in the M ass density ρm, c/a and volume fraction VPh(1223).

25

The Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Some Spices in Growth of E. coli O157:H7 in Minced Beef

J. A. S. Salman, G. M. Khalil, R. A. Abdul-Razaq

Pages: 89-95

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Abstract

Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum was studied against Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in minced beef , as well as the effect of some Spices ( Garlic , Cloves and Black
Pepper ) was studied against this bacteria . Plate count method was used to estimate the viable
cells of E. coli O157:H7 in the treated meat samples for incubation periods( 0 , 24 and 48) h.
Results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum had inhibitory effect against E. coli
O157:H7 , when reducing the number of cells after 24, 48 h., and reached to Zero after (24) h.
As well as Spices in this study had inhibitory activity against E. coli O157:H7 .Garlic had the
highest inhibitory effect compared with Cloves and Black Pepper.
The synergistic inhibitory effect of the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Spices
( Garlic , Cloves and Black Pepper ) separately were studied against E. coli O157:H7 in the
minced beef using the same method of counting .
Results showed that the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and spices had a
synergistic inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7. The synergistic Inhibitory effect of
Lactobacillus plantarum and garlic in (24)h. incubation period was higher than the effect of
other spices.

26

Photo -induced Electron Transfer Between Ruthenium (II) tris –( 2,2 - bipyrdine ) and Methyl Viologen

H.J.M.Al-Agealy

Pages: 93-102

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Abstract

Electron transfer (ET) reactions represent an elementary chemical process which occurs in
a large variety of molecules, ranging from small ion pairs up to large biological sy stem.
A theoretical study of photo – induced electron transfer between Ruthenium (II) tirs -(
2,2 - bipyrdine ) Ru(bpy) 2
3 and Methy l Viologen MV2+ in a variety of Solvents at room
temperature is presented . This study is based on an optical activation by the absorption of
light .The Solvent is described by a dielectric continuum model, and the transferring is
represented by a quantum mechanical wave function . In this application, the reorganization
energy  , the driving free energy G , and the activation free energy G ‡ are calculated
with semi classical model . The electronic coupling for the electron transfer DA V reaction is
taken from Mulliken –Hush method, and the rate of electron transfer KET in
2 2
3 Ru(bpy) MV system are calculated with a quantum mechanical model.
Our calculation results for the electron transfer in
2 2
3 Ru(bpy) MV system show a
good agreement with the experimentally observed results .

27

The Study Effect of Addition Magnesia (MgO) on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties for Alumina

A.W. Watan, S. K. Abd-Hassin, K. H . Harrbi

Pages: 96-104

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28

Study The Structural And Electrical Properties Of CdTe:In Thin Films

I. S. Naji

Pages: 103-109

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Abstract

Indium doped CdTe polycrystalline films of thickness equals to 300nm were grown on
corning glass substrates at temperature equals to 423K by thermal co-evaporation technique.
The structural and electrical properties for these films were studied as a function of heat
treatment (323,373,423)K. The x-ray analysis showed that all samples are polycrystalline and
have the cubic zincblende structure with preferential orientation in the [111] direction, no
diffraction peaks corresponding to metallic Cd, Te or other compounds were observed. It was
found that the electrical resistivity drops and the carrier concentration increases when the
CdTe film doped with 1.5% indium and treated at different annealing temperatures.

29

A Study of the Change of the Total Solar Radiation Above Baghdad City for the Period from 1985.1989 By Using Satellite Antenna Data

O. J. Tarish

Pages: 105-110

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Abstract

The solar radiation plays an important role on the energy balance of the earthatmosp
here, which is the main source of energy.
Also the solar radiation is a main factor of all applications which use a solar energy as
renewable energy source.
The purpose of this research is to study the monthly average changes for solar
radiation for the period from 1985 to 1989 by using satellite Antenna Alignment from
(NASA). The result shows that the monthly average radiation changes from one year to
another because of the changing of it component of atmosp here, (gases, clouds and Aerosols)
and as an enhancement for this conclusion, we compared the results with the monthly average
radiation at clear atmosp here where the change was slight through the same period.

30

Complexeation Behavior of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and CdII Ions Toward Schiff Base Derived From 2, 4 -Dihydroxy Benzaldehyde and O-Phenylene Diamine

A. .T. Numan, K. .M. Sultan, A.S. Abdullah

Pages: 110-119

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Abstract

The aim of this work covers the synthesis and characterization of the new tertra dentate ligand
(H4L) containing (N and O) as donor set atoms kind (N2O2) where: H4L=Bis-1,2 (2,4-
dihydroxybenzy lediene phylinediamine . The preparation of ligand contains reaction 2, 4 -
Dihydroxy benzaldehyde and o-phenylene diamine . Schiff base was reacted with some metal
ions in the presence of methanol to give the complexes in the general formula
[M (H2L)] where: MII = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd. All compounds were characterized by sp ectroscopic
methods I.R , U.V.-Vis, metal content and molar conductivity measurements, showed that the
complexes are non-electrolyte. The proposed geometry for all of the proposed complexes was a
tetrahedral while Ni complex was square planar.

31

A comparison Between Two Etchants Used to Etch Surface of CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector

B. J. Hussein

Pages: 111-119

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Abstract

The search included a comparison between two etchands for etch CR-39
nuclear track detector, by the calculation of bulk etch rate (Vb) which is one of the
track etching parameters, by two measuring methods (thichness and change mass).
The first type, is the solution prepared from solving NaOH in Ethanol
(NaOH/Ethanol) by varied normalities under temperature(55˚C)and etching time
(30 min) then comparated with the second type the solution prepared from solving
NaOH in water (NaOH/Water) by varied normalities with (70˚C) and etching time
(60 min) . All detectors were irradiated with (5.48 Mev) α-Particles from an 241Am
source in during (10 min). The results that Vb would increase with the increase of
the normality of etchant until we arrive to the upmost value at (2N) then it would
decrease, where (40.116 μm/h)and (40.313μm/h) were for both of the methods
consecutively , and when compared with etchant of (NaOH/ ◌ًWater) was
(1.416μm/h) and (1.429μm/h) consecutively.

32

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Bis-1, 3, 4-Butane-1-3, 4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

H.I. Omar–Eldeen

Pages: 120-124

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33

Comparison of Optimum Balance Values For Different Coefficients of Spherical Aberration of Optical System Including Different Apertures

Al. Badr Hassan, H. Mumtaz Ali, R. Faisal Rabee

Pages: 120-126

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34

Determination of pKa and Thermodynamic Data of Some Schiff Bases Derived From 4,6-Dimethyl 2-Amino Pyrimidine

H. J. Aziz

Pages: 125-131

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35

Relationship Between Lipid Peroxidation and Vitamine (E) , -Tocooherol Supplementation in Sera of Apparntly Healthy Individuals

Z.I.Al-Mashhadani, .Al-Baityi, L.S,Al-Zubadyi

Pages: 127-135

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Abstract

In an attempt to shed a light on the possible relationship between lipid peroxidation and
some antioxidant.
The effect of vitamine E (as a potent antioxidant free radical scavenger) on the serum
levels of Total cholesterol (TC) and Triacylglycerols (TG) was studied and the lipid
peroxidation marker (M DA) was measured.
The study includes (50) healthy donors from males and females who had given vitamine E
at a rate of (400IU) daily for one month and were divided into two groups.
1. Group (A) : included (25) males donors (20-40) y ears old, before and after giving
vitamine E.
2. Group (B) : included (25) females donors (20-40) years old , before and after giving
vitamine E.
The result of the study indicated and confirmed the role of Vitamine E in reducing the
lipid peroxidation marker serum MDA in the studied groups.
(TC) and T(G) levels were reduced after sup plementation with Vitamin E in sera of
apparently healthy donors.

36

Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus Growth singly and in Combination with Some Antibiotics

H. S.Yossef

Pages: 132-139

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Abstract

One hundred and fifteen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from human
infected wound and burn. The resistance of this organism for eight commonly used antibiotics
was determined by disc diffusion methods.
The minimum inhibitory concentration MIC was determined for each drug by tube dilution
method. Results showed significant variations in the MIC values. It was found that two isolates
had high resistance for the eight antibiotics used. Effect of ascorbic acid on bacterial growth was
studied singly and in combination with antibiotics. Reductions in MIC value were reported for
different antibiotics when tested by growth curve method too

37

Purification of Fungul Glucoamylase and Study the Effect of Concentration And Thermal Processing on Enzymatic Activity of Starch Hydrolysis

M. K. M. Jwaid

Pages: 136-146

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Abstract

Glucoamylase from black Aspergillus niger isolate was purified by ammonium sulfate
precipitation and sephadex G 200 filtration. A trial for the purification of glucoamylase
resulted in an enzy me with a sp ecific activity of 6472 unit/mg protein with 10 times fold. The
main goal of the present work was to test this enzy me in hydrolyzing the raw starch. Two
substrates were used: corn starch and potato starch 2% (w/v). The effect of enzy me dosage
and thermal processing of substrate on kinetics and efficiency of hydrolysis were studied. The
results suggested that the glucoamylase activity is increased as the increase of enzy me
concentration and the enzy me was sufficiently effective in hydrolyzing tested raw starch, and
thermal modification of substrates was not necessary.

38

Determination of Optimum Cultural Conditions for the Production of Cytosine Deaminase From Escherichia coli

S. A. L. Al-Maeny, A. M. Mohmmad, I.y. Majeed, A.H . Ali

Pages: 147-156

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Abstract

The study involved isolation and characterization of E.coli from patient’s infected with
diarrhea , in order to study the ability of the bacteria to produce cytosine deaminase (CD).
Result showed eight isolates of E.coli which showed adifference in the production of (CD)
and the isolate of E. coli E33 was the beast of its production of CD than the other’s and the
value of the sp ecific activity was 4.920 u/mg protein , when grown in the medium which
contains 1% glycerol ,3% peptone as a source of Carbon and Nitrogen resp ectively with pH 8.
The optimum cultural condition‘s for the production of CD from E. coli E33 was
studied the result‘s showed that the isolate gave the highest production of the enzy me(5.28
u/mg protein) which was grown in amedium containing 1% glucose as a carbon source while
the best source of nitrogen was peptone in conc. 3% and Yeast extract in conc. 0.2%. The
initial optimal pH in the production of this enzyme was 8 at 37 C ◌ْ

39

Synthesis and Characterization of Tetradentate Complexes Type N2O2 From the Reaction of 2-Hydroxy -1, 2-Diphynel-Ethanone Oxime [H2L] With Mn II, Fe II, Co II, Ni II, Cu II and Hg II Ions

A.Th. Numan, E. I. Alsalehe, J. H. Aldulaimi

Pages: 148-158

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Abstract

Tetradentate complexes type [M (HL) 2] were prepared from the reaction of 2-hydroxy -1,
2-diphynel-ethanone oxime [H2L] and KOH with ( Mn II, Fe II, Co II, Ni II , Cu II and Hg II ), in
methanol with (2:1) metal: ligand ratio. The general formula for Cu II and Mn II complexes are
[M (HL) 2 Cl.H2O] K, for Co II [Co (HL) 2. H2O] and [M (HL) 2] for the rest of complexes. All
compounds were characterised by sp ectroscopic methods, I.R, U.V-Vis, H.P.L.C, atomic
absorption and conductivity measurements chloride content. From the data of these
measurements, the proposed molecular structures for Fe II and Hg II complexes are
tetrahedrals, while Mn II and Cu II complexes are octahedrals, Ni II complex adopting square
planar structure and the complex of Co II ion showed a bipyramidal structure

40

Preparation and Structural Studies of new Metal Complexes with 2-N(4- N,N- dimethyl benzyliden ) 5 - (pmethoxy phenyl)- 1,3,4- thiodiazole

S. K. Abraheim, Sh. R. Bakir, M. F. Alias

Pages: 159-175

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Abstract

A new Schiff base, 2-N( 4- N,N – dimethyl benzyliden )5 – (p- methoxy phenyl) – 1,3,4-
thiodiazol ,and their metal complexes Cu (Π) ,Ni (Π), Fe (III) , Pd (Π) , P t (IV) , Zn(Π) ,V(IV)
and Co (Π) , were synthesized. T he prepared complexes were ident ified and their structural geometries
were suggested by using flam atomic absorption technique , FT-IR and Uv-Vis spect roscopy, in
addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivit y measurements. T he study of the nature of the
complexes formed in ethanol solution , following the mole ratio method , gave results which were
compared successfully with those obtained from the isolated solid state studied.
Structural geometries of compounds were also suggested in gas phase by using theoretical
treatments , using HyperChem-6 program for the molecular mechanics and semi- empirical
calculations. T he heat of formation (ΔHƒ
°) and binding energy (ΔEb) for the free ligand and their metal
complexes were calculated by PM3 and AMBER met hods, P M3 was used to evaluate t he vibrat ion
spect ra of schiff base and to compare the theoretically calculated wave numbers with exprimental
values by using 2- amino- 5 (p- methoxy phenyl)-1,3,4- thiodiazole as authentic compound. T he
theoretically obtained frequencies agreed calculation helped to assign unambiguously the most
diagnostic bands.

41

Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of Some New Triazole Derivatives

S . K Abdul-Rahmann

Pages: 176-182

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42

On Weakly Prime Submodules

I. M.A.Hadi

Pages: 183-190

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43

Some Results on Semi-preopen Sets

R. N. Majeed, A. I. Nasir

Pages: 199-204

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44

New Kinds of Blocking sets in a Projective Plane PG(2,q)

A.T. Mahammad, M. J. Mahammad

Pages: 205-211

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45

 - C-Compactness

R. B. Esmaeel

Pages: 212-218

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46

The Inhibitory Effect of Some Benzoic Acid Derivatives on Human Erythrocyte Catalase Activity

Z.A.Ali

Pages: 140-147

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