Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The race of (110 meters) barriers is one of the athletics races that are very connected with complex motor performance, so it is one of the most important races in which the level is determined by the level of motor performance in addition to the level of development of the various elements of physical fitness. We can say that barriers racing generally need a great deal of physical fitness, technical and tactical performance.
This study aims to identify some kinematic variables to two world champions with the event of (110) barriers before, during and after passing the barrier of the leading man and the fourth and the fifth barrier where this champion raced with a time of (12.87) .and the other with (12.8) in September (2012 ).
Based on the results obtained through kinematic analysis of the event of the 110-meter hurdles for the world record holder (Colin Jackson) and (Erez Merritt), the significant statistical parameters that define the ideal motor model were obtained. An analysis of the technical performance of the champion (Jackson) was provided at the hurdles (fourth and fifth). The efficiency of clearing hurdles can be defined through the horizontal speed of the Centre for the weight of the body during the hurdles clearing stage, high M.t.j during the clearing, and the speed of the angle of the knee through the swinging stage, and the time of flying; reduce the lost horizontal velocity as less as possible to the center of the weight of the body; reduce the foot contact time at the moment of landing after the hurdle; unifying the vectors of forces to reduce the extra and potential movements of some parts of the center for the weight of the body and movements of the head, shoulders, hips, before and during movements and after passing the hurdle.
According to the task foundations to pass hurdles, it is the horizontal velocity variable of the center of gravity of the body during the hurdles clearing stage, high M.t.j during the clearing, and the angular velocity of the knee through the swinging stage and time of flying; reducing the lost horizontal velocity as less as possible to the center of the weight of the body; reduce the foot contact time at the moment of landing after the hurdle; unifying the vectors of forces to reduce the extra and potential movements of some parts of the center for the weight of the body and movements of the head, shoulders, hips, before and during movements and after passing the hurdle.

The aim of the research was to use exercises in the aqueous medium and see its effect on anaerobic capacity and some offensive skills in basketball, where these skills are considered the basis for the student and the team\'s success in the future. The researchers adopted tests applied to the research sample, who were students of first degree of (20) students. They were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and controlling. After getting the results, which were processed statistically, the researchers reached the following conclusions:
- The water environment has a positive influence in the development of anaerobic capacity among the research sample.
- The water environment has a positive influence in the development of some offensive skills in basketball at the research sample, which exceeds the impact of the approach taken.

The research aims to identify the impact of different expressive movements in reducing emotional arousal and developing accuracy of some defensive skills for the female volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental method with the experimental design with pre and post-tests equal groups. The research community were of (24) players representing the female players of Babil province clubs teams of volleyball. The research sample was chosen randomly of (10) players, who were divided equally into two groups: experimental and control groups. The researchers used the tools and means of appropriate devices and conducted mini exploratory experience, and then found a scientific basis for the measure and skills tests. After that, the researchers conducted the pre-test and applied the training units that lasted for a period of 6 weeks, and by two units of training per week, and the time for the training unit was (90) and after the completion of the implementation of training units by applying diverse expressive movements on members of the experimental group, the post-tests were carried out, and the data was extracted and statistically processed and then displayed, analyzed and discussed. The researchers came up with several conclusions; the most important ones were the effectiveness of various expressive movements in reducing emotional arousal, as well as its effectiveness in the development of some physical and motor abilities in volleyball. In the light of these findings, the researchers recommended that the necessity of using various expressive movements in the training units for the game of volleyball, as well as coaches need to pay attention to the psychological side of the players in order to control the emotional arousal and to be able in the physical and motor abilities and make them in a good and level required.

The topic of leadership is one of the topics of great interest by scientists on different specialties, so it occupied many aspects of a person's life. The researchers studied it with different approaches and there are those who considered the leadership as a base engine and effective instrument in achieving any institution, whether military, economic or political, or sports and that for its role in making the performance of the group more effective and their contribution in guiding the behavior of individuals and to achieve a certain goal and push the movement of advancement and construction. It also has a role in the group cohesion and the organization of their behavior and building its future. The research problem was the absence of a scale to the behavior of the leadership of the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants locally codified in order to get to know the level of leadership behavior of theirs, as well as the lack of knowledge of the degree of leadership behavior and level of the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants in the departments of sport and Scout activity in the provinces of Iraq because of the importance of this phenomenon and its impact on social relations during Scout Camp. The research aims to build and codify the measurement of leadership behavior to the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants and to identify the level of leadership behavior to the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants. The researchers used the descriptive method with the survey method, due to suitability and the nature of the current study on the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants of (190) sergeants and assistants distributed in (19) detective Educational Directorate in (14) province of Iraq through the participation in the Scout Camp that was held by Directorate of Qadisiyah province education. The researchers concluded that the current scale was considered a tool to detect the level of leadership behavior to the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants and distributed a sample search on five levels to gauge the leadership of the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants. It was found that the highest level was (very good), followed by the level (good ) and level (average) and level (acceptable), and finally level (weak) and appeared that the research sample had achieved a good level to measure leadership behavior to the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants. The researchers recommended to adopt the current scale designed by the researchers to detect the level of leadership behavior to the Scouts Sergeants and their assistants and conduct similar studies to identify the relationship between the leadership behavior and the results of the participating teams scout camps and conduct similar studies to identify the leadership behavior and its relationship to the level of social cohesion of the participating teams scout camps.

The Ping-Pong is one of the most common sports, as it is healthy game and looks easy to be played with simple rules at first glance. But those who exercise it with carefullness and interest, it is clear to them that it needs a long-term exercise being in accordance with the rules and regulations related thereto. As practicing it without following those rules causes to lose its joy and deprive it from the signs of entertainment sought by players in the first place.
The Ping-Pong is one of the games that do not play with a time limit, because the winner will be who gets three sets out of five rounds and each round has (11) points. As the modern Ping-Pong has with it a lot of qualities and movements that this simple research cannot include, i wanted to show one feature of the features and skills and that is the skill of serving. The importance of serving lies in being the beginning and the key to win and achieve victory and is considered very special and different in Ping-Pong and the advanced players depend on it so much in surprising the opponent and earn points. The serving sometimes causes the loss of players and in their victory as well. This research deals with the causes of failure in the serving because of its importance in determining the outcome of the players, and sometimes a failure in serving can be fateful in the rounds of the important games. The research aims to
1. Identify the percentage of failed servings for the Ping-Pong players.

The differences in the pressures of the profession is one of the main factors that hinder the educational process, which had to be on the researcher to set goals for consideration, which is to identify the professional pressures and differences in the pressures of the profession to the male and female teachers of Physical Education. The researcher used the descriptive method, which resulted in the existence of significant differences in profession pressure among both the female teachers of middle and junior high school levels for the benefit of middle school female teachers. There were also differences in the pressures of the profession in favor of the middle school female teachers, and the rest, there are no significant differences in the pressures of the profession. Thus, the researcher recommended providing the hardware and opening sessions and giving enough time to study physical education and reduce the stressful stimuli experienced by the teacher.

Managing climate is the internal work environment by its different variables and characteristics and their interactions as this climate plays an important role in determining the moral and functional behavior of individuals working in terms of formation, modification and changing the values, customs, attitudes and behavior. The administrative climate is different from one organization to another in the difference in experiences, service and values prevailing among workers, which in turn affect the behavioral habits.
Those managers of the youth do not meet the needs of workers, leading to a sense of lack of job stability, increasing morale, inequity and frustration which leads to anxiety and stress which affects the achievement and work motivation. The research aims to identify the administrative climate and morale among managers and employees of the youth of Erbil centers and to reveal the relationship and differences in the administrative climate and morale among managers and employees of the youth Erbil centers, depending on the variables (Sex, education level).

The research aimed to recognize the value of oxygen consumption vo2max and vital capacity value of the female players of Aphrodite sports and Bermkron Sports Club for arena football; to identify the differences between vo2max oxygen consumption values and vital capacity among the players of Aphrodite Sports Club and Sports Bermkron for arena football. The researcher assumed the following: There were significant differences between the moral vo2max oxygen consumption values and vital capacity among the players of the Aphrodite Sports Club and Sports Bermkron for arena football and in favor of the players Aphrodite Sports Club.
The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its appropriateness and the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of the players of Aphrodite Club of (7) players of Sports Bermkron Club for arena football of (7) players. The statistical Pouch (SPSS) was used to manipulate the research results.
The researcher concluded the following:
1. The maximum oxygen consumption VO2Max among the players of Aphrodite Club more than that among the players of Sports Bermkron Club for arena football.
2. The vital capacity ratio among the players of Aphrodite Club is higher than it is among the players of Sports Bermkron Club for arena football.

The two skills of spiking and defense walling up are considered one of the important means of playing, being one of the skills on which a team depends to earn points end the game for it, which requires that player has potential and kinetic qualifications (motor compatibility) ... Having a player a feature of motor compatibility with a high degree make it able to perform skills accurately and effectively during the game, and that means the player must possess the feature of motor compatibility with degree enables him to emerge skill level required in the field of play.
Accordingly, the main research objectives were as follows: -
1. Identify the level of skills performance among the players with the two skills of spiking and defense walling up.
2. Prepare special exercises for the development of the feature of motor compatibility among the rookie players in volleyball.
3. Identify the effect of the exercises of motor compatibility according to the method of distributed exercise in learning the two skills of spiking and defense walling up in volleyball.
To achieve these objectives, the researcher used the experimental approach, as the research sample was represented with the rookie players of Rumaitha Club in Volleyball - Muthanna - Iraq, as well as the means of data collection ... and after Field procedures of identification the research tests, and validating them and the preparation of the approach, the researcher started conducting the main experiment by using the appropriate statistical methods to address the results to serve the research and achieve the goals. He concluded that the exercises contributed to the development of the motor compatibility according to the method of distributed exercise and learning the two skills of spiking and defense walling up in volleyball.
Kinetic Compatibility: is “arranging and organizing the effort of the human being based on the goal” (Wajih Mahjoub, Ahmad Badri, 2002, p. 15)
Distributed Exercise: is 'those exercises that comfort exist between an exercise and another exercise and the period of resting is long or short based on the training approach'

that has occurred at the level of achievement and performance in Game Fencing result of scientific efforts big of experts and specialists in the field of sports, which contributed to the development aspects of skill and tactical to penetrate and make it more difficult task of defending and attacking the opponent's turn, as the achievement of the lung of various distances in Altbarzelh instrumental in the win, where sources refer to the importance of accuracy the lung of jump distances and different angles to increase the success rate of the player attack swordsman and instructor Maha reached his skills will not be able to make a hero of the body is not qualified so inappropriate, have to be sporty, enjoying the pattern of my body appropriate to the type of sport that is practiced so that programs training her usefulness and importance of research reflected in the development of a set of bodily the measurements that serves as an indicator can be relied upon to choose the best and most promising players in the fencing, , And hopes to researchers in potential to benefit workers in the field of training by increasing the effectiveness of selection for measurements bodily appropriate and that would develop the skill of the lung of jump as one of the most important and the most difficult skills and the most widely used and effective in a game of fencing, and to find out what are the the measurements bodily variable predictor of the accuracy of the lung of jump Mar is one of the skills that confuse an opponent and affect it and increase the motivation of the player to get the touches many and here comes the role of the most important the measurements bodily own and their impact on the confusion defender technically in the speed and accuracy of the lung of the jump has felt researchers study this relationship, and enable coaches to rely on the scientific method correct in linking between the measurements bodily and accuracy of the lung of the jump was also used researchers the descriptive method his style survey and relationships connectivity for suitability in solving the problem of the research was chosen as the research sample way intentional for the squad Diyala in fencing,'s (30) player, representing the percentage (100%) The researchers introduced a questionnaire, to explore expert opinion to determine the most important the measurements bodily appropriate for the player who leads the lung of jump, and include (30) compared to physically After collecting the forms and discharge data were excluded measurements of physical and got on without percentage (100%) also used the researchers set of measurements and standardized tests to ensure the accuracy of the results according to the objectives of the study and the conclusions reached by the researchers that the the measurements bodily among a sample group appeared inconsistent relative to the sample optimal and there is little effect of some the measurements bodily performance parameters footwork offensive to the players, the research sample, there are obvious weakness in the accuracy the lung from jump, the subject of the study through the level that obtained by the research sample, and a weakness in percentage contribution of the most important the measurements bodily (weight, age, total length, length of stop, the length of the man) quickly and accurately the lung under discussion, and either of the recommendations reached by the researchers need to pay attention bodily measurements, especially in the early stages of the selection of players for the right investment and the economy in time and effort.
Key words: bodily the measurements, fencing, jump and accuracy the lung

The research aims to detect effect of multimedia with two methods of individual and collective in learning some of the motor skills on a parallel device for men in gymnastics and the differences in the post-test results between the two groups of the research in learning some of the motor skills on a parallel device for men in gymnastics. The two researchers used the experimental method for its relevance to the research and the nature of its problem. The research community consisted of the second school year students in the Faculty of Physical Education - University of Dohuk for the academic year (2013 - 2014). The research sample consisted of 24 students by 12 students for each division by two experimental groups. The first experimental group used the individual method, whereas the second group used the collective method. The researchers carried out the parity for the two research groups; the researchers adopted the personal interviews, questionnaire, tests, and scales as instruments to collect data. The researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and the percentage and (T test) of the samples associated and non-associated as instruments in data collection. The researchers concluded that the multimedia: collective and individual, had made some educated motor skills on the parallel device. The experimental group, which used the collective multimedia, achieved the best level in learning some motor skills on parallel device compared to individual multimedia. The researchers recommended the need to use the collective multimedia method because of its positive impact on learning some motor skills on the parallel device.

The study aim is to know reseasons behine un willing the students to practice the athletic referee in futsal especially in the Alqadissiyah university – physical education college championship and in other championship which is hold in the university athletic unit .
The researcher user the descriptive curriculum by the trace studies because ; they are suitable with the research problem sol ration .
The research community contains from (50) students from the fourth stage in the physical education college - Alqadissiyah university in (2013-2014) after dismiss the girls students , They were chosen randomly and the researcher use the question air as the tool to gather the data , Them the research use the suitable statistic coefficient in the (spss) statistic bag in order to reach to the results .
The results appear the all pole has the effect in the student direction to the referee in futsal .
For each pole has items which effect on the students willing to referee ; beside there un effect item is ide each pole .
The Recommendation ; the researcher recommended to nessaty the care about the students willing and encourage the students to push more careful with the referee in futsal and other games through courses , lectures , and the conferences to improving the working referee money in futsal game referee beside care them amorally to be motivate to join in referee field .

Thinking is the finest forms of mental activity for human beings as it is one of the greatest gifts given by the Almighty Creator ( Allah ) for the human beings and give preference to them over the rest of his creatures, and greatness of this gift can be inferred through its remains marked by numerous humanitarian civilizations. Thinking is the process by which the human regulates his mental experience renewably to solve the problems that face him and realize the relationships. The progress or the decline of Sports is linked in a large extent to the level of administrative leadership as well as the organizational structure formulated by the State Administration to run sports business, which has to be relevant to the nature of the sports movement as well as compatibility with the orientations of the state in its philosophy in the political, economic and social fields.

The researcher used the experimental method by using the experimental design to identify the most important body distortions for pupils in the first three stages of primary school by designing a program for the motor education to reduce injuries and modify the pupils’ bodies. The study aimed to the motor and hard balance; to compatibility between the eye and the hand, between the eye and leg, and between the hands and feet; and to raising awareness to the body as well as finding the casualty rate among students group which underwent a program of proposed kinetic education, and a group of students that have undergone a school program for the experimental group and find between the experimental group and the control group in the degrees of compatibility, balance and awareness of the body in favor of the experimental group tests after the application of the proposed program.
The research sample was chosen intentionally from the first three-grade students in the primary level. The researcher used the method of random in the selection of rows that will be implementing the program by 412 pupils, who were divided into two groups: experimental and control, each group consists of (206) pupil so that one group form four Schools in its first three classes.
After the extract the data, it was processed statistically, and then displayed, analyzed and discussed, the researcher reached several conclusions; the most important ones were: There are differences between the group (experimental) that have undergone program proposed kinetic education and the group (control group) that have undergone school program in injuries to different parts of the body rate for the experimental group, as well as there are differences among the group (experimental) and group (control group) in the body tissue injury rate (bones, muscles, joints and ligaments different) for the experimental group, as well as the proposed kinetic education program led to reducing injuries for the primary school students. In the light of these findings, the researcher recommended to pay attention to Kinetic education programs for the primary schools to include in their objectives the physical activity development in order to reduce the pupils injuries rates in schools; to apply the proposed kinetic education programs for their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of the disciples of the first three phases; to provide security and safety reasons inside schools; to activate the role of physical education teacher to take his role in guiding students to correct erroneous movements and movements in order to avoid the body distortions.

The study aimed to identify the impact of training approach prepared by the researcher by using resistance rubber ropes and their impact on the length of strikes, as well as the completion of (50 m) butterfly swimming. One of the research objectives was to identify the differences in the two groups of the research. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the training approach to assist in reaching the research objectives with the equal groups method due to its suitability to the idea of the research and, consequently, the research sample was selected, who were the swimmers of Musayyib Sports Club for the season (2012 - 2013) of (9) swimmers selected intentionally been choosing (6) swimmers of them to be the research sample, who practice the butterfly swimming and their ages arranges from (16-18) years. The homogeneity between the research samples was confirmed as they were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental group which consists of three swimmers training on resistance rubber ropes, whereas the control group consists of three swimmers training at the prepared training approach by the coach without training rubber ropes. In order to adjust the research in terms of the variables and ensure the safety of equipment and tools, the researcher conducted three exploratory experiments and then the pretests were conducted. The training approach took (8) weeks after the end of the duration of the experiment, the post-tests were conducted in the same tests conditions in the pretests as the length of strikes and the time of achieving 50m butterfly swimming were measured and calculated by video recording. After analyzing the data, the researcher suggested: -

The researchers conducted this research as a means to solve the problem of a large number of students having obvious weakness in the performance of gymnastics skills on a jump horse. In order to solve this problem, the researcher proposed that the psychological hesitation and superstitious thinking are causing this weakness, and that there was a direct correlation between psychological hesitation and fancy thinking and their relationship was counterproductive with achievement. To achieve the research objectives that aim to identify the level of both the superstitious thinking and psychological hesitation, and also to identify the impact of superstitious thinking in psychological hesitation among the students of the Faculty of Physical Education, University of Qadisiyah when performing the jumping skill groundbreaking on a jump horse. By using the descriptive approach with the survey method to a sample of (175) students from the third phase students in the Faculty of Physical Education - University of Qadisiyah, and for that the researchers used the previously prepared psychological hesitation scale and establishing the superstitious thinking scale, followed by the necessary building standards of scientific steps, and the end of these measures we had a measure of superstitious thinking consisting of (22) items and psychological hesitation scale of (51) items. The three levels of superstitious thinking were identified, which were (weak, medium and high) and after completion of the two scales, they were applied to the sample and data were statistically treated, and so the researchers reached to the conclusions, such as: the psychological hesitation for the performance skills on a jump horse got higher when the level of superstitious thinking was high and fall down when the superstitious thinking got down and the level of performance of gymnastics skills on a jump horse was adversely affected by increasing the level of psychological hesitation.