Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Seven inbred lines of Maize: (OH, ZP301, UN44052, SH, IK-58, IK-8, and R-153 ) were used in this study a half diallel Cross at spring 2014 in one farmers field in Baiji province . In evaluation season the genotypes (parents and single crosses beside to the commercial Variety (Moring)were planted. in shiwan station of Agricultural Administration of Kirkuk City at spring season of 2015,some traits were studied are: (number of days to 50% male and Female flowering ,plant height, main ear height, leaf area , number the leaves above main ear, number of the ears, length of the ear, ear diameter, number of rows in the ear, number of the kernels in the one row, number of the kernels in the ear ,weight of 300 grains and single plant yield ).Show that hybrid (6x5) was the earliest in male and female flowering with (62.566 and 65.583) days respectively , the superiority of hybrid (4x1)plant height and number of the ears and took (182.893cm)( 1.656cm) respectively, and the superiority of hybrid(4x2) in the main ear height(78.635cm) , Hybrid (5x3) in my recipe number of leaves above the main are length of the ea (6.550) (21.083) respectively, Hybrid (2x1) recipe for a number greade beans and ear and holds the individual plant and at a rate of (43.840grain) (762.78grain) (190.587g) respectively, Cluster analysis for the parents was showed that there are two main groups in the cluster analysis, The first group included four genotypes is (1,2,7 and4) second group consisted of two groups ,The first group consists two installation (6 and 3) and secondary group included the installation of hereditare one (5).The high value of genetic diveraty was between two parents (IK8) and (OH40) (11870.75) and the least value of genetic diversity was between two parents (IK8) and (IK58) (260.43),Parents take advantage of the divergent genetically improve the local varieties through the transfer of genes in one of the superior education methods can.

This research was conducted using Augmented Experimental Design during 2015-2016 growing season in Konya and Kirkuk conditions. 17genotype materials (12 lines and 5 check genotypes of durum wheat) obtained from different sources were used by which yield and some of yield characteristic were analyzed in Turkey and Iraq locations. The durum wheat lines in this study were pure and stable.
Observations and measurements related to plant height, spike length, number of grains head, harvest index, thousand grains weight and grain yield were recorded. According to the research results, changes in the characteristics varied based on the genotype and locations. Average values observed for check durum wheat genotypes and durum wheat lines at Konya Location were 101.8 cm and 108.7 cm for plant height,6.99 cm and 8.10 cm for spike length, 51.16 pieces and 42.24 pieces for number of grains in head,50.89 g and 53.45 g for thousand grains weight, 30.63% and 23.48%for harvest indexand 3.963 ton/ha and 3.494 ton/ha for grain yield. At Kirkuk location, these average values for the check durum wheat genotypes and durum wheat lines respectively were 116.61 cm and 119.15 cm for plant height, 9.25 cm and 9.59 cm for spike length,47.31 pieces and 42.45 pieces for number of grains in head, 37.64% and 38.79%for harvest index,44.55 g and 48.49 g for thousand grains weight and 3.339 ton/ha and 3.749 ton/ha for grain yield. In general, at Konya location the check durum wheat genotypes and durum wheat lines for plant height, spike length and harvest index wear showed low level of values, either in Kirkuk there was a significant difference in values. while the thousand grain weight increased at Konya location. The number of grains in head did not show significant in both locations for durum wheat lines,while the genotypes found a significant difference compared to the location of Kirkuk .Durum wheat lines and check durum wheat genotype reactions with respect to grain yield showed difference according to the locations. While average yield of the durum wheat lines was found to be lower at the rate of 6.8% compared to Kirkuk location, average yield values for check durum wheat genotypes were found to be higher at the rate of 15.76% at Konya location compared to Kirkuk location. It was observed from the average values of the check durum wheat genotypes that Umrabi had the highest value appeared, for durum wheat lines one of the superior was AT-060had the highest value appeared as well as 060,5020-7 and Gir at Kirkuk location. Ether in location of Konya for check durum wheat genotypes was Kunduru-1149had the highest value appeared, for durum wheat lines wasAT-061 had the highest value appeared. This situation revealed that check durum wheat genotypes being different from the durum wheat lines showed positive reaction to the regions in which they were registered with respect to yield.

The Study have been arranged to identify the mainly popular agent's disease poultry which received via field consultants outside Tikrit urban during
1/1-31/12/2016.
A total 250 sick with death chickens collected 5 different fields. Diagnosis cases according to clinical times past, clinical symbols and postmortem examination while; confirmatory diagnosis via cultural media, Grams stain, biochemical examines, Lacto phenol cotton blue and ELISA.
In this study out of 120,40(33.3%) chickens were clinically diagnosing as colibacillosis, 60(50%) as Salmonella spp and 20 (16.7%) Staphylococcus aureus. In the same way, out of 90 chicken,27(30%) were diagnosed an Infectious bronchitis (IB), 25(27.8%) Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), 23 (25.6 %) Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), 8(8.9 %) as Newcastle virus and 7(7.8%) Reo virus. whilst fungi culture showed 25(62.5%) Aspergillus Fumigatus and 15 (37.5%) Candidiasis. antimicrobial susceptibility test isolated bacteria was done to establish susceptibility here.

A field study was carried out in the Diyala governorate about 50 km north of Baghdad during seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 according to the design (RCBD) of factorial experiment in three replicates to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (zero - 80 -160-240) kgN.ha-1 as urea (46%N) on grain yield and it's components for eight varieties of wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.) which are (Ibba-99, Tamuz-2, Rashed, Latifah, Abu-Ghraib, Bengal, Sham-6 and Sagittario). Nitrogen was added in three equal amounts for each level.
The results showed that grain yield and its components (spike length - number of spikes – spikelet numbers.spike-1 - number of grains.spike-1 and thousand grain weight) were significantly affected (p<0.01) by increase nitrogen levels. The highest number of spike (344.67 and 362.67) was achieved with treatment of 240 kgN.ha-1, while the highest grain yield was obtained with 160 kgN.ha-1 about (550 and 559.31) g.m-2 for both season. Also varieties showed a significant difference in grain yield and its components. The highest amount of grain yield was obtained with varieties Rashed and Sagittario (502.24 and 525.31) g.m-2 in the first season and with Rashed and Sham-6 (565.88 and 554.81) g.m-2 in second season. The interaction between varieties and nitrogen fertilization also showed a significant difference affected all the traits.

The experiment was conducted at the horticulture and garden landscape department field/college of Agriculture/ Tikrit University in Salah Alden area, at the growing season of 2016-2017, to study the effect of organic fertilizer (mushroom culture wastes composites), addition and spraying of seaweed extract (Algamex) on arugula plant (Eurica sativa Mill.) and effect of vegetative growth, yield, and active ingredient.
The experiment included 24 experimental units results of combination of experimental factors. The first factor was addition of mushroom culture wastes (composites) at a percentage of 10% calculated on experimental unit size, in addition to the control treatment (no addition). The second factor was spraying with seaweed extract with three levels in addition to the control treatment (no spraying), as followed: B1 sprayed with water only, B2 2.0 ml. liter-1 seaweed, B3 4 ml. liter-1, and B4 6 ml. liter-1 with their combinations. The experiment planned and analyzed on Randomized Complete Block Design at three replications. The results were compared used Duncan’s multi-variance at probability level of 0.05. The results were; the addition of mushroom culture waste was dominated in most of the study compared with control treatment (no addition). The spraying treatment of 6 ml. liter-1 was dominated to get the highest results of the plant height feature. The combination was significantly clear with 10% addition and spraying with 6 ml. liter-1 to give the highest values of studied features including plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, dray weight, leaf area, total yield as the means were 45.00 cm, 53.33 leaf. plant-1, 213.10 gm. Plant-1, 49.80 gm. Plant-1, 113.40 cm2, and 2.59 kg. experimental unit-1 respectively, compared with other treatments. The correlation results gave a positive correlation between the studies features. There was positive effect of the secondary production in the plant; as the combination of 0.0 composite + 4 ml. liter-1 gave a highest concentration of Resorcinol compound 0.14%. The treatment of 10% + 4 ml. liter-1 gave the highest value 0.042% of Catechol. The treatment of 10% + 0.00 gave the highest value 0.136% of Ascorbic acid.

The study was conducted to investigate the physiological effect of organic stimulators on some yield characters of yellow corn (Zea mays L.). The study was included filed experiments of two concentration of seed inoculation with gibberellic acid, (zero and 300 mg.liter-1) as well as four types of organic fertilizer: (zero, sheep manure 8 ton.ha-1, humic acid 4 ton.ha-1, the extracts of sea herbs 1 Kg.ha-1 ) and two concentration of, Amino acid( zero and 5 ml.
liter-1) on the growth parameters and of yellow corn (Zea mays L.). In this study, two filed experiments were conducted at two locations, Spring season 2015 The first experiment was conducted in Al-alam city, 15Km north of Tikrit. The second experiment was in Shwan nursery, of Kirkuk agriculture directorate, in Kirkuk. The Randomized Complete Block Design by factorial experiment with three replications, was used in the experiment. The Results demonstrate that gibberellin, of 300 mg.liter-1 concentration, exceeds control treatment in the characters of weight of one thousand grains, grains weight.pod-1, grains yield in both locations of experiments in Al-alam and Kirkuk respectively, grains extraction in both locations, pod weight, biological yield, and harvest index in Kirkuk’s. Fertilization using sheep manure caused a significant effect as all the studied characteristics exceeded the control treatment in both locations. The bilateral interaction of: ((gibberellin, of 300 mg.liter-1 concentration, and organic fertilization using 8 ton.ha-1 sheep manure) and (organic fertilization using 8ton.ha-1 sheep manure and Amino acids, of (5ml.liter-1 water) concentration)), with the tripartite interaction of ((gibberellin, of 300 mg.liter-1 concentration), and (organic fertilization using 8 ton.ha-1 sheep manure), and (Amino acids, of (5ml.liter-1 water) concentration)), both caused significant effect as all studied characters exceeded the control treatment. The interaction between gibberellin, of 300mg.liter-1 concentration, and Amino acids, of 300mg.liter-1 concentration, had significant effect as the characters of grains weight.pod-1, and the grains yield exceeded the control treatment in both locations; and as the characters of the weight of one thousand grains, grains extraction in Al-alam’s, pod weight, and the biological yield exceeded the control treatment in Kirkuk.

This study was conducted in sharqat region during the season 2013 , on some leaf shape Populus euphratica . The results indicate of the population density of insect fluctuated during this period and reached its peak the end of May 16 , 14 egg/ larva respectively with temperature 28,56 and relative humidity 42,2 % on shape ovate first generations while was less population density of insect during period the end of June and from early July on shape cordate and reniform1,1egg/ larva respectively with temperature 34,15, 33,40 and relative humidity 21, 22%.second generations reached densities of the insect its peak on shape ovate 13 , 11 egg/ larva respectively with temperature 22,41 and relative humidity 34,6% during October . while was less population density of insect during the end November on shape cordate and reniform 0 , 0egg/ larva respectively with temperature 15,45 and relative humidity 75% .The statistical analysis showed it was correlation plus with temperature and correlation negative with relative humidity the eggs while was correlation negative with relative humidity and there not correlation with temperature the larvae..

Testing the parasitic ability of different species of the biocontrol agents by the use of dual culture technique revealed high Inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum1 reached 1 followed by T.harzinum2 and 3 , T.viride ,T.ressei,Ulocladium atrum and Fusaium laterium, while T.longibrachium appeared to have weak parasitic capability which reached 4. When the pathogen S.sclerotiorum was cultured at the center of the petridish ,the isolates 1 and 2 ofT.harzianum proved to have the best inhibition ability to the pathogen by the ratio of 100% .All the tested isolated of the biocontrol agent gave high ability in producing volatile compounds, which inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen ,with the best of them was F.laterium (69.9%),there were no significant difference among the three isolates of T.harzianum compared to T.ressei and U.atrum in their production of volatile compounds. HCN production by the biocontrol agents showed high ratio of all the tested antagonists except U.atrum and T.harzianum2 .When two concentrations (30 and 50%) of the culture filterate of the antagonists were added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) , they inhibited the radial growth of the pathogen by the ratio of 100% except F.laterium which gave 23.7%. The use of slide culture technique to test the mycoparasitism of the biological agents and the pathogen ,it was noticed coiling of the hyphae around the mycelial growth and penetration of the hyphae of S.sclerotiorum.

Astudy was conducted at winter season (2014-2015) in Animal Reproduction Labs ./ College of Agriculture / University of Sulaimaniah to estimate the genetic diversity for (17) genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on molecular levels by method of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) . planted in plastic pods , after germination the leaves were cut and DNA exitract and pured , then moved on Agaros gel by using 23 randome primeras . The results showed that the 17 of these primers gave number of total bands 1327 resulted from 143 linked location, 128 of these were heterozygous allele (15 Polymorphic bands) were major allels (Monomorphic bands) . The size of multiple bands for all primeras (140-1500 bp) , While the height ralue of polymorphic information content (PIC) was between 0.7756 and 0.9226 refered for increase of ability disting shed for using the primeras . the value of Gene diversity was between 0.8028 and 0.9273 , and these high values has given idea for the range of the ability of these random primeras which used in RAPD levels for detection about genetic variance between the genotypes of wheat depending on presnse of main and hetero zygous frequency of major allele was recorded highly mean from resulted allels from linked location of two primeras OPG-10 and OPA-10 on the DNA of the genotypes (0.3529) , while the least mean was showed (0.1176) for seven of the primeras which were (OPH-11,OPG-08 ,OPG-20 , OPB-18 , OPD-20 , OPG-12 and OPF-03) . These results which were depended in the anlysis of the getic diversity for the genotypes showed thet the biggest genetic diversity was between gehan99 genotype and ZENGIRCI genotype (0.791) , while the least genetic diversity was between two genotypes (TURKMEN and Gerek ) were (0.318) . The studied genotypes were distribued in genetic dendrogram which built dependingon the results of RAPD reactions, showed that these genotypes were dendrogram to three main groups . The RAPD levels showed high ability for distinguished between studied genotypes of wheat.

This experiment was investigating the influence of different levels of Amla fruit powder supplementation on testis histology, Hatching and fertility characteristics of Japanese quail reared under hot climate(36±2.5cº).
162 males and females of the Japanese quail were used at the age of 9 weeks, divided randomly into six treatments by 18 females and 9 males each treatment of 3 replicates (six females and three males). Feed and water was ad libitum and the treatments of this study were: T1: Feed standard diet (control treatment). T2andT3 consumed standard diet supplemented with 0.25 gm/kg diet vit. C and 0.08 gm/kg diet Aspirin respectively, T4,T5 and T6 supplemented their ratio with 1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg diet Amla fruit powder respectively.
The results showed that T6 increase significantly percentage of hatchability, area and thickness of germinal layer (GA) and (GT) . while no significantly differences (P≤0.05) observed between experimental treatments in percentage of fertility, area and diameter of seminiferous tubules lumen (LD) and (LA) compared with control treatment.

This study was carried out in horticulture and land scape design departments fields- collage of agriculture- university of Kirkuk during 2016/4/1 to 2016/10/1 to study effect of organic fertilizer by Humic acid with three levels (0,50 and 100) mg.L-1 and (NAA) with three levels (0,1000 and 2000)mg.L-1 on some growth characteristics of olive seedlings Bashyki var.
The results shows significant increase in all shoot and root characteristics (height and dimeter of main stem, number of branches and leaves, leaf area, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll in leaf, height and dimeter of main root, and root dry weight ) for olive seedlings throw addition of Humic acid with the 100 mg.L-1 and NAA with 1000 mg.L-1 singular or interaction which obtained (38.45 , 0.77, 23.97, 0.91)cm and dry weight of shoots and roots (58.08 , 69.78) g . In other side the treatment with NAA 1000 mg.L-1 for height and dimeter of main stem (33.47 , 0.68 , 22.27 , 0.87)cm and shoot and root dry weight (48.38 , 50.68)g.

The field experiment is conducted in Agriculture college / Tikrit University in Agricultural season 2012-2013 to know the effect of organic nutrition solution (Azomin) (Control , 3 sprays , 6 sprays) on growth and yield of three broad bean varieties (Local , Italy , Spanish) conducted with split plot system and with three replication which the main plots are taken where the sub plot organic solution spray is taken and distributed randomized by using (R.C.B.D.) .
The results show mental increment of organic solution treatment (Azomin) three sprays in both characters of pod weight and plant yield. The Italian variety increased mentally in each of plant length and pod length. The local variety increased mentally in each pods number and plant yield, whereas the Spanish variety gave mental increment in dry matter percentage of pods. The interaction percentage showed mental increment organic solution spray treatment (Azomin) of three sprays of local variety in each of plant length character (75.80 cm) , pods number of plant (14.0 pod / plant) , pods weight (25.7642 g) and plant yield (360.70 g). The organic solution of spray treatment (Azomin) three sprays of Italian variety showed mental increment in pods length character (20.410 cm). Whereas non-spray Spanish variety increased mentally in dry matter percentage of pods (13.37%).

A factorial experiment felid was carried out in Diyala province- Baquba city during season 2014, This study tested the effect of two factors on the growth and holds the local Red Onion (Allium cepa L.). They are chicken manure in four levels (0,500,1000 and 1500) gram.m2 and agricultural sulfur in four levels (0.250.500.750)gram.m2­¹. The experience was accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments have repeated with three replications. The study concluded the following results: significant improve(P<0.05) in agricultural sulfur Especially treatment Fertilization with agricultural sulfur 750 (g.m2 ­¹) S3 in all growth traits and product for Red domestic onion compared with control treatment and there were not significant differences between the levels of added of agricultural sulfur among them, and the organic fertilization was significant improve(P<0.05) in chicken manure in all vegetative growth traits but the yield traits the treatment of chicken manure fertilization was showed improve in treatment Fertilization of poultry waste 1000(g.m2­¹ ) the character of the percentage of dry matter treatment Fertilization of poultry waste 500 (g.m2­¹ ) of bulb and yield in hectares treatment (C3). The employees treatments have recorded the highest values in all studied traits and were significant compared with control treatment but most of there were not significant between the level of employees.

This study was carried out in the station of Agricultural College / Kirkuk University at the season (2015-2016) on the Onion plant to study the effect of Nitrogen at four levels (0,60,80,100 kgN.ha-1) and add nitrogen fertilizer in urea (46% nitrogen) (NH2) CO2 on the on the first two steps after the arrival of the plant height (10cm) and the second after the first batch of three weeks and the fertilization of the first batch on 6/5/2016 and the second batch on 27/5/2016 , and Sulfur three levels (S0 without soil fumigation with sulfur ) (S1 Soil fumigation with agricultural sulfur purity94% and 1000kg.ha-1) (S2 Soil fumigation with agricultural sulfur (purity 94%) and 1000 kg.ha-1) The sulfur fertilization was added to the plants when the plants reached the height of (10 cm) and the same quantity was added to the plants and the soil in the vegetative growth stage (10 cm) high, Field of sulfur before planting for five days, the second batch of sulfur was added on 27/5/2016 in the characteristics of growth and harvest . The experiment was designed in (RCBD) with four replication , then all of the data was analysied statically and the means of the treatment were compared by multiple Duncan test at (0.05%) probability level where the F test was significant .The results summarized as follow :- Level fertilization (60kgN.h-1) was surpassed with highest values in plant height (48.217 cm) , the level of fertilization (80kgN.h-1) gave highest value in leaf area trait (72.746 cm2) , number of tuber leaves (18.469) and dry matter percentage (16.871%) the treatment which it is soil was sprayed with sulfur (1000kg.h-1) was surpassed with highest in leaf area (61.763cm3) and percentage of dry matter (16.540%) . The interaction between nitrogen fertilization and sulfur addition was significant , the treatment (80kgN.h-1 ) was distinguished which not treated with the sulfur gave highest value in plant height (50.315 cm) and percentage of dry matter (17.000%) which the treatment which fertilization by (80kgN.h-1) and sprayed it soil with the sulfur gave highest values in leaf area (78.125 cm2) . The treatment (80kgN.h-1) was surpassed in the weight of onion (57.428 gm) , onion length (11.663 cm) and total yield (7.466 ton.h-1) . fertilization by (100kgN.h-1) gave highest values in onion size (112.50 cm3) and onion diameter (5.445 cm) , also the sulfur additions had significant effects in yield trait which the addition of sulfur was surpassed as soil spray and the separation of the plant with highest values in the onion weight (53.489 gm) , onion diameter (5.329 cm) and total yield (6.954 ton.ha-1) . The treatment which not treated with the sulfur was surpassed and gave highest value in the onion length (11.215 cm) and duplication (14.563) , while the in traction had significant effect in onion yield which distinguished the treatment (80kgN.h-1) and sprayed to soil with the sulfur with highest value in onion weight (62.395 gm) , onion length (11.755 cm) and total yield (8.111 ton.ha-1) while the treatment (100kgN.h-1) which not treated) . with sulfur gave highest value in onion diameter trait (5.720 cm).

Nodes of Atropa belladonna L. produced in vitro cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of BA for multiplication, multiple shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA or IAA for rooting, also cultured Shoot tips, True leaves, Cotyledon leaves, Hypocotyle and parts of root on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D for callus initiation and differentiation. Data refers that highest shoots number 7.00 shoot/explant achieved from cultured nodes on MS medium supplemented with 0.75 ml/l BA after 8 weeks, highest shoots number 1.00 shoot/explant achieved from cultured shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 ml/l 2,4-D after 8 weeks, highest shoots number 1.00 shoot/explant obtained from True leaves cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D after 8 weeks while highest shoots number 1.00 shoot/explant achieved from cultured Cotyledon leaves on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D after 8 weeks while highest shoots number 1.00 shoot/explant achived from cultured Hypocotyle on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 ,0.5 and 0.75 mg/L 2,4-D after 8 weeks. Shoots produced in vitro rooting from cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of IBA or IAA, highest roots number 51.30 root/explant obtained from cultured shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 ml/l IBA after eight weeks, highest fresh weight of callus 2.17 were achived from culture True leaves on MS medium supplemented with 1.00 mg/L 2,4-D after 4 weeks.

This study was carried out two to know the effect of humic acide on k-feldspar minerals dissolution and release on potassium from some gypsiferous soils. Three sites of different gypsiferous soils were selected, depending on the physyografic location as flow Tikrit sites 5% Gypsum with depth (0- 10cm), aldoor sites 15% Gypsum with depth (cm 10-20) and Makhoul sites 25% Gypsum with depth (50-30cm ), Two experiments were in this study the first one studied the effect of adding humic acid with three concentrat (1%, 2%, 3%) to soils that diffrent content of gypsum (%5,%15,%25) on potassium release, the second experiment was studied the effect of adding humic acid of minerals k-feldspar dissolution and release of potassium , also calcolate the percentages of mineral structure of sand fraction for three soil samples, and i-dentify sand specially feldspar minerals before adding humic acid dypolar optcal light microscopy way coloring when the power of magnification 40x, The result show superuality aldoor soil sample (15% Gypsum) and sand sample with 3% of humic acid in the release potassium give 180.340 soil sample ppm in the sand sample amounted to 193.340 ppm .The results of the percentages of mineralgacal structure, samples of the three sand (5%, 15% and 25%) Gypsum sovereignty metal quartz and gave birth in a row (56%, 45.6%, 50.2%), followed by mineral (k -feldspar) as it overtook soil aldoor (15%) Gypsum and the ratio (36%) and followed by soil Makhoul (25%) Gypsum and gave proportion (31%), followed by soil Tikrit (5%) cast that gave the least amount (27.8%) metal k- feldspar, and the results showed the presence of metal Na- feldspar (Na-feldspar) at three levels of gypsum as soil gave Makhoul (25% gypsum) (13%) of the Na- feldspar and aldoor (15%) gypsum (12%) value convergent showed soil Tikrit (5%) Gypsum less valuable than the Na- feldspar and was (10.6%), after which the percentage of mineral components account diagnosed minerals feldspar group, which includes (K- feldspar, and Na- feldspar) and quartz way coloring by polarized light microscopy when power magnification 40X, as shown forms for samples of sand (Tikrit 5% Gypsum, aldoor 15%, and Makhoul 25%) the emergence of groups feldspar and quartz, as evidenced by the shapes emergence of K-feldspar in yellow and bright, and Na-feldspar shows White balloon Cretaceous, and quartz shows pale gray.

Twenty samples of gypsiferous soil were collected from the rhizosphere soil of different plants (wheat Triticum aestivum , barley Hordeum vulgare , Zea mays L, alfalfa Medicago sativa , Mentha pulegium L) to isolate and diagnoses the Pseudomonas bacteria from these samples, the diagnostic process was conducted based on the culture, microscopic and biochemical characteristics, as well as the diagnosis was confirmed by using device Vitek 2 compact system, the results showed that the Pseudomonas putida species scored the highest percentage ratio of the frequency reached (55%), followed by the Pseudomonas fluorescens species as a percentage reached (30%), while the species Pseudomonas aeurginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas pseudomallei gave a percentage of the frequency reached (5%) for each one of these isolates. The results of the ability of these bacteria isolates on indole acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilizing and Siderophore production, showed that the isolate KH-K13 which belong to P. fluorescens gave the highest values in production of IAA reached 9.12 5 µg/ml and phosphate solubilizing reached 2mm and production of Siderophore average, followed by P. putida (KH-K12) which gave 7.62 µg/ml , 1.86 and average respectively, then 5 µg/ml, 1.68 and average respectively for P. cepacia (KH-K20) isolate , then 3.12 µg/ml , 1.40 and average respectively for P.pseudomallei (KH-K4) isolate, while the P. aeruginosa (KH-K10) isolate was not capable of phosphate solubilizing , but is capable of IAA production reached 3.65 µg/ml and it showed a high capable for the production of Siderophore .

Three P. fluorescens isolates coding P. f12 ,P.f 14 and P.f 16 were selected in pots experiment for evaluation of their efficiency and fungicides Topsin in some Zea mays growth parameters and systemic resistance induction against the charcoal rot disease caused by M. phaseolina. The results showed the inoculation with all P. fluorescens isolates alone and with the Topsin led to a significant increase in seed germination percentage and the dry weight of root and shot system. The P. fluorescens (P.f 16) isolate with the Topsin in present of the pathogen M. phaseolina superior on the other treatment which give the best results, in which germination percentage was 93.3%, the dry weight of root and shot system were 13.38 and 3.797 g.plant-1 compared with the pathogen alone resulting in 42.2%,3.53 and 1.853 g.plant-1, respectively. The P. fluorescens (P.f 16) isolate alone or with the Topsin led to decrease in the infection severe of pathogen M. phaseolina. The interaction between the P. fluorescens (P.f 16) and Topsin in present of the pathogen M. phaseolinainducedthe systemic resistance, this treatment gives highest specific activity of the peroxidase (11.2 unit.mg protein -1) and chitinase (180 unit.mg protein -1).

This study was conducted in animal poultry wealth department fields - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, the aim of the study compared the effect of the use of emitting diode LED and fluorescent lamp and incandescent lamp on some cellular blood recipes and biochemical bird Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica was used in this study, 180 birds of age one day divided in three transactions by 60 birds per transaction and divided each transaction to 6 replications of 10 birds each repeater slaughtered six birds of each transaction at the age of 5 weeks, and the results showed no significant differences in the characteristics of the blood cell between different transactions while the results show significant increase in the ratio of total protein and globulin in the blood to males in the first treatment (LED lamp).

We used acids that are already in the body of ruminants to increase the degradation of fish meal in the rumen and using in the fattening diets. The study included five treatments: Untreated fresh fish powder, the treatment of Glacial acetic acid, the treatment of natural vinegar, the treatment of hydrochloric acid were used three concentrations of acids are 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 Molar at the rate of 1: 1 (fish w : v acid), and the fifth-treatment was the treatment of SBM used in the in-vitro digestion to compare the digestibility as dry and organic matter. We used cheap Khushani fish supplied from local markets known as Zori, Abu Chrizh. The results showed a decrease in ether extract content (P <0.01) when treated with acids and an increase in ash content (P <0.01) by power of acids in analysis of fish skeleton. Total soluble nitrogen and nitrogen as true protein were increased (P<0.01) without effected on non-protein nitrogen (NPN). As it is shown from in-vitro digestibility for fish meal treated with or without acids when substituted with soybean meal in ruminant diets significant increases (P<0.01) for in-vitro digestion of organic matter comparing with non-treated and there were no effects on dry matter digestibility.

We used acids that are already in the body of ruminants to increase the degradation of fish meal in the rumen and using in the fattening diets. The study included five treatments: Untreated fresh fish powder, the treatment of Glacial acetic acid, the treatment of natural vinegar, the treatment of hydrochloric acid were used three concentrations of acids are 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 Molar at the rate of 1: 1 (fish w : v acid), and the fifth-treatment was the treatment of SBM used in the in-vitro digestion to compare the digestibility as dry and organic matter. We used cheap Khushani fish supplied from local markets known as Zori, Abu Chrizh. The results showed a decrease in ether extract content (P <0.01) when treated with acids and an increase in ash content (P <0.01) by power of acids in analysis of fish skeleton. Total soluble nitrogen and nitrogen as true protein were increased (P<0.01) without effected on non-protein nitrogen (NPN). As it is shown from in-vitro digestibility for fish meal treated with or without acids when substituted with soybean meal in ruminant diets significant increases (P<0.01) for in-vitro digestion of organic matter comparing with non-treated and there were no effects on dry matter digestibility.

This study was designed to determine the activity of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds toward some of biochemical variables in mice with induced hyperproteinemia. The mice were distributed into three groups (10 mice per group), the first group was a control group, second group was treated with hyperproteinemia without treatment for two weeks, and third group was treated with hyperproteinemia and aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds at concentration 100 mg/kg of body weight for a period of two weeks. The results indicated that the hyperproteinemia induction in mice led to a significant increase in the levels of the total protein, urea, uric acid, triglycerides, and a significant decrease in levels of albumin, cholesterol and LDL-C, while the levels of glucose and HDL-C did not change compared with the first group (Control group). The results showed that oral administration with aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds at concentration 100 mg/kg body weight for two weeks led to a significant decrease in the levels of total protein, uric acid, triglycerides and LDL-C, while there was no significant difference in the levels of albumin, urea, glucose, cholesterol compared with the second group (Infected).

The present study was conducted during August 2015 to February 2016 at Kirkuk University laboratories to determine the effect of Oxytetracycline in rabbit kidneys, to determine the safe dose for use in the animals. Two doses were administered, one by injection of the muscle and the other by oral administration. In the study, 56 rabbits were divided into four groups, the first group was injected with distilled water, and the other three doses were administered once daily for 15 days at 5%, 20%, 50% mg / kg Of body weight) respectively. Animals were killed on different dates 7, 30 and 60 days after the end of the dosage. The results showed the presence of changes in the kidney tissue, which consisted of renal glomerular degeneration and congestion, as well as inflammation of the inflammatory cells, with the dilated of Bowman's capsule and the Desquamation of the Endothelium of the Urinary Tubules in the Kidney and their swelling, With an increase in urinary tubular degeneration due to increasing concentration of doses and duration of killing, as well as the presence of protein substances in the cavities and the occurrence of Coagulative Necrosis after 60 days.

This study is conducted at the farm of the college of Agriculture_ University of Salahddin –Erbil from 6/6/2015 until 15/9/2015.In this experience, a total Number are used 16 local lambs in age 4-5 months and in weight 27.0+ 2.00 kg. The lambs are divided randomly into four lambs according to containment of maize bran in the dry materied of bush a follows, group (1) 0% maize bran, group (2) 25% maize bran, group (3) 50% maize bran, and group (4) 75% maize bran. At the end of the experience in 98 days, all lambs are slaughter in the same day to study the characteristics of the slaughter and the aim of study is to recognize the effect of maize bran instead of barley on the growth and performance of the lambs and the characteristics of slaughters. The results are
There are no moral differences in the daily and total increase average of weight gaining of the Four treatments groups but there are mathematical differences between them as the third group got the best total and daily weight gaining and followed the second group, the fourth group less in weight. Although there were are no significant differences in the final weight, but the second group is the highest number (44.18) kg, followed by the third group (43.93) kg, then the fourth group (41.85) kg and the first group (40.00) kg. The design of the experience is being exchanging the rales 25 %, 50 and %,75% of barley by maize bran the second, third, and fourth group respectively. thus, the average of taking concentrated bush will be different. third group the highest average consumption is in the third group 1568.86gm/day followed by the 1st 1133.20 gm/day and the fourth group was in the end of 1016.39gm/day. The results of the replacement of maize bran at rates of 25%, 50 % and 75% conversion efficiency of food is as important as barley, which amounted to 8.03, 8.02, 6.38 kg dry matter / kg increase by weight, respectively, The results of carcass traits do not show absence of significant differences in warm and cold carcass and dressing percentage weight and fat kidneys and the thickness of the fat layer and fat automated analysis, but there are significant differences in the fat separated from the thigh where outperformed the first treatment, which amounted to 0.263 g, and the second transaction, which amounted to 0.145 g treatment fourth ,which amounted to 0.226 gm on the third treatment, which amounted to 0.296g .Counting results show significant differences in the vicinity of the thighs. While the results show a significant difference in the depth of the chest where it excelled fourth treatment, which amounted to 38.25 cm on the third treatment, which amounted to 36 cm and overtook third-treatment on the first treatment, which amounted to 34.75 cm. As well as the presence of significant differences between the four transactions in the chest circumference outperforming the second transaction, which in my language 78.25 cm on the third treatment, which amounted to 76.75 cm, and overtook the fourth treatment, which amounted to 76 cm on the first treatment, which amounted to 73.5 cm.

The present study was carried out at Poultry Farm belong to Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the period from 19/9/2015 to 24/10/2015.to determine the effect of adding different levels of β-Mannanase (0.00, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075 %) to the diet on productive and some physiological traits of broiler chicken. 240 broiler chicks Ross 308 were used in this study and distributed randomly to four treatments (60 chicks each treatment, 3 replicated in each treatment). Treatments were: T1 (control) without adding enzyme, the second T2, third T3 and fourth T4 adding β-Mannanase at levels (0.00, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075%) respectively.
Results showed significant increase (p≤0.05) in live body weight and accumulative weight gain during (1-35 day) for treatment 3 compared with treatment 1: Significant difference in feed intake and feed conversion between treatments, in spite of calculated improve for feed conversion in third treatment. The result also showed significant improved in dressing percentage for Treatment 3. No significant difference between treatments in concentrations of glucose, H/L ratio and PCV. Also showed significant decrease cholesterol level in treatment 3 and 4, while total protein level increased significantly in both treatments 3 and 4 .

Kojic acid (KA) one of the natural compounds existing in fermented foods produced by some species of fungi. Recently, there is more interest in KA as a natural compound and its benefits in different fields. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for KA production from the mold A. oryzae by the use of surface liquid cultures fermentation techniques. It appeared that the elongation of the incubation period more than 8 days decreased the amounts of the produced KA, and the production was also decreased if the pH were higher or lower than pH 6. The use of polysaccharides as a carbon source didn’t give high production of KA in contrast with the use of glucose and also the use of peptone as a nitrogen source didn’t give a high production of KA in contrast with the use of yeast extract. Adding of sodium citrate or sodium acetate to the production media inhibited KA production. The use of part time shaking at 150 round / mint speed for four hours a day gave high production of KA in contrast to the full time shaking mode at the same speed. From this study we conclude that the optimal conditions for highly KA production were, 8 days of fermentation period, pH 6 at 30 ˚C and at 100 g/L glucose as a carbon source, 5 g/L yeast extract as a nitrogen source, 1 g/L disodium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and with occasional shaking for four hours a day at 150 round/min, the production of KA was 57.65±0.49 g/L at this conditions.

This study includes the alcoholic extract effect of the green tea Camellia sinensis on newzealand white male rabbits infected with Entamoeba histolytica that causes Amoebic dysentery disease ,by depending on several criteria including the study of variation occurring to phagocyte coefficient and PMNs cells nourishment ,lymphatic cells,thorough active T-rosette conformation ,and bone marrow cells fission coefficient .The current study results showed insignificant decrease for nourishment of lymphatic cells and nourishment of multi-form nuclei after being treated by green tea extract 500mkml in comparison whith positive and negative control ,and increase in the rest of immunity experiments for phagocyte coefficient,thorough active T-rosette conformation,and bone marrow cells fission coefficient it is shown the current study showed ,that the potentiality of using green tea as adrug to stimulate both natural and acquired immunity aginst putrefication by amoebic dysentery disease in white rabbits.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of live cells of some Probiotic species which includes Bifidus actiregularis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii yeast. on the cholesterol levels, Triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) that cultured on modified media.
contained subculture the probiotics strains and prepared a live cells from these probiotics. As well as, the probiotics strains were inoculated to De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe-Plasma media and the Potato dextrose agar-Plasma media was inoculated with Saccharomycis boulardii yeast and incubated for 24 -48 hr. with convenient Temp,The results showed reduction in percentage of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL. However , significant increase in HDL value . The reduce percentages of cholesterol for the treatments of bacterial cells (Lb. acidophilu , Lb. casei , ، Lb. plantarum, Lb. returii، Lb.rhmanosu ,Bifidus actiregularis and Sacch.boulardii ) were 25.00، 27.93، 11.77، 13.23، 17.65، 5.88 و5.97 respectively for 24 hr and incubation periods as 29.41، 30.88، 14.70، 19.11، 22.06، 10.29 و7.45 respectively, The live bacterial cells Lb. acidophilus and Lb. casei showed priority in reducing TG during 24 & 48 hr incubation periods as (28.16 , 25.35 ( and (30.99 , 29.57 ) respectively. However, Bifidus actiregularis showed less decrease in TG as ( 5.63 , 9.86 ) for 24 & 48 hr respectively. Live cells of Lb. acidophilus showed excellence in percentage of HDL which become 40.43% during 24hr , but during 48hr Lb. casei showed priority in increasing HDL (55.33 % ) .Also both bacteria Lb. acidophilus and Lb. casei showed decrease in LDL & VLDL percentage during 24 & 48 hr incubation periods. Live cells of Lb. casei bacteria gave best results in decrease in cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL but increase in HDL percentage comparing with other probiotics used.

The study was conducted in the laboratory of graduate studies in the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit and laboratories of Education Faculty inUniversity of Kirkuk.In aimes to detecting the presence of Biogenic amines formed in 25 samples of ripping cheeses collecting from locally markets in Tikrit city.used of Liquid Chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-mass), and identification of microbial species that contaminated of samples and capable to produced biogenic amines types through laboratory cultured in chesse samples as media.As well as determining the physiological effects in Rabbits laboratories after orally injection.
Results showed that 8 cheese samples were contamination with Biogenic amine (32%). Also appear that bacterial isolates which contamination of samples and capable to produced the biogenic amines was Lactobacillusfermentum, Lab. delibricii sub. bulgaricus, Lab.brevis and Leu.mesentroides and Staph.aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Streptococcuspyogenes, Listeriamonocytogenes, Klebsiellaoxytoca.the isolates appear as most produced the concentration from biogenic amines was Leu.mesentroides.the results also show the influence of orally dosage at three concentrations of biogenic amines at 25, 10 and 50 µg/ml for laboratory rabbitswere caused a significantly (P<0.05) reduction on the value of Hemoglobin (Hb) and the total counts of (RBCs) Red Blood Corpuscular and an increase in the total count of white blood cells and lymphocytes, which offset a decline in the proportion of neutrophils at 50 µg/ml compared with values in the control group. While didn't get an effected change with the 10 and 25µg/ml. Also were decreased of total protein, albumin and increased of globulin and urea levels with increasing the concentration of biogenic amines.

The research aims to identify the Summer vegetables peasants' attitudes towards using Drip irrigation technology in Hawija province/Kirkuk governorate, to find the significant differences in the peasants' attitudes according to some personal, socio-economical and communicational factors. The research consisted of ( 300 ) peasants' which are representing ( 10%) of the total number of the peasants' Agricultural cooperative societies members at Hawija Section / Kirkuk governorate.
A questionnaire was prepared consisting of two parts, the first of which included some variables related to agriculture (age, standard of living, readiness for change, openness to civilization, exposure to information sources). The second part (65) includes a statement expressing the direction of the farmers towards drip irrigation technology.
Data collected through the personal interview then treated statistically by using statistic means such as ( Mode , Percentage , Pearson and Spearman law , t-test and Path analysis. The results showed that ( 63,6% ) of peasants' have positive attitudes towards using Drip irrigation technology , ( 6,7 % ) of them have medium attitudes , and ( 29,7% ) of them have negative attitudes towards using this technology.
The results showed a significant correlation between the tendency of farmers to use drip irrigation system according to the variables (age, social participation, standard of living, readiness for change, openness of civilization, and level of exposure to information sources). The researcher recommends increasing the extension efforts of agricultural extension workers and carrying out similar research in other areas to find out the factors affecting the adoption of modern technologies by farmers.

The research aimed at identifying the knowledge and training needs of tomato crop farmers in the field of pesticide use in Samarra district. And the order of apis of the fields descendingly according pesticide use and then to arranging according to knowledge and training need and determining the relationship between the knowledge and training needs of tomato crop farmers in the field of pesticide use and all the following independent variables:
( experience , ability to diagnose the pest , sources of information , attitude ) and to determine the regressive relationship between the knowledge and training needs for tomato crop in the field of pesticide use and the total variables studied.
The research population consisted of all the tomato crop farmers that fall within the responsibility of Agriculture section in Samarra district, distributed to three agricultural sections which are (Samarra, Tigris, Tharthar). a proportional random sample was taken of (10%) and thus the sample of the research became (150) farmers. A questionnaire was prepared to gather the data consisting of two parts the first part included a number of questions related to some of the variables of the respondents and the second part included (50) paragraphs distributed to (5) sections (preventive measures, pesticide use, pesticide storage, disposal of pesticide, and disposal of empty containers) . To measure the knowledge and training needs for farmers of tomato crops in the field of pesticides. A number of statistical methods were used to analyze the most important data (arithmetic average, Pearson simple correlation coefficient, spearman correlation coefficient, multi- stage regression and equation boric). The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents were of the low needs tend to medium, and the axis of the disposal of empty containers ranked first in the knowledge and training needs while the field of use of the pesticide came last. The results showed a correlation between knowledge and training needs and attitude. with the results also showed a significant correlation all of the following variables studied, the results showed the most influential variables in the variation in knowledge and training needs is (sources of information). The researcher concluded the need to train farmers in the section of tomato crop of pesticide use in the research section, the researcher recommends the use of extensional campaigns to train the farmers in the field of pesticide use. she also recommends focusing training on fields which showed. a great need for training.

Is the rice of summer grain crops characterized by high food and consumer importance to most citizens in Iraq , In the study estimates supply function for rice in Iraq for the period (1990 -2013) ,The research study also winning development in the acreage production and average per capita consumption and consumer price ,As well as the study of most important factors affecting the supply of rice crops , As it promised to the quantity supplied (Y) as continued , The independent factors are the cultivated area, The purchase price for the previous year for the rice crop ,the price of urea fertilizer, and water levels on the level of Iraq, time and so time series for the period (1990-2013),It was application of linear semi-Logarithmic, Logarithmic Inverse and double-Logarithmic models, the best choice to represent the function studied the relationship based on preferences in terms of statistical test and standard function to choose semi-Logarithmic function as the best function of rice crop and water levels lead to increased production, The increase in urea, it leads to decline in the supplied, It also concluded that the food gap during the period of study was the lowest level reached (-0.33) tons in 1991 and reached its peak(-1417.519) tons in 2011, And that the self-sufficiency ratio was high reached (130.740) in 1997 by the Us occupation in 2003 and then decreased rate of (3.03) where Baggett in 2003, The study recommends the establishment of the Ministry of Agriculture of different formations and ministries of irrigation electricity and oil . And to provide the elements of production of rice crop seeds, fertilizer and fuel and the share of water to reduce the cost of production, thus increasing domestic production ,and confirmation of the Ministry of Agriculture expand the production of rice crop in order to reduce the food gap of the crop.