Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

The possibility of producing furfural from black poplar (populus nigra L.), wood wastes was studied using acid hydrolysis (hydrochloric acid HCl at concentration of 13.2%) method. The extraction of tannins from the wood industry wastes (sawdust) was also investigated in this study. The results of the study showed that up to 10% of furfural and 4.07% of tannins can be obtained from wood industry wastes (sawdust) for subsequent applications and utilization in some more valued industrial uses.

The study was conducted at the horticulture station of Akra / Dohuk during the period extending from September 2012 to September 2013 to determine the impact of budding date , kinetin and IBA on the budding success percentage of peach ( Dixired cultivar ) on a seeding peach rootstocks. T-budding has conducted in two dates (11/9 and 26/9/2012 ) after soaking the buds for 5 seconds in kinetin solution (6 and 12 mg / L) or IBA (50 and 100 mg / L) or interaction treatments between the low concentrations or the high concentrations of each of the growth regulators. The results showed that the second date of budding was dominant significantly in the success percentage of budding (70.33%), and the first date in height saplings and a leaf content of chlorophyll. The second level of Kinetin increased the success rate of budding compared with all the growth regulators treatments, and the first level of the IBA in high sapling character. The highest success rate was 85.33% when budding at second date and the buds treated with second level of Kinetin , and the highest height of sapling was 158.33 cm when budding at second date and the buds treated with the first level of IBA , while the best content of chlorophyll was 36.60 SPAD when budding at the first date and the buds treated with the first level of Kinetin .

Selection index state how and which trait should be chosen.21's maize genotypes sown at the field crops stationcollege of AgricultureUniversity of Tikrit,using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to estimate genetic parameters for grain yield(x1) and it's components :ear. plant-1(x2),rows.ear-1(x3),grains.row-1(x4),500-grains weight(x5) and grain percentage(x6)as well as distinguishing superior selection index and genotype. The results showed significant differences among genotypes for grain yield,ears.plant-1,grains. row-1 and 500 grains weight. Genetical and environmental variances were closely in most studied traits, while positive highly significant genetic correlations were found between grain yield and each no.ears.plnt-1 and 500grains weight. Also no.ears.plant showed high significant correlation with 500grains weight and grain percentage. While phenotypic correlations were neglected and mostly negative except positive significant correlation between grain yield per plant and grain percentage .Low values of H2b.s. in most traits companied with moderate percentage of genetic advance(21.32 ,18.94%)in ears.plant-1 and grain yield respectively. Responses for combined selection were more important especially in ears.Plant-1and 500 grains weight that can be taken as important traits composed the superior selection index.The best genotype was (DKC6677)followed by Tauste,NK sweedish,Hay al-shemal, and Drachma as compared with the other genotypes.Predomenant genotypes can be used for improving grain yield and its components by using the best specific selection index(I125) .

The experiment carried out by three factors the first factor of seasonal culture: spring and autumn , and the second factor five types of manual pinching: singular , singular and a half , double and double twice, in addition to the control , the third factor chemical pinching, spray with Cytokinin CPPU by three concentrations (4, 6 and 8) mg/L in addition to the control. Objective of the study to know the possibility of using cultivar Scarlet Can Can in protected house is unheated to flowers production and the effect of factors , in vegetative and flowering growth of carnation , and as well as knowledge of the impact of the weekly harvest stages in the quality and specifications of some of vegetative and flowering growth of carnation. The main findings can be summarized as follows: Overtook seasonal culture in autumn on spring culture to increase high plant 38.41%, and the stem flower length 45.58% , and stem diameter flowered an increase of 40.08% , while did not show any significant differences in the number of leaves. The autumn culture gave the highest in all its flowering qualities, despite their need number of days until flowering 98.23 on more than spring culture, which took 80.23 days since excellence fresh and dry weight of stem flower and diameter of the flower, and the fresh and dry weight flower, and the weight of petals, and the number of flowers / plant and m2 and increased vase life and duration of flowering by 2.7 days and 26.05 days. Led a manual double twice pinching to negative impact on the dry weight of the flower by 16.21% compared to control as well as in the number of flowers / plant or m2, which was less than 9.99 flower / plant and 140.50 flower/m2, respectively. Led chemical Pinching by concentration 8 mg / liters of the Cytokinin CPPU to a significant decrease in stem flower length and diameter of 3.07% and 5.90%, respectively.

This Study was conducted in Plastic house at Horticulture and landscape Design dept. Agriculture college , Tikrit university from 16/9/2012 till 1/6/2013 on red carnation plant. The experiment included tree factors by using Randomized complete design .The first factor was GA3 with 0 , 50 mg.L-1 .The second was salicylic acid with 0 , 20 , 30 mg/ L-1 and the last one licorice extracts with 0 , 10 , 20 g/ L-1 . The Purpose of Study to declare the Possibility to improve carnation flowers in using GA3 ,to decrees the harm effect of temperature stress in using salicylic acid , improve flower quality knowing Licorice extract effect in high concentration which used by other researchers in flower growth , and the effect on volatile oil and its components. When the plants Sprayed with 50 mg/ L-1 GA3 there were significant increasing in height plant , fresh weight of leaves , while the plant sprayed with salicylic acid had significant increasing in plant height, leaves fresh weight with 20 mg/ L-1 .The plant sprayed with licorice extract 10 g/ L-1 caused significant increasing in dry weight and fresh weight of stems leaves . From the data appeared that high concentration of the three materials gave best fresh weight , dry weight of petals and best flower dry weight. There were no effect individually on specific characters of volatile oil represented in specific weight , volatile oil percentage , whereas noticed that using GA3 caused decreasing of vanilline , α- Pinene concentrations and increasing in Eugenol conc. while the high conc. Of salicylic acid had important role in augment conc . of vianilline & α- Pinene and the high conc. Effect on only Eugenol.

The study was conducted in the greenhouse of Horticulture & landscape Design Dept., College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit for the duration of 16/10/2012 to 01/03/2013 of Dahlia plants var Deco mix in order to study the effect of photoperiod and Paclobutrazol and Pinching in the roots and flowers dahlia planted in pots, the workers were carried out the study as an experiment and with three factors using these pots for experimental unit (R C B D) randomized complete block design with three replications and at the rate of three pots per unit experimental , And included the first factor: photoperiod The first factor in the main plot and includes four levels of lighting which is no fault of the day to 9 hours for two to four weeks and six weeks, and the second factor: Paclobutrazol add two levels and 3 mg. Liter-1 and placed in the secondary plot , and the third factor is: Pinching This factor in the development of a sub plot under two secondary and two levels without pinching and pinching, has indicated that the results shows plants growing without shortening daylight highest qualities of vegetative growth, such as high vegetative growth and plant height. Add Paclobutrazol concentration 3 mg. Liter-1 reduce the number of inflorescences gave 0.70 infloral. Pinching treatment not have a significant effect in root growth.

The experiment was conducted in a glass house Of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping in the College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, for the period from the beginning of December 2012 to the end of May 2013 In order to assess two levels of pH (5,6) of nutrient solution and Five ratios of nitrate : Ammonium ( 0:10 , 1:9, 2:8 and 3:7), as well as Distilled water treatment 0:0 on growth, yield and quality of Gerbera flowers , using randomized complete block design (RCBD). Result shows significant effect to plant growth In the nutrient solution with pH 6 on nutrient solution with pH 5 in two character for Content’s leaf of Chlorophyll and plant height. All ratios of nitrate to Ammonium were feeding area with good vegetative growth, which has agreed quality specifications in length inflorescence compared with out distilled water nitrogen, 2:8 solution at both pH 5 , 6 and 3:7 solution at pH 5 and the solution 1:9 at pH 6 .Inflorescence standard bearer lengths greater than 45 cm and longest vase live compared with 10:0 and 0:0.

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and thermal stress on the physiological ,anatomical and growth characters of three plants belonging to three families, which photosynthesis pathways different (C3,C4Pathways).The study conducted during 2011-2012 season in Laboratories of the college of Education and the fields of the college of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit .
The three plants types which adopted in the study were the Sunflower Helinthus annuus (return to Asteraceae family),flax linum usitatissimim (return to linaceae family) these plants represents to C3plant group . and Millet Pancium miliaceam (belong to Poacea family) this plant return to C4 Plant group .
Four concentrations of salinity Applied (Zero,0.5,1.0,2.0)% with three temperatures (15,25,35Co) in two experiment ,the first one is laboratory experiment and the second one was field experiments
The results were :-
1. The anatomical characters of C3plants in flounced negatively significawat with increasing salinity concentration as compared to the control treatment ,The epidermis row cells ,cortex thickness and vascular cylinder were reduced by increasing the salinity consent rations .while the salinity conc .affected on C4plant was lesser on this characters .
2. All growth characters of C4 plants not affected when salinity and temperatures rises .while these characters in C3 plants (Sun flower and flax)were signifgant negative affected .
3. The Amino acid Prolin significantly rises in C3plants leafs when salinity conc. rise and temperature reduced .
4. The Proteins biosynthesis in millet plants(C4 group)was not affected whey salinity rises and temperatures reduced.

The experiment was conducted in the fields of Al-Hawija Technical Institute/ Al-Hawija/ south west of Kirkuk on 12th April 2013. The experiment was done in a muddy mixed soil to study the features of some genetic structures of sorghum bicolor. L and evaluate its importance as genetic sources which suitable to the different systems of tillage The experiment consist of two features. The first was the depth tillage, normal tillage and zero tillage while The second factor was ten genetic structures (Inqadh,Mahali, Spain Veeto, sorghum bicolor. L , Rabih, Packestinian, Imperial, Deligrass, Hayking and Sorghum Sudanian. The experiment was done according to the sectors in split plot design. These sectors were of main sectors of cultivation , secondary sectors and triple cultivation. The results showed no difference in farming without cultivation in all growth and aggregate of sorghum bicolor. L. farming without cultivation had more growth of the plants which is (161.93 cm). leaf area during blossoming of 20 days were (343.67 and 369.23 cm) and in the growing of leaf area after blossoming was (85.36 cm/ day). The biological aggregate had (23.48 ton/h.). The genetic structures had shown differences in most of the studied characters for growth, aggregating and its contents as follows concerning aggregate. The Spain Veeto had got the supreme in the number of branches ( 9.55 bransch). The Veeto was (927.98 seeds).The Packestinian weighs (55.65 gm). per thousand seeds and the same plant had got (2.721 ton per h). The sorghum which tpe the supreme in biological cultivation which (28.56 ton). Concerning the number of seeds. The Spain Veeto was the supreme in the farming which was (1347.5). In weigh Al-Mahali was the supreme which was (60.55 gm).

To study the role of microorganisms in the solubility and availability of phosphorus from Rock phosphate and phosphate fertilizer (TSP) in calcareous soil and their effect on growth and Wheat yield. Pots factorial experiment was conducted,using SiCL sterilized soil with RCBD design. The experiment included 60 units result of combination of two treatments of mycorrhiza, two treatments of Apergillus fungus inoculums, three levels of TSP fertilizer and two levels of rock phosphate. Results showed significant increase in height plant when Mycorrhiza and Aspergillus inoculants were added which reached 4.87% , 3.37% respectively. While interaction treatments between TSP and rock phosphate gave significant increase in height plant which were 10.19% , 13.31% compared with control. Also results showed significant increases in the plant biological product in interaction treatments between Aspergillus, Mycorrhiza and phosphate fertilizer which were 17% , 73.89% , 61,10% respectively. While the interaction gave significant increases in nitrogen concentration in the plant shoot during branched stage which reached 32% , 58.69% , 25% while this increases at harvested period were 50% , 80% , 20% for the same treatments mentioned above compared with control. Also Mycorrhiza were gave significant increase in the available of phosphorus concentration in the soil which was 53.2% at branched stage while the same treatment was gave 18.72 at harvested period. Aspergillus treatment also gave an increase in the availability 0f phosphorus in the soil which were 28% and 9.5% at branched and harvested stage respectively. While the interaction between microorganisms gave active role and increases in the availability of phosphorus in the soil through two stages which were 42.72% and 82.40% at branched and harvested period respectively compared with the control which gave 5.16% and 2.4% for the two period respectively.

An experiment in pots was carried out at season of 2013-2014 to study
effect of Boron fertilizer with (0 , 3 , 6 and 9) mgB.kg-1soil levels in gypsum
different soil in it's contents of gypsum (5 , 8 , 14 and 23)% on the yield of
beet plant in plastic .pots by using (RCBD) design with three replicates . the
results showed that the highest average of dry weight of roots and leaves ,
highest content of the Boron in the roots and the leaves , highest sugar
percentage and highest yield of crude sugar in the roots were at interaction of
Boron fertilization at (6) mgB.kg-1concent-evation with the soil of (5) % of
gypsum content , were as average of dry weight of the roots was (25.60)
gm.pot-1 and for the leaves was ( 16.26) gm.pot-1 and the Boron content in the
roots (55.06) mgB.kg-1 and for the leaves was (35.26) mgB.kg-1 and the ratio
of the sugar was (15.70)% and the crude sugar yield was (16.42) gm.pot-1 with
(18.00 and 12.40) gm.pot-1 and (24.35 and 16.90) mgB.kg-1 and (11.43) % and
(8.93) gm.pot-1 respectively in the control treatment, with exceeding ratios
(42.22 and 31.12)% and (126.11 and 108.63 )% and (37.35 and 83.87) %
respectively .

This study aimed to use some soil map quality standards such as the relative homogeneity, correlation coefficient and weighted purity to determine the credibility (Soil map unit reliability)of soil map for "North Tikrit Agricultural project". the project area is located between latitudes (34o 45 ' 3 '') and (35o 44 ' 50 '') to the North and longitudes (42o 40 ' 43 '') and (43o 44 ' 4 '') in the east. Four map units represent four soil series of the project are selected and a transect line passes throughout these map units was drawn. Three locations per each soil map unit (series) were located on the transect beginning the locations of these points were determined in the field using a GPS instrument after their coordinations were derived from a corrected land sat image overlayed on the soil map of the project. twelve Pedons representing these locations were and four soil samples of each pedon represent, the following depths: exposed (0_25), (25_50), (50_75) and (75-100) cm. were collected for some chemical and physical analysis. Soil reaction (PH), (EC), (CEC), (O.M), (Gypsum), (Lime), (SAR), (ESP), (Pb) and (P.S.A), were determined and statistically processed using SPSS system. The results showed that the purity of the map units and examine the credibility (25.14%) before changing a map ,While the purity after re-separation units map (after changing the map) and by way of the proposed similarity (61.84%) This is the surveyor goal to get the highest possible purity .

The effects of three sterilization Methods (by autoclave, steam, formalin) on the number of properties to the two gypsum soils (25%, 5%) and using the Glycin Max L. as indicator plant.
This experimental study was done in plastic pots in agriculture college of Tikrit university autumn 2013.This experiment was done according to the split plot design in clouding two factors: First: Essential factor (sterilization) that reprehensive the secondary plots which including four levels (without sterilization, sterilization by autoclave, formalin and steam).Second: The secondary factor (gypsum factor) that reprehensive two soils were differ in gypsum rate (25%, 5%).8 Treatments were resulted as interfering between the treatment ; and replicated 3 times for each one ; so 24 experiment units with its replicates were result. The measurements and analytical were recorded according to the studying properties of soils samples which were taken in two stage ; firstly . before sterilization and before culturing .The second ; after sterilization and after 45 days from culturing .The results showed that following: The steam sterilization was leading to the significantly increase . in the numbers fungi , bacteria and mycoriza spoors compare with the comparative treatment .The results showed that after culturing the number of fungi and bacteria in creasing significantly compare with it's numbers before culturing .The steam treatment recorded a highly value in nutrients availability (N , P , K , Zn , Mn , Cu) compare with other sterilization methods.While the lower values in numbers of bacteria , fungi and mycoriza spors and nutrients availability ( N , P , K , Zn , Mn , Cu) were recorded with the sterilization by formalin .The sterilization by steam and autoclave were recorded a highly values and significantly increased in dry weight for vegetative and root parts , plant height and the affected rates of roots by mycoriza compare with comparative treatment.The formalin treatment was recorded lowest value in dry weight of vegetative and root parts ; affected rate and plant height. The effect of gypsum was significantly in the numbers of bacteria , fungi and mycoriza spoors and nutrients availability (N , P, K, Zn, Mn, Cu) and the dry weight of vegetative and root parts , effected rate with mycoriza and the plant height.The soil which contain a low rate of gypsum was exceed compare with the soil contains a height rate of gypsum was significantly increasing by percents 24%, 6% CFU g dry soil for fungi and bacteria before culturing , while after 45 days from culturing were 58% , 11% CFU g-1 dry soil, and 24, 13 20 , 51.52, 1 (%) for N , P , K , Zn , Mn , Cu respectively , and a 6 , 86 , 23 % for dry weight for root and vegetative part and plant height respectively.The affected rate of plant root by mycoriza fungi was recorded 69% , 64% before and after culturing respectively. The maximum values in interaction treatment of steam sterilization and gypsum (5%) , in which total number of bacteria and fungi before cultivation were 4 *106 and 2.66 *104 CFU.gm-1 soil and became 5*106 and 4*104 CFU.gm-1 after cultivation respectively. This treatment steam sterilization and gypsum 5% was also superior in numbers of mycorrhizal spors before and after cultivation resulting in 22.64 and 38.64 spore.g-1 soil ,respectively. This treatment superior on nutrients elements a viability resulting in 24.94 , 18.9 , 83.2 , 7.36 , 18.02 and 1.1 mg.kg-1 for N , P , K , Zn , Mn and Cu , respectively. This led to an increase in plant hight, shoot and root dry weight mycorrhiza infection which were 42.86 cm , 29.08 and 18.93 gm and 75.33 % respectively . While the minimum values were in formalin sterilization with gypsum (25%) in which the total number of bacteria and fungi before and after cultivation and superior in numbers of mycorrhiza spors before and after cultivation (0.33 *106) , (0.33 *104) , (1.66 *106 ) , (1.00 *104) CFU.gm-1 soil and (1.32 , 4.2) spors.gm-1 before and after cultivation ,respectively. This treatment superior on nutrients elements aviability resulting in (1.43 , 1.13 , 9.81 , 0.37 , 1.56 , 0.02 )mg.kg-1 for N , P , K , Zn , Mn and Cu respectively. This led to an increase in plant hight, shoot and root dry weight mycorrhiza infection which were (2.06 cm) , (7.51 , 3.66)gm , (5.00)% respectively.

This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of some plant extracts and factor biotic resistance Trichoderma harzianum single way or integrated with each other in reducing white mold disease on eggplant Caused by a fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiarum, where this study was conducted in two phases included the first phase of laboratory study to determine the preference of some kinds of plant extracts in reducing the spread of the disease, which was conducted in the laboratories of Pharmaceutical Samarra / Department Almaekerobailogi, while included the second phase of testing plant extracts that have proven effective in vitro study with biotic resistance factor Trichoderma harzianum individually or integrated with each other, was conducted this experiment in greenhouses of the Department of protection/ College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit agricultural season 2013-2014. Where it was noted that most of the plant extracts gave encouraging results by focusing 5000 ppm are as follows (neem extract and garlic extract and extract cauliflower and mint extract and extract onions) where outperformed the treatment of neem extract on other transactions, and by inhibition of (84.4%). Demonstrated field results conducted under the conditions of greenhouses on the crop eggplant that the treatment of garlic extract with bio-resistance factor has achieved encouraging results in reducing the incidence and severity of reaching a rate of (26.64, 5.70%), respectively, with a note no significant differences between the treatment of the extract garlic alone, which amounted to (28.86, 5.80%), respectively, the study on the characteristics of shoot and root growth showed that the treatment of garlic extract with bio-resistance factor has led to an increase in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root compared with other transactions where was wet and the dry weight of grouped shoot and root (668, 158.3, 191.3, 73.3) g, respectively.

Milk fat oxidation can made by three causes oxidation by heavy metal or by effect of UV or natural oxidation, in addition effect of processing on increase of oxidation.
Addition mixture of bran and endosperm extract(7 mg/g fat) to milk fat delay the peroxide value development in two type of fats . Sorghum endosperm elongated the incubation period on 85 ºC than maize endosperm . Sorghum bran more effect to delayed Free fatty acid and peroxide value compared with control samples.
After 28hr from incubation the peroxide value decreases from 53 and 50,52 mlm/kg to 20 about 10 h. may be partial degradation for hydro peroxide.

16 Awassi Lambs were used in this experiment, they were bought from local market aged 3-4 months and average weight of 19.98±0. 21 Kg . These lambs were divided into four groups according to their weight, each group had four lambs, then distributed the treatments randomly on groups .
In this experiment, individual feeding system was used which included two rations with different levels of pomegranate peels 0% and 4% and fed to the lambs within two ratio of concentrate 60%: roughage 40% and concentrate 40% : roughage 60% according to the body weight and for 70 days.
Statistical analysis results showed that There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the final weight(30.33kg), daily weight(144.25gmday) and total weight gain(10.19kg) for the 4% level of the pomegranate peels and the high level of concentrate fodder : roughage

In this research the consumption of Fish in salah – aldeen Governorate was analyzed, For time series and For Cross-sectional data , For time series, the per cabta consumption was considered as dependent variable while , the index price of Fish, For chicken, meat and the income per capita were considered as explanatory variable , the double log Function was chosen as the best Functions ,all the varibles showed that their influence were coordenated with the economical loqic, For coross-sectional analysis, the data were collected randomly For (400)Family, many mathematical models were applied for the relation sheps between the per capita consumption as dependent variable white per capita income as explanatory variable , the double log function was chosen as the bests according to economic and statistical crietrie , the(Koyck model) was applied too for the relationsheps between the consomption as dependent variable with the consumption lagged one year as explanatory variable , It was recommended in this research in order to increase the production of Fish in irag.to expand the agri-loans and to subsidize the prices of forag and medcin of husbandary and traine the producers on the modern ways of production of this important commodity.

The research aims to recognition the extension training needs for rural youngsters in general and in every field of home management. and find the correlation relationship between extension training needs and some of the facters. The research population included of all female second and third class students in rural intermediate schools in Talkaif District/ Nineveh ,which are(455) students ,Stratified random sample of(82) responders was selected. And the data was collected through aquestionnaire after testing its validity and reliability ,also analyzed by using means,simple correlation coefficient ,Rank correlation coefficient . The results showed that 59.259% of the respondents have medium needs and the dimension of savings occupied the first rank order while the dimension of the money use method occupied the last rank order. Also the results revealed that there were no significant correlation between extension training needs for rural youngsters each of number family members ,kind family , educational level of the fathers , educational level of mother , source family income , and the standard of living. The researcher recommended the necessity organizing training courses for rural youngsters in times of summer holidays to develop their knowled in field home management and conduct studies dealing with other variables.

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Medical Plant Research Unit - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the fall season 2011, To study two factors, one of them is spraying plants with zinc at concentrations (150,100,0) mg / L in the form of Zinc sulfate ZnSO4.7H2O and Its symbol (Z0, Z1 and Z2), while the second factor is spraying with Iron at concentrations (300, 200,0) mg / L in the form of ferrous sulfate FeSO4.7H2O and Its symbol (F0, F1, and F2) Within the design of Randomized complete blocks with three replications and an average of eight plants within the experimental unit. The results of the statistical analysis showed the superiority of the spraying treatment (Z1F2) in the characteristics of plant height, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, fresh weight of flowers and volatile oil, which reached 54.33 cm. Plant-1 138.54 g. Plant-1, 101.78 g. Plant-1 ,58.75 g/plant and 5.033 ml/100gm, respectively, and treatment Z0F2 excelled in the dry weight of vegetative growth, which amounted to 104.47 gm/plant. The treatment Z1F0 excelled in the total phenols of flowers, which amounted to 7.00 mg/gm, compared to the treatment ZoF2, which gave the least amount of volatile oil and total phenols, which amounted to 1.470 ml/100gm and 3.200mg/gm, respectively.