Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Study had been done at Tikrit University/ College of Science/ Biology Department/ Environment Laboratory, from September/2014 to June/2015 .
This study was done on carbon steel pipes and those pipes with diameter 1.75 inch were cut in to 38 pieces with a length of 20cm with nearly the same weight (The carbon steel pipes and the donor Aluminum had been measured with a balance that is so accurate up to 3 decimal fractions).Soil samples were taken from three different regions which are: Altun Kopry/ Kirkuk (Soil 1, Loamy sand), Tikrit University (Soil 2, Sandy Loam) and Al- Siniya/ Baiji/ Tikrit (Soil 3, Sand) and these three samples were taken from depth 0-50 cm.
The results showed that the highest value of electric conductivity was (28.13 ms/cm) in dry soil 3, while the lowest value was (19.19 ms/cm) in wet soil 3 . As a mean, soil texture has a significant effect on electric conductivity, whereas the highest value of electric conductivity was (23.66 ms/cm) in soil 2, while the lowest value was (20.77 ms/cm) in soil1. The highest value of organic matter was (6.216 %) in dry soil 2, while the lowest value was (2.358 %) in wet soil 3. As a mean, soil texture has a significant effect on organic matter, whereas the highest value of organic matter was (5.706 %) in soil 2, while the lowest value was (2.720 %) in soil 3.
Cathodic protection has a significant effect on decreasing corrosion rate, whereas the corrosion of protected pipe was (1.462 %) while the corrosion of the pipe buried in the same circumstances but without protection was (11.267%).
The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria caused corrosion, microbiological analysis showed that biofilm are formed as microcolonies, which subsequently caused corrosion shows the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter sp. ,and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria these three types of bacteria oxidize the iron that means it is corrosive.

A study carried out in summer 2013 in the field crop Dep.- Agri. College- Tikrit Univ., to study the effect of three plant densities (200000 , 400000 and 600000 plant / ha) and three growth stages ( jointing stage , booting stage and 50% flowering stage) on some of quality traits of two millets {Local millet (Proso millet) Panicum miliaceum and Nutrifeed (Pearl millet) Pennisetum glaucum }. The experiment designed by R.C.B.D with three replicates.
The plant density 600000 plant / ha gave high rates for crude fiber (18.16%), NDF (32.50%), while the plant density 200000plant/ha gave a high rate for DMI (3.97%).The plant density 400000 plant/ha gave a high significant value of carbohydrates (4.02%). Also the results showed that 50% of flowering stage gave surpass ADF (18.79%),crude fiber (21.08%), carbohydrates (48.37%), NDF (37.88%), lignin (3.28%).While jointing stage precede in crude protein (22.51%), Fat (1.74%), DP (68.72%), DMI (4.90%), DMD (79.07%) and booting stage recorded a high rate for Ash (16.13%).
Nutrifeed was superior significantly in crude protein (20.77%), Ash (16.18%), Fat (1.69%), DMI (4.01%), DMD (78.20%).While local variety millet registered significant value excellence in lignin (2.97%), NDF (32.41%), ADF (16.95%), DP (64.04%) and carbohydrates (47.91%)
local variety X 50% flowering interaction recorded high crude fiber percentage (21.20%) and NDF percentage (38.18%). Nutrifeed X jointing stage interaction gave a high percentage in DMI (5.51%), while local variety X booting stage gave a high percentage in lignin (3.71%).

Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) wood boards (0.8 X 10.0 X 40.0 cm dimensions) were treated with different chemicals; Aqueous solutions of Ammonia (NH3) 10%, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 1% and 5%, Urea (CH4N2O) 25%, and water (H2O) at a temperature of (21-70oC) for (1-24 hours) for bending to a desired shapes. The absorption of chemicals by boards varied with the chemical structure of the used chemicals, treatment temperature and treatment time. The highest absorption of chemicals by wood boards was with aqueous ammonia (NH3) 10%, then 5% and 1% Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), followed by Urea 25% and water. The treatment temperature increase was effective in improving the absorption of applied chemicals in the case of NH3 10% and NaOH 1%. The concentration of the chemical (NaOH) also affected the absorption; lower concentration of NaOH (1%) was better than the concentration of NaOH (5%) after one hour of treatment. The bending of wood boards to a desired shape (half circle) achieved at a satisfied level to the local market need with NH3 10%, and with NaOH (1% and 5%) to a good level. The samples treated with Urea 25% and water failed for bending.

A field experiment was conducted in Autumn season of 2013, to aim determinate the best moisture content for picking the ear of maize. The experiment was applied to compare between the varieties (Taler, Messerra, Al-eizz and Bouhouth 106). This experiment was conducted as split-plot by a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The genotypes were assigned in the main plots, the moisture ratios (26, 28, 30, 32%) were in sub plots. The statistical analysis for the experiment resulted to be significant differences in all studied traits by genotypes in the experiment. Taller was surpassed in the ear weight (260.7g) , trash materials ratio threshing (14.37%), oil ratio (9.40%) , embryo to the seed ratio (65.25 %) and field growing ratio (94.8%) . Bouhouth 106 was surpassed in 300 grains weight (291g) and protein ratio (10.42%). Al-eizz was surpassed in the starch ratio (32.04%).The results showed significant difference for moisture content for ears at the harvest in most studied traits. The lowest moisture content (26%) gave highest ratio of not broken (good) seeds (92.78%) and highest ratio of trash materials (7.22%) and gave heights oil ratio (7.08%), protein ratio (9.22%) and filed growing ratio (92.7%). The harvested ears were gave at higher moisture content 32% gave highest bulk density (808.1 kg.m-3) and highest trash materials ratio (7.22%), and it gave lowest good broken seeds after threshing mechanically (85.09%), oil ratio (6.35%), protein ratio (9.22%) and filed growing ratio (89.4%).

Seven bread wheat varieties (IPA 95, IPA 99, Abu Graib3, Fatih, Tahady and Taka1) were used in half diallel cross to develop 15 single hybrids. Parents and their hybrids were sown through 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons at Baladroz and Mandely (Dyala Governorate), in each season using randomized complete block design with three replications. Graphic analysis, component of phenotypic variation and narrow sense heritability were estimated for characters: plant height, spike length, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant. The combined analysis of variance results showed that mean square for environments and genotypes was highly significant for all characters, and the genotype x environment interaction was not significant for all characters except 1000 grain weight. Additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) genetic variance components were significant from zero for all characters except 1000 grain weight at Baladroz 2010 for H1, with larger importance of additive genetic variance for plant height, spike length and 1000 grain weight at Baladroz 2009, and there were evidence of presence of epistasis for grain yield per plant (as average of environments) and 1000 grain weight at Mandely 2009, through the close values of H1 and H2 and also the value of H2/4H1 which close to 0.25, and for the same reason the distribution of dominant and recessive genes in parents was symmetric for these two characters and Asymmetric for others. Graphical representation Wr/Vr demonstrated the presence of partial dominance for all characters as the regression line cut Wr axis above the origin point. The narrow sense heritability (as average of environments) was high for plant height, spike length, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, and moderate for grain yield per plant, while for 1000 grain weight, it was high at Baladroz 2009 and Mandely 2010, moderate at Mandely 2009 and low at Baladroz 2010.

A pots experiment conducted in the experimental field of Horticulture Department, Collage of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, between September 2007 to June 2008 on carnation cultivars Jeanne Dionis Blano (white flowers) and Marie Chabaud Jaune (yellow flower), to investtigated the effect of potassium fertilization by using potassium sulfate K2SO4 at (zero and 1.5 and 3.0) gm. pot-1, interaction with spraying three concentrations of boron (zero, 20 and 40)mg. L-1 on second flowers yield, by using Split Plot within Randomized Complete Block Design. With three replicated and three pots for experiment unit. The results showed that superiority of the Marie Chabaud Jaune on Jeanne Dionis Blano in number of flowers and the length of steam flower gave the 6.34 flower. Plant-1 and 40.6 cm length steam flower, potassium fertilization 3 gm.pot-1 gave highest flower diameter at 4.13 cm, the treatment of spraying boron 40 mg.L-1 caused significant increase in the number of flowers to cultivar Jeanne Dionis Blano. Treatment Interaction between the Marie Chabaud Jaune and potassium fertilization 3 gm. pot-1 and without spraying boron gave highest flower diameter 4.43 cm.

The experiment was carried out in Horticulture and landscape field - Agriculture College - Tikrit University in 2013, to study the effect of floratone and spraying dates on some vegetative growth, flowering and fruit set to two varieties of olive ( Bashiqa and Manzanello ). The experiment included three factors, the first: variety, second: three concentrations of floratone ( 0, 15 and 30g.100 L-1), and third: two dates of foliar spray ( 10/3 and 15/3 ). The treatments arranged as a split – split-plot in RCBD Design . Data analyzed statistically and means compared with multiple Duncan's test at 5% level.
The results were summarized as followed:
1- manzanello variety had superiority in leaf area, total chlorophyll, leaves dry matter (%), florescence's number/ shoot and fruit set percentage.
2- Floratone treatment (30 g.100 L-1) dominant significantly in leaf area, total chlorophyll, florescence's number/shoot .
3- The first spray date significantly dominant in leaf's area, fruit set (%),while the second date had a highest values of leaves dry matter, florescence's number/shoot.

A study was conducted in the Pomegranate orchard at Ramadi cityAnbar province during the growing season 2013, to understand the effect of organic fertilizers (Cattle and Pigeon manure) and its interactions with the bread yeast (Sacchromyce cervisiae) on some vegetative growth of two pomegranate cultivars Salimi and Wonderful. Homogenous trees have been selected at age of two years with on 4x4 m planting distance. The Cattle and Pigeon manures were added in the middle of January, while the yeast suspension was added at the three times ( middle of February, at the flowering and four weeks after the second time ). A factorial experiment with three replicates was carried out in a split plot design, using one tree for each experimental unit . Results showed that the organic fertilizers as added alone or combined with the yeast suspension affected significantly in all of vegetative growth traits. The T9 treatment (4 kg.tree-1 cattle manure + 20 gm.l-1 yeast suspension) was gave the best percentages in leaves dry matter and leaf area reached 56.81% and 7.67cm2, respectively. Followed by T7 treatment (4 kg.tree-1 pigeon manure + 20 gm.l-1 yeast suspension) in the positive effects as it achieved high positive effects for plant high , dry matter percentage in branches and chlorophyll content in leaves reached 41.8 cm , 68.19% and 58.63 spad. The two pomegranate cultivars difference significantly in some of the vegetative growth traits, and Salimi cultivar gave the higher value for length of new branches, On the other hand wonderful cultivar achieved highest value for the traits plant height, leaves dry matter percentage.

Pot experiments using T.harzianum and the Vydate that compatible with it for control of Wheat galls disease on wheat cultivar Sham 6 were achieved.The results showed all the rate of solid and filtrate bioagent T.harzianum lead to earlier seeds germination and increase in germination percentages as well as superior on vegetative and reproductive features with reduction in infection features and increase in some systemic resistance markers. The lowest germination period was 8.5 days after cultivation while highest germination percentage was 85% at the 0.3% of solid T.harzianum inoculum,compared to 11 days and 76,66% in control, respectively.In the same T.harzianum rate (0.3%),maximum plant length was 55.83 cm plant-1 .In Vydate treatment all plants were died, while in T.harzianum (0.3%) + Vydate ,highest tillers number and leaf area were 5.53 tillers plant-1 and 29.06 cm, respectively. Although there is no any infection percentage in all rates of T.harzianum with vydate, highest yield was recorded in present of only T.harzianum,maximum grains number and 1000 grains weight at 0.3% of solid T.harzianum inoculum resulting in 40.33 grains spikes-1 and 40.8 gm, compared to 13.66 grains spikes-1 and 26.4 gm in control. All T.harzianum treatment (without vydate) showed a significant increase in peroxidase, Chitinase and lipase compared to control while T.harzianum treatment (with vydate) showed a significant increase in peroxidase and Chitinase , maximum peroxidase was 18.0 unit/ml in T.harzianum filtrate 0>6%+vydate while highest chitinase and lipase activities were 0.209 and 5.25 unit/ml in T.harzianum(0.2%), respectively.

Field study carried out on three climbing bean varieties under unheated plastic house conditions to determine the biotic and abiotic mortality factors that affected on the population density of bean leafminers Liriomyza sativae and to determine the most responsible factor in changing of its population density ( k – factor) through the construction of the monthly complete life tables. The study showed variations in mortality percentages of the different insect stages during the growing season of bean which were due to factors unviability of eggs, parasitism and predation and unknown causes and adult mortality, photoperiod, adult mortality was the most responsible factor in causing mortality of normal females , the relative contribution to total mortality for normal females (K- value) ranked first and which ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 as compared with the other mortality factors which K values amounted to less than 0.1, the results showed that the highest mortality percentage of adults were in the Derme variety amounted to 95.11%, followed by Mesale variety (93.97 %) while the lowest mortality percentage was in the Yagmur variety (92.13%). Trend Indices were 1.52 and 1.14 in Mesale and Yagmur cultivars respectively ,which indicated to an increase in the density of the insect in January month, while in Derme cultivar was 0.93, which indicated to decline in insect population on it..

The effectiveness of Bio-formula of bacteria Bacillus subtillus and extract a paste of neem and pesticide Kabrosat and interoperability with each other to resist disease soft rot on potato crop laboratory and field addition to sensitivity test three varieties of potatoes (Burin, Rudolph, Rvera). Laboratory results showed positive signs to inhibition bacteria E. carotovora carotovora diamete bacteria was causal with Bio-formula 3.60 mm while it was 14.34 mm in the control treatment and amounted to diamete inhibition of pesticide Kprosat and neem extract (16.86, 13.43) mm sequentially . With regard to the field experience has excelled treatment (Bio-formula + extract a paste of neem + pesticide kprosat) on other transactions have incidence in this transaction in the category amounted to Rudolph and Rvera and Burin 13.25%, 17.67%, 18.58%, respectively, compared to the treatment of the infected control, which amounted to in the category Rudolph and Class Rvera and Class Burin 52.27%, 66.45%, 70.39%, respectively, and reached the severity of injury in the same treatment in the category Rudolph and Rvera and Burin, 0.170, 0.150, 0.116, respectively, in comparison with control, which amounted in the category Rudolph and Rvera and Burin 0.516, 0.46, 0.34 respectively as well as the superiority of class Rudolph on other cultivars and led transactions used in disease resistance to raising the standards of growth and moral superiority when compared with the treatment of the infected control.

This study was conducted on 10 Awassi ewes (3 -4 aged) lambed in winter season ( January) and another 10 ewes lambed in spring season (March) to determine the effect of season and stage of lactation on daily milk yield, milk components and udder health state, ewes reared on concentrate ration (1.5 kg DM/ ewes) in addition to grazing 3 hrs. daily. Milk samples were collected at the end of 2nd ,6th ,10th and 14th week after lambing (which represent the stage 1, 2, 3 and 4) and examined to measure milk components and somatic cell counts (SSC). Results showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in daily milk yield (DMY), fat ( F ), protein (P) and solid nonfat components (SNF) % in spring season , also a significant increase in DMY at 1st , F% and P% at 4th and SNF% at 3rd stage of milking period. The results also showed that the highest interaction effect on DMY and F% at 1st stage, P% at 2nd and 4th stages and SNF% at 3rd stage in spring season, also SSC significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased with 3 and 2 subclinical infection of mastitis in winter and spring respectively, SCC increased significantly at 4th stage with 2 and 3 infection at 3rd and 4th respectively, also the highest interaction of SCC was at 4th stage in winter. There is a significant negative correlation between DMY and milk components excepting lactose% in two seasons and positive correlation between F, P, SNF and SCC, and between SNF and SCC. In general this study revealed that a higher DMY recorded at 1st stage in spring season, some of milk components increased with the increase of SCC.

24 Awassi Lambs were used in this experiment with age range 4-5 months . lambs were distributed in six groups according to their weight, each group had four lambs, then distributed the treatments randomly on groups . This experiment included treatment with urea- dates dibis blocks and lambs submitted to three levels of concentrate on the basis of live body weight, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% The experiment lasted for 84 days. The results showed that there were not significant differences before lambs fed urea _ dates dibis blocks and the group without blocks in all traits.The highest increase noted in the lambs were fed on 3.5% concentrate compared with those fed at 2.5 and 1.5% in all attributes except the neck and spleen weight. when lambs level of 3.5% feed center with / without cubes compared to the other groups. While the results show that the neck and spleen weight was not significantly affected by the result of an increased level of feed position in regard to the impact of urea – dates dibis Blocks given to the lambs.

This study was aiming studded adding different levels of aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel plant on some physiological treats of broiler, we used 120 one day old Ross- 308 unsexed broiler which divided randomly to four treatment by (30) chick per treatment with three replicates as following:
First treatment (control group) birds feed with standard diet plus normal water. Second, third and fourth treatments birds feed with standard diet plus water with( 0.25%,0.50%and 1 )of aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel plant respectively , to study the effect of above different levels on productive and physiological performance for broiler chickens. In regarding to blood physiological treats appear low in total red blood cells(RBC) , packed cells volume(PCV)and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with Aloe vera treatment ,whereas , there was significantly increasing in (MCHC) and total (WBC).
As to blood biochemical treats the treatment showed significantly decrease of glucose and albumin concentration. But there was no significant differences in concentration of total protein, globulin, cholesterol and uric acid

This study was designed in order to know the external and internal parasites that infect domestic fowl Barred strain in the villages of the city of Sharqat Salah Al-Deen province. Were used in the study, ) 85( chickens home from the local species in the city of Sharqat at age 1-2 years . Study results showed the presence of ten species of parasites collected from the gut and feathers. The parasites which found in the gut as follows : with the prevalence of infection with parasites of local chickens were Ascaridia galli (52.9%), Heterakis gallinarum (30.5%), Capillaria obsignata(7%), Raillietina tetragona (29.4%), Choanotaenia infundibulum ( 11.7%) and Eimeria spp (10.5%); Feathers : Menopon gallinae (27.05%), Dermanyssus gallinae (10.5%) , Menacanthus stramineus and (18.8 %) , and one type of soft ticks Argas persicus by injury (8.2%). concluded from this study that the rate of injury, domestic fowl parasites amounted to 80% of the total chicken prepared for the study , where the percentage incidence of internal parasites 48 % and the incidence of external parasites was 12% , while the incidence was 20% mixed .

The chemical composition, physical characteristics and chips processing, for four potato cultivars available locally Santé (S), Courage (C), Laperla (L), Marfona (M) were studied. It had been observed that there were significant differences in moisture percentage; the high moisture was in cultivar M which reached 75.202%. Result showed height content of total solids cultivar C, amounting to 26.495%. Also, it was noticed that cultivars C, L were highly significantly in TSS, reaching 7.200, 7.400%, respectively, protein content decreased significantly in cultivar L, which amounted to 2.100% compared with other varieties. Cultivar M showed high content of fat amounting to 0.199% compared with others. High and lower content of fibers was noticed at Cultivars M and L, respectively. Results reached increasing of ash content to cultivars S, C. Total carbohydrates, were increased significantly C, L cultivars which reached 22.797, 22.722% respectively. The high value of pH was observed at cultivar M reached 6.007. The highest hardness was observed in cultivar L which reached 4364.833 g/cm2. Cultivars S, C had the higher specific gravity significantly they amounted to 1.063, 1.066 respectively. There were significant differences in percentages of potato chips moisture ranged from 1.090-2.055%. The largest amount of oil was noticed in chips of cultivar S amounted to 28.775%. The highest amount of ash was in chips of cultivar M which reached 1.935%, The highest amount of Sodium chloride was in chips of cultivar S which reached 0.909%. Values of peroxide, free fatty acids and acid value were increased in chips of cultivar M. Sensory evaluation of potato chips showed no significant differences among varieties S, C, M. These results referred to the possibility to use potato varieties S, C, M to produce chips with great success, and to a lesser extent for cultivar L.

The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Food Science Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, in order to determine the effect of oral administration with 10 and 20 mg/kg from Acrylamide with drinking water on growth and biochemical parameters in laboratory rats after 21 days. The results showed when adding the Acrylamide at 10 and 20 mg/kg with drinking water caused in significant reduction (P<0.05) in the body weight at (– 5.17 , - 9.53) g , total protein, albumin, and globulin of animals with increasing the concentration of Acrylamide, (4.92 , 4.58) (3.22 , 2.98) (1.70 , 1.60) g / dl respectivly. While the values of uric acid, creatinine and urea was increased at (2.66 , 3.01) (1.33 , 2.98) (31 , 36) mg /dl. respectily, further the activity of enzyme ALP, ALT and AST were significantly increased with increased of Acrylamide concentrations (34 , 46) (47 , 60) (157 , 174) UI/L. It also found that the addition of Acrylamide led to increased the total counts of pathogenic bacteria and decreased the total counts of lactic acid bacteria in animals intestinal.
The addition of two types of lactic acid bacteria Lb. casei and Lb. acidophilus led to decreasing the negative effect of Acrylamide on the values of all the parameters determined.

This study was carried out evaluate the effect of several heat treatments on the properties of chemical and physical of camel milk during different periods of storage. Milk samples were divided into five treatments, these treatments from the first to the fifth were stored at ambient temperature, refrigerator, freezing, pasteurization and stored in the refrigerator, and the fifth treatment sterilized and stored refrigerator, respectively, Tests conducted on milk in time zero and then every three to seven days. The results shown that milk fat significant increased after sterilizing milk as amounted rate 2‚82% compared with raw milk, which was 2,75% and the resulting sample storage at room temperature to obtain a reduction in milk fat content compared with the beginning of storage, as well as the rise in the proportion of earned protein after pasteurization and sterilization of milk as amounted rate 2,95 and 3,07%, respectively, compared with the raw milk sample, also increase incidence in the ratio after storage in ambient temperature. Results also shown that the lactose content of camel milk increase after pasteurization of milk as amounted rate 4,57% compared with the raw milk sample, which was 4,48% while, sterilized milk resulted to lower the proportion of lactose and the cause of storage at ambient temperature in the refrigeration to for significant decrease. Values (pH) increased after the pasteurization of milk, but decreased after sterilization of milk and also decrease in the value (pH) after milk storage in ambient temperature and refrigeration. While, the total acidity decreased after pasteurization milk, but increased after the sterilization of milk and increase in total acidity after stored in ambient temperature and refrigerated.

This study involve separation of lactoferrin from bovine colostrum usingDEAE-Celluloseion exchanger.The optimum pH for the isolation is 8.5 ,standard lactoferrin has given three peaks in the recovery stage and did not show any peak in the washing stage, the first three days of lactation was Characterized that contain highest proportion of lactoferrin, where 93.789% and 88.073% and 60.564% for the first day and the second and third, respectively, compared with the fourth day, fifth, sixth and seventh, which was theratio 37.019% and 30.392% and 30.436% and 47.380%, respectively.lactoferrin was isolated and purified from sweet and sour whey using ion exchanger DEAE-celelluose, the proportion of protein in whey sweet 91.866% and 77.859% in the whey acid,and when using Sephadex G-100 gel the standard lactoferrinandsweet and acid whey with its tow peaks was given one peak,.The molecular weight was determine where was 79.79KDa for standard lactoferrin and lactoferrin purified from sweet and acid whey.

The research targeted to study a level application of breeders broiler chickens in the district of Tikrit | Salaaddin province scientific recommendations in the Field of breeding broiler chickens. The research involved all producer the fields of breeding chickens . The questionnaire to was prepared to collect the data, the objectives of research is composed of two parts, the first part have some special factors producers , while the second part have ( 43 ) scientific recommendation in ( education ,nutrition, administration, health care ) Several statistical methods used to analyze data such as (range, main and regression analysis )
The results showed that the application of scientific recommendations was average tends to fall , also show that the field of education ranked is first in the application level with an average of $ (44.125) .The field of administration occupied the last place with an average of $ (33.5). The results of the regression analysis showed that age more factors impact on the application level. The is recommends to increased agricultural extension activities and to define of modern breeders recommendations, d training on how to apply them, also recommends providing peur chicks from reliable sources and to provide vaccines and fodder for producer.

In this research the individual demand for potato crop in Iraq analysis having taken time series for the duration of data (1990 - 2010) was to identify and analyze the factors affecting the potato crop consumption, has also been taking a random sample of 400 families in the district of Tikrit were then divided into urban and rural vested and were also divided society with low and middle-income and high for the study of the relationship between consumption and income has been shown through the economic analysis of the results of analysis that values and signals parameters were in line with economic logic, were all of the income elasticity and price and cross account and found elasticities values that Item necessary and a good alternative to rice crop, as was predicted demand for individual years (2015- 2022) and is forecast to rise in per capita consumption of potatoes rate as it is expected to reach in 2022 to (32.51) kg per year.

The study aims to specify the scientific and extensional requirements in all the fields of growing hybrid corn in Kirkuk province, it will also try to specify the typical circumstance and factor that can support a healthy growth for hybrid corn such as (species, circumstance, blights, growth factors, harvest care of yield, marketing). The study will also try to limit the relationship between corn yield farmers and extension requirement one the one hard, and the following variables (age, education, ownership, size of corn fields, annual corn yield income, other source of income, hybrid corn yield cropping experience, production rate per-donum, source of hybrid corn cropping) on the other, it will identify the problems that encounter the hybrid corn yield farmers in Kirkuk province.
The study was applied to (135) farmer that were chosen randomly who from (10%) of hybrid corn yield farmers. To implement the study, we were used a questionnaire of three main parts was conducted the first part was devoted to gather data about the personal skills of the farmers, economical factors and communication. the second part is a test about seven aspects of cropping hybrid corn. The third part deals with the major problems which encounter the farmers. The finding proved that the extensional requirements of the farmers is moderate and tend to raise.
The study also finds that there is a negative relationship between the extensional and scientific requirements and the following factors (age, education, ownership, size of corn fields, annual corn yield income, other source of income, hybrid corn yield cropping experience, production rate per-donum, source of hybrid corn cropping), it also shows that’s the size of the land of cropping does not from a problem for the farmers.

This experiment was conducted in the Field Crops Dept., College of
Agriculture , University of Tikrit , during 2012 – 2013 season . Using split
plot design with six varieties ( Tamo Z 2 , Tamo Z 3 , IPA 95 , IPA 99 , Abu
Ghraib 3 & Al-Rashed ) as subplots & three seeding rates (80 , 160 and 240)
Kg / ha as main plots with three replicates were used to determine the most
important characters which can be used as effective selection criteria for
grain yield improvement . phenotypic , & other components characters were
determined : flag leaf area , plant height , number of spikes / m2 , number of
grains / spike & 1000 grain weight . Path coefficient analysis carried out to
partition the phenotypic& genotypic correlation coefficients to direct&
indirect effects .
The results showed that number of spikes /m2height correlated with
grain yield for all seeding rates . Path coefficient analysis indicated that
number of spikes / m2 have the most positive direct effect on the yield for all
seeding rates , so the number of spikes /m2 character can be used as a
selection criteria for grain yield in bread wheat.

The study included two ways , first evaluate of twenty four genotypes
performance of Barley ( Eighteen in produced genotypes which are advanced
lines from selection program by method of pedigree in isolated filialles for
crosses introduced from (ICARDA) with six local varieties Shuaa , Boraq ,
Emal , Samir , Warkaa and Al- khair) , obtained from Ministry of Science and
Technolog- Salahaldeen province , to know its stability in way of cultivate it in
three tillage system (Deep moderate and without tillage) in tow locations , first
in one farmers field in Tuz location , the second in field crops station-college
of Agriculture . Tikrit University in 2013-2014 season used (RCBD)
Randomized Complete Block Design in split plots system , the main plots
were Tillage and the sub plots were the genotypes with three replicates . Study
of traits, duration from planting till flowering , plant height , flag leaf area ,
number of Spikes/m2, number of grains in the spike , weight of 1000 grains
yield and biological yield . effect of system tillage distinguished deep
moderate in tow trait number of grains in the spike and biological yield and without tillage in flag leaf area and weigh of 1000 grains yield and no tillage in
number of grains in the spike and no significant differences between tillage
system of some traits . the genotype (JH20) was distinguished in duration to
flowering traits (103.39 day) and the genotype (warkaa) in two traits plant
height traits and leaf area (102.60cm and 31.21cm2)respectively and the
genotype (JH05) in trait of weight of 1000 grains (56.59gm), and the genotype
(JH15) in trait number of grains in the spike (378.94gm) and the genotype
(JH21) in two traits of grain yield and biological yield (5558.03 and 15209
kg/h) respectively , of effect locations was distinguished Toz location of all
traits on the Tikrit location , and the interaction significant of all traits .