Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

Study the effect of bread preparation stages on the activity of salivary amylase inhibitors, Proved a decrease in the inhibition activity in the process of preparing the dough and first period fermented dough with an increase in efficiency in the stage of second period fermented dough and output bread, with the percentage of inhibition 31.59% , 27.76% , 25.37% ,37.43% and 48.81% respectively, this result shows an increase in the percentage of inhibition in the bread of 17%. Heating extracts prepared from the different stages samples at 70˚ C for 30 minutes showed keeping the same inhibition percentage reaching 48.26% , 45.48% , 46.73% and 49.5% for samples of flour and dough and first period fermented dough and second period fermented dough, respectively but the bread was observed keeping a percentage of 44.03% of the potency and this represents 91.23% of the existing native potency in the flour.

شملت الدراسة أربعة أنواع من الأسماك الشائعة في السوق المحلية في محافظة صلاح الدين/تكريت وللمدة من 30 تموز 2008 ولغاية 30 حزيران 2009 وهي كل من سمكة الشبوط Shabbout(Barbus grypus) (Heckel, 1843) ،و الكطان Gattan(Barbus xanthopterus) (Heckel, 1843) ، والكارب Carp (Cyprinus carpio)L،و البنيBunni(Barbus sharpeyi) وكانت أوزان الأسماك بين (300 - 1500)غم . استعملت اربع طرائق طبخ مختلفة مع هذه الأسماك ، هي الشيّ والقلي والمرق والطبخ بواسطة المايكرويف . أظهرت نتائج التقييم الحسي ان سمكة الكارب حصلت على أعلى الدرجات بالنسبة للقوام بطريقتي الطبخ بالقلي والطبخ بالمرق.
أشرت أسماك الكطان الى أعلى درجة طراوة بطريقة الطبخ بواسطة القلي . و أعلى درجة عصيرية في لحوم أسماك الكارب بطريقة الشي ، و حصلت أسماك الكارب على أعلى درجات النكهة بواسطة الطبخ بطريقتي الشي والمرق ، أما القبول العام فقد حصلت أسماك الكارب على أعلى درجة والمطبوخة بطريقة الشي.

The study was conducted in the time period between the month of November 2009 and January 2010 for the males of laboratory mice, white-type Mus musculus strain Balb/c, to indicate the role of olive oil in the inhibition of the toxic effect of the genetic material by chloroform.
The results showed changes chromosomal structure of moral was broken chromatid and centromere as well as changes chromosomal numerical full of mice injected with chloroform and concentration 0.035 and 0.070 mg / 25 gm of body weight compared with the control group and when (P<0.01), and the results showed that high concentration of Chloroform was more influential and was significant in the induction of chromosomal changes, compared with the low concentration (P<0.05).
The other hand, the results showed the ability of olive oil on the reduction of moral proportion changes aberrations both types of structural and numerical, which induced formation of chloroform at a level (p<0.01). As well as the results showed that animals given olive oil for 8 days after being injected with chloroform the percentage of inhibition in the aberrations which significantly higher proportion of inhibition of chromosomal aberrations of animals that were given olive oil for 4 days after being injected with chloroform and at a level (p <0.01).

Four varieties in field pea viz, (1-Ariare , 2-Nisere , 3-Marike and 4-Messire) were used in a complete diallel Crosses, during growing season 2008/2009. Genotypes (parents and F1s hybrids) were sowing in the Field Crop Dept., College of Agriculture and forestry , Mosul University , during growing season 2009/2010 , by using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications , aimed to evaluate performance of hybrids and their parents to identify promising hybrids and estimate heterosis , gene action , heritability , phenotypic and genotypic correlation for studied characters.
The results showed that the parents and F1s were significantly different for all studied characters , the parent (Messire) was significantly higher than what for green pods yield (567.000 kg/D) , and the parent (Nisere) for the seed yield and biological yield (210.290 and 1426.700 kg/D) respectively. Whereas the hybrid (3x1) was characterized by the highest for green pods yield (986.900 kg/D) , and the hybrid (4x3) for the seed yield and biological yield (267.190 and 1943.600 kg/D) respectively. The hybrids showed significant superiority over parents means for all the studied characters , the hybrid (3x1) was significantly higher than other for heterosis in green pods yield (458.075 kg/D) , seed yield (91.245 kg/D) and biological yield (701.955 kg/D). A significant additive variance were found for all studied characters except plant height , no. of branches per plant , no. of pods per plant and green pods yield. Narrow sense heritability was higher for: pod length and 100 seed weight which indicated additive gene action for these characters. Average degree of dominance was greater than one for all studied characters indicated over dominance control for these characters. The higher phenotypic and genotypic correlations was found between no. of days to flowering and maturity (0.869 and 0.903) respectively , the genotypic correlation was higher than phenotypic correlation for most studied characters , which assures that the gene action plays the main role in these characters and enables the vegetables growers to depending on it in selecting the hereditary structure of high production from the field pea

To aim of estimation the general and specific combining abilities in sunflower , selected (18) inbred lines (S8) male fertile , which was planting by alternative with three female lines ( male cytoplasmic sterility to produced (54) F1s seed , by using factorial mating design. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The results showed significant difference among the male lines , female lines and the interaction between male x female for all character . The female (IF-CmsI) and male lines (IF-R6) showed highest positive GCA effect for grain yield (9.42) and (15.29) respectively and yield component for the other traits .
The hybrids (IF-R6 X IF-Cms2) , (IF-R9 X IF-Cms2) and (IF-R13 X IF-Cms3) appeared superior significant positive SCA effect for seed yield to reach (19.07 , 21.24 and 20.3) respectively .and the yield component for other character . The largest proportional contribution of male and female lines presented for most of traits which was indicating the predominate role of additive component control for inheritance this characters excepted number of leaf / plant which was male X female interaction exhibited the greatest contribution , suggesting the presence of non-additive genes effect .
Key world: GCA, SCA. Sunflower

Implemented a field experiment in the agricultural season 2007-2008 at the Agricultural Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, to study the effect of the number of irrigations supplementary added to the seven varieties of wheat in recipes-sum and its components used the experience of a global two factors Varieties (Ezz, Iraq, soft, door29 Latifiya, Aranom, July) in the sub plot , while the treatments were supplemental irrigation (Demi, Retin complementary three supplementary irrigations) in the main conducted wheth split – plot design.the treatment of supplementary irrigation with three irrigations complementary should significant increase in spike length / cm and weight of spike cloud and weight of kernels / g and the number of grains / spike and weight of one thousand seeds / g and holds a grain kg acres and the increase was 17.5%, 31.4%, 34.5%, 27.6, respectively as compared to the treatment was not given the state of Hiroshima complementary (comparison) the results indicate to the rights of a row of Iraq in spike length (7.63 cm) and class and the session / 29 by weight spike (200 g) and weight of grains / spike (1068 g), and class Aranom average number of seed (36), the class of Alnaaomi and the weight of one thousand seed (136.43 g) and type of Latifiya, in sum total (575.36 kg / sq.m) The best treatment for the merging of supplemental irrigation with the class was using three irrigations complementary with each of the class spectrum, if given the average length spike (7.66) The role of classified / 29 in the highest average weight of spike (2.00 g) and grain weight spike (1.68 g) and classified Aranom in the number of seeds / spike (36) and soft in the one thousand seed weight (136.43 g).

The experiment was carried out at two different locations Al-Gubba and Telkeef , to study the effects of three spaces between rows(60 , 70 , and 80 cm) and five genotypes of maize (Buhooth 106 , Bura , Sara , ADA523 and Veto), using split plots in randomized complete , block design with three replications . Data recorded on plant height , ear length , number of rows per ear , number of grains per ear , 300 grain weight and grain yield per plant . combined analysis of variance of characters data for both locations revealed that mean square of genotypes and their binary interactions with spaces between rows and triple interactions with spaces and locations was highly significant for all studied characters , and mean square due to spaces between rows was highly significant for all characters except number of rows per ear . The genotype Veto gave a highly significant results at the 80 cm distance between rows for most traits. While the genotype Bura Showed a high significant yield at the same distance between rows.

A field experiment was carried out in a clay loam textured soil in Al-Jazeera region – Habbaniya district / Al Anbar province in the spring of 2009 to investigate the effect of five nitrogen fertilizer levels (0,60,120,180,240 kg N.ha-1) in the form of Urea (46% N) on the growth and yield of four sorghum genotypes (Argins, Kafeer, Rabeh and Inkath).
The system of split-split blocks have been used according to randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D. ) in three replicates. Results showed that there was significant difference among genotypes in all of the studied traits. The Kafeer genotype gave the highest average for leaves number per plant, yield of dry weight, grains number per head, weight of 500 grains and grains yield per unit area (5-26 tons/ha). While the Argins genotype gave the highest value for harvest index (36.35 %). The increase in nitrogen levels caused significant increase in all of growth and yield properties. The high level of nitrogen (240 kg N. ha-1) gave the highest level for them and grains yield (5.79 tons/ha) while it had no significant effect on harvest index value. The interaction between genotype and nitrogen fertilizer affected significantly in all studied parameters . The kafeer genotype with the high level of nitrogen (240 KgN.ha-1) indicated the highest average for plant height (149.1 cm). The genotype Inkath with the same level of nitrogen associated the highest average of growth parameters yield components and grains yield (6.93 tons/ha). The Argins genotype fertilized with the same nitrogen level showed the highest value for harvest index . We concluded that there was an increase in values of most of the studied parameters and for all of the genotypes with nitrogen levels increase.

The study was carried out during the spring season at the farm of the college of Agriculture – Duhok university by using inbred line locally development (IK8, IK58, un44652, ZP-301 and un-44052. Half diallel cross program was applied for five inbred line to produce ten single crosses. Yield trail for the hybrid and parents were applied in research farm of college of agriculture Salahdidin university using a randomized complete block design with three replication in order to study the gene action for yield and yield components besides estimated heterosis, combining ability and phenotypic variance (additive, dominance and environmental variance.) in addition to estimating some genetic parameters.
The results showed the presence of significant differences among genotypes for all characters. The best parent is (ZP-301) and also the best hybrid is (IK8×IK58) in yield and number of grain/ ear. The parent (IK8) appeared the to be the better general combining ability for the most characters while the hybrid (IK8×IK58) appeared to be the high specific combining ability for the yield/ plant, ear height, plant height and leaf area. The genetic variance more one and more than the additive variance for all characters this mean that characters under the effects of non-additive gene effect. The broad sense heritability were high value for all characters except the number of seed/ ear, while the narrow sense heritability were moderate for yield/ plant, 100 grain weight, ear length, number of grains/ ear and the number of days to 50% tasseling and low for the rest traits. The heterosis value was high for number of grains/ ear (63.33) and yield/ plant (19.33 ) for the hybrid (IK8×IK58) and high value for leaf area for hybrid (IK8×un44652), (Zp301×IK8) and (IK8×UN44052)

A study was carried out in the agricultural filed/ college of Agric. univ . of Tikrit for estimation of some genetic parameters and path analysis to determination characteristics that have avetal role on yield, three distances between plants :(15,25,and 35cm) used as main plots and five genotypes :( AL-mais , Jordanian , 400 , 540 and 2081) as sub plot in split plot design with three replications .
Results showed significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation between yield and its components, capitula plant, capitulum diameter had big direct effect on yield , beside high indirect effect of 1000 seed weight with yield components . Heritability estimate was 76.7 for number of capitula plant and expected genetic advance were (19.89 ,19.34 and 32.5%) for seed yield number of capitulo plant and capitulum diameter respectively therefor we can used the last two characters as a selection criteria in breeding programs to improve safflower seed yield .

A field study was conducted during growing spring season 2009 to Know response of cowpea (vigna sinensis L.) for agricultur method and spraying by seaweed extract Algamix, The experiment was in RCBD design for three replication .inelude two Agricutur method (raw and plot ) and three concentration (0,3,6 mL/ Litur) from seaweed extract Algamix ,The results show that Agricultur method for raw gave heighest production (0.,83 ton /don) ,spray treatmeant in 6 mL/Litter for Algamix extract gave highest preduction (0.90 ton) /don, Treatmeant intraction between agricultur method for raw and spraying in 6 mL/ Litter for Algamix extract gave highest preduction (0.99 ton /don).

This study was conducted in a private nursery in Mosul city during 2004 growth season, to investigate the effect of auxin (IBA) on rooting and seedlings growth of six cultivars of Fig ( Kalemerna, Brunswick, Ozone, Diary, Shore khaza and Aswad dialla ). The auxin ( IBA ) Used of five concentrations ( Zero, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg.L-1 ) . The results indicated that the IBA treatments increased the percentage of cuttings rooting and improved the roots and vegetative growth characteristics (length and diameter of shoot, and dry weight of roots and vegetative growth ), especially for the higher concentrations ( 1500 and 2000 mg.L-1 ). The cultivars differed with it's response for IBA treatments. Brunswick, Shore khaza and Aswad dialla cultivars were the best with it's response for more studied characteristics.

Shoot tips and nodes of two carnation cultivars "Jeanne Dionis Blano" with white flower and "Marie Chabaud Jaune" with yellow flower which taken from the field were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA at (1.0 ,2.0 ,3.0) mg/l and TDZ at(0.1 ,0.5 ,1.0) mg/l, parts of leaf cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D at(0.5 ,1.0 ,2.0) mg/l for callus production, callus cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA at( 0.1, 0.2,1.0) mg/l. Data refer, shoot tips responsibility were 100% from planting in vitro for both cultivars and different treatment , highest number of shoot tips 23.1 shoot/explant were obtained for planting shoot tips of yellow flower cv. on medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BA while planting shoot tips of white flower cv. on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l gave 21.0 shoot/explant ,highest number of shoot 30.0 shoot/explant were obtained form planting nodes of white flower cv. on medium supplemented 0.5 mg/l TDZ, callus initiation were 100% from parts of leaf cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, callus cultured on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA gave 10.30 shoot/explant , plantlets produced in vitro acclimatized in laboratory, then transferred to greenhouse to grow naturally with survival 100%

Three levels of seaweed extract Algean (i.e.10,20,30) ml / 10 litre water and three levels of Atonic (i.e. 2.5 , 5 , 10) ml / 10 litre water as well as control treat ment(spray with water only ) as foliar application in cucumber plant c.v. lahloba were used . plants were grown in plastic house during winter season /2009 , as follows three times , first 45 days after sowing , second after 15 days , third after 15 days .
Results indicated that ,20 ml Algean /10 L.water the bast treatment . there was significant effect to this treatment on number of leaves / plant , leaves area/ plant , fruit set % , number of fruit/plant and total yield.

The sensitivity of 12 varieties of muskmelon Cucumis melo L. to infection by two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urtice Koch was evaluated in under field condition during spring of 2007 . Eleven varieties were collected from five different locations include (Baghdad, Babil, Anbar, Dyala , and mosul). In addition to the Ananas(1) which produced by Emerlad American company asforeign variety . All these varieties were planted in Abu-Ghraib plot and left for natural infection.
The result showed that the varieties Ananas 2(3) , Ananas 2(2) , Ananas (3) Ananas (1) , imported , Ananas (2),Ananas 2(1) and Haphid nafsa(1), were highly sensitive to mites infection , The number of mites recorded on them were 72.2 , 47.1 , 35.1 , 28.7 , 21.4 and 19.3 mites / leaf respectively . A moderate sensitivity were recorded for the varieties Showky (2) , Haphid nasfsa (2) , Shabaky(1) and showky(1) , where the number of mites recorded were 8.8 , 6.0 , 3.3 and 1.6 mites/leaf respectively . However the varieties shawky and shabaky (2) showed some resistor and low infection of 0.6 and 0.7 mites/leaf .
Two predaceous mites of the family Anystidae and Paratydeidae which belong to the sub-order : Mesostigmata were recorded for the first time as a predators on T. urticae .

The study deals with the effect of some plants extracts (Eucalyptus camldulenis L., Nigella sativa L. and Melia azedarach L.) by using the solvents Ethanol by (1000,2000,4000,6000,8000,10000) ppm/adult in order to know the effectiveness when mixed with the Dichlorvos (DDVP) in ratesof(1-1)and(1-3)onCallosobruchusmaculatusf .
Results showed that all plant extracts helped in raising the activity of Dichlorvos (DDVP) up on the insect . Extracts of Melia azedarach L. come first in their activity on DDVP as mixed in the proportion of (1-1),(1-3).

A field experiment was conducted at summer season of 2005 according to split-split plot experiment using RCBD with three replicates. The purpose of the experiment was to study effects of mycorrhizal fungus, rock phosphate and potassium sulfate on some chemical properties of tobacco crop (Nicotiana tabacum ), Treatments included 2 mycorrhiza ( with, without) as main plots , phosphorus applied in three levels (0, 100 , 200 kg P ha -1) as subplots and potassium applied in three levels (0, 200 , 400 kg K ha -1) as sub-sub plots. Results showed that the application of potassium sulfate with mycorrhizal fungus caused a significant increase in height of the plant, which was 10.4 % when compared with non-inoculated plants. Application of mycorrhiza plus K (400 kg K ha –1) gave 90 cm plant height . Number of leaves was increased with mycorrhiza application giving 1.22 leaves compared with no mycorrhiza application and caused significant increase, by 7.9 %. The same trend of increase was seen of the surface area of leaves, by 14.8 % compared with non – inoculated plants. Weight of one m2 of dry leaves decreased from 72.76 g.m-2 for non mycorhizae treatment to 46.37 g.m-2 treatment with mycorhizael fungus. The percent of tobacco leaves ash increased with in creasing rates of P, K applied. Ash percent was 19.05 % with P2 treatment compared to P0 (16.67%) and 18.50% with K2 compared to K0 (17.22%) respectively. Mycorrhiza application increased % sugars in tobacco leaves by 17.70%, also P2 treatment was higher than P0 in 0.29% also potassium applied in K2 level increased the % of sugar by 0.09%. The three factors (mycorrhiza, phosphorus, potassium and their interactions) significantly decreased Cl concentration in tobacco leaves the treatment A1P2K2 gave 0.12% compared to control treatment (A0P0K0) gave 0.37%.The application of fungal bio fertilizer caused significantly increase in potassium concentration on tobacco dry leaves in a (20.4%) rate of increase as compared with non-inoculated treatment

This study was conducted in College of Agric./Abu Ghraib to investigate control of Fusarium solani on Tomato, showed that the best medium for Trichoderma harzianum growth, was sweage waste after two weeks incubation among the other manure, it gave the highest number of spores 2.06 × 106 /1g with significant effect compared with poultry, cow, sheep and horse manure. Seed treatment with Techigazol at rate of 1gm/1L and T. harzianum was the best treatment to reduce pre-emergence damping-off reached 9% pre-emergence damping off 4.25% post-emergence damping off and 2.53% disease severity , compared with control treatment which revealed 53.40%, 61.70%, 9.41% respectively with increasing of dry weight of roots and shoots at rate of 0.73 g and 3.41 g respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of magnetization of fresh and saline irrigation water on bulk density, porosity , mean weight diameter and soil resistance to penetration and water holding capacity at different moisture tension in three samples of calcareous and gypsiferous soils and on the growth of corn . Plastic pots were filled with soil materials then 10 seeds of corn were planted in each pot , and reduced to one plant/ pot during spring and Autumn 2006 . The experiment was performed using completely randomized design (CRD).
The plants were irrigated with four types of irrigation waters (fresh water, magnetized fresh water, saline water, magnetized saline water). The Value of electrical conductivity (EC) of these types of water were (0.76 , 0.72 , 4.45 , 4.40) ds.m-1 respectively during the experiment period after depleting about 50 % of the quantity of the available water .
The results show that the soil irrigated with magnetized fresh and saline water increased the values of porosity, mean weight diameter , and water holding capacity and decreased the values of bulk density and penetration resistance in both season which affected the growth of shoots and roots of the corn .
At the end of experiment of the spring and autumn seasons in first and second calcareous soils ,the values of weight of the vegetative growth were (16.96 and 16.83)gm (13.20 and 4.25)gm respectively . While for the gypsiferous soil the last values were (13.73 and 14.76) gm and (9.48 and 12.36) .
The values of the weight of roots in the first and second calcareous soil were ( 9.44 and 9.12) gm (7.16 and 7.20) gm respectively . In the gypsiferous soil the values of the weight of roots were (8.35 and 7.07) gm (6.02 and 6.64 ) gm for each pot respectively compared with the pots which were irrigated with fresh and saline irrigation water .
It may concluded that magnetization of fresh and saline irrigation water have a clear positive effects on some of the physical properties of the soil and therefore on some of corn plants parameters grown in these soils .

This study was conducted on soil of Nineveh Plantation using six locations three of them are on Eucalyptus stands and the other three on Pine stands . Soil samples were taken at depths (0-10cm),(10-30cm),(30-60cm) to study the effect of trees . The study revealed that the soil texture was between loamy and clayey , and the clay increases as the depth increases. The percentage of organic matter showed high at the surface level and their values were from (1.2 - 6.5%) and an average of (3.85%).
Potassium (K) had also significant for overall the experiment . It was found that soil samples were not salty and they were slightly alkaline and this may be to active leaching and deep ground water level .Bulk density gave significant differences all over the experiment. Soil carbonate contents were (from 20.8% - to 43% ) and increase with depth . Cation exchange capacities were (13.7 – 37.4) and an average of (25.55%) which is abit high . The study showed a continous improvement of the soil due to the effect of forest trees and field treatments . The results showed that there is nonsignificant effects of Eucalyptus and Pine trees on the studied soil properties .

A research study was conducted to determine the potential of aqueous extract of roselle flower in performance parameter of broiler chickens. Two hundred and eight of 3 weeks old broiler chicks(ROSS) raised from 3 to 6 weeks of age. The birds were distributed to 4 treatment groups with three replicates per treatment ( 12 males and 12 females per treatment).
Aqueous extract of Roselle flowers was mixed at the rate 4 , 6 and 8% with water respectively while treatment one as control. A significant (p<0.05) increase of live body weight , weight gain , feed conversion and carcass yield were recorded for the broiler supplemented with Roselle extract with lower abdominal fat pad when compared with control group. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in giblet weight and dressing percentage .Supplemented of Roselle extract to the drinking water caused significant decline in blood serum levels of glucose , triglycerides and cholesterol .The conation of this study was indicated that groups receiving Roselle for broiler at the rate 6 and 8% of drinking water shown better growth performance

This work was carried out to analyze ( 731) records of 211 Friesian cows born and reared at Al-Is'haqi dairy cattle station for the period between 1993-2004. the study was conducted to investigate the effects of some non-genetic factors on the preceding which traits , and to estimate the genetic parameters of them ( heritability , genotypic and phenotypic correlations).General Linear Model (GLM) method of Statistical Analyses System(SAS) program is performed to estimate the fixed factors effects(season and parity) , together with the regression coefficients of the traits studied on the age at first calving . Milk yield (305 day) , lactation period and dry period were 2266.01 kg , 339. 44 days , 74.75 days , The heritability estimates were 0.38 , 0.17 , 0.11 , respectively . Highly significant effects (P<0.01) of season of calving and parity on milk yield (305-day) and non-significant on dry period. age at first calving was found to have no effect on all the traits studied.
The study pointed there is a significant positive genotypic correlations (P<0.01) between milk yield (305day) and lactation period (0.10),At the same time the previous correlations was negative (P<0.01) dry period , was (- 0.04).
While phenotypic correlation was significant between milk yield and lactation period , It was an negative and non-significant between milk yield and dry period .
Negative correlation refers to the fact the gene of responsible of increase milk production has a relationship in decreasing reproductive characteristics of cattle ,This will leads to lengthening dry period ,the breeders, hence, become obliged to stop milking his cows.

This study was aimed to investigate the fungal contamination and aflatoxins occurrence in Twenty two samples of some black tea types that collected from the local markets in Iraq. Results were indicated that found as contaminated by mycoflora, and isolated the A. niger as the most dominant in all the tea brands samples, and the other fungi species isolated were as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, Alternaria and penicillium.
Bacteria speices were isolated an aerobic bacteria count, spor forming, coliform. However Salmonella and Staphyllococcus aurous were not detected.
Aflatoxin were detected in 37 % of the samples with averages of 4.54 – 11.98 μg /kg of black tea. The highest concentration of aflatoxin B1 was production in Apple, Merd and AL-Qeethara tea samples and the lowest quantity was produced in Golden and AL-Sanabul tea

The experiment was conducted in Agricultural college / Tikrit university , during winter season 2010 using four levels of organic manures ( sheep manure ) which were ( 3 , 6 , and 9 ton / dunum ) and four harvest dates which were ( 114 , 128 , 142 and 156 days after planting ) .
The experiment was applied using a Randomized Complete Block Design in three replication .
The results showed that the fertilizer in a level ( 6 ton / dunum ) increased significantly plant height , vegetative growth weight , and bulb length . The fertilizer levels were not significant differences among them in other studied characters . The first harvest date increased dry matter percentage of bulbs , whereas the second harvest date increased vegetative growth and double bulb percentage . The forth harvest date increased other studied characters .
According to the interaction , the fertilizer level ( 6 ton / dunum ) at the forth harvest date increased in most studied characters .

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of raindrop impact on the soil splash rate under natural precipitation. Several rainfall parameters (e.g. rainfall intensity ,raindrop kinetic energy ) are being used to characterize the eroding power of the rain on the soil splash. Rainfall characteristics and soil splash were assessed on dry –wet soil conditions and on 2 %and 6% slopes by collecting splashed soil particles using splash boarder. Rainfall energy and EI-index (product of rainfall energy and its intensity),were found to be highly correlated with splash detachment. For a given value of rainfall erosivity, total splash and splash per unit area of exposed soil surface increased linearly with an increase in moisture content, and was higher in 6% than from 2% slope.

سيفوتاكسيم مضاد حيوي نصف صنعي تنتج فعاليته المبيدة للجراثيم الى قدرته على تثبيط تخليق الجدار الخلوي البكتيري. وهو يمتلك فعالية مضادة لطيف واسع من البكتريا الموجبة والسالبة لصبغة جرام. اجري البحث في مختبرات قسم علوم الحياة كلية العلوم- جامعة تكريت والمركز العراقي لبحوث السرطان والوراثة الطبية- العراق.
تم تقييم السمية الوراثية للمضاد الحياتي سيفوتاكسيم في خلايا الثدييات بوساطة ما يأتي:-
1- تقدير الشذوذ الكروموسومي في خلايا نقي العظم (خلايا جسمية).
2- تقدير الشذوذ الكروموسومي في الخلايا الابتدائية المولدة للنطف (خلايا جرمية)
3- تقدير التأثير في الشكل الظاهري للنطف الناضجة (خلايا جنسية).
4- تقدير التلف الوراثي في خلايا الكبد بواسطة تقدير الهالة.
تمت معاملة ذكور الفئران بجرعات مختلفة عن طريق الحقن داخل الخلب لمدة ثلاثة أيام وخمسة ايام وعشرة ايام. كانت الجرعات المستخدمة 150, 300, و 600 ملغمكغم من وزن الجسم يوميا.
أظهرت النتائج أن العقار سيفوتاكسيم تسبب في زيادة معنوية إحصائيا مرتبطة بالجرعة في نسب الشذوذ الكروموسومي في خلايا نقي العظم لذكور الفئران البيض بعد المعاملة بالجرعتين 300 و 600 ملغم كغم وزن الجسم. وبينت نتائج الدراسة عدم وجود تأثير في معدلات انقسام خلايا نقي العظم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. كما تسبب المركب في حدوث زيادة معنوية إحصائيا في الشذوذ الكروموسومي في الخلايا الابتدائية المولدة للنطف بعد المعاملة بالجرعة 600 ملغم كغم وزن جسم. كما وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود زيادة معنوية في قيم OTM لخلايا الكبد ترافقت مع الجرعة 600 وكانت الزيادة مرتبطة ايجابيا مع مدة المعاملة, كما ظهرت فروق معنوية في النسب المئوية لخلايا الكبد ذات الهالة مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. بينت نتائج دراسة تأثير العقار سيفوتاكسيم في الشكل الظاهري للنطف الناضجة بعد المعاملة مع الجرعة 600 ملغم كغم وزن جسم زيادة معنوية في تشوهات النطف مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة ولم تظهر فروق معنوية في نسبة التشوهات مع الجرعتين 150 و 300 ملغم كغم وزن جسم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة.
تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن العقار سيفوتاكسيم له تأثير وراثي في الخلايا الجسمية والخلايا الجنسية في ذكور الفئران البيض.