Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract
This research is concerned with studying the twenty-sixth verse of Surat Al-Baqarah, and answers some questions related to the verse in terms of: its relevance to what precedes it, who it was revealed to, and the true meaning of the example given in it, and stands on the analytical interpretation of this verse and knowing its meanings and implications, and is based on the study and is based on the comparative interpretive study, where it collects the different sayings among the interpreters and edits them, and presents its evidence and shows the most likely of them with the evidence, and then stands on the benefits and rulings derived from it, and concluded with a number of results, the most important of which are: that the verse was revealed about the hypocrites, because the context of the verse is talking about the people of hypocrisy and giving examples to them, and that what was mentioned of meanings of shyness is only for the sake of approximating the meaning and not for the sake of explaining the meaning in a way that matches it. The mention of the mosquito, rather than others, is to express smallness. What is meant by the Almighty’s saying {and what is above it} is: what is larger than it in size, because this is the meaning that was transmitted from the predecessors of the people of the preferred centuries, and because it is the well-known and most famous in the speech of the Arabs. Keywords: Statement – Analytical – Verse 26 – Surat Al-Baqarah – Comparison

Abstract:
It is known that legitimate purposes are a great science, one of the sciences of the origins of the literature, which is the meaning and wisdom of the street in all the circumstances of the legislation or its omnibus, which is intended to bring, stir up and reduce benefits, which is an attempt by me to demonstrate certain purposes and to enumerate the provisions of the Holy Koran, where the purpose of the legislation is to describe the values and interests of the law.

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to clarify the characteristics of false advisors in the Qur'an. The research used the descriptive-analytical method and was divided into two sections:
Section One: I defined the concept of false advisors (A’diyā’ al-Nasīhah) in both linguistic and terminological contexts.
Section Two: I highlighted the prominent traits of false advisors as mentioned in the Qur'an, such as deceit, trickery, lying, hypocrisy, distortion, and misrepresentation.
Then, the conclusion presents the most important findings, including:
False advisors are individuals who claim to offer guidance and advice to others, but without sincere intentions or genuine expertise. Their goal is often not to benefit others, but to achieve personal interests or assert false superiority.
One of the characteristics of false advisors is deceit, as they deceive people.
False advisors are liars who bring the distant close and push the close far away; they beautify the ugly and uglify the beautiful.
False advisors are masters of evasion and hypocrisy, manipulating facts, misleading others, lying, and concealing the true nature of things.
Another characteristic of false advisors is the distortion of religious texts to achieve their goals.
False advisors mislead people about their religion, presenting illusions as if they were real knowledge, deceiving others by portraying falsehoods as truths

Abstract:
This study examines the impact of Quranic verses of warning on the purification of the human soul. It explores how these verses, which emphasize accountability and consequences, contribute to personal moral refinement and spiritual development. By analyzing selected verses, the study highlights the psychological and ethical effects that these warnings can have, encouraging individuals to engage in self-reflection and to seek spiritual growth. This objective study aims to shed light on the role of divine guidance in promoting inner purification and in fostering a conscious sense of responsibility and moral accountability.

Study Summary
Research Title: The Role Which Believing in the Pillars of Faith Plays in Promoting Intellectual Security in Society; Belief in Allah and the Last Day as a Model.
Research Objectives: Demonstrating the relationship between the two pillars of Islamic faith, which are belief in Allah and belief in the Day of Judgment (i.e. the Last Day), and achieving intellectual security; addressing modern and contemporary issues and linking them to the unseen; and highlighting the role of believing in Allah and the Last Day in enhancing intellectual security in society.
Research Methodology: the researcher adopted the analytical, inductive method.
Most Important Results: The role of having faith in Allah in promoting intellectual security can be manifested as: guarding believers against doctrinal deviations and intellectual illusions; an inexhaustible source of reassurance and tranquility feelings in the hearts of believers; a source of intellectual security in reality; limits the tendency to follow intellectual terrorism; and encourages staying away from intellectual extremism.
Moreover, the role of having faith in the Last Day in promoting intellectual security can be manifested as: It instills fear of Allah Almighty in the hearts of believers; protecting believers’ mindset against illusion and superstitions; enhancing the value of self-monitoring and implementing it in daily life; keenness to spread the culture of intellectual security; staying away from negative thinking; protecting society from corruption and disintegration; and achieving constructive thinking.
Most important recommendations: the researcher recommended conducting further research on the role which believing in the rest of Islamic faith pillars play in achieving intellectual security.

ملخص البحث
تميز بحثنا بتفصيل الإيمان باليوم الآخر عند المسلمين وغير المسلمين (اليهود) من خلال ما تناولته من مباحث ومطالب، فجاء المبحث الأول بمطلبين: المطلب الأول: تعريف الإيمان باليوم الآخر، والمطلب الثاني: أسماء اليوم الآخر، والمبحث الثاني بمطلبين أيضاً: الأول: حكم الإيمان باليوم الآخر، والثاني: الأدلة على إثبات اليوم الآخر، والمبحث الثالث بمطلبين: المطلب الأول: اليوم الآخر في القرآن الكريم، والثاني: اليوم الآخر في السنة النبوية، وختاماً جاء المبحث الرابع باليوم الآخر هند غير المسلمين من (اليهود) .وتوصلت إلى نتيجة: أن الإيمان واجب على كل مسلم يؤمن بالله تعالى، وهذا ما أثبتته الأدلة من القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة.

Abstract
In the era of rapid technological advancements, digital transformation has become an integral part of various aspects of life, including religious domains. Islamic Da'wah, which is one of the most crucial pillars of Islamic society, is significantly impacted by these digital shifts. In Iraq, where cultural and social factors intertwine with technological challenges, it is essential to conduct a thorough study to understand how digital transformation might affect the effectiveness of Islamic Da'wah. This research aims to explore the role of digital transformation in enhancing the effectiveness of Islamic Da'wah in Iraq, focusing on the challenges and opportunities that accompany this shift. The importance of this research lies in providing a comprehensive insight into how digital transformation can be leveraged to strengthen Islamic Da'wah in Iraq. Amid the challenges faced by Iraqi society, whether technological or social, this research offers an analytical framework to understand the impact of digital technology on promoting Islamic values and increasing the effectiveness of Da'wah under these circumstances. The research problem centers around how to maximize the benefits of digital transformation to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic Da'wah in Iraq, in the face of significant challenges such as a lack of technological infrastructure, limited technological awareness, and the cultural and social influences that may hinder the effective use of digital technology in spreading Islamic values.Keywords: Da'wah, Islam, Digital Transformation, Modern Technologies, Iraq.

Research Summary
The ruling on the validity of corrupt contracts in non-Muslim countries, according to the Hanafi school (A Comparative Jurisprudential Study), is considered one of the important issues in Islamic jurisprudence. This is due to its connection with the application of Sharia rulings in environments different from the Islamic domain. Scholars, particularly those of the Hanafi school, have addressed this issue with a precise approach that balances between Sharia texts and practical realities, making it a subject of significant study and analysis. This study aims to reach conclusions summarizing the content of the research.

the introduction
Praise be to God, a good and blessed praise, and may God’s prayers and peace be upon his Prophet Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets and His Noble Messenger, and upon his family and companions, and after:The family is considered the first building block in the social structure and is the vital area in which the individual receives life lessons. Since it is a miniature unit of society, it is not isolated from the various continuous changes that it witnesses due to the actions of multiple factors that contribute to achieving and directing change.This is because society in changing stages faces multiple challenges according to the size and speed of change. Sometimes the speed is very high, in which we find sudden and profound transformations that were not expected, and other times the transformations are very slow and gradually creep in to the point that individuals do not feel their presence, but their effects are found after a period of time, evident to the eye. These effects may be simple and limited, or they may be complex and pervasive in all aspects of society.Since the family cannot be separated from society, it is affected by the impact of these transformations and challenges a lot, especially with the involvement of most of our societies for more than half a century in the process of modernization and development, as large cities were formed and accompanied by services that are difficult to count, and our social life witnessed tremendous developments accompanied by new social phenomena and renewed aspects of life.
Although many of these phenomena are positive, there are negative phenomena that have a profound impact on the family and its functional roles.
Research Problem:
The research problem can be summarized in the extent of the impact of contemporary challenges on the functional roles of the family, and is it possible to propose solutions that repair the damages that have occurred and help the contemporary Muslim family to perform its mission and increase its effectiveness?
Importance of the Research:
First: The family is the smallest cell in the societal structure and is the basis for the formation and social rehabilitation of the individual and receives special attention in Islamic law.
Second: Contemporary challenges are very numerous, and their impact is profound on individuals and societies. Striking society in its depths requires the mobilization of everyone, especially those to whom Sharia has entrusted responsibilities.
Third: It is a perfect wisdom in managing public affairs: to rush to repair the damage that has occurred, and to prevent the expected damage well, taking from the noble hadith (No harm nor reciprocating harm), and taking care of the foundations of societal construction is the first priority.
Research objectives:
1- Shedding light on the pioneering and doctrinal role of the family in Islamic society.
2- Explaining the most prominent roles of the individual in the Muslim family and his impact on it.
3- Guiding to a set of helpful proposals to enable the family to perform its functions better in facing contemporary challenges.
Research methodology:
The researcher chose to adopt the analytical approach because it is an approach based on studying scientific problems, no matter how diverse their decomposition, composition or evaluation, and the use of this approach appears in presenting the problems resulting from contemporary challenges facing the family's function and its role towards society.
Research plan:
I divided my research into two chapters, each chapter includes three topics, and I end it with a conclusion that includes the most important findings of the research in addition to a list of references as follows:
Introduction
Chapter One: The concept of the family and the impact of Islam on it
Section One: Definition of the individual, definition of the family, definition of society
Section Two: What is the impact that Islam leaves on the family?
Section Three: Duties of members of the Islamic family in the family and society
Chapter Two: The Muslim family in the early days of Islam
Section One: The relationship of the individual in the Islamic family
Section Two: The relationship of the family in Islamic society
Section Three: Examples of the pioneering role in the Muslim family

Abstract
This study examines a group of narrators mentioned in the book "Itihaf al-Khirah al-Muhara" by the scholar al-Bushiri, without providing detailed biographies, particularly for three of them: Hamid ibn Abdullah al-Saluli, Zaher ibn Yarbua, and Saeed ibn Yunus. Additionally, it assesses al-Bushiri's judgments on the narrations in which these narrators are mentioned.The study aims to fill this gap in Hadith studies, providing new information about these narrators and highlighting the importance of Hadith science in preserving the Prophet's Sunnah. It also emphasizes the significant role of al-Bushiri in this field, as the author of "Itihaf al-Khirah al-Muhara," which includes judgments and commentaries on numerous narrators.Furthermore, the study collects the names of narrators not mentioned by al-Bushiri in his book and provides concise biographies, indicating their lineages, births, deaths, teachers, students, and what was narrated from them. It also evaluates the status of each narrator based on the opinions of earlier and later scholars.

Abstract
Custom is usually the majority or general among people, and it becomes acceptable to them by repeating it time after time. It is one of the requirements of social life, and a necessity of individual life, because it contributes to organizing legal relations between people. It is also consistent with the needs and aspirations of people. Based on its authority, custom conducts research and investigation to identify and explore the foundations of rulings, considering them as interests contained in rulings. Its role is similar to the role of reason in that it targets general rational behavior through research and investigation and extracts the foundation of the ruling through it, under the title of bringing benefit or warding off corruption, while ensuring that the Sharia remains alive, developing and growing continuously, since defining the foundations and objectives infuses the spirit of rulings into the body of changing customs.

Summary:
The topic (the impact of the methodology of extremism and fanaticism on fallacies and their role on the methodology of misleading human thought) was studied, due to its importance, as the methodology of extremism and fanaticism affected the misleading of human thought; to introduce its methodology with fallacies, so the research was in the form of two sections and a conclusion, then references. The first was to study the role of fallacies and their impact on the methodology of extremism and fanaticism, and the second was devoted to studying the overlap of the methodology of extremism and fanaticism with fallacies and their impact on thinking. The most important results of the study were that the methodology of fanaticism affected the misleading of thought, and its refutation is by using Quranic logic and correct logical reasoning.

Research Abstract
In this modest research, I aimed to explore the relationship between language and humans through the lens of family and society, a subject addressed by modern linguistics under the discipline of sociolinguistics. Consequently, the title of the research was "The Role of Language in Peaceful Coexistence: A Study in Light of Sociolinguistics." The nature of the study necessitated dividing it into two main sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion, results, a list of sources and references, and an abstract in English.
The first section, titled "The Relationship Between Language and Family," examines the language used by the head of the family in raising and educating family members in a manner that aligns with their cognitive capacities and the temporal context, without imposing inherited practices passed down from one generation to another or infringing on sound values and norms. Language serves as a crucial tool for fostering educational harmony grounded in perceptual realism among the various age groups within a single family.
The second section, titled "The Relationship Between Language and Society," addresses the impact of language on society, focusing on how language can be inclusive and cohesive rather than alienating or neglectful of any particular group, especially in a society marked by diversity in its social categories and sects. This section also explores the linguistic approaches appropriate for engaging with a diverse society with varying tendencies and orientations, ensuring no exclusion or marginalization occurs.

The Satirical Correspondence of Mutref Bin Abi Mutref: A Study and Analysis
Mutref Bin Abi Mutref is a clerk of Diwan in the first Abbasid er, he has more than ten correspondence about Musaab Ibn Abdullah Az-Zubeiri in which he sarcasms decries him. Some are directed to him and others are a reply for a friend's question in which he advises him to come to him to get a financial assistance. But Mutref advises his friend not to come to Ibn Az-Zubeiri stripping him from all moral, psychological and human qualities in a style in which he reverses the facts as he permits the impermissible and vice versa, stinginess, for him, is economy, he also follows his and against human innateness. He corrupts his religion and life. Thus, the writer sarcasms and belittle him and hurts him for his misconduct using a style in which he uses the most appropriate meaning via figures of speech, he uses pun, antithesis, the quotation from the Glorious Qur'an, and the balance in revealing his unpleasant qualities via mentioning the negatives and defaming the positives . Thus, his satire is civilized as it avoids insults and direct swearing , and expressing that in the ways Arabs used to sue instead

Abstract:
House of Wisdom (Beit al-Hikma) is considered a state scientific foundation connected directly with Beit al-Khilafa. Its appearance has been crystallized with the beginning ofthe Abbasside State establishment. Then it began developing and promoting until it reached to its climax during the era of Abbasside caliphate (al-Maamoon) who paid huge concern and activity upon the scientific sides ,especially translation from foreign languages into Arabic one. Many heritages and other nations books had been translated into Arabic . Beit al-Hikma is deemed to be the basic basis for translation, then integration with the foreign nations thoughts.

The extract
The deceased waqidi (207 Ah/829 ad) is one of the first historians who wrote down the biography of the prophet, and he knew about it, and even innovated in it, so his fingers were a light to appease historians, and researchers generation after generation, but hidden from some historians, or researchers that without the Abbasid era, which he lived in the second Abbasid era, he was an eyewitness about that, so I traced it between the folds of the lines in the books of the early historians .Keywords: Al-waqidi, historian, Abbasid era .

Abstract
Criticism has always navigated the depths of Arabic literature, ancient and modern, to reveal to us aspects that we would not have stopped at without his view. Arab criticism, ancient and modern, has taken care to examine the creative poetic production of which pre-Islamic poetry is considered its origin and foundation. Among the poets whose productions criticism focused on is Muthakab Al-Abdi. Despite the light criticism of his poetry, as it was neither extensive nor deep in the writings of critics, it has opened the way to identifying the nature of the poet and his creative ability, and this is what prompted the research to shed light on him. The value and importance of the research is due to its role in revealing The creative value of Muthakab al-Abdi’s poetry and the opinions of ancient and modern critics on it. The research aims to: shed light on Al-Muthhaqb Al-Abdi and his poetry, and clarify the opinions of ancient critics on Al-Mathhaqb’s poetry, shed light on the opinions of modern scholars on Al-Mathhaqb’s poetry. The research relies on the foundations of the analysis-based approach by examining the data first, then describing it and analyzing what is stated in it to reach the most important points. Results.

Abstract:
The world of Contemplations is a controversial concept among scholars, writers, thinkers and the public. The theory of the dialogue of souls indicates that souls communicate and think with each other despite the distances. Islamic studies have researched this concept, and this research paper aims to explain the concept of the world of Contemplations and what is the dialogue between God Almighty and the souls that God brought forth from the back of Adam and took from them the covenant and pledge to unify Him, and its effects on human life in this world. The researcher found that scholars and writers differ in proving the existence of the world of Contemplations despite the existence of examples of it in verses of the Holy Quran, and that the dialogue of souls in the world of Contemplations strengthens the relationship between man and his Creator, and that belief in God is part of human nature.
Keywords: Dialogue, Souls, The world of Contemplations

Summary:
Impressionism is a literary doctrine that appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century in France. It is considered the personal feeling and impression that is the basis for artistic and literary expression. The name of the movement is derived from the title of the unit by the painter Claude Monet, "Impression of a Sunrise" that he created. In the year 1872 AD, he was the first to use this iron method of photography. He derived the name. The new school derived from the name of his painting: (Impressionism).
It is an artistic style of drawing that depends on transferring or happening directly from nature, as seen by the naked eye, away from imagination and embellishment. In it, the artists left the studio and carried out their work in the open air, which prompted them to speed up the implementation of the artistic work before the position of the sun in the sky, and thus the shadow and light changed. It was given this name because it conveys the artist's impression of the viewed scene, without precision and detail.

Summary:
The aesthetics of hybridization in contemporary painting and its reflection on the productions of art education students is an important subject in the field of painting at the theoretical and practical levels in academic study, whether theoretical or practical. Al-Iraqi is one of the arts with historical roots and a distinguished position among other artistic genres. Painting has received a sufficient level of development through the use of various contemporary aesthetics to advance it for the better.
The methodological framework included the problem of research and the need for it, and then the importance of research came in shedding light on the aesthetics of contemporary Iraqi painting, and the impact of these aesthetics on the productions of students of art education and the benefit that was reflected in their official productions. The research aimed to reveal the immediate aesthetics and their mechanisms, and the extent of their reflection on the productions of art education students. By stopping and defining terms?The theoretical framework included two sections: the first: a historical introduction to contemporary Iraqi painting, its roots and beginnings. The second: contemporary Iraqi painting aesthetics. The research procedures included: The research community and the research sample included (3) official works,
The results and conclusions reached by the two researchers:
1. The aesthetics appeared strongly in all the art education students’ outputs in all samples.
2. The student relied on his imagination to produce new formal compositions.
3. The small number of textbooks on drawing aesthetics to be taught to students of the Department of Art Education

Abstract:-
The research aims to highlight on school library use and its role to development the social responsibility students . The survey method is used ,questionnaire is used as a data tools .the research results are the students who uses the library are responsibility more than the students who not use the library. The recommendations are the necessary guide the students the library to enhance the social responsibility .
Keywords: school library - social responsibility - reading guidance.

Abstract of the research:
The current research aims to:Obstacles that hinder academic guidance for new students
The research was determined by studying the obstacles that hinder academic guidance for new students at Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2022-2023) for both genders, males and females. The research tool was applied to a sample of (100) male and female students.
The research result was that the paragraph (I did not know that there were academic guidance services) obtained first place with a percentage of 85%, and a weighted average of 2.92
And that the paragraph (The announcement of academic guidance programs is not clear) obtained last place with a percentage of 42.1 and a weighted average of 2.68
The research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals. Keywords: Obstacles, academic guidance, new students, guidance obstacles, obstacles.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the level of ego flexibility, as well as to reveal the significance of statistical differences in the level of psychological flexibility according to the stage variable (third - fourth) among a sample of students from the Institute of Fine Arts. The researcher applied a ready-made tool for the ego resilience scale prepared by Reda (2009), and after extracting the validity and reliability of the variable, the researcher applied the scale to the basic research sample, which consisted of (100) students. The results showed: -
1. Students at the Institute of Fine Arts suffer from a weak level of ego flexibility.
2. There are no statistically significant differences between the third and fourth stages in the level of ego flexibility.
Through the results, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The current research seeks to identify traffic awareness and its role in alleviating traffic congestion through a sample of vehicle drivers in the Ministry of Education. The study relied on the descriptive survey method, through a sample of employees working in the Ministry of Education amounting to (100) individuals, and in order to collect The necessary data and information: A questionnaire was designed to measure the role of traffic awareness in alleviating the severity of congestion. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was verified and applied to the current research sample. The current study reached the following results:
1. According to the classification criterion, traffic awareness contributes to reducing the severity of congestion by a very good percentage.
2. The dimension of awareness of internal driving requirements among employees working in the Ministry of Education is classified as very good.
3. It is clear to us that the dimension (awareness of external driving requirements) among employees working in the Ministry of Education headquarters is classified as very good.
4. It is clear to us that the dimension (awareness of necessary requirements during congestion) among employees working in the Ministry of Education is classified as excellent.

Research Summary
The current research aims to identify the impact of information processing strategies and mental maps in the achievement of second year students in Islamic education material and the development of their visual thinking. In order to verify the objective of the research, the researcher presented three zero hypotheses. In order to verify these hypotheses, the researcher experimented and adopted the experimental method of partial control of two groups of post-test to collect Islamic education material and visual thinking. (33, 33, 32) students, one of which represented a first experimental group studied according to the information processing strategy and the second experimental group studied according to the strategy of mental maps and the third represented a control group (34). Equivalence has been made in the variables (age, educational achievement of the previous year, visual thinking).
The researcher prepared the research tools, which consist of the pluralistic selection test consisting of (40) paragraphs and the visual thinking test of the multiple-choice type consisting of (25) paragraph. The psychometric properties of both instruments were ascertained.
The results of the study were applied in the first semester. The results were statistically analyzed by the t-test of two independent samples. The results showed that the students of the first and second experimental groups were superior to the female students in the control group and the test of visual thinking, and there were no differences between the experimental groups I and II in achievement, and there are differences between them in the test of visual thinking and for the benefit of the second experimental group, and according to the findings reached by the researcher, a number of conclusions, and a number of proposals

Abstract
The research aims to identify the effect of the Adelson model in developing the competence of cognitive representation among fifth grade students in the subject of philosophy and psychology.
The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control for two groups, experimental and control, in the pre- and post-test of the adequacy of cognitive representation. The research community included fifth-grade literary students in secondary and middle schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Salah al-Din Education, Science Education Department. The research sample consisted of two groups, Division (A) representing the experimental group that will study the subject of philosophy and psychology according to the Adelson model, with (31) female students, while Division (B) represented the control group that will study the same subject according to the usual method, with (29) students. ) female student, and the researcher conducted parity between the students of the two research groups in the following variables: (cognitive representation, intelligence test, chronological age calculated in months, educational level of fathers, educational level of mothers). The researcher adopted the cognitive representation scale, which in its final form consisted of (35) items. The researcher verified its validity, reliability, and discrimination. After processing the data statistically, statistically significant differences emerged between the scores of the students in the experimental group and the scores of the students in the control group in the cognitive representation scale, and in favor of the experimental group, and in light of these results. The researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Summary :
The administrative decision is considered one of the most important means used by the administration in order to carry out its various activities. Since the public interest does not accept delay and procrastination, the administration was granted the privilege of direct implementation of its decisions. The feature of direct enforcement accompanies the administrative decision from its birth, i.e. from the day of its issuance. From this standpoint, the law guaranteed a kind of protection for the decisions issued by the administration in the face of judicial appeals that aim to stop their implementation. This situation was established in the rulings of the judiciary, announcing the emergence of a principle in the administrative judiciary known as the non-suspensive effect of the appeal for cancellation. This principle gives guarantees to the administration to proceed with issuing whatever decisions it deems appropriate to achieve the public interest. However, the legislator took into account the possibility of individuals harmed by these decisions and thus appealing them, so he permitted the suspension of the implementation of the administrative decision as an exception to the principle if its conditions are met and the interested party requests it. As for the acquired rights, since individuals in their relations with the administration are considered the weaker party, the law bestows its protection on them, preserving their rights and legal positions that they acquired from the law or from the decisions issued by the administration regarding them, and preventing this administration from The assault on these rights and acquired positions or tampering with them, and the research aimed to reveal the concept of acquired rights as well as the type of constitutional and acquired rights for Iraqi citizens in the constitution and ordinary laws, and to achieve the research, the researcher defined in the first section the concept of acquired rights, and as for the second section, it dealt with the type of constitutional and acquired rights for Iraqi citizens in the constitution and ordinary laws, and the research concluded with a conclusion that included the results and recommendations specific to the research.
Keywords: acquired rights, type of acquired rights, ordinary laws.

Abstract : The aim of the research is to acknowledge the effectiveness of Presseisen model of the students' Synthetic thinking and their appreciation of the scientific value of Mathematics. The searcher has chosen a semi-experimental design of two equivalent groups: (experimental and control group(.She has chosen one of intermediate schools in Baghdad / first Rusafa. The research has been applied on some of third class students in 2022- 2023 and there were 62 students. The searcher has figured two instruments to check the aim of the research. After checking the students' verity and stability and finding the discrimination of the paragraphs, the test of the Synthetic thinking has been formed of 20 paragraphs, and the criterion of the estimation of the scientific value of Mathematics has been formed of 24 Paragraphs. After finishing the experiment, the two instruments of the research have been analyzed by counting through SPSS programme. Following the results, the conclusion was that the teaching according to the Presseisen has a positive effect in the synthetic thinking and the estimate of the Scientific value of Mathematics.

Abstract
Islamic outreach methods have witnessed significant developments with the advancement of technology, as interactive media have become one of the most important modern tools that help in spreading the Islamic message more widely and effectively. These media rely on direct interaction with the audience through live streaming platforms, providing an interactive environment that enables preachers to reach a diverse and culturally varied audience. The research problem lies in the fact that, despite the widespread use of interactive media, there are questions regarding their effectiveness in promoting Islamic values, particularly with the challenges posed by the nature of these platforms on outreach content. This study aims to analyze the role of live streaming platforms in enhancing Islamic outreach and to clarify the benefits and challenges associated with them. The importance of this research lies in exploring how modern technology, especially interactive media, can be used effectively to spread the Islamic message. The study also contributes by providing recommendations for developing outreach strategies based on the optimal use of live streaming platforms. The research aims to:
- Analyze the role of interactive media in spreading Islamic outreach.
- Study the positive impact of live streaming platforms on delivering outreach messages.
- Evaluate the challenges preachers face when using these platforms.
- Propose strategies to improve the effectiveness of interactive media in Islamic outreach.

الملخص الانكليزي
Senior policy makers should recognize the need to tailor reform processes to specific country needs and contexts, rather than copying the same solutions in all developing countries. Each of these countries has its own political, administrative and cultural situations. We must ensure that the gap between theory and practice is more fundamental. While what is happening is an attempt to transfer Western techniques that are different from the social and political contexts in developing countries or even within Western countries themselves. The starting point should begin with research into how to get rid of all the societal distortions that we have experienced in the past, i.e. responding to the real demands of the people and building a culture of citizenship in its various political, cultural and social manifestations. There is a dialectical relationship between the democratization of the state's political system and the democratization of other social organizations, meaning that building state democracy and ensuring its safety and development is linked to the existence of real democratic practices at the level of civil society institutions, political, trade unions, professional and educational

• Abstract:

The profound changes that affected the structure of the Iraqi economy and the imbalances that accompanied it, which were represented by the decline in its growth rates and the severe decline in the gross domestic product for several reasons, including the cessation of oil exports under conditions of war and economic blockade, the destruction of the basic infrastructure of the economy more than once, the decline in industrial production and the decline in agricultur The emergence of several phenomena that had adverse effects on segments of Iraqi society, including the great disparity in the distribution of incomes and stagflation, of which the economic blockade was behind a large part.al productivity. Which exacerbated these imbalances

Abstract :
Britain, as a superpower, planned to occupy Iraq and annex it to its kingdoms, and expand the matter to compete for dominance over other countries for strategic reasons related to controlling the transportation lines, which were considered the backbone of European life at that time after the industrial revolution in Europe, and the need of those countries for marketing outlets to dispose of their goods, which began to accumulate as a result of the movement. Production and work, as well as the need for raw materials and cheap labor, then the growing role of the exploring countries that were colonized after the discovery of oil as a means of moving the wheel of life. It can be said that the British advance towards Iraq had a commercial beginning, but this advance quickly took on a political aspect later as a result of the rapid growth of British influence in Iraq.

Research Summary
The type of political regime, whether totalitarian or democratic, plays a crucial role in shaping the security situation of the state. While totalitarian regimes seek to impose control by force and maintain apparent stability, they often cause profound social and political tensions in the long term. On the other hand, they seek Democratic systems aim to build more stable societies through citizen participation in decision-making and the protection of their rights, but they may face their own security challenges, such as terrorism and extremism. Ultimately, achieving sustainable security stability arguably requires a complex mix of factors, including the type of political system, the nature of society, and external challenges.

abstract
When reviewing Turkey's political history, the Kemalist experience and political Islam can be referred to as essential elements of continuity and tension in Turkish political life, which leads us to a better understanding of their models within the permanent interaction and development of their relationship with the state, however, despite the militant secularism, Islam was able to gain legitimacy in the political corridors and state institutions and thus contributed to reorganizing itself again under the leadership of Necmettin Erbakan, as his ideology was characterized by a new and strong emphasis on the importance of Islam in the daily lives of citizens. He expanded the role of religion from private to public life and envisioned a new kind of nationalism. However, with the secular regime, he was unable to implement his ideology, and here lies the main difference between him and his successor, the Justice and Development Party (AKP)

Abstract
This research aims to study the legal organization of regulatory bodies specializing in overseeing administrative activities by analyzing their role in ensuring that administrative institutions comply with laws, achieve justice, and protect individual rights. The research highlights the importance of oversight as a tool to achieve a balance between authorities, prevent abuse or misuse of power, and examines the roles of administrative, parliamentary, and judicial regulatory bodies in monitoring and controlling administrative performance.The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, analyzing legal texts, constitutions, and relevant legislations pertaining to regulatory bodies. The study reached several conclusions, primarily that oversight of administrative activities varies according to the political system of the country; oversight may be centralized within a single authority or distributed across multiple authorities. Oversight also varies based on its source, including political, administrative, and judicial oversight. Judicial oversight is considered the most transparent and reliable due to the judiciary’s independence from administrative and political influences.

Abstract
The study "Legal Protection of Journalists in International Humanitarian Law" aimed to identify the nature of protecting journalists in war conflicts, the legal basis for protecting journalists in international humanitarian law, and the importance of the study stem from the importance of the role played by journalists in conveying facts on battlefields to world opinion, which requires international organizations to protect them under international humanitarian law. According to the nature and objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted by extrapolating the legal texts for protecting journalists in international humanitarian law, and ways to protect them, then analyzing those texts and extracting results that help enhance their protection and enable them to perform their work in conveying the reality of what is happening in the conflict zone, and the violations that civilians may be exposed to in these wars. The results indicated that the legal protection of accredited journalists in war conflicts is based on several international legal sources that aim to protect them and ensure their safety while covering events in conflict zones, while the protection of unaccredited journalists in war conflicts depends on the principles of human rights and international humanitarian law. However, the actual implementation of the protection of these journalists can be more complicated due to the lack of a clear international legal framework that defines their rights. The study recommended enhancing cooperation between governments and international organizations to enhance the protection of journalists and encourage countries to develop and update their national legislation in line with international humanitarian law to protect journalists.

Abstract
The problem of researching civil liability in the infringement of intellectual property focused on the lack of provisions regulating this property, and by following the descriptive and analytical comparative research approach, the study came out with a set of results, including that some Arab legislators are distinguished in enacting laws specific to civil liability for intellectual property, such as the Egyptian legislator who enacted the Egyptian Intellectual Property Protection Law No. 82 of 2002, which regulates the mechanism for selling private intellectual property, which is every literary or artistic work, regardless of its type, importance, or purpose of its classification. One of the most important objective conditions of intellectual property is creativity, regardless of the type of intellectual property, whether literary or artistic, it must contain an element of creativity.

Abstract
Public money plays an essential and pivotal role in developing the system related to the economy of any country، as it is the most important means for the modern state، in order for it to carry out any of its various and different activities، from building public institutions and running facilities and achieving the public benefit. Each country determines its future plans for the purpose of achieving its goals in development sustainable in all fields، and all of this is based on the availability of public money، and the state remains striving to protect public money by setting systems that deter any attack on it، however، despite the multiplicity of means of protection، we see that forms of infringement are prevalent in one form or another among societies، and the reason for this is To the non-activation of the protection laws or their inadequacy.
(Public Finance، Constitutional Protection، Civil Protection، Financial and Administrative Corruption)

Abstract
Enforced disappearance constitutes a grave violation of human rights and a crime against human dignity, prohibited by the relevant international conventions and obligated to criminalize and punish it in internal penal legislation, especially the United Nations Declaration for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance of 1992, the Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998, and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance in 2006.
In light of the growing spread of enforced disappearances in Arab countries and the escalation of international and national calls to confront them there, and in connection with the majority of them’s accession to the 2006 International Convention, and a number of them ratifying the 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court, it has become self-evident that these countries will fulfill their international obligations resulting from that. It includes criminalizing enforced disappearance and punishing it in its internal penal legislation. It has been achieved in a number of them by issuing legislation in this regard, while many others are still in the preparation stage for their issuance. It raises several questions about the criminal policy followed by these countries in dealing with cases of enforced disappearance.

Summary:
This study investigates the semantic connections between derivatives of the stem \\"פ.ל.ל\\" (P-L-L) related to prayer and those carrying legal connotations. The study challenged the notion that there is no etymological link between these forms and presented philological evidence to support the view that prayer reflects the concept of legal appeal. This conclusion finds strong support from semantic parallels in the Hittite language, where prayer terminology and content mirror legal supplication.
In the Hebrew Bible, the root \\"פ.ל.ל\\" appears primarily in the hitpa\\'el form of the verb and as the noun \\"תפילה\\" (prayer). These forms occur together 155 times. All other forms of the root P-L-L appear in the Bible only 11 times. Additionally, four personal names were created with the root P-L-L. The two main forms (hitpa\\'el verb and prayer) represent a well-defined and clear semantic field: \\"to pray\\" and \\"prayer.\\"
Examples from the verb \\"ברך\\" (bless) demonstrate how blessing and prayer serve to express requests and supplications on behalf of another person. They stem from a deep desire to bring good, protection, and blessing upon the recipient.
The relationship between prayer and confession is complex and varies across different periods in Jewish culture. In the Bible, confession serves as an integral part of supplication, while in the Mishnah, thanksgiving often replaces confession. In rare instances, the term \\"הודה\\" (to confess) appears in the sense of confession. Shared Terminology: Both prayer and praise and thanksgiving employ shared terms such as \\"קרא בשם ה\\'\\" (call upon the name of the Lord), \\"זכר את ה\\'\\" (remember the Lord), and \\"נשיאת כפים\\" (raising of hands). Synonyms: For the terms \\"הודה\\" and \\"ברך,\\" which express gratitude, synonyms like \\"הלל\\" (to praise) and \\"תהילה\\" (praise) express praise.

Abstract
Learning to read is a very important skill for students to become good at English. In the Reading activity, students need to be able to recognize words, understand what they read, and read smoothly. By reading, the students can understand and understand English text. One way teachers help students improve their reading skills is by using Elkonin Boxes Strategy.
This research wants to see if using Elkonin Boxes Strategy helps college students who are learning English as a foreign language to get better at reading. It also wants to see if there is a difference in how well students can recognize words and how well they can say or write them. It also wants to see if there is a big difference between how well boys and girls do in reading in English.
This study will include all the new students in the English Department at Tikrit University for the school year (2021-2022). We picked 60 students and put them into two groups, with the same number of students in each group. To meet the goals of this study, we created an experiment. Both groups learned the same things. The first group of students is taught using the Elkonin Boxes Strategy, and the second group is taught using the teacher's usual method. A test has been made, checked, and given to the two groups. The necessary information has been gathered and examined using statistics. The results of the study prove that the group using the Elkonin Boxes Strategy did better in reading than the group that did not use the strategy. This shows that the strategy is a good way to teach reading.

Abstract
Ahmed Alsaadawi's (1973) novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) portrays the complex psychological tax of war through the lens of trauma and repression, using characters like the Whatsitsname, Hadi, Elishva, and Mahmoud to explore the profound impact of violence on the human psyche. Accordingly, the present research paper aims to study and discuss the trauma, repression and the negative impact of war in Alsaadawi's Frankenstein in Baghdad. The paper discusses the effect of war through a psychoanalytic perspective by applying Judith Herman's (2015) ideas that concern violence, abuse and the political terror. The problem of the research is the extent to which the terrible experiences of the war contribute to the formation of individual and collective identity of people in post war. The paper is hypothesized to provide a deeper understanding of how trauma is processed and repressed in the novel. Keywords: violence, Trauma, murder, evil, Frankenstein

Abstract
Sahar Mustafa’s novel The Beauty of Your Face is a tale of suffering of a Palestinian family immigrated to America woven around collective and individual memory, trauma, and a sense of disintegration of the self. Memory and history are interchangeably used in the novel. The first-generation immigrants suffer from displacement and identity crisis and their memory of past life triggers mental agony as they have a traumatic past. The couple fails to integrate into their new community. However, the second generation, i.e., their three children, despite being born and brought up in America, suffer for lack of opportunities for integration as they are constantly reminded of their cultural differences and told again and again that they didn’t belong there. The protagonist, Afaf, at one point in her life, when she feels totally lost, finds an opportunity to return to her primordial self through her religion and realizes that it is there that she feels a sense of belonging as her religious community is more than welcoming to her. I employ theoretical tenets from memory studies and postcolonial studies to argue that Sahar Mustafa, like several other fiction writers of memory and trauma, uses trauma and memory as a trope to represent the effects of colonialism on individual and collective lives, especially their loss of identity and disintegration of the self.

Abstract
This study aimed to explore language selection in shop signs in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq from a sociolinguistic perspective. It was guided by two main questions regarding language choice and attitudes toward the languages used. The research focused on shop signs in three distinct areas of Sulaymaniah: Zargatt, Qwlran, and Bustan. A convenience sample of 100 participants was selected. The researchers employed a sociolinguistic questionnaire, which included three sections, alongside a survey of approximately 150 shop signs in the chosen areas. The findings revealed two primary categories of shop signs: monolingual and bilingual. Additionally, the results showed a growing trend in the use of Kurdish and foreign names, particularly in Kurdish, Arabic and Persian. Shop owners generally expressed positive attitudes towards incorporating foreign names alongside with Kurdish and Arabic for their businesses.

Abstract
Linguistically speaking, there is no language in the world that does not contain foreign words, as languages influence each other throughout history as is a natural phenomenon.
There are many words that have structural and phonetic similarities between Arabic and Turkish. We can say that some Turkish words that entered and influenced the Baghdadi dialect have changed in terms of pronunciation, meaning and form.
This study aims at studying the phonetic characteristics of the Turkish words used in the Baghdadi dialect, and to address the phonetic events of Turkish words used in the Baghdadi dialect specifically, which constitute a place among the phonetic features that are still used very clearly, and to reveal such phonetic events according to the way they occur.

Abstract:
Through the use of the ARDL model, a perfect instrument for examining the long-term link between economic factors, the study seeks to examine the relationship between oil price and monetary variables. Additionally, the study aims to determine the degree to which changes in the price of oil affect Iraq's monetary liquidity and exchange rate. To confirm the research hypothesis and employ standard procedures, standard models were constructed based on yearly data. The research found a long-term relationship (Co- integration) between the independent and dependent variables, according to the joint integration model (ARDL), and using the standard method, it became clear that the relationship between the independent variable OP, which expresses the oil price, and the broad money supply variable M2 is a direct relationship, i.e. Assuming that all other variables influencing the model remain constant, a 1% increase in the price of oil results in a.0050776 million dinar increase in the variable M2, and a drop has the opposite effect. There is no long-term equilibrium relationship between the oil price variable and the exchange rate in Iraq, and this result is contrary to the economic reality for rentier countries that depend heavily on oil revenues. Based on these results, the study recommends the necessity of the monetary authority adopting economic policies aimed at diversifying sources of public revenues and Monetary liquidity, and reducing dependence on oil as a primary source, given its association with fluctuations in global markets and its impact on oil shocks.

Abstract
This paper aims to describe the implicit meaning of speech act of insisting and its using in both languages English and Arabic and how to translate this verb from English into Arabic since there are many differences in cultural and structural of both languages. Speech acts play an important role in our daily conversations, we use speech act verbs every day and in every dialogue, this means that our daily conversations can be considered as a large network of speech acts. There are many speech act verbs have not yet investigated and analyzed in systematically way, insist one of these verbs.
This research tries to shed some lights on the speech act theory in general and on the implicit meaning of the English speech act of insisting in particular. This research consists of eight parts. Part one is an introductory about the speech act theory; part two is assigned for the classification of speech act; part three sheds light on the implicit performatives; part four dwells on the concept of the felicity conditions; part five exhibits the concept of insist; part six is assigned for the felicity conditions of insist; part seven represents the practical part of this research; part eight is assigned for findings of this research and their discussion.
In the final of this abstract, we can conclude that such topic will certainly be useful for researchers and scholars working within the following fields of pragmatics, semantics and stylistics.

Abstract: The study explores the interplay between gesture and verbal metaphor in everyday communication through the lens of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and multimodal discourse analysis (MDA). While CMT posits that metaphors shape our understanding of abstract concepts, this research investigates how gestures complement, enhance, or modify these metaphorical expressions. By analyzing conversational data, including video recordings of natural interactions, the study identifies how gestures align with or diverge from verbal metaphors, providing additional context and emotional nuance. Utilizing Kress and van Leeuwen’s framework of multimodal analysis, the research examines the representational, interactive, and compositional meanings of gestures in relation to metaphorical language. The findings reveal that gestures not only reinforce but can also expand or alter the meaning of metaphors, offering a more comprehensive understanding of multimodal communication. This integration of cognitive linguistics and multimodal discourse analysis provides new insights into how physical actions contribute to the construction and interpretation of metaphorical concepts.

Abstract
This study conducts a socio-stylistic analysis of online communication, focusing on the interplay of language and identity within English and Arabic social media posts. As social media platforms have become central to personal expression and community engagement, understanding how language reflects and shapes identity in different cultural contexts is crucial. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, analyzing linguistic features, stylistic choices, and the socio-cultural implications of language use in both English and Arabic posts. Findings reveal distinct patterns of identity construction and negotiation, highlighting the role of language as a marker of cultural affiliation and social belonging. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital communication, offering insights into the complexities of multilingual identity in the digital age.

Abstract
Language can be analyzed to be the core of ideological studies as it is one of the major ways through which meaning is transferred in the social world. Naming and describing as a tool of textual conceptual function is of a very great value in unfolding the writer\'s attitude concerning the referent he utilizes. The problem of study raises the question: How naming and describing are functioned to produce ideological effects? The paper presents a theoretical background of the term naming and describing for their dominant use in the texts and their effectiveness in interpreting the hidden ideologies. The linguistic models adopted are: A University Grammar of English proposed by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum (1973) and Critical Stylistics-The Power of English adopted by Jeffries, L. (2010). The paper aims at (1) identifying grammatically naming and describing as a tool of textual conceptual function. (2) trying to figure out why the writer chooses a specific noun among all the available alternatives, why he uses a particular adjective to modify the noun and why he uses the nominalization process by converting the verb into a noun. The paper has arrived at: (1) Naming and Describing plays a prominent role in shaping ideological implications. (2) Consistency of a text is enhanced by grammar, which guarantees that ideas flow logically. A smooth reading experience is produced by the cooperation of grammar and stylistics.