Journal of University of Babylon

During the study period,45 samples were taken from female patients who complaining from vaginal infections. Cultural and biochemical characterization were performed followed by using api -20 E system for more accurate diagnosis. Results showed that out of the total number of samples, 36 isolates belonged to Enterobacteriaceae. In order to determine the susceptibility of the isolate to trimethoprim, disk diffusion method was used where results showed that 10 of 16 Escherichia coli isolates were resistant, all five Proteus mirabilis isolates were also resistant, while 2 of 5 isolates of Enterobacter cloacae were resistant, and 7 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible, 3 were resistant and 1 isolate was intermediate.
Genetic detection of distribution of dfrA7 gene among isolates were performed by polymerase chain reaction technique. Most E.coli possessed this gene, only 2 isolates of P. mirabilis, 3 of E.cloacae, and K.pneumoniae with one isolate.

Abstract
Image denoising is one of the most significant tasks in medical image processing due to the significant information obtained by these images related to the human body or the tissues of the body’s organs. So, many methods have been proposed for removing the noise that affects the medical images. In this research a new algorithm has been proposed for denoisning medical images work in spatial domain. A new algorithm depends on the idea that combine between characteristic of different filters which work in spatial domain with adaptive sizes of windows for reaching to the acceptance results in remove noise from medical images. This algorithm called Adaptive Window Wiener Filter (AWWF). Two types of medical images and noise that corrupt these medical image used in this research. The first type is Poisson noise which corrupts X-ray medical images and the second type is Rician noise which corrupts MRI medical images. The algorithm begins with using a median filter on a noisy image to get the blurred version of the image. Then using an edge detection algorithm, the edges detection of the resulted blurred image is found by using the Prewitt operator. Then Wiener filter of variable size windows is applied throughout the noisy image to suppress the noise. The window size is made bigger in homogenous and smooth regions and is made smaller in edge and complex regions.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients reflects the average blood glucose level, and will not be affected by variability in blood glucose in short time.
The aim of the study is to compare between fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in determining the glycemic control and estimate blood pressure, body mass index(BMI),serum cholesterol and triglyceride in type 2 diabetic patients .
The study was carried out during the period from 1st July to 31st September 2014 in Kirkuk Azadi teaching Hospital . The study included 75 samples of type 2 diabetic patients their ages 21-71 years old were taken randomly and 40 samples of control subjects.The type 2 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed based on the family history and clinical examination of the patient . 4 ml of fasting venous blood samples were collected from each diabetic patients and control group. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were determined by enzymatic method and HbA1C was determined by quantitative colorimetric of glycohaemoglobin in whole blood measured spectrophotometrically .
The results showed the higher incidence of diabetic patients in female( 82.6%) than male (17.4% ) . The result illustrate the high occurrence of type 2 diabetes at age 61-70 and 51-60 years which recorded 22.6% and 21.3% in female group while in male group the higher incidence at age 51-60years followed by 41-50 years old with percentage 9.3%, 5.3% respectively . Statistical analysis showed significant increase in systolic pressure(p<0.05) in diabetic patients . 38.6% of diabetic patients have overweight followed 32%are obese class-1-while only 4.6% have normal weight . Also the result showed increase in mean value of serum cholesterol and triglyceride which recorded 210 mg/dl and 176.5 mg /dl respectively compared to control group(p<0.01) . 9.3% of diabetic patients have polycystic ovary and 17.3% of them have family history of diabetes .The present study revealed increase in fasting plasma sugar concentration (273.3mg/dl) and ( HbA1c 8.9%) in diabetic group compared to control group (p<0.001) .The sensitivity and specificity and positive predictive value of HbA1c was reported 82%, 54% and 89% respectively. According to WHO classification of HbA1C in diabetic patients , the results indicated 73.3% of diabetic patients were poor control ,17.3% fair control and 9.3% were good control Conclusion:. HbA1c is not recommended as a diagnostic or a screening test while it is considered a marker of evaluation of long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients and predict risks for the development and progression of diabetic complications.

Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) has been used to study phylogenetic relationship among two breeds of chicken like Aseel and Brahma breeds. Particular results for each breed were obtained by these methods. RAPD-PCR of 30 samples of these chicken breeds amplified with 6 primers. The six primers were used to amplify the bands of Aseel breed and Brahma breed respectively. According to this study, a total bands amplified were 24, about 66.9% of these amplified primers (17 bands) were polymorphic within Aseel breed, while a total bands amplified were 28, about 70.95% of these amplified primers (20 bands) were polymorphic within Brahma breed. Therefore, this study explains the utility of DNA testing (RAPD-PCR) in detection of genetic diversity through two poultry breeds.

The purpose of cloud computing is the use of internet based web service, Salesforce is a cloud computing platform used to access to the different organizations information using application programming interfaces(API) in a simple, powerful, and secure way . The client application- Salesforce integration based Web services (SOAP) used is for data transportation or data exchange over cloud. The result of implementation of integration can be previewed through (Developer Console) at Salesforce side.

In this paper, we define a weighted norm to construct a weighted L_(p,α)-space for 2π-periodic functions. Then, we prove that any f∈L_(p,α) ([-π,π]^m ) is approximated by a feedforward neural network with sigmoidal hidden neuron in terms of ω_k (f,δ)_(p,α), That’s what we called Neural Networks Trigonometric Approximation.

We introduce the mixed 1st modulus of smoothness of functions in Lp(Χ), for p<1, for Peano continuum Χ. Then we define a mixed rth modulus of smoothness of functions in Lp(Χ). Some properties and direct theorems for these moduli of smoothness are proved.

The compose among the wavelets functions from different families, such RASP family with other(s) from SLOG family with normal membership function, such Gaussian membership function, that apply some condition for wavelets. That through fourth order composes to get on new membership function we will call it (GaSLR)membership function(from words Gaussian SLOG RASP), with combined features from the functions that it were constructed from it, this function could be used as activation function in several models such as; Fuzzy Neural Networks, Wavenets, and other Neural Networks .

Surface sections of the Nfayil Formation (Middle Miocene) and Injana Formation (Upper Miocene) are studied in Abdulla Abo-Najam area Al-QadissiyaGovernorate Middle of Iraq. The Nfayil Formation consists of marls interbedded with limestones and marly limestone while the Injana Formation consists of alternating sandstones, siltstones and claystone. The Nfayil Formation is deposited mainly within the restricted, shoal and shallow open marine conditions. While Injana Formation is deposited in meandering river.
Seven 4th order cycles can be recognized within the Nfayil- Injana succession in the study area. These cycles are asymmetrical and each represent period of sea level rise following episode of stillstand. A type two sequence boundary (SB-2) occurs between the Nfayil Formation and the Injana Formation. This succession is developed in an area of low subsidence, which reflects the major effect of eustacy as the main controlling factor in sequence development.
Engineering Geological Survey results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength of rocks in the study area ranges from the maximum value of 36 N/mm2 in Nfayil Formation, to the minimum value of 8 N/mm2 in Nfayil Formation, and the average is 22.865 N/mm2 depending on the point load index (Is)., in the study area the uniaxial compressive strength is classified into very low to low uniaxial compressive strength.

The present study aimed to detect the levels of ( IgM and IgG) immunoglobulins and levels of Interleukin – 4 (IL-4) in their sera of women diabetic patients in Kirkuk Governorate. The study included a collection of venous blood samples from 110 women with DM in age ranged from (15-35) years . Out of 110 DM samples positive results by Immunochromatography method detected in 2 samples (1.81%) IgM only24 (21.8%) positive samples for IgG only and 1(0.9%) samples showed positive results for both IgM and IgG for rubella virus respectively .Same samples retested with ELISA for detection of IgG which revealed 22(20%) samples were positive IgG of rubella virus . The sensitivity , specificity, predictive value , accuracy rate, positive concordance rate, negative concordance rate, total concordance rate and total disconcordance rate of Immunochromatography test was 85.1% , 96.3 %, 92%, 92.6%, 28% , 64.6% , 92.68% and 7.3% respectively. Regarding Interleukin – 4 (IL-4) levels current study revealed that there was an elevation in concentration of the cytokine ( IL – 4 ) in rubella virus infected patients serum ( 68.7 ) pg/ml when compared with control group .

Hyperhomocysteinaemia has emerged as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease . In non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM ), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major macrovascular complication . The present study was conducted to examine the effect of homocysteine concentration and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients . Sixty type 2 diabetic patient were studied .These patients were categorized to good glycemic control (30) , poor glycemic control (30) diabetic patients and (30 ) healthy volunteers were enrolled in to the study as controls . The degree of glycemic control in diabetic patients was evaluated by HbA1c concentration.
Significant increases were obtained in HbA1c concentration and total serum of homocysteine levels in patients as whole compared with corresponding control values .Although HbA1c concentration was significantly higher in good glycemic control compared to poor glycemic control but there was no significant difference in homocysteine levels in patients with good and poor glycemic control .
These results suggest that there is an elevation of serum homocysteine level in type 2 diabetic patients , however there is no association between homocysteine levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes .

Classification is predicting of a correct output for related inputs. This is done by using many techniques, some of them depends on a training process that uses set of features and its related output. In the training process, the algorithm finds the relationships between the features and its related output. In this work, classification heart disease is done using genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithm is used to get best successful system of classification. The chromosome consists of the states using for classification, this means every gene acts state from database. Database is clustered to chromosome to find fitness of chromosome(accuracy of classification).

Background
Trace elements are essential components of biological structures, some of them play an important role as anticancer and others can be toxic at concentrations beyond those necessary for their biological functions.
Aim
The objective is to examine changes in serum concentration of trace elements (Cobalt (Co), Germanium (Ge), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni) and Vanadium (V)), Mg and hematological changes in Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving therapy.
Materials and methods
The study was included 25 patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 25 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) as compared with 50 healthy subjects.
Serum concentration of trace elements are measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and packed cell volume or hematocrit (Hct) are determined.
Results
Statistical analysis of data demonstrated significant decrease (p<0.001) in Mg and Co concentration and (p<0.01) in Ge concentration in patients with lymphomas receiving therapy as compared with healthy adults.
V and Ni concentrations are significantly increased (p<0.001) in patients with lymphomas receiving therapy as compared with healthy adults.
The study shows significant decrease (p<0.05) in Hb concentration and Hct percentage in patients with lymphomas receiving chemotherapy as compared with healthy subjects. It revealed significant decrease (p<0.005) in female patients with lymphoma who receive chemotherapy.
Significant decrease (p<0.001) in TLC in patients with lymphomas receiving therapy as compared with healthy adults are observed.
Conclusion
Lymphoma patients receiving therapy are often low in Mg, Ge and Co levels while Ni and V levels are high in patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
There is a significant decreased in TLC in patients with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma whose are receiving chemotherapy..
Anemia occurred in patient with lymphomas as a side effect of chemotherapy.

In this paper we introduce a Jackson type theorem for the approximation of function f In L_p (R^d) by exponential neural networks.

The most basic step in understanding gene regulated is performed by identifying the target genes regulated by transcription factors (TFs) Proteins. Protein is produced by Transcription factors Proteins that promote or repress transcription of other genes; they play a very important role in gene networking and affecting for occurring the disease. The analysis of gene expression of time series underpins various biological studies. This work has focused on the difference in transcriptional regulation between two strains of mice. The mice were considered in two forms Wild type SOD1-G93A and Ntg mutations (SOD1 is a transcription factor Protein that induces ALS). The data interest because the phenotype of the two mutant strains differs. One of the strains succumbs to ALS far quicker than the other; we suggested a model to infer Transcription Factor Proteins Activities and correlated with genes targeted. We build Gaussian process with particular covariance function for reconstructing transcription factor activities given gene expression profiles and a connectivity matrix, and we introduce a computational trick, based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to enable us to efficiently fit the Gaussian process in a reduce ’TF activity ’ space. Performing the basic step in understanding regulated genes is identifying these genes by transcription factors. Gaussian processes offer an attractive trade-off between usability and efficiency for the analysis of microarray time series. The Gaussian process framework with Coregionalization model offer a natural way of handling biological replicates and correlated output and inferred the activity of Transcription factors Proteins for four cases the genes alter its behavior, we proved the significates TF using DAVID to analysis pathway.

Background: Several studies assessed gene and protein expression of p21 in endometrial carcinoma(EC), and mention that P21 represent an important participant in EC Cell invasion and metastasis ,while some researchers indicat that there were no apparent differences in immunostaining for p21.Other studies found that p27 expression significantly reduced in the endometrial carcinoma and inactivation ofP27 proteins is a specific feature in the progression of this cancer. Methodology: This study has used Immunohistochemistry for detection the gene expression of p21 and p27 in tissue specimens from 70 hysterectomized patients diagnosed with malignant uterine tumors (30 cases), non-malignant uterine tumors (25 cases),and 15 cases as control tissues groups.
Results: The results of moleculare detection of P21 revealed12 (40%) in malignant uterine tumor 8(32%) non-malignant uterine tumor and 5(33.3%) in control groups and low expression of P27 revealed in all groups :5 (16.7%) in malignant uterine tumor 6(24%) non-malignant uterine tumor and 2(13.3%) in control groups.
Conclusions: Decrease in expression of P21 was found mostly in malignant endometrial uterine tumors and this expressions occur could have correlated to the an early events of their tumorgenesis while low expression of P27 in hysterectomized patients mostly appear in non-malignant uterine tumors at the endometrial sites.

Composite materials consist of merging two materials or more are different in mechanical and physical properties, The aim of research is to study the effect of changing in the rainforcment percentage by fly ash in mechanical Properties ,for composite material consist of NBR rubber rainforced by carbon black (40pphr)and fly ash (0,15,18,20,23,26,30 pphr), which included tensile strength, modulus, elongation, hardness, tear, rasillince, after rainforced NBR rubber with different weight percentage from fly ash and study the effect on above Properties as illustrated in the diagrams.

Potassium tetrachloro platinum (II) complex was synthesized by the redox reaction between potassium hexachloro platinum (IV) and hydrazine dihydrochloride as a reducing agent. During the preparation processes certain circumstances lead to the improvement of the percentage yield and its purity and prevent its conversion to platinum metal. The prepared materials (hydrazine dihydrochoride, potassium hexachloro platinum (IV) and potassium tetrachloro platinum (II) was identified by spectral techniques (UV–Visib., FTIR and XRD) and the physical constants and properties of the products. The final product (potassium tetrachloro platinum (II) was a red needle crystals that confirm its good purity. The percentage yield was 98%.

This paper presents a hybrid method for digital video scenes recognition which uses recognition to group pixels into known object for each frame. The chromaticity is used as data source for the method because it is normalized. The recognition is carried out by means of an Evolutionary Algorithm from type Mijn-EA, which is employed to obtain the best clusters that represent each frame and number of seeds in each frame. Then, conversion the color space for each cluster from RGB to HSV to fined the textural features of co-occurrence matrix. After that the pixels for each cluster recognition according to the identified classes. The number of classes is a priori unknown and the Evolutionary Algorithm that implements the Mijn-EA is used to determine the main clusters. The detection of the classes in the LVQ3 is done using a texture features. The obtained results substantiate the feasibility of the method and the accuracy.

Background: Electrolytes concentration and body fluid volume were regulated mainly under the control of renal system. Defect in renal perfusion may lead to alteration in renal function which will lead to imbalance in body fluid and electrolyte. The pneumoperitoneum induced by abdominal laparoscopic procedure may caused defects in renal perfusion and this will lead to impairment of renal concentrating ability.
Objective: This work is aimed to assess the renal concentration ability among patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgical operations.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 70 patients who were undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgical operations at Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital and 70 healthy subjects as volunteers, the period of study were from November 2015 to August 2016. Full history and physical examination was performed on all the study subjects. The history involved any past history of ischemic heart diseases, renal disease or those who presented with impaired renal function and diabetes mellitus in pre-operative examination were excluded from the study. The following parameters were done for all patients and controls: plasma creatinine (Pcr), plasma sodium (PNa), plasma osmolarity (Posm), urine creatinine (Ucr), urine sodium (UNa) and urine osmolarity (Uosm). The values of urine and plasma of different parameters were used for calculation of the osmolar clearance (Cosm), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), free water clearance (CH2O) and creatinine clearance (Ccr).
Results: The mean values of Pcr for patients enrolled in this study were significantly higher after operation than that before operations (P ˂ 0.001). While there was a significant decrease in the means of UNa, Uosm, Cosm, Ccr and PNa after operation in comparison with the preoperative values (for all P ˂ 0.001). On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the mean of Posm and FENa after operation in comparison with the preoperative values. Also, this study revealed significant changes in CH2O; there were 62:70 (88.6 %) of patients had negative CH2O, and 8:70 (11.4 %) who had positive CH2O in pre-operative collected samples. However, after operation 52:70 (74.3 %) of patients who had positive CH2O, and only 18:70 (25.7%) had negative CH2O, (P<0.05).
Conclusions: In this study, we found that the abdominal laparoscopic operations had an effect on concentrating ability of the kidneys. The osmolar clearance and free water clearance were simple and inexpensive tests for measurement of renal concentrating ability.

Today the security becomes an important issue of communication and the need of it information has become a necessity. The proposed article provides a method encrypts text and hide it inside a digital image. This article included many stages where the first stage reverse the plain text while in the second stage the text is encrypted using a Groth algorithm and third stage is hide the text inside digital image using the method of least significant bit where cipher text is spread inside bits of color bands (RGB)in a manner that does not affect on the final image, this method is considered more effective and ease in hiding process.

Abstract
Computer simulations provides a powerful tool for the investigation of liquid crystalline phases. In this work, the ability of simulations to accurately calculate the values of material parameters of liquid crystal molecules is investigated. A geometry optimization for liquid crystal molecules is performed using density functional theory DFT-B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) calculations on Schiff’s bases substituted with polar groups Cl, Br, F, I, NO2, CH3, OCH3 and COCH3 in para position or aniline moiety molecules, which encompass key structural features of a range of common liquid crystalline molecules. Molecular quantum mechanical simulations of these 'fragment' molecules are carried out in the liquid crystal phase to investigate correlations between dihedral angles and liquid crystal’s Smectic and Nematic phases. Density electronic distribution effect is also studied. The study of geometry and especially the value of the dihedral angle for core of molecule and phases showed the effect of the dihedral angle value to specify the type of the phase (Smectic or Nematic) for molecules in liquid crystals studied. Molecules that gave the Nematic phase had dihedral angle larger than those that showed Smectic phase for molecules in liquid crystals studied.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of cinnamon (Satureja hortensis L.) powder (SP) and cinnamon extract (SE) on the performance, blood parameters and microbial population of broilers. One hundred fifty Ross 308 strain day old broiler in a completely randomized design with five treatments (three replicates per treatment and each replicate had 10 chicks) were categorized. Treatments included group 1: no additive (control), group 2: 1.5% cinnamon powder in feed, group 3: 3% cinnamon powder in feed, group 4: 200 ppm cinnamon extract in drinking water, group 5: 300 ppm cinnamon extract in drinking water. for six weeks. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and mean comparison was conducted by Duncan method. The results determined that using different levels of cinnamon has significant effects on feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio blood parameters (P<0.05) but the glucose concentration in the experimental treatment was not significantly different (P>0.05). The results also determined that amount of Lactobacilli and Escherichia Coli was significantly influenced by experimental treatments (P<0.05).

The optical properties of polystyrene – Cd(NO3)2. 4H2O composites has been described by the measurement of changes in the UV_visible light absorption spectrum. Polymer composites exhibits a new UV- visible absorption band at a wavelength range (226-235) nm, which is attributed to the interchange interaction. The optical transmission method is successfully used to determine the absorption coefficient (α), dielectric constant and energy gap of four samples. The studies show strongly dependent on the nature of the material and the radiation type.

Some parameters for optimizing conditions to gallic acid extraction from Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were studied. Results revealed that maximum yield of gallic acid (GA) was obtained by using 50% ethanol as extraction solvent at 40 Cᵒ for 24 hrs .Antioxidant activity of the resulted extract was evaluated against the free radical ABTS, results showed that E.camaldulensis is a good antioxidant source since it gave the same IC50 of the standard antioxidant trolox. GA was purified from the mentioned extract by 95% ethanol extraction and adsorption chromatography using sephadex LH-20 .HPLC analysis and FTIR spectra confirmed that the purified GA was identical to the standard GA.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with titanium dioxide (TiO2 -P25) were synthesized by simple dipping and evaporation method. This method was used for synthesis of different ratios of titanium dioxide loaded on MWNTs (P25/X%MWNT, where X=0.25, 0.5 and 1). Experimental results also proved that MWNT/ TiO2 nanocomposites display relatively higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of Cobalamin. The enhancements in the activity for the nanocomposites in the existence of MWNTs or synergetic effect were explained to be related to the increasing of the surface area of synthesized composites and the transition of the excited electron from conduction band (CB) of TiO2 to the surfaces of MWNTs leading to reducing the recombination of formed electrons and holes.

Background: Needle EMG may be negative in mild or predominantly sensory lumbosacral radiculopathies. In such cases, an increase in the latency of the soleus H-reflex is a useful diagnostic criterion for establishing sensory fiber compromise at the S1 root level. However, if clinical signs of radicular involvement are lacking, we therefore studied the H-reflex latency and amolitude in patients with radiculopathy in order to determine if there is any evidence to support the assumption that the H-reflex parameters changes are the earlier sign and more sensitive criterion for detecting mild S1 root dysfunction than traditional NCS and EMG, Patients and Methods: Clinical and electrophysiological findings from 38 patients with back pain and radiculopathy were compared with data obtained from 40 healthy subjects. All participant underwent bilateral EMG and late response (F-wafe and H-reflex) testing Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations for age, H-reflex amplitudes, H-reflex latencies, side-to-side H/H and side-to-side latency differences of all participants were calculated using SPSS.
Results: patients showed significant H-reflex amplitude asymmetry compared to healthy controls (p≤0.5). The H/H ratios were 0.5 in patients group and 0.8 in the healthy controls which were significantly different. Soleus H-reflex latencies, soleus side-to-side latency differences of all participants was significantly longer in patients (p≤0.5). in this study only 52.6% of the patients had EMG changes. 42.1% had prolonged F-wave latenym while 83.2% had abnormal H reflex parameters.
Conclusion: The study of soleus H-reflex parameters may be usefully associated to the F0wave and needel EMG study to detect possible S1 root dysfunction in mild lumbosacral radiculopathies. The H-reflex parameters changes may be the earliest abnormality in absence of focal neurological signs.

Many crosslinked polymers have been prepared through many steps, including the esterification of triethanolamine with maleic anhydride toproduce compound (A1) then the carboxylic acid groups of (1) were converted to amide attachments when they reacted with some drug-NH2, The unsaturated maleamides (A2-A5) were polymerized free radically by using dibenzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 90℃. such as Amoxicillin, 4-Amino antipyrine, Cephalexin, and Procaine drug polymers (A6-A9).All prepared monomers and polymers have been characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR and UV. Spectroscopies. The swelling percentage is higher than 90%. The rate of hydrolysis of a controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37℃, at λmax, 270nm and 220nm in basic and acidic medium. TGA and DSC are recorded; It isappeared that the prepared drug polymers have high thermal properties.

In this research,we introduce a new definitions of resolvable spaces of the depended on the idea:Weakly-I-dense ,I-dense,T*-dense and dense.The definitions are: WI-resolvable space, e-resolvable space, WI-I-resolvable space, WI-T*-resolvable space, WI-T-resolvable space, I-T*-resolvable space, I-T-resolvable space and T*-T-resolvable space. We prove various results in the field resolvable space.

In this paper, one type of Volterra integral equations (VIEs) is classified as nth-order VIE of fourth-kind. This class of nth-order, fourth-kind VIE usually occurs in many fields of physics and engineering. A new iteration technique is proposed to solve a class of Volterra integral equations. The nth-order VIE of fourth-kind is converted to nth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE). The ODE is solved by using variational iteration method (VIM). It shows that the variational iteration method (VIM) is efficient and powerful integrator for dealing with this class of integral equations. Some examples are solved to illustrate the effectiveness and simplicity of the proposed method.The comparison of the results using VIM with analytical solutions reveals that VIM is very effective, convenient and quite accurate to both linear and nonlinear problems.

The present study is aimed to determine some aspects of microbiological and hematological studies occurring in burn patients . the study included 40 individuals 30 patients and 10 control at the period from January -2013 to July-2013 in burn units of Al-Hilla general teaching hospital the microbiologic results show four genus of bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa 46.6% ,Staphylococcus aureus 23,3%,Escherichia coli 13.3% and klebsilla pneumoniae 16.6% in burn wound swap while the hematological results show elevated in WBC count in patients and decreased in PCV compared with control.

In this article we estimate the degree of 3-monotone uniform multiapproximation to get a Jackson type estimation as a direct consequence.

This paper involves the study the effect of differences in calcination temperatures on the prepared couple Nb2O5/Sb2O3 oxide at percentage 1:1 with 400,500and 600 C0 of calcination temperature and it was characterized by x-ray diffraction . degradation test for orange G dye was carried out to determine photocatalyst activity for new couple Nb2O5/Sb2O3 oxide . The photocatalyst experiments was performed at mass of the catalyst ( 0.05-0.3) g, pH solution in the range (2 -9) and dye concentration 10 ppm were monitored as a function of time at wavelength of 475 nm with recording optical absorbance. The photocatalyst destruction of Orange G dye was found to follow first order kinetics. The results indicate that 0.15 g was the best weight of the catalyst and the best pH for degradation orange G dye was at pH of solution equal to 6.8.

This study is one application of Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) that is using Naked Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5) as a photocatalyst to degrade the industrial Malachite Green dye. Malachite Green is used in many industries such as leather, silk, paper, plastic and others. This research involved Study different factors of photodegradation [weight of catalyst (0.03 – 0.3) g, initial concentration of dye (5 – 15) ppm, temperature (5 – 25) ℃, light intensity (2.3 – 3.5) mW / cm2, pH (2 – 8), adding of hydrogen peroxide (0.5 – 2) mL and type of gas (air, N2)].

Breast cancer is the greatest frequently cancer that occurs in women. This study was carried out on different groups of female albino rats Rattus rattus, that are immunized by different forms of antigens prepared from a cell line of human breast cancer T47d. The current study has been designed to determine the immune response of rats for breast cancer cells antigens. The immune parameters IFN-α and TNF-α have been estimated. The results have shown the existence of a significant increase in the level of IFN-α in all treated groups compared with two control groups, and higher level shown in groups of rats that are injected by freezing antigen mixed with adjuvant, heating killed antigen and chemical killed antigen compared with other groups, which reached to 1.783±0.143,1.766±0.0.183 and 1.708±0.175 (ng/ml) respectively. The level of TNF-α reveals a significant increase in the treatment groups compared with control groups, and the highest level has been in groups of rats injected by freezing killed antigen mixed with an adjuvant and also by chemical killed antigen with an adjuvant which reached to 0.265±0.045 and 0.242±0.067 (ng/ml) respectively.

Image watermarking is widely used as a tool for copyright protection and authentication. We propose to embed two visible watermarks in a host image for enhancing protection and strength. If one of watermarks is tampered, the other watermark is used as a support to the first one. We propose three watermarking schemes called visible dual watermarking using wavelet transform; two schemes are working in wavelet domain and the other is a mixture of spatial and wavelet domains. The Proposed watermarking method is robust against attacks like DCT, DWT and JPEG compression schemes, and some geometric manipulation like image resizing.

In this research additive noise has been removed from color images by using a new method depends on processing the chromatic components (Hue and Saturation), and lightness component, basic YCbCr color space. Several algorithms are used as Weiner filter , the bilateral filter , anisotropic filter and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm with standard deviation of noise between (10-80). In order to know the best algorithm , PSNR values are calculated where he found that the best algorithm is the PCA algorithm, followed by Wiener filter.

Cardio- pulmonary bypass affects the homeostatic system of the body through the effect of heparinization, hemodilution and hypothermia,which represent the major challenges on the homeostatic system.Other factors, like pre-operative aspirin use, old age and CPB time, also affect the homeostatic system. The aim of the study is to find factors which are related to excessive blood loss following open-heart surgery, and to study blood transfusion practice in these patients. The importance of FB transfusion, especially autologous blood, in open-heart surgery was also studied. Forty-eight adult patients, who underwent open-heart surgery over the period of 3 months, were studied. Data were collected from these patients to study their effects on the degree of post-operative blood loss. Thirteen patients (27%) had excessive blood loss (blood loss of >= 1000 ml within the first 24 hours post-operatively). The incidence of excessive blood loss was related to the number of units of FB which were given to the patients post-operatively. It was also found that blood loss can be related to patient’s age, CPB bypass time, type of surgery and pre-operative aspirin use.Two complications of blood transfusion were noted; allergic and pyrogenic reactions .

Background : Many patients with renal failure are complaining from sleep disorders specially those who undergoing hemodialysis. Insomnia , restless leg syndrome(RLS) ,excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep related breathing disorders are the most frequently reported sleep disorders.
Objectives: To investigate the proportion of common sleep disorders among uremic patients.
Method: This is a hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in Merjan Teaching Hospital during the period February 2015 to April 2015.
Eighty eight uremic patients (51 males and 37 females) admitted to dialysis center for hemodialysis and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study , were enrolled for the study. Information about socio-demographic characteristics (age , gender , occupation , marital status and education ) were collected. Sleep disorders were diagnosed by using specific questionnaire for each disorder.
Results : 66% of uremic patients were complaining from sleep disorders and 82.8% of them were above 60 years old. The commonest sleep disorder was insomnia ( 48.3%). There was significant association between presence of sleep disorders and the age of the patients and their body mass index.
Conclusion : The present study highlighted the importance of diagnosis sleep disorders among patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis because of their adverse impact on the mental and physical health of the uremic patients.

This research deals with the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) density functional theory calculations to calculate the geometry optimization and energies of donor-bridge-acceptor D-B-A molecular system. Depending on Koopman's theorem under the orbital-vertical theory, the electronic states ( HOMO and LUMO ) of such system has been calculated. The results showed that the hybrid functional used in the description of the studied molecular system has proved its validity in calculating the HOMO and LUMO energies and the other electronic properties, and it is suitable for studying the geometry optimization for the organic molecular system. The energy level diagram shows that there are localized orbitals in different parts of the D-B-A molecular system in which that satisfies important property for the D-B-A system as a molecular electronics.