Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

Jordan's foreign policy clearly leans towards what Britain, the United States of America and Israel dictate. The Jordanian government was between two things: the first was the pressure of the Jordanian masses who rejected Western alliances and supported unity with the Arab countries, and the second was the pressure of the major countries that pressured Jordan, exploiting Jordan's need for aid in order to join the Western alliances and reject unity among the Arab countries.

This research tackles the changes occur to some Arabic vowels or as they are known Long Vowels . These changes may take place due to certain effect rather than another. Such changes cause an effect on word structure concerning its sound based on the location of these sounds.
The research also presents an analysis of classical linguists' descriptions of sound changes and the way the dealt with it. The study also sheds light on the procedures they followed in dealing with this subject. Moreover and in addition to classical linguists' opinions, the study also elaborates the modern sound studies. Thus, a counterbalance analysis is made between the classical and modern heritages in order to make a precise analysis of what happed to these vowels whether in deletion or shortedness. Finally, the study will conclude the shortednes positions of long vowels (al-'Alef, al-Waw, and al-Ya') which are very much known among the classicist in their deletion, attempting at the same time to find out the reasons of their shortedness.

This research aims to identify (the effect of Jesco’s strategy on the literary achievement of fourth-grade students in sociology and developing their critical thinking)
To achieve the research goal, we developed the following hypotheses:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average achievement scores of the experimental group students who study using the Jesco strategy and the average achievement scores of the control group students who study using the regular method.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study using the Jesco strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study using the regular method in the critical thinking test.
The researcher prepared a test for student achievement of the (multiple choice) type consisting of (30) items, and a test of critical thinking skills consisting of (42) items of a variety of question types. Its validity (virtual and content), its discriminatory power, its difficulty factor, and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives were verified. Its reliability was extracted using the Kuder-Richardson-20 equation and Cronbach’s alpha, reaching (0.86) and (0.85) respectively for the achievement test and (0.85) and (0.82) for the achievement test. Critical thinking has good reliability coefficients.
The experimental procedures lasted (8) weeks, at the end of which a post-achievement test was applied. After two days, the test was applied to measure critical thinking skills, and the researcher used appropriate statistical methods.
To achieve the research objectives, the study resulted in the following results:
1. Jesco’s strategy is superior to the traditional method in the achievement of fourth-grade literary students in the subject of Principles of Philosophy and Sociology and in developing their critical thinking.
2. Jesco’s strategy made the lesson more lively and active, avoiding monotony and boredom as is usual in the traditional method.
3. GEsco’s strategy has proven its ability to make the student the focus of the educational process, and this is consistent with the modern vision of education.



To complement the current study, the researcher developed a number of conclusions and recommendations
And proposals.

The research aimed to identify the Persuasion Intelligence and its relationship to Authentic Personality among university students and statistically significant differences according to sex and academic field, as well as identifying differences in correlation according to sex and academic field. achieve these, the researchers adopted the (Jassim and Mahmoud, 2018) measure of Persuasion Intelligence, and building the Authentic Personality scale , and after verifying the validity and reliability of the research tools, it was applied to a sample of (400 ) male and female students from the University of Babylon, and the results of the research showed that the university students enjoyed Persuasion Intelligence and Authentic Personality, And the existence of differences according to the sex of the students in favor of males and differences in academic field in favor of females in persuasive intelligence, and the absence of differences according to sex for academic field in the originality of personality, The results also revealed that there is a significant correlation between two variables, and there are no differences in the correlation according to sex and academic field.

The aim of the current research is to identify (the effect of the mental recycling model in developing deep thinking among fourth-grade literary students in the subject of Islamic education) To verify this, the researcher chose an experimental design with partial control. The study was conducted at Al-Ilm Secondary School for Boys affiliated with the Department of Education of Science. The sample size was (44) with (22) for the experimental group (22) for the control group. The researcher conducted equivalence between the students of the two research groups in a number of variables, including (chronological age, achievement for the previous year, level of education of parents). The statistical package ((SPSS) was used to analyze the results, which revealed the existence of a statistically significant difference at a significance level (0.05) in favor of the students of the experimental group who studied using the mental recycling model and that they achieved better results compared to those who studied in the traditional way. In light of this result, the researcher came out with a set of conclusions and recommendations.

The aim of the research was to identify
1-Perceived stress among middle school teachers.
2-Significance of statistical differences in perceived stress according to the variable (gender, specialization).
3-Perceived internal situation of middle school teachers.
4-The statistical significance of the differences in the perceived internal situation according to the variable (gender ,specialization)
5-The statistically significant relationship between perceived pressures and the perceived internal situation among primary school teachers Preparatory.




To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following: - The researcher built a scale of perceived stress based on the theory and definition of Lazarus and Folkman (1984), and previous studies due to the lack of a scale representing the research sample. The researcher also adopted the Mansour internal situation scale prepared by Tasa & Whyte (2005). The researcher applied the scales to a sample of (400) middle school teachers of both genders and scientific and literary specializations, with a total of (240) schools.
And 160 teachers for the academic year 2024-2025, and the results were as follows:
1-Middle school teachers do not suffer from perceived stress.
2-There are differences in psychological stress attributed to gender and no differences due to specialization.
3-Middle school teachers enjoy the Mansour internal situation
4-There were statistically significant differences for gender and no differences for specialization measured by status.
5-There is a statistically significant positive relationship between perceived stress and perceived internal situation.
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of the power of thinking strategy in developing future thinking among fifth grade female students in philosophy and psychology
The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control for the experimental and control groups in the pre- and post-test for future thinking. The research community included fifth-grade literary students in secondary and middle schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Salah al-Din Education, Science Education Department. Religion Science Education Department
The research sample consisted of two groups, Division (A) representing the experimental group that will study the subject of philosophy and psychology according to the Power of Thinking strategy, with (33) student, while Division (B) represented the control group that will study the same subject according to the usual method, with ( 34) student
, and the researcher conducted parity between the female students of the two research groups in the following variables: (future thinking, intelligence test, chronological age calculated in months, educational level of fathers, educational level of mothers). The researcher adopted the future thinking scale to measure the variables of his research. The scale in its final form consisted of (34) items distributed over five areas of future thinking: (future imagination, future vision, future expectation, future anxiety, future optimism) and the researcher verified its validity, reliability and distinction. After applying the experiment, the researcher applied the research tool and obtained the data. After processing the data statistically, statistically significant differences appeared between the scores of the female students in the experimental group and the scores of the female students in the control group on the future thinking scale, in favor of the experimental group. In light of these results, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

This study aims to identify the actual use of the electronic archiving project in the administrative units at Al-Qadisiyah University. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and conducted personal interviews with employees in the administrative units to address the study topic. The study also employed quantitative description through comprehensive surveying of the employees in the administrative units in addition to statistical methods. A questionnaire tool was used to collect data from the study sample consisting of 50 employees who work in the university's faculties. The study utilized the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: there are many benefits to


electronic archiving during research, the expedited provision of commands for administrative unit officials, and the reliance of university employees on electronic archiving to implement the administrative units project, with a focus on training and qualification.

The aim of the research is to identify the academic complex and its relationship to the efficiency of teaching performance and practical vigilance among professors at Al-Qadisiyah University, with respect to gender and specialization. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on what Comes:
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following: -
After reviewing previous studies, theoretical frameworks, and Arslan’s scale (1992), the researcher constructed a scale.
The academic complex was unable to represent the sample, and a scale of teaching performance efficiency was also built after reviewing Based on previous studies and the lack of a scale representing the sample, a scale of applied vigilance was also prepared based on On a number of previous measures and studies achieve the research objectives, the researcher applied the scales to a sample of (400) male and female professors from the College of Education at Al-Qadisiyah University, with (240) female professors and (160) male professors for the academic year (2024-2025), then analyzed the data.
Using the statistical package computer program (SPSS), the results were as follows:
1- University professors enjoy the academic complex.
20-There are statistically significant differences among university professors according to the gender variable, in favor of males in the complex.Academic
3-There is no statistical significance in the efficiency of teaching performance among sample members in general.
4-There are no differences according to the gender variable in the efficiency of teaching performance.University professors have practical vigilance.
5-- There are no differences according to the gender variable (males) in applied vigilance.
6-The results indicate that the value of the correlation coefficient is positive between the two variables, indicating the existence of a relationship.
7-Strong correlation between academic complex and teaching performance efficiency.
8-This result indicates that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the academic component and applied vigilance.
9-This result indicates that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the efficiency of teaching performance and applied vigilance.

This research focuses on Iranian markets and their various activities, to provide a clear picture of the heritage and cultural identity of Iranian cities in the Safavid era. Markets display the essence of trade and culture across generations. Through its architecture and diverse forms, it provides a window into the rich Safavid heritage and its evolving commercial spirit. Especially since Iranian markets have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The research included an introduction and four axes: the first: (the nomenclature and historical existence of markets in Iran), the second: (the form and structure of the Iranian market and its various activities), the third: (the existing categories of economic activities of the markets and the most prominent goods), and the fourth: (the regulatory and security management in the markets. Then a conclusion contains the most important results.

This research aims to identify the strategy of random entry in the development of reflective reading skills when students of the fifth grade literary, and to achieve this the researcher followed the procedures of the semi-experimental approach, as he adopted an experimental design with partial control, and the researcher randomly chose Alkarama High School for Boys to be the research sample, in the same way he chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group by(31) students, and Division (B) to represent the control group by(32)students, then rewarded the researcher between the students of the two research groups statistically equivalence in: (Chronological age, academic achievement of parents, language ability test, and reflective reading test), the researcher has built his test in reflective reading skills on the type of essays, and has verified the sincerity of the test and its stability after presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and after conducting the experiment applied the test to the students of the research sample, and after processing the data statistically using a set of statistical means, the research found a statistically significant difference in the test of reflective reading skills in favor of the experimental group at the level of significance(0,05), and in light of Research results The researcher concluded that the solution to the problem lies in ...

The Arab tribes played a major role in political and military life during the Umayyad era and contributed to the victory of Islam and Muslims, as well as the Islamic conquests, where they participated in spreading Islam in the East and the West. The Islamic conquests benefited from this tribal organization and the tribes became a major role in creating many political and military incidents. The tribes had a dual role that included positivity and negativity in political practice. They played a role in supporting and weakening the authority of the Caliph. The Kufa leaders had a major impact on the Caliph’s decisions in dismissing and appointing governors, as well as their role in eliminating opposition movements. They became the forces on which the authority was based. One of the most prominent leaders of Kufa was Malik bin Al-Harith


Al-Ashtar Al-Nakha’i, the Kufi leader and master of the Nakha’ tribe, who played a supporting role for Imam Ali, peace be upon him, as well as Hajar bin Adi Al-Kindi, who rebelled against the governor of Iraq, Al-Mughira bin Shuba, and stood in the face of the Umayyad authority. The role of the Kufa tribes was not limited to roles opposing the Umayyad policy, as there were some loyal tribes. The Umayyads, including the Kinda tribe led by Qais bin Al-Ash'ath Al-Kindi, who played a role in the arbitration case. Muawiyah also tasked the nobles of Kufa with eliminating the revolt of Al-Mustawrid bin Ulafa. Likewise, the leaders of Kufa rallied around the governor of Iraq, Ubayd Allah bin Ziyad, during the reign of Yazid bin Muawiyah, when he wanted to eliminate the revolt of Imam Al-Hussein, peace be upon him. The Umayyad caliphs succeeded in achieving tribal balance and making it within the framework of serving the state and benefiting from these tribes in supporting their authority. The best example of this is the governor Ziyad bin Abihi, who did not rely on the support of a specific tribe, but rather made tribal fanaticism serve the state’s policy.

Impulsivity means the ability to prevent inappropriate responses and control the processing of information that will hinder the effective completion of a goal. It is closely linked to self-concepts and goal-directed behavior, and this in turn is linked to the illusion of superiority, which is one of the self-improvement biases in social comparison that includes (false consensus and uniqueness). False and unrealistic optimism) as it shares with the second types of biases mentioned in the second reinforcement motive and the unrealistic positive image of oneself as superior to others, so the current research aimed to identify:
. 1- Impulsivity among university students
2- The significance of statistical differences according to the variables (gender and specialization) in the concept of impulsivity among university students.
. 3- The illusion of excellence among university students
4- The significance of statistical differences according to the variables (gender and specialization) in the concept of the illusion of superiority among university students.
5- The correlation between the two research variables (impulsivity and the illusion of superiority) among university students.
• Research methodology: In the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive, correlational method as it is the most appropriate method for this research.
• The research procedures are: The research community consisted of (18,546) students, of whom (8,327) were males and (10,219) were females. The research sample of (400) was selected, of whom (200) were males and (200) were females from Al-Qadisiyah Mosque students for the humanitarian specializations. And the scientific method using the random stratified method, and after the researcher reviewed the literature and previous studies related to the two research variables (impulsivity and the illusion of superiority), the researcher did not find an appropriate tool related to the two research variables and his sample, and the researcher built two research scales, and the impulsivity scale was composed of (30) items, and a scale The illusion of superiority consists of (40) items. The gradation of answer alternatives for both scales was fourfold, which is (always applies to me, often applies to me, rarely applies to me, never applies to me). When correcting negative items, they take the following weights (4, 3, 2, 1) And vice versa for positive items. The psychometric properties of the two scales were extracted, and the data were statistically




analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results showed the following:
1- University students (research sample) have impulsiveness, which is statistically significant.
2- There are no statistically significant differences in impulsivity according to the variables (gender and specialization) among university students.
3- University students (research sample) have the illusion of superiority with statistical significance.
4- There are no statistically significant differences in the illusion of superiority according to the variable (gender), but there are statistically significant differences according to the variable (specialization) and in favor of the (scientific) branch among university students.
5- There is a significant and positive correlation between the two research variables (impulsivity and the illusion of superiority) among university students.
In light of the research results, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations and proposals.

Lahn (Linguistic Errors) as a Prominent Issue in the Arabic Language and Efforts to Address It Lahn (linguistic errors) has been one of the most significant linguistic challenges since the early Islamic era. The conversion of non-Arabs to Islam contributed to the infiltration of these errors into the speech of native Arabs. Initially, the mistakes were simple and limited, but over time, they became widespread and embedded in everyday communication. Arabic linguistic culture responded to this phenomenon through various works aimed at correcting, preserving, and purifying the language. Among the prominent modern scholars who contributed to this field is Professor Dr. Muhammad Dari Hammadi, who left a valuable legacy in linguistic correction. His efforts are evident in his Dictionary of Common Errors in Verb Forms, where he relied on the Quran—the primary linguistic authority—and the authentic Arab heritage to purify and build the language correctly. This study presents some of the verb forms addressed by Dr. Muhammad Dari, highlighting his views and stance on the contributions of Muhammad Al-Adnani, particularly in his two works, Common Errors and Contemporary Linguistic Mistakes. The aim is to


explore these perspectives to achieve a sound and correct li linguistic structure.

The dominant male takes different forms of expression, revealing his absolute power through his social, cultural, and linguistic dominance, which reveals itself through his relationship with the female. The female appears in male discourse as one of his life topics. She is usually linked to the erotic relationship that has made her an instrument of pleasure and a means of expressing the male’s sexual ability.
Perhaps whoever reads the two autobiographical novels by Muhammad Shukri will find the evidence of this hegemony clear. In his two books, the novelist reveals the relationship between men and women in an Arab society in the modern era. This relationship is linked to the poverty experienced by that society, which led to the distribution of the labor market between the sexes, so

the male became a beggar, a thief, or a smuggler, while the woman invested her body in the pleasure market. To earn her living.

The study is related to the important decisions approved by the Iraqi Council of Ministers during the monarchy, and after Iraq gained its independence, especially those that brought change to the general situation of Iraqi society, and poured into public service, whether at the internal or external level, after many academic studies on the study of topics In a way that does not measure the extent to which the government follows up on those decisions, nor does it determine the extent of their connection or impact on the general situation .
The idea of studying this type of study emerged from the huge amount of unpublished Iraqi documents, its importance and what is linked to the weight of the executive institution, which is responsible for approving regulations and bringing laws into effect after their approval in the Iraqi Council of Representatives. The research bears the title (Activity of the Iraqi Executive Institution) Between the years 1933-1936, a documentary study.
This study was launched to include two sections. The first came under the title (Important decisions of the executive institution that served the general situation of Iraqi society 1933-1936), as it focused on the most important decisions taken by the Council of Ministers with an explanation of their goals and consequences on the general situation of Iraqi society, especially those related to Including health conditions and education, with an indication of the amount of government interest in each of them.
The second section came as a reinforcement of what the study stated in its first section, bearing the title (The executive institution and its handling of internal and external situations through its most important decisions from 1933-1936). The interest of this section focused on studying decisions related to internal and external affairs, especially those that contributed to increasing the momentum of government interest. Its direction is due to the sensitivity of some of them and the danger of others to the internal situation, such as tribal unrest at the internal level, especially since it stood in the way of the government’s interest in the middle Euphrates region after it began seeking to strengthen its military power in that region. The problems of border demarcation on the external level are another factor in the situation. Diplomatic solutions in order not to enter into conflicts that would undermine Iraq's fragile independence, which is proceeding cautiously under British internal and external monitoring of the general situation in Iraq.
The conclusion has become one of the axioms of scientific research. Because of the results it represents, the study produced after arriving at some facts that contribute to removing some of the ambiguity and clarifying what surrounds the general situation in Iraq between two important events, the first is what followed its independence, which proceeded at a cautious pace, and the second is the military unrest driven by the political trends led by the currents and parties intersecting with The policy of successive governments at that time.
The unpublished Iraqi documents preserved in the Iraqi Library and Records House represented a source from which the study drew its raw material, especially since it closely followed the most important decisions. Therefore, it was a weighty source that contributed to producing this study in a scientific and academic manner. He closely followed the activities that the institution contributed to, which had a role. Prominent in causing many changes to the general situation.