AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

Natural gas is one of the most important types of hydrocarbon resources that abound in the land of Iraq, where large reserves. This global strategic supplier form a pulsedartery of modern industrial and economic life which denied to Iraq because of required a lot of experience and massive investments and experience in the world of economics and industry,due to of colonialism that imposes control over these resources in order to serve his interests.Despite what happened to Iraq of eventswhich hindered the development of their resources to invest in natural gas, but he saw the percentage of exploitation of this resource, and then take off from a base created in the seventies of the last century,But abnormal conditions created by wars and economic sanctions have prevented exploited optimally.Iraq has suffered from isolation, deprived him of that keep pace with development and modernity, that with the emergence of a range of challenges and problems for which received from the evolution of investment of this resource properly done

The current study aimed at identifying the status quo of the Israeli Economy, so the main goal was to pinpoint the strength and weakness factors. This was implemented through surveying the Israeli Economy development and its impacts, and analyzing economic indicators as whole and its trends.
The study utilized the analytical-descriptive approach by dividing it into four sections. The first one looks at the Israeli Economy development starting from the establishment of it to the last decade. Also, it shows the development of the Israeli Economy Policy.
The second section the strength possibilities of the Israeli Economy. The third one talks about the challenges, and the fourth one shows the conclusion and the findings.
The study concluded that the nature of development for the Israeli Economy showed some big differences between strength and weakness at the same time which impacted the course of development

The public spending means that should be effective in foreign direct investment, especially as the role is neutral in the economy to attract, as the goal of research to determine the economic relationship between public spending and foreign direct investment by shedding light on the nature of these variables and data and developments analysis, statement the success and the ability of public spending to provide suitable for attracting foreign direct investment environment, because lured to Iraq has become an urgent necessity in order to achieve additional financial returns contribute to the reduction of reliance on funded general budget of crude oil revenues, which exceeded the increase (98%), and the most important findings of the Search is that public spending (current spending, investment spending) has a positive impact on foreign direct investment through the creation of functional cadres or manufacturing costs or the creation and repair of infrastructure, and that Iraq could in light of the size of spending to attract foreign direct investment, but it's not at the level about the size of public spending, or need, the Iraqi economy has, and researcher recommends in light of the suffering of this economy from disruptions and constraints of other foreign direct investment that he does not need to increase public spending as much as needed to control and rationalize and exploit optimally to be his biggest and effective role in advancing development efficiency economic forward by accruing the benefits of foreign direct investment, hard work and continuing to provide acceptable investment environment will be a catalyst to attract foreign direct investment and to find solutions to remove all obstacles facing investors work by building an integrated investment system provides his effort, time and safety.

The main objective of this research focused on analyzing and studing the causes of fluctuations in crude oil prices and their reflection on public budget form in Iraq of the (2005-2014), using standard methods which related with testing up root of unity and common integration and analysis of shock and contrast, the study found that, there is a long-term balance between fluctuations of crude oil prices in international markets and structure of public spending, this means the intensity correlations of the Iraqi economy, with oil market, also the results refer to the absence of a short-term responsive to the crude oil price changes and investment spending, also there was short-term responsive to the oil price changes for the fourth slowed operational spending at a level significantly lower (0.1(, and. Also, oil prices influence is limited on the operational spending, in comparison with largest impact on investment spending, all this impact on economic sectors which linked with investment spending, and also the vagaries of international crude oil prices explain two-thirds of the changes in investment spending in Iraq, while these fluctuations explain less than a quarter of the changes in operational spending

Is to reduce monetary shocks indicator of the quality of monetary policy in the country and the clarity of the vision of the future and the maturation of the logical perception among monetary policy makers, know the condition of the national economy, and unable to decision-makers cash to intervene through several monetary variables control to achieve the cash balance, however, the failure to achieve monetary balance cause monetary shocks, which is a defect in cash management indicator of what the effects of these shocks on many variables have monetary authorities deliberately to bring about these shocks when trying to achieve the goal of basic strategy of the state economic and social objectives.
It was the Iraqi economy suffered from some college wrong policies which effects still generated many problems such as high prices and low Iraqi dinar exchange and balance of payments deficit and budget deficit, unemployment and other price. Imbalances reflected in cash in all markets at the macro equilibrium level.

The problem of research dealt with Verify how the Iraqi dinar exchange rate effect by the total economic variables in Iraqi, And aimed to measuring and analysing the short and long-term relationship between them, using standard modern models based on methodology of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) . The results of stationary test showed that there amixture of variables, some stationary at the level while the other at the first difference . The approach of bounds test proved that there is a equilibrium long-term relationship between the variables through the (F) calculated value which was greater than the critical values of its lower and upper limits , while the value of the vector error correction parameter was negative and significant, and The results of digonistic checking tests proved that it has no standard problems , and its ability height to predict according to Thiel coefficient test .

This paper discusses the effect of gold mining in the Sudanese Economy so its importance stems from tackling a subject matter capturing the attention of the people, the government officials, the geological survey and the citizens as well in light of the growing interest in gold mining activity to weather the negative impact of South Sudan cession taking with it around 75% of oil proceeds lost by the Sudanese general budgets causing a shock in the macroeconomic balance.
The paper hypothesis is: The growing gold mining activity has helped increase the Sudanese exports' proceeds percentage in the country's exports, total public revenues and gross domestic products in the period (2004-2011), besides creating good job opportunities and fighting poverty in the areas surrounding gold mining sites.
The subsequent result of the discovery of areas in which the indicators showed gold and other minerals reserves in big quantities is that many farmers have left the farming activity due to its poor return versus the high costs of finance and its high margins to mine for gold

Find interested in studying and analyzing the investment environment and its components in the region during the period (2006- 2015) and the extent of its contribution to the cement industry to attract investments to the region.
It showed results that the relatively stable investment environment in the region has attracted 16 investment projects in the cement industry during the same period with a total investment cost of 5.8 billion dollars and energy design her (38.4) million tons, in 2015, do them (4) projects achieved actual production capacity of $ (9) million tons , which contributed to narrowing the gap between supply and demand for cement if there becomes a surplus in production totaled 4.6 million tons in the region, while at the country level reached gap (4.4) million tones .

The consumers price index is important because it shows the level of families economic welfare, especially in communities that suffers various economic crises, such as those suffered by Erbil Province inhabitants, and because of that the research is analyzing the consumers price index for goods and the services in Erbil, all of that led to a number of conclusions and below are the most important ones:
The price index was fluctuate during the study period grouped goods and services because it is subjected to many economic and non-economic factors.
2. All the goods and services recorded a continuing rise in its price index and up to 2014.
3. The price of grouped goods and services recorded a decline in its price index during 2015 compared to 2014 and by a percentage of (1.249%) due to the financial crisis which Kurdistan Region of Iraq goes through (including Erbil Governorate).
4. Price Index going up trends has occupied by education, health and housing sectors as first, second and third respectively

The current research is aimed at identifying the level of estimators owned by leaders in the surveyed organization and its impact on the formulation of the strategic direction and the organization under study is the Municipality of Baghdad, and the sample included senior leadership of the sections managers and above the number of 25 people was where the problem in the surveyed in the lower level of the organization leadership skills and ambiguity in the strategic direction, has been relying on some statistical methods to process the data obtained from the questionnaire of the program (spss) percentage and arithmetic mean and standard deviation and coefficient of variation and to find out the correlation between the two variables were relying on simple correlation coefficient (sperman) the impact the independent variable on the use simple regression coefficient, the research found that there is a correlation and effect between the abilities Leadership competencies and draw a strategic orientation and suffer organization researched the ambiguity in the strategic direction qualification for leadership and low.

This study aims to identify the role of job stress represented by its dimensions (role conflict, role ambiguity, workload, and the low level of advancement and career growth) on organizational alienation represented by its dimensions (feeling of powerlessness, feeling of dissatisfaction, he feeling of social isolation, and the feeling of alienation from oneself), from views a sample of emplyees in the students dormitory at the February 18 section of University of Salahaddin/Erbil. A questionnaire has been designed and developed as well as it distributed to a sample of employees in the students dormitory which numbered (39) employees in order to verify the two basic hypothese and the sub- hypothese drived from them in order to address the study problem. The most important of the outcomes of this study was the exsist of a high correlation and a significant positive impact between the dimensions of the pressures of work and organizational alienation. Based on the outcomes, this study recommends that efforts should be made to guide employees to tasks and duties required to be accurate, work should be define the powers and responsibilities assigned to them, and encourage individuals working on teamwork.

The quality house is consider one of quality management techniques technology which is used by many international companies, particularly Japanese because of the technology's role in the production of products according to the wishes and demands of customers besides this technique contributes to reducing the cost of the quality of products, the researcher tried in this study exposure to how to build a quality house and its role in cost management, particularly related activities, including quality through the stages of its construction, and trying to test it through the application on one of the industrial companies in Erbil. The research concluded several conclusions from the most important lack of familiarity with local companies display quality house and the extent of their contribution to improving the level of the quality of the products that it produces the company as well as lack of knowledge about the extent of the contribution of this technology to reduce the cost of quality products to all its articles, and based on the conclusions reached by the research researcher recommends local businesses, including the research sample application quality house technology to the technique of a role in reducing the cost of the quality of products by the companies having produced and its impact on the profitability of the company.

The research aims to measure the level of maturity in the Occupational Health and Safety Department in the Office of the Iraqi Ministry of Oil, and has been relying on the TDWI model to measure it, which provides the actual reality of the project within the levels representing the objectives of the organizations for the purpose of reaching it later. The originality of the research is in two directions: Occupational Health and Safety within the term of maturity and the second employ the TDWI model to measure maturity.
To achieve this, the model was adapted to measure the level of maturity within its five levels and distributed the questionnaire to the employees and beneficiaries of the project for the purpose of giving a comprehensive picture of it, and use the analysis of one sample statistic

The performance evaluation as a judgment on the administration's ability to over exploit the resources available to it as rational, it is an objective and systematic analysis of a record of the activities of the company to determine the degree of success in achieving the goals set process. As a result of the intensification of competition and the development taking place in the traditional production systems of performance evaluation models are no longer (standard costs , budgets , financial analysis) enough being based on historical data, and rely only on the financial measurements and analyzes. So it was adopting the model of balanced performance, which is newly input into the performance evaluation card being contain financial indicators and non-financial interconnected within is based on the relationship of cause and effect strategic framework, works this model to achieve a balance among the four perspectives (financial, customers, internal operations, learning and growth) within a single report and under the umbrella of the company's strategy. On this basis, the Balanced Scorecard is considered a strategic framework helps in the various levels of the company to translate its strategic objectives and plans to measurable targets process

It become the adoption of the concept of e- government an urgent need to get rid of routine procedures to improve performance in different fields (designing, maintenance, control and investment) in accordance with the changes in all aspects especially the service performance .This study aims to know the role and relation between the application of electronic government and same of performance indicators at Kirkuk municipality , the study has concluded that the municipality backing up electronic government in cases(managerial support , elasticity of organization, the availability of qualified human resources and appropriate technology ), the study also showed that there is a true relation and influence between the requirements of electronic government and some of performance indicators . This study gives some of essential recommendations to Kirkuk municipality concerning the requirements of applying electronic government and the indications of (designing, maintenance, control and investment) .