Dijlah Journal

Abstract:
Although the right to real estate ownership is originally an absolute right that entitles the owner to possess, use, and dispose of the property, this right is subject to restrictions and limitations that narrow its scope and transform it into a social function. This function must not deviate from its intended purposes by causing harm to others through the misuse of the right. In other words, the abuse of the right to property must be prevented. The property owner is required to exercise their right within the bounds of what is legally permissible, without exceeding those bounds or causing harm to others. The law often requires the right holder to provide proof in order to protect their right. However, the law may sometimes establish presumptions that either exempt the individual from the burden of proof entirely or shift the burden to the claimant.

Abstract:
WiMAX is a wireless transmission system that provides widespread utilization of the fast internet. Securing WiMAX networks is important to protect against a range of threats such as eavesdropping, jamming, and unauthorized access. Various security protocols have been introduced. One such protocol is Virtual Private Network (VPN), which leverages Data Encryption Standard (DES) to secure data transmission.This paper examines This paper examines the impact of integrating VPN with firewall to secure WiMAX, using OPNET Modeler (v14.5) as the simulation tool. The study focuses on four applications, namely Email, web browsing, file transfer, and database. Results of the simulation show that the existence of VPN reduces the amount of data transmitted per second. Firewall, on the other hand, blocks web browsing access from the server. However, the VPN enables selective access to the web browsing application from a specific source, i.e., Base Station1. The advantage of integrating a VPN towards the system is that it increases system security because no client from any base station may access any server application.

The experimental results of studies of the effect of vortex generators installed on the RSG–36 wing model in an open wind tunnel are presented. The influence of the design and various position options of vortex generators, as well as their mutual arrangement in the longitudinal and transversal directions on the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing model, is investigated. The parameters of the vortex generators are revealed, at which the greatest influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of the specified wing model is found.

Abstract
Rhaphinose family sugars found in legumes cause lower abdominal bloating, and to reduce or reduce these sugars there are many ways to get rid of these sugars, including soaking and removing the crust or soaking with high pressure. And yeast S. cerevisiae under different conditions of temperature, pH and duration of soaking using the HPLC device located in the laboratories of the Department of Environment and Water \ Ministry of Science and Technology and we obtained that the treatment of soaking chickpea seeds with the use of baking yeast at a concentration of 15 g \ 100 g by reducing the soaking time and for a period ranging between (2-4) hours at a temperature ranging between 35-40 ° C and with a pH range of 4 and 4.5 and the complete removal of all RFOs sugars by 100% bean seed soaking treatment with the use of baking yeast at a concentration of 10 g / 100 g by reducing the soaking time and for a period ranging between (2-4) hours and at a temperature of 40 m and with a pH range of 4.5 to 4, to obtain complete removal of all RFOs with a loss rate of 100%. The use of bread yeast, because it is abundant in the local markets, cheap and nutritionally safe for the consumer and its ability to produce the enzyme α-gahactosidase, which proved its ability to analyze RFOs sugars in the current study

Abstract :
Economic shocks have become a prominent phenomenon that has attracted the attention of researchers in economic literature due to their growing impact on economic and financial systems in the context of globalization and increasing interdependence among economies. Recent literature focuses on developing analytical models that explain the dynamics of these shocks, particularly their effects on the performance of the financial and banking sectors. This interest has intensified with the emergence of what is known as multiple economic shocks, which exert simultaneous and relatively continuous influence on various economic variables and the financial system. Given the unique nature of Islamic banks in responding to such shocks, and considering that the economic literature on Islamic banking is still under continuous development, studying the impact of multiple economic shocks on the financial performance of Islamic banks—especially in Iraq—has become a modern and essential topic. The importance of this study lies in analyzing the experiences of Islamic banks in selected countries, with a focus on Iraq, to monitor the effects of these shocks based on the differing nature of economic and financial systems and the role of Islamic banks in each of the sample countries.

Abstract
International administrative contracts are considered the fertile field in which manifestations of imbalance clearly appear, given that these are characterized by the long duration of their implementation, which results in an imbalance in the contractual balance that governs the contractual process, which defects the contract and makes the interests of the two parties unbalanced. The will of one of the parties is a defect related to the element of consent or the inclusion of arbitrary conditions by one of them because of the strength of his legal position compared to the other party, and the imbalance may appear when implementing the contract due to the occurrence of circumstances beyond the will and expectation of one of the contracting parties that make the implementation of the obligations incurred by him burdensome, but not impossible as This imbalance may occur if the contracting parties impose exaggerated penal clauses or conditions in compensation for the damages incurred or due to the delay in implementation

Summary:
International sanctions are one of the factors influencing the global arenas, and they can sometimes contribute to putting pressure on the country, whether in directing its internal or external policy, and therefore the success of its impact depends on a number of reasons in the context of a dynamic process that seeks to restrict the policies of the Republic imposed by these fines. International relations have known this method since the end of the first global battle, which included political punitive measures in the first place, and these sanctions began to expand to include investment sanctions in addition to political ones, such as the Iraqi case until now, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, or the Iranian case in the context of its endeavor to possess nuclear capabilities for non-peaceful goals or support There are few opposition groups to regional regimes, but in some crises such as the Russian crisis, starting with the Georgian crisis, passing through the Crimea peninsula, all the way to the Russian crisis with the West as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the repercussions of which were the expansion of those sanctions to include sports and social sanctions, Which may contribute to reducing countries' intimidation of global peace and security.

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund is an international institution whose primary mission, in theory, is to protect global economic and financial stability by helping its member countries to reduce exposure to financial and economic crises, and to provide financial support for them and to prevent or treat them in the event that they cannot be avoided.
The research aims to identify the role of the International Monetary Fund in facing emergency crises and the most important shifts that occurred in its tasks after each crisis, and based on the hypothesis that global financial crises lead to the transformation of a large part of the policies of the International Monetary Fund.
The results achieved by the Fund in facing crises varied according to the circumstances of countries, the nature of their economies, and the extent of their response to the solutions it provides. The soundness of the economic and financial policies of its 190 member countries, and advises their governments on possible policy adjustments.
The research recommended the need to reconsider the global financial system, with the need to reform the international financial and monetary institutions, and rid them of the hegemony of the major countries, in a way that gives countries economic freedom and full policy in choosing and linking their currencies to a basket of currencies that is agreed upon internationally.

Abstract:
The American role at the present time in the eastern Mediterranean region represents the cornerstone of all regional interactions and arrangements, and an important party in managing most of the major strategic events and issues in the interactions of the regional environment, which were associated with the performance of new roles for many regional and international powers. The United states of america adopted new directions consistent with the different interactions and trends taking place in the region for all components of the regional environment as a way to support its policy in the region

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the significance of strategic intelligence and its crucial role in achieving success in taxation. The study employed an analysis of various variables as the primary method for data collection and information gathering. The research aimed to delve into several key questions, such as the General Authority for Taxation's preparedness to leverage strategic intelligence and the influence of strategic intelligence dimensions (strategic vision, structured planning, cooperation, motivation, intuition) on tax success. The research findings yielded several conclusions. Notably, the success of taxation was found to be closely linked to the key factors implemented by the Authority to enhance performance, including both individual performance and the overall administration of tax processes, thereby addressing any existing deficiencies within the organization. The results also indicated a positive and significant impact of strategic intelligence on sustained tax success, underscoring the vital role played by strategic intelligence in enhancing the performance of the research sample body.

Abstract
(BOT) is a system in which public investment projects are financed, created, managed, and maintained by the private sector, which may be one private company, or several local or international private companies, operating through the project company, which undertakes to establish, implement, manage and maintain the project for a certain period of time. The concession period granted by the host country enables the project company to recover the costs incurred in the project, while achieving a satisfactory percentage of profit. Then the project company transfers ownership of the project access to the host state, in a good condition without any restrictions. According to the study, the parties to the (BOT) system are limited to two main parties: the host country and the company executing the project. The implementation of projects (BOT) passes through three time stages, the first stage is the preparatory stage for the project by the host country, the second stage is for the project company, which is the stage of project implementation in terms of its construction, its operation and management, and the third stage in which the ownership of the project is transferred to the host country after the expiry of the concession period granted between the state and the project company

Abstract:
The research aimed to test the impact of governance on the quality of accounting information, by adopting descriptive measures that were collected through previous dissertations, and for this purpose, data was collected from a sample of (81) respondents who were randomly selected from the research community. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach and practical tests. And using the questionnaire as a tool and after evaluating and testing the quality of the data and its compliance with the normal distribution and testing the hypotheses By using appropriate statistical tools such as descriptive statistics to diagnose the level of variables in the market researched and inferential statistics such as (simple and multiple linear regression equation) to test the direct impact of independent variables on the dependent variable by using ready-made programs (SPSS) and (smart-pls), and the results showed correct relationships Correlation and influence at the level of the researched variables, and one of the most important conclusions reached by the research...

This study discusses the impact of the psychological environment of the Israeli decision-maker as one of the variables affecting the orientations of Israeli foreign policy by analyzing different and mutual aspects of the theoretical relationship between foreign policy and the environment surrounding the decision-maker. The political decisions and actions of any foreign policy is ultimately a matter of political leadership, as well as the role of personal and psychological characteristics in the decision-maker's perception of his environment. Accordingly, this study attempts to explore the impact of these factors on the formation of the political personality of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. This study also explores the role played by ideological perceptions, beliefs, and values in shaping his political stances, and determining the directions of Israel's foreign policy, including the impact of Netanyahu's political positions on the foreign policy directions of the developments of the Syrian crisis. Considering the impact of Netanyahu's ideological background based on his commitment to the principle of Greater Israel, his political affiliation to Israel, and his psychological and social background. Benjamin Netanyahu is also investing in the issue of Iran's insistence on its nuclear program in order to strengthen his political legitimacy within Israel.

Abstract
The study aims to demonstrate the impact of internal audit in light of the Corona pandemic on the value of economic units, and the researcher used the questionnaire to demonstrate the relationship between research variables, and the most important conclusions of the research were that internal audit contributes to achieving the objectives of economic units and improving their effectiveness and efficiency, risk management, control and governance processes, as it was The most important recommendations are to work on strengthening the internal audit and governance site, analyzing potential emergency measures, creating clear incentives, and constantly monitoring and updating emergency plans to achieve the goals set by senior management

The research aims to know and measure the effect of proactive marketing with its dimensions (creative ability, searching for new opportunities, flexibility and risk-taking), in achieving competitive superiority with its dimensions (customer relationship management, customer value, brand and competition). The main problem of the research was an important question (what To what extent is there an effect of proactive marketing in achieving competitive superiority?), and the research was conducted in the sports sector represented by the sports clubs that were selected, and the size of the researched community was represented by members of the administrative body of the researched clubs, which amounted to (118) members, and a sample of it was selected according to statistical treatment (90) members, and they are the respondents to the research questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which included (55) paragraphs covering the answer to the research variables, as well as the use of the interview to reach more and more accurate information. Statistical (Spss.V.24) and (Amos.V.24), and among the statistical methods used in the analysis process (the arithmetic mean, coefficient of variation, standard deviation, simple linear regression, structural equation modeling, Sobel test and factor analysis affirmative), and the most prominent results that were reached are the effect of proactive marketing on competitive superiority.

Sports marketing is one of the main and important activities of all sports bodies and organizations, whether private or public. Marketing is nothing but planning based on sound scientific and technical foundations and rules that require specialists in the field. The research problem is embodied in the weakness of club management in its ability to obtain sponsorship and support from private sector companies. It is not a reason, but rather a result of the lack of sufficient adoption according to the modern contexts of the regional and international clubs for what is known as sports marketing. Premier League Football, which numbered (20) clubs, (14) clubs were selected. The research targeted members of the clubs’ administrative body, as the sample number reached (90) members of the administrative body, and the statistical methods used in the analysis were (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient difference, simple linear regression, structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, and exploratory factor analysis). It achieves public satisfaction and preservation, and this is related to the pursuit of competitive superiority, and the presence of an impact of sports marketing in achieving competitive superiority for the clubs surveyed. For Iraqi companies and foreign companies operating in Iraq to support and sponsor Iraqi clubs

The research aims to measure the impact of ethical leadership with its dimensions (respect, service, justice, and integrity) on the quality of oversight work with its dimensions (professional requirements, skills and competencies, distribution of tasks, guidance and supervision). oversight in Iraq. As for the main research problem, it was represented by an important question, which is (what is the level of impact of ethical leadership on the quality of oversight work?), and the research was conducted in the Federal Office of Financial Supervision, and the size of the researched community was represented by (general managers, assistant general managers, and directors departments, and heads of oversight bodies), which amounted to (295) individuals, and a sample of it was selected, and according to the technique (fracture sampling) being a random stratified sample (175) individuals, they are the respondents to the research questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which included (40) items covering the answer to the research variables, The researcher relied on the analytical descriptive approach in completing this research, and the data was analyzed through statistical programs (Spss v.24, Amos v.24), and a set of statistical methods were used to process the data, including (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and regression). simple linear, structural equation modeling, (SOBEL-Test) and confirmatory factor analysis), and the most prominent results were represented by the presence of an influence relationship between ethical leadership and the quality of oversight work.

Abstract:
This study aims to provide a descriptive achievement of the variables studied and to show the knowledge and intellectual developments that contribute to achieving a basic goal represented in how to increase the value of the bank through the role that liabilities management plays in that. The importance of the research is highlighted by shedding light on the relationship between the financial structure and the value of the bank. Funding decisions are among the most important financial management decisions for business establishments, for its important role in the continuity and growth of business, in addition to the importance of the banking sector, as this sector constitutes one of the most important economic sectors due to its important role in collecting savings and redirecting them to various economic activities and individuals. Especially since the banking sector is considered one of the sectors that are exposed to various internal and external risks that affect the level of its performance, as the research community represents the Iraqi private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, while the research sample included (14) banks, and the research sample was chosen based on criteria Certain banks meet the requirements of the research after the exclusion of Islamic banks, due to the difference in the nature of the work of these banks, while a number of banks were excluded due to the lack of financial statements for certain years during the period (2010-2021). Tobin Q)), and the data was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS V.28) to analyze the results. The program was also used to test the significance of regression between variables, as well as its use in calculating the correlation coefficient and the coefficient of determination (R²), which interprets the regression model and measures the significance of the regression equations. .
Among the most important conclusions that were reached is that the research sample banks focused on improving the value of the bank by adopting the financial structure in general, and the ratios of financing by deposits in particular, without resorting to the ratios of financing by capital and the ratios of financing by indebtedness. The research also recommended maximizing the capital owned by the banking sector through Entry of new shareholders who can support the bank financially instead of focusing directly on deposits to achieve balance in financial risks, as well as investing in the Central Bank’s initiative in financing the banking sector. In addition to enhancing the confidence of shareholders to maximize their money and improve the value of the bank by finding paths that generate profits for them and for the bank at the same time.

The importance of the St. Lego system is evident in promoting democracy and encouraging popular participation in political decision-making in Iraq. By distributing votes according to voter preferences and encouraging transparency and accountability, the system contributes to several important benefits. One of the effects of the St. Lego system is to enable citizens to actively participate in political decision-making, giving everyone a voice and influence in determining their representatives and forming government. This allows achieving balance in political representation and reducing one-party dominance, thus enhancing inclusiveness and fair representation for all segments of society. The St. Lego system also contributes to enhancing transparency and combating corruption, as it allows voters to see voting results and distribute votes openly. This system enhances trust between citizens and the government, and reduces the chances of fraud and manipulation in the election process. Thanks to the focus on popular participation, the St. Lego system enhances communication and interaction between the government and civil society, which promotes dialogue, exchange of views, and interest in public policy issues. This can lead to achieving greater consensus and balance in decision-making and better meeting the needs of citizens. However, the implementation of the St. Lego system in Iraq faces challenges such as issues of culture and awareness, the availability of the necessary resources, and cultural and educational challenges represented in the need to change the existing political culture Increasing citizens' awareness of the importance of political participation and their understanding of the new system

Governance is the root solution to many problems that confront societies and get them out of the series of crises and disasters that befell them and wiped out many of their resources and capabilities. For this reason, one of the forms of governance of security institutions is electronic police, and it is defined as the process that police personnel need to access information and report incidents and crimes. While on the road, its reporting includes not only data but also live image transmission. Accordingly, it is a system that detects all kinds of crimes. Police officer can also be able to identify any criminals and this is possible if the database is for every citizen including innocent criminals

High-involvement experience products (HIEP) are generally characterized by a high value and difficult purchasing decision for customers, and a wrong decision will bring large losses to consumers, severely affecting their trust in enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of trust evaluation of HIEP e-commerce enterprises. Tasks and research methods:
First, given the heterogeneity of trust information in the big data context, this paper collects the reputation data of HIEP enterprises and the trust big data of enterprises in industry, commerce and justice by a crawler program. Next, we use the dictionary and pattern matching methods to extract the trust features in text big data and construct the trust evaluation feature set integrating judicial information. Then, based on machine learning methods, we propose a LAS-RS model, which aims to solve the problem of trust evaluation in an imbalanced and high-dimensional data context. Finally, by introducing signal theory, this paper reveals the differential influence mechanism of big data feature variables on the trust of HIEP e-commerce enterprises. Originality: This study further enriches the relevant theories and methods of e-commerce trust evaluation research and is conducive to a better understanding and control of potential trust risks.

Abstract
The research aims to reveal the reality of the level of quality management in the General Company for the Vegetable Oil Industry and to determine the level of possibility of applying the operating clause according to the international standard (ISO9001: 2015) through the DFSS methodology that contributes to the application of the operating clause. The case study approach was used to reach the research objectives, and some quality tools were used to analyze the data and reach the results, the most important of which are the herringbone diagram, the process flow diagram, and the DFSS.
Through the checklist, it was found that there is a gap between the requirements of the eighth item of the international standard ISO9001: 2015 and the actual reality, and that the size of the gap is 50%, and that the DFSS approach explains the procedures to reduce the size of the gap and the application of the operating Item

Abstract
The marketing vision is one of the most important elements of the success of organizations, especially in light of the environmental changes that occurred in the business environment. The current research aims to explore the availability of the marketing vision in the Middle Oil Company / Dora Refinery, which is considered one of the important companies in the oil sector. The research community included the employees working in the mentioned company. A sample of (220) employees was selected. The questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. A number of statistical methods were used to obtain the results, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and percentages. The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations. Among the most prominent conclusions, the results indicated a high interest on the part of the researched organization in the marketing vision. One of the most important recommendations is the need to strengthen the management of the Middle Oil Company / Dora Refinery for the principle of privacy of its marketing vision, by not leaking any classified information that affects the work policy. company.

Abstract: The study of Confucian political thought is of great importance, because it left a great impact on the Chinese nation. The research is based on a main problem, that is, the study tries to focus on criticizing the political propositions of Confucianism and starts from several questions: who is Confucius, what are the political propositions of Confucius, and what are the criticisms of Confucius' political thought. The hypothesis is that the thinker Confucius had political proposals in China that were reflected on the people, power and the state based on his thought. Of these proposals, there is a part of them that has criticism, and from here the hypothesis is based on criticism of Confucius' political thought. The basic principles of Confucius, the most important of which are: collectivism, meaning that man is part of society, justice, social, and that the people are the source of authority and the family is the one that produces the state, and morals are the basis for governance. As for the third topic, it dealt with the most important criticisms of Confucius's intellectual and political views, so that the study concludes with conclusions. The study reached a major conclusion, which is that Confucius' thought was ethical in its essence; With his institutionalization, he took sides with ethics and ideals, in terms of being one of the most important preoccupations that captured Confucius' thinking.