Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

هدفت الدّراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على مستوى الوعي الديني لدى طالبات الجامعة بالأحكام العقدية والأحكام الفقهية ودوره في الممارسات الحياتية إضافة إلى معرفة إذا كانت هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى الوعي الديني لطالبات الجامعة بالأحكام العقدية والأحكام الفقهية. وصُمّمت مقابلة تضمنت (9) أسئلة وطُبقت على (518) طالبة من طالبات مقرر الدراسات الإسلامية (العقيدة والعبادة). وأظهرت النَّتائج أن مستوى الوعي الديني بالأحكام العقدية لدى عينة الدراسة جاء مرتفعًا جدًا، بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (2.81)، وجاء في المرتبة الأولى، في حين جاء مستوى الوعي الديني بالأحكام الفقهية مرتفعا أيضا، بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (2.35)، وجاء في المرتبة الثانية من بين محوري أسئلة المقابلة. وأظهرت نتائج اختبار (ت) للعينات المستقلّة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى الوعي الديني ودوره في الممارسات الحياتية لدى طالبات الجامعة لصالح الأحكام العقدية وخرجت الدّراسة بتوصيات منها: إعطاء القدر الأكبر من الاهتمام في مقرر الدراسات الإسلامية (العقيدة والعبادة) للجانب الفقهي وتحديداً في مجال العبادات إضافة إلى تركيز عضو هيئة التدريس في مقررات الدراسات الإسلامية على الأنشطة التي تنمي الوعي الديني في مجال الأحكام الفقهية وخاصة ما يتعلق بأحكام الصلاة.

The research aims to identify the availability of procedural research skills among physics teachers in Dhofar Governorate from their perspective. To achieve this, a descriptive approach was adopted. The research developed a questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 76 respondents as the research sample; the questionnaire consisted of 23 items, divided into four domains: the skill of identifying and analyzing the problem, the skill of formulating hypotheses, the skill of collecting and analyzing data, and the skill of writing and interpreting results. The results showed that the arithmetic means and standard deviations for the responses of the sample related to the extent of the availability of action research skills among physics teachers in Dhofar Governorate, which were generally low in degree of availability, with an arithmetic mean of (2.32). The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the availability of action research skills among physics teachers in schools in Dhofar Governorate. From their point of view, it is due to gender and number of years of experience.

The current research aims to examine the relationship between perceived stress and nomophobia among a sample of young people in Saudi Arabia, as well as to identify differences in the average scores of perceived stress and nomophobia among the sample members in terms of age. The study sample consisted of 316 young males and females selected randomly. The descriptive approach was adopted. Research data was collected using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Nomophobia Scale. The results indicated that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and nomophobia. There are significant differences in the average scores of perceived stress in terms of age for those who range (18-23).

The research aims to reveal the effect of an enriching educational program in light of nanotechnology applications related to the sustainability of natural resources in developing the ability to innovate towards environmental problems among eleventh-grade female students in the Sultanate of Oman. 100 female students from the eleventh grade in Muscat Governorate were intentionally collected and divided into two groups: an experimental group of 50 students and a control group of 50 students. To collect data, a scale of attitudes toward environmental problems consisting of 6 environmental attitudes or problems that measure three innovation skills—fluency, flexibility, and originality—was designed by the researcher. To find out the results of the study, the arithmetic means and standard deviations of
The students' results in each of the innovative thinking skills were extracted namely, fluency, flexibility, originality, and the total score of the scale The results showed that there were significant differences between the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the student's scores in the two study groups: the experimental and the control group in the post-application of the innovation scale towards environmental problems. To identify the levels of statistical significance of these differences and to verify their source, multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used, where the Wilks Lambda value was calculated to determine the sources of these differences and variances. To determine the direction of these differences and their levels of statistical significance in each skill of the scale and its total score according to the group variable, the results of multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used, it was found that the values of (F) were statistically significant at the level (α≤0.05) for the teaching content variable in all skills (fluency, flexibility, originality). The total score of the scale indicates there is a statistical significant difference; it is attributed to the teaching content in favor of the experimental group students, according to the values of the arithmetic averages, which called for rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the directed alternative hypothesis, which is: There are statistically significant differences at the level (α≤0.05) between the average scores of the students in the innovation scale towards environmental problems in the post-application attributed to the teaching content. Eta square (η²) was used to identify the size of the effect of the independent variable in the study (the educational enrichment program) on the dependent variable of the sample, which is the ability to innovate towards environmental problems, and Cohen's classification (Cohen, 1988) was relied upon, small (η² ≤ 0.06), medium (0.06 ≤ η² ≤ 0.14), large (η² ≥ 0.14), and it was very high. Considering the previous results, the study recommended the need to use enrichment educational programs to promote and develop social studies curricula in general and the economic geography curriculum in particular and interest in developing innovative thinking skills in social studies based on the results of the research related to these skills to the nature of the social studies subject.

The current research aims to identify the contribution of academic emotions to academic procrastination among the University of Nizwa students in the Sultanate of Oman. The research sample consists of 178 students selected through simple random sampling. The Academic Emotions Scale developed by Al-Dardeer et al. (2020) and the Academic Procrastination Scale by Abu Ghazal (2012) were used as tools to collect the needed data. A correlation-descriptive design was used. The results indicated that the level of positive academic emotions among students is high; on the other hand, the level of negative academic emotions is moderate. The results also showed that the level of academic procrastination among students is moderate overall. Regarding the correlation coefficient, the results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the level of positive academic emotions and the level of academic procrastination. Conversely, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the level of negative academic emotions and the level of academic procrastination. As for regression analysis, the results indicated a statistically significant contribution of academic emotions in predicting the level of academic procrastination among students. The regression model was suitable for explaining the relationship between the variables, with negative academic emotions accounting for 49% of the variance in academic procrastination among University of Nizwa students.

This research aims to reveal the perceptions of social studies teachers in the Sultanate of Oman about the digital economy. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used. The research sample consisted of 488 male and female social studies teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 40 items. The research found that there are positive perceptions among social studies teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. The research also revealed the absence of statistically significant differences in the variables of gender, years of experience, and number of training courses. In light of these results, the study recommended the need to provide training courses for teachers on the digital economy and its educational applications, as well as to update social studies curricula to include the concepts of the digital economy. The research came out with some suggestions, including providing digital educational resources in addition to developing sustainable training programs for teachers that keep pace with rapid digital developments, besides studying students' perceptions to enhance the effectiveness of digital education.

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة للكشف عن فاعلية استخدام تقنية الواقع المعزز في تنمية التحصيل المعرفي والاتجاه نحو مادة تقنية المعلومات لدى طالبات الصف الثامن. تم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، وشملت العينة (42) طالبة من مدرسة المزيونة للتعليم الأساسي في محافظة ظفار بسلطنة عمان. تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين: المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة. استخدمت الدراسة اختبارًا تحصيليًا لقياس التحصيل المعرفي ومقياسًا لاتجاهات الطلاب نحو مادة تقنية المعلومات. توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعتين في التحصيل المعرفي والاتجاه نحو مادة تقنية المعلومات لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. خرجت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات، منها تدريب المعلمين والمشرفين على استخدام تقنيات الواقع المعزز لتعزيز المستوى التحصيلي للطلبة وتنمية اتجاهاتهم الايجابية نحو المادة.

The current research aims to examine shyness in relation to some variables among kindergarten children. To achieve this, a scale of 15 items was developed by the researcher to measure shyness; it was administered to 150 kindergarten children who were selected randomly from different kindergartens at the Al-Karkh side of Baghdad Governorate. The researcher adopted an integrative framework of theories. The results of the research showed kindergarten children have a high level of shyness. There are no significant differences in terms of shyness between females and males and social skills. Finally, there are significant differences in the methods of treatment of the democratic style and increased protection.

The current research aims to identify the level of psychological empowerment and the level of enjoyment of life among school teachers, as well as identify the significance of the statistical difference in psychological empowerment and enjoyment of life among school teachers in terms of gender. The research also aims to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment and enjoying life among school teachers. The researcher adopted the Psychological Empowerment Scale of 12 items designed by Spritzer (1995), which was translated into Arabic by Al-Nawajah (2015) and distributed over four domains: meaning, competence, choice, and influence. He also adopted the enjoyment life scale of 31 items designed by Jassem and Mahmoud (2021), which was distributed over three domains: happiness, satisfaction, and personal well-being. The scale was applied to a sample of 200 male and female primary school teachers in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024. The results revealed that the sample of research has a low level of psychological empowerment and enjoyment of life. There are also differences between males and females in favor of males regarding psychological empowerment and enjoyment of life. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between psychological empowerment and enjoyment of life among school teachers. In light of the results, the researcher presented several recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify work passion and emotional intelligence among educational counselors, the differences in work passion and emotional intelligence in terms of gender and years of service, and the correlation between work passion and emotional intelligence of educational counselors. A sample of 200 male and female counselors affiliated with the second Karkh Education Directorate in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024) was selected randomly. To achieve the research objectives, the Chin et al. (2022) scale and the Golman (1995) scale were adopted to collect data. The results revealed that educational counselors have a passion for work and emotional intelligence. There are no significant differences in work passion in terms of gender and years of service. There are statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence in terms of years of service and gender, in favor of males. There is a statistically significant correlation between emotional intelligence and work passion. According to these results, the researcher came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the Lorsbach model on eleventh-grade students’ mathematics achievement and their intelligent thinking. The researcher chose Mathar Preparatory School for Boys in Dohuk Governorate/Gharbia Education. Two classes were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group of 31 students and a control group of 31 students. Two tools were developed for the research: a multiple-choice objective achievement test consisting of 20 test items and an intelligent thinking skills test of 24 test items. The results of the research revealed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of 0.05 between the average scores of the two research groups in the achievement test and the intelligent thinking skills test, in favor of the experimental group.

The current research aims to identify the effect of a teaching strategy according to the knowledge path model on the skill of processing mathematical information among first-intermediate students in mathematics. The researchers adopted an experimental research approach and a quasi-experimental design. The experiment was applied to a sample of 65 first intermediate students: 33 students were assigned to the experimental group and 32 students were assigned to the control group for the academic year (2022-2023). The researcher designed a test of 18 essay-type items to measure the skill of processing mathematical information. The results showed that the students of the experimental group who were taught according to the proposed strategy outperformed the students of the control group who were taught according to the traditional method in the mathematical information processing test. In light of the results, the research came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to examine the psychological happiness and academic emotions among faculty members at the University of Baghdad in terms of gender and years of service, as well as to identify if there is a correlation between psychological happiness and academic emotions. Two scales were used to collect the needed data: Riff & Singer's scale (2008) to measure psychological happiness and Frenzal's scale (2016) to measure academic emotions, which were administered to a sample of 46 males and 90 females collected randomly from four different faculties. The researcher used a t-test, alpha-Cronbach, and Pearson correlation coefficient to analyze the data. The results showed that the research sample had a high level of pleasure compared to anger and anxiety, which were low. There is no statistically significant relationship between psychological happiness and pleasure. There is a negative relationship between psychological happiness and both the emotion of anger and anxiety (the more psychological happiness increases, the less the emotion of anger and anxiety within the educational environment). The results also disclosed that there is no statistically significant difference between psychological happiness and academic emotions in terms of gender. There is no significant difference in terms of years of service and the emotion of anxiety and pleasure for academic emotions and psychological happiness. As for the emotion of anger, it showed a significant difference for teachers who have years of service (1–5). The researcher came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to analyze and evaluate the content of the computer textbook for the fourth preparatory stage (scientific and literary) in Iraq according to critical thinking and to examine the extent to which students acquire it. The descriptive-analytical research method was adopted: the method of content analysis was designed according to the skills of critical thinking, and the process of analysis was based on the unit of the explicit idea. The results showed the availability of critical thinking skills (conclusion, interpretation, comparison, analysis, classification, ranking, decision-making, research and investigation, fallacy detection, and predictability) in the content of the pre-mentioned computer textbook (13.11%, 19.48%, 4.87%, 13.86%, 8.24%, 16.85%, 2.25%, 12.73%, Zero, 8.61%) in order. There is a statistically significant difference between male and female students in the critical thinking skills acquisition test, in favor of female students. In light of the results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to examine academic well-being among university students. The research sample consisted of 554 male and female students from the University of Baghdad who were selected randomly based on specialization (scientific, humanities) for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve this, the researcher developed a scale of 39 items consisting of four domains: university value (9 items), academic determination (10 items), academic satisfaction (10 items), and academic self-efficacy (10 items) to measure academic well-being according to the theories of Tuominen et al. (2012) and Renshaw (2018). The results showed that the research sample has a higher level of academic well-being, the ability to self-actualize, a positive feeling about the direction of their lives, and the ability to face life pressures. Thus, the researcher came out with some recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify emotional suppression among kindergarten female teachers in terms of years of service. The research community was limited to government kindergarten teachers affiliated with the Al-Karkh 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Education Directorates and Al-Rusafa 1st, 2nd, and 3rd in Baghdad Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the research objective, the two researchers developed an emotional suppression scale of 41 items that was administered to a sample of 321 kindergarten female teachers randomly was chosen. The results disclosed that kindergarten teachers have emotional suppression and the ability to postpone responding to have time to think and plan. Female teachers who have years of service from 1–5 and 6–10 have more emotional suppression than female teachers who have years of service from 11–15 and 16 or more. The researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the affiliation motivation of university teachers in terms of gender, academic specialization, university sector (public, private), and the scientific rank of university teachers (professor, assistant professor, lecturer, assistant lecturer). To achieve this, a sample of 500 male and female teachers from the University of Baghdad, Al-Farahidi University College, and Sadr Al-Iraq University College were chosen for the academic year (2023-2024). To collect the needed data, a scale of 20 items designed by (Hill, 1987) to measure affiliation motivation was adopted. The results showed that university teachers have affiliation motivation. There are no statistically significant differences in the affiliation motivation among university teachers in terms of gender and specialization (scientific, humanities). There are statistically significant differences in affiliation motivation among university teachers according to the sector of university (private and public), in favor of public universities. Finally, there are statistically significant differences in affiliation motivation among university teachers according to the scientific rank, in favor of the assistant lecturer and lecturer. In light of the results, the researchers developed a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify dissatisfaction with body image among university students in terms of gender and obesity. The research sample consisted of 400 male and female students was chosen randomly from the first and third stages at the University of Baghdad, including the scientific and humanities specialization for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the objective of the research, the researcher developed a scale of 42 items to measure dissatisfaction with body image according to psychological theoretical approaches analytical and psychosocial cognitive body image distributed over five domains: cognitive, behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domain. The results revealed that the research sample has dissatisfaction with body image. There are no significant differences among the research sample in dissatisfaction with body image in terms of gender. There are significant differences among the research sample in dissatisfaction with body image in terms of obesity, in favor of obese people. In light of the results of the research, the researcher came out with some recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the defeatist behavior of kindergarten children. To achieve this, a scale of 45 items was administered to a sample of 282 boys and girls who were chosen randomly from public kindergartens to measure their defeatist behavior. The findings of the research revealed that public kindergarten children have defeatist behavior. Kindergarten children showed more defeatist behavior compared to preschool-stage children in public kindergartens. Defeatist behavior was more common among girls than boys in public kindergartens. In light of this, the researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify the tendency towards perfection among educational counselors, as well as to identify the significance of the difference in positive flexibility in terms of gender. To achieve the objectives of the research, a scale of 45 items developed by Al-Ubaidi (2020) was adopted to collect data. It was applied to a random sample of 150 male and female counselors affiliated with the six directorates in the Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). The results showed that the research sample of educational counselors tends to perfection. There are no statistically significant differences between male and female counselors in the tendency toward perfection. The researcher came out with a set of recommendations and suggestions in light of the research results.

Fear of crime is a significant predictor of several important societal phenomena. Expatriates are a diverse group of people residing and usually working in non-domestic countries; they may be implicitly associated with crime by the domestic populations. This research utilized stepwise multiple regression analysis and gathered a diverse sample intending to provide an initial insight into the relationship between fear of crime and attitude towards expatriates, considering potential effects of neuroticism, perceived likelihood of crime, age, and gender. Significant associations were found between fear of crime, perceived likelihood of crime, and neuroticism; these variables were unrelated to attitude towards expatriates in this research.

This study investigated the impact of scientific concepts through using a gamification approach-based mobile application on the acquisition of scientific concepts, as well as the correction of relevant alternative perceptions about the most important natural tourism sites for seventh graders in the Sultanate of Oman.
Pre-post study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 64 seventh-grade students, of which 33 students were assigned to be the experimental group, and 31 students were assigned to be the control group.
A mobile application called "scientific traveler" was designed based on the principles of the gamification approach, and was implemented for the experimental group. Furthermore, two tests were created and administered as pre- and post-tests for both study groups: one for their alternative perceptions of the most significant natural tourism sites in Oman, with a reliability coefficient of 0.88, and another for their acquisition of scientific concepts, with a reliability coefficient of 0.77.
The data collected by using the suitable statistical tools, then analyzed. The results showed a statically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. This difference at a level of (α= 0.05) in the acquisition of scientific concepts test. This study also found a statically significant difference at a level of (α= 0.05) between the mean score of the experimental group and the mean score of the control group in favor of the experimental group in alternative perceptions about the most important natural tourism sites in Oman.
The study recommends that science educators and tourism officials design mobile applications based on the principles of the gamification approach to support students' acquisition of scientific concepts, and to correct their perceptions about important natural tourism sites in Oman.