Psychological Science

The current research aims to identify:-
1. Professional awareness among kindergarten teachers..
2. Self-regulation among kindergarten teachers.
3. The relationship between professional awareness and self-regulation among kindergarten teachers. To achieve this, the researcher prepared a measure of professional awareness, which consists of (25) items, and a measure of self-regulation, which consists of (30) items. After confirming the psychometric properties, it was applied to a sample of kindergarten teachers. The children were chosen randomly and consisted of (150) teachers. The results showed that the teachers have professional awareness and self-organization, and the existence of a positive, statistically significant correlation between the variables of professional awareness and self-regulation among kindergarten teachers. A number of recommendations and proposals were presented.

Abstract:
The aim of the researchers in the current study is to explore the levels of dominance tendency and life satisfaction among a sample of inmates in Kurdistan Region/Iraq prisons, as well as the implications of differences in dominance tendency and life satisfaction based on demographic variables (geographical location of the correctional facility, age, duration of stay). The researchers employed a descriptive methodology, with a sample consisting of 600 judicially sentenced individuals selected from three correctional facilities in Kurdistan Region/Iraq. These individuals were administered two scales: the dominance tendency scale, comprised of 20 items, and the life satisfaction scale, comprised of 18 items. The validity and reliability of these scales were confirmed. After analyzing the data using SPSS, the results revealed that judicially sentenced inmates in the three correctional facilities (Sulaymaniyah, Erbil, Duhok) in Kurdistan Region/Iraq exhibited significant levels of dominance tendency and dissatisfaction with life. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in the dominance tendency and life satisfaction variable based on geographical location of the correctional facility, indicating an inverse relationship between dominance tendency and life satisfaction. Consequently, a set of recommendations for relevant authorities and suggestions for future researchers were proposed.

Emotional sensitivity is found in all individuals in general, and in some it may be exaggerated, as the sensitive becomes active quickly for illogical reasons, and interprets the things surrounding him more than he can bear, and thus generates in him various feelings of despair, fear anxiety , and depression .
The current research sought to recognize Emotional Sensitivity and differences between the sexes and specialization .
The research sample amounted to (108) male and female undergraduate students .
The emotional sensitivity scale was adopted and the psychometric characteristics of the scole were calculated . After analyzing the data statistically, it was found that undergraduate students there was have Emotional sensitivity .

Abstract:
The goal of the current research is to identify depression among those recovering from the Coronavirus Cov-19, as well as to know the strength of the ego, in addition to knowing the significance of the differences in depression according to the following two variables: A- Gender (males - females) B- Specialization (scientific - humanitarian), and knowing the significance of the differences In ego strength according to the following two variables: A - Gender (males - females) B - Specialization (scientific - humanitarian), and the nature of the correlation between depression and ego strength is defined, and the significance of the differences in the correlation between depression and ego strength is defined according to the following variable: Gender (males - females), and the significance of the differences in the correlation between depression and ego strength is defined according to the following variable: specialization (scientific - humanitarian), To achieve the research objectives, a tool was built to measure depression among university students recovering from the Corona virus. It has the psychometric properties that must be present in psychological measures, such as honesty, consistency, and the ability to discriminate, and a second tool was adopted to measure ego strength. These two tools were applied to a sample of (120) male and female students who were selected in a simple random way from the students of the College of Basic Education / at Al-Mustansiriya University. After processing the data statistically using the t-test for one sample and two independent samples, two-way analysis of variance, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, It turned out that students recovering from the Corona virus - 19 suffer from depression to a low degree, and it appeared that the students have a strong ego, and there are no statistically significant differences in depression according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific humanities), and there are also no differences. It is statistically significant in the strength of the ego according to the variable of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanitarian). The results also indicated that there is an inverse correlation between depression among those recovering from the Corona virus - 19 and the strength of the ego, and the results did not indicate the presence of significant differences. Statistics on the correlation between depression and ego strength according to the gender variable (males - females), However, the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the value of the correlation coefficient between depression and ego strength according to the specialization variable (scientific - humanities) and in favor of scientific specialization. The researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The current research aims:
1. Measuring the feeling of dissatisfaction among new appointees of university professors. 2. Identifying the feeling of dissatisfaction among newly appointed university professors according to the following variables: gender (male, female), achievement (Master’s, PhD), marital status (married, not married). 3.Identifying the feeling of dissatisfaction among newly appointed university professors according to the age variable (25-35 years, 36-46 years, 47 years and over).
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the theory of moral feelings by (Adam Smith's, 2009) in preparing the feeling of dissatisfaction scale. The number of items in the feeling of dissatisfaction scale was (24) items, and the research sample was (206) male and female professors, who were chosen randomly. The reliability coefficient for the feeling of dissatisfaction scale using the Cronbach’s alpha (0.892) and split-half methods (0.729), and after collecting the data and processing it statistically using the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the results appeared as follows:
1. Newly appointed university professors are characterized by a high level of dissatisfaction.
2. There are no differences in the feeling of dissatisfaction among newly appointed university professors according to the variables: gender (male, female), achievement (Master’s, PhD), and marital status (married, unmarried).
3. There are no differences in feelings of dissatisfaction among newly appointed university professors according to the age variable (25-35 years, 36-46 years, 47 years and older).
Recommendations: The Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research, Media, and Social Media should hold many seminars introducing the concept of feeling dissatisfied.
Suggestions: Conduct studies to measure the correlations between feelings of dissatisfaction and a number of psychological variables (job satisfaction, emotional intelligence, moral leadership, self-evaluation, and achievement motivation).

Abstract:
Juvenile delinquency is one of the most serious social problems facing the family and society alike. Juvenile delinquency represents a pattern of behavior that society sees as a departure from its rules. From a psychological perspective, the delinquent’s personality is characterized by a weak self that does not enable him to perceive reality and makes him an easy tool for implementing abnormal desires and losing the ability to reconcile his innate motives with the requirements of reality.
The problem of juvenile delinquency has increased in quantity and quality in the modern era as a result of scientific, technological and industrial progress and the complexity of life, in addition to the problems of poverty, unemployment and housing, which have contributed to the rise in the number of delinquent juveniles and the increase in the percentage of crimes they commit. These conditions have been reflected in families and their internal relationships and cohesion.
The violent events that our country was exposed to resulted in a change in the dynamics of daily human life and a change in the pattern of daily life within the joints of society as a whole. The psychological and emotional traumas that the event was exposed to when witnessing and experiencing it resulted from the wars and the destruction, killing, displacement, sabotage and looting that resulted from them. Negatively, such things make him a person who loves or tends to imitate such practices.
 The research aimed to analyze the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency psychologically, according to the perspective of psychoanalysis and the social psychological perspective, to identify the most important motives that drive juvenile delinquent delinquency or deviant behavior, in order to develop plans, programs, and strategies to confront this phenomenon and prevent its occurrence.
 The researcher reviewed the most important psychological theories in analyzing the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency
 At the conclusion of the research, the two researchers reviewed the most important conclusions they reached and also presented a number of suggestions and recommendations.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify: the self-review strategy among university stu-dents, the differences in the strategy according to gender and specialization, and to know the academic compatibility among university students and the differences ac-cording to gender and specialization. As well as knowing the correlation between the self-review strategy and academic compatibility. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a scale (self-review strategy), consisting of (24) items, and adopted the academic compatibility scale of (Weiss, 2010), consisting of (49) items. The researcher applied the two tools to the research sample that was chosen randomly and consisted of (300). ) of students at Tikrit University. The re-sults of the research showed that university students have a self-review strategy, and there is no difference in it according to gender and specialization. University students have academic compatibility, and there is no difference according to gender, and there is a difference according to specialization and in favor of scientific speciali-zation, and the results showed that there is a positive correlation between the self-review strategy and academic compatibility

Abstract
The current research aims to evaluate the skills of forming oral classroom questions and asking them among Islamic education teachers in the intermediate stage.
The researcher followed the descriptive approach to obtain data and information as it suits the nature of the research. The research sample was (66) A male and female Islamic education teacher was chosen randomly from the original research community. The research tool was an observation questionnaire consisting of two areas, including the first area (formulating oral classroom questions) and consisting of (22) items. The second area (asking oral classroom questions) consists of (16) items and was presented to a group of experts and specialists in teaching methods, measurement and evaluation. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the tool, the researcher applied it to the research sample, and the appropriate statistical analysis of the data was conducted. The results showed that (Islamic education teachers do not have sufficient skills in formulating and asking oral classroom questions at the required level) and in light of the results reached by the researcher, she presented a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The research aims to identify intellectual humility and self-esteem among the sample, and Are there statistically significant differences in the variable of intellectual humility according to gender and specialization? And Are there statistically significant differences in the self-esteem variable according to gender and specialization? Is there a significant correlation between the variables of intellectual humility and self-esteem? The research sample consisted of (150) students at the University of Baghdad male(55) and female(95 ) students at the University of Baghdad, and they responded to two scales comprehensive intellectual humility and a self-esteem, The results showed the following The research sample has a high degree of intellectual humility as well as self-esteem. There are no statisticallysignificant differences in the two research variables: intellectual humility and self-esteem according to gender and specialization .and There is a weak correlation between the two research variables.

Abstract:
The aims of the search are the following: Measuring Imperturbability , Emotional Processing , Proactive Confrontation of the educational counselors, Measuring relationship between Imperturbability and Emotional Processing and Proactive Confrontation, Measuring contribution of Imperturbability and Emotional Processing with proactive Confrontation ,
To achieve the aims of the research , the researcher did the below : Constructed a three scales of proactive Confrontation which consisted of ( 20 ) items, the selected sample consists of ( 306 ) educational counselors, depends on descriptive method , using the bag statistical (SPSS ) the data has analyzed : The researcher comes up to the following: educational counselors has Imperturbability , Emotional Processing , Proactive Confrontation, there is relationship between Imperturbability and Emotional Processing and Proactive Confrontation, Imperturbability and Emotional Processing contribution in proactive Confrontation , the Emotional Processing . According to the results that the search has come out with had the biggest contribution come recommends and suggestions

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify “the effect of the presseisen model on productive thinking and mental capacity among students of the fourth science in chemistry, in day schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education, Salah al-Din. The research community was identified, which represents middle and secondary schools for boys within the General Directorate of Education, Salah al-Din. Al-Mughira Preparatory School for Boys was chosen, and the research sample consisted of (63) students from the fourth scientific grade, with (31) students for the experimental group and (32) for the control group.
For the purpose of collecting data for the research, a mental capacity test was constructed. The test in its final form consisted of (20) essay-type and objective-type items, and a productive thinking test was constructed, divided into two parts (critical and creative), in which the test was based on the skills of both as one test. Analyzes were conducted. The appropriate statistics (difficulty coefficient, discrimination coefficient, and effectiveness of alternatives), and its psychometric properties were confirmed, and after statistical tools were chosen to analyze the results of applying the test, such as using the t-test, the results indicated in favor of the experimental group.

Abstract:
The current research aims to study the effect of heterogeneity of response alternatives on the psychometric properties of psychological scales to achieve the objectives of the research The researchers prepared a scale to measure psychological hardness consisting of (42) items with three response r alternatives and after preparing the scale in the initial picture with alternatives to answer declarative phrases (always, sometimes, rarely) The researchers prepared two model of the scale, one with alternatives to answer interrogative phrases (yes, I don't know, no), and the other with alternatives to answer verbal attitudes (a, b, c) and applied the scale to a sample of the university students, including (450) male and female students from the College of Basic Education - University of Duhok, for the academic year (2021-2022) and adopted the experimental curriculum with the design of repeated measurements.

Among the most important results, no statistically significant differences were recorded in the validity of internal consistency The scale calculated by statistics (V), where its calculated value was (0.136), which is less than the value of the critical Q-Square (5.99) and (9.21) at the degree of freedom (2) and the level of significance (0.05) and (0.01), and structural validity through the results exploratory factor analysis and determined the number of extracted factors whose underlying root reached greater or equal to (1) The intrinsic saturation test was greater or equal to (0.4) and reached three factors in the three models, and the percentage of variance explaining the factors measured as a whole in the three models was (17,855%) (17,274%) (18,274) and was greater in the third model. As for the results of reliability, the alpha Cronbach reliability was calculated, the results proved that there were statistically significant differences, where the statistical value (M) calculated (1904.64), which is greater than the critical values of Q-Square (5.99, 9.21) at the significance levels (0.05) (0.01) and to determine the direction of the differences, the value of (Z) was calculated, showing that the differences were limited between the second and third models and in favor of the third model. The reliability was calculated by the half-segmentation method and the calculated statistical value (V) was (19.82), which is greater than the critical values of Q-Square, and this indicates that there are statistically significant differences between the correlation coefficients in favor of the third model.