Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

The research estimation of heavy metals in the water, `plants and soils adjacent to agricultural
areas of the waters of the Tigris river in Al- Grea't-Baghdad-Iraq region. In order to recognize the
quality of these pollutants in the water we conducted a series of physical measurements and chemical
analysis included physical measurements - measurement of temperature, conductivity electrical
quality and turbidity The chemical analyzes encompassing measure pH and brackish and basal
group dissolved solids )TDS( and total suspended solids )TSS( chemical oxygen demand )COD(
and estimate the amount of grease and oil gravimetric methods. Chemical analysis also included
the estimate of negative ions using Visible Spectroscopy region - UV. Such as sulfates )SO4
-2( and
phosphate )PO4
-3( and nitrate )NO3
-( and to identify the concentration of cationic main water ions
were estimated ions K+1, Ca+2 , Mg+2. Due to the importance of assessing the trace heavy metals in
water and that their direct impact on human health has been measured elements mediated by flame
atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. Previous analyzes of the use of chemical analyzes classic
varied as in the measurement of ions )Cl-, HCO3- ,Ca+2 ,Mg+2( or use a spectrometer visible area - UV
techniques. The current study also was conducted to demonstrate the possibility of using some of the
aquatic life as evidence of contamination with heavy metals in the Tigris River in Al- Grea't area.
The study included measurement of the concentration and distribution of some heavy metals and is
cadmium, cobalt, lead, copper, iron, zinc, metals( sodium potassium and magnesium in the tissues of
two types of aquatic plants (lentil water and flower Nile-Helianthus annuus L) as well as the evaluation
of some physical and chemical properties of the three stations of the soils in Al- Grea't area

This study was designed to determine the relationship between the prevalence of Toxoplasma
gondii and Cytomegalovirus infection and rate for miscarriage among pregnant women in
karbala Governorate .In addition to clarify relationship the spread of these infection with the age
. of the women and place of domicile
One hundred blood sample were collected from women (60 aborted women and 40 pregnant
women) to test for the detection of antibodies (IgG and IgM) for T.gondii and Cytomegalovirus
using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .The results were observed that higher rate
of IgG (36.7%) and IgM (10%) specific for T.gondii among aborted women than normal pregnant
woman (20% and 0%) respectively ,while the rat of IgG and IgM specific for CMV among
aborted women were (21.7% and 8.3%) respectively in compare to normal pregnant women
which was (15% and 2%) respectively as result showed high incidence of infection among
.aborted women living in rural area in compared to those living in urban area

In this paper the effects of some solvent (Ethanol, Methanol, 2-Propanol, Acetone, and Ethyl
acetate) on the spectrum of absorption and fluorescence of Rhodamine 3GO dye with constant
concentration (3*10-5 Mol/l ) at room temperature were studied. The results have shown that
there is increasing in quantum efficiency with increasing of relative polarity of the solvent and
decreasing with increasing in viscosity of the solvent. Fluorescence spectrum is shifted toward
the long wavelength (red shift). It is found that the peak value of absorption wavelength for
Rhodamine 3GO in these solvent ranging between (525nm-530nm) ,while there is a slightly
changing between (551.5nm-558.5 nm) in the peak of fluorescence wavelength. Also non-radiative
life time and fluorescent life time increases with the increasing the quantum efficiency

A total of (294) stool samples were collected from patient children, their ages were between
1 month to (6) years and suffering from diarrhea disease during period December (2012) and
February (2013) from Al-Muthana public health laboratory in Muthana province - Iraq. All
suspected isolates were screening by traditionally tests and then confirmed by PCR technique
(16S r RNA gene).The results showed that; there were (12) positive isolates of Aeromonas
hydrophila. Then investigation was done on some virulence factors and all isolates were showed
its ability to produce haemolysin, protease, lipase, phospholipase, capsule and motility. As well
as, the antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates were taking in the account and showed that all
the isolates were multiple antibiotic resistance to the Amoxicillin, Ampicilin, Cephalothin and
Cefotaxime. While, all isolates were sensitive to the Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline and Gentamicin

In this paper, a complete set of the orthonormal vector polynomials in a unit annular pupil were derived by finding,
first a set of orthogonal functions that represent vector quantities which can be generated from the gradients of annular
Zernike polynomials ZP, and the orthogonality is made by MATLAB code using Gram Schmidt orthogonalization
method. A relation of these polynomials with the circular ZP and circular ZP gradients are represented also in this work.
Then, to complete the basis, a complementary set of functions were added that have zero divergence, those which
are defined locally as a rotation or curl

Modern electric power systems performance depend significantly on the
operation of circuit breakers. Circuit breaker are used to detect disturbance in the
electrical network and to protect the sensitive equipment and costly instruments
such as: generators, transformers, and many more. So, they must operate within
extremely tight tolerances especially at the electrical network that operate under
a short circuit fault conditions. Evaluation of work efficiency for circuit breaker
is an important procedure for demonstrating its ability to curb fault currents,
especially short circuit currents and for optimizing reliability of network. This
paper aims to design a three-phase test circuit used to evaluate the performance of
high voltage circuit breaker under short circuit fault by simulation. By this method,
the difficulties of practical tests will be overcome, where it doesn\'t need high
electrical power of real sources, unlimited flexibility to adjust the elements value
of test circuit, safe from the risks, and economic because it dependent on modeling

In this paper we introduce a lower bound estimates for approximation by neural
networks in Lp spaces for p<1

In this research we presents a compared to different study of speed control
system technique for a BLDC motor. The Control modules that have been designed
is one of several types of traditional control and adaptive. First, the controller
is designed according to conventional PID controller. Secondly, Fuzzy control
systems that are basically robust have been designed with seven membership
functions, two inputs and one output. Finally, the optimal fuzzy self-tuning PID
controller (STFPID) is then designed with automatically tuning PID controller
parameters (KP,KI& KD), were the fuzzy logic technique is used to adjust all gain
value of PID controller. The gain value of PID are the output signal of the fuzzy
controller. The performances of the speed response with three controllers are
compared. The results of simulation shown that the designed STFPID controller
Achieve best performance of the BLDC motor, a perfect tracking of speed give
low rise time , less maximum overshoot ,settling time , less steady state error and
give best response versus PID and Fuzzy Logic technique. The ability technique
to achieving the target speed and robustness to eliminate the load disturbances are
one of the important aspects of this study

In this paper we shall introduce a class of interpolating rational functions called
pade approximants. These rationales provide a natural extension of the Taylor
sections

This study was conducted for the detection of virulence of pathogens isolated from cardiac
catheterization kit on the production of biofilm in vitro .the catheter tip culture Was performed for
each type of catheterization test as diagnostic catheterization samples included 66 )74.16%( has
given 15 )22.73%(, and therapeutic catheterization samples 15 )16.85%( has given 6 )40%( infected
with the samples of diagnostic catheterization and therapeutic together 8 )8.99%( has given the
results of 4 (50%) infected and results showed sensitivity and specificity values for the catheter Tip
culture test )96%( and )100%(, respectively,
the results were explained after cultured the samples on Enriched and differential media ,that
)89( patients )a common sample( gave 25 )28.09%( positive sample for bacterial culture, and two of
them showed two types of bacteria were )27( isolated bacterial, bacteria diagnosed isolates was 11
)70.74%( gram positive and 15 )55.56%( gram-negative and only one isolation of yeasts 1 )3.70%(,
although 64 )71.91%( did not give any growth. the ability of pathological isolates were tested on
biofilm production by using three different methods, (TM) Tube method , (CRA) Cong Red Agar
and Microtiter Plate )MTP( has given 25 )92.6%( , 16 )58.26% ( and 26 )96.29%( the isolation of
producing biofilm different quantities respectively , The isolation of producing biofilm in different
quantities, respectively. The results of the investigation on the composition of the biofilm The MTP
test has showed sensitivity (100%) and specificity 96%, while TM test values sensitivity was (96%)
and (100%) specificity and CRA test was (61.5%) sensitivity and (100%) specificity values.
The absence of local study on the ability of pathogens isolated from cardiac catheterization kit
on the production of biofilm came this study
*Search unsheathed from the first Master Researcher

The present study aimed to know the anti-oxidants effectiveness of honey and the output of free
radicals and the damage caused by them and knowing its effect on the process of phagocytosis in
vitro, it was used (120) male of the White Rats were divided randomly into two groups, The first
group of )30( rats considered to set the control and the second group of )90( rats were the develop
of oxidative stress have by dosage with hydrogen peroxide )H2O2( concentration of )0.5%( with
drinking water for )30( days, After that, Estimate the levels of each of enzyme Super Oxide Dismutase
)SOD1( and Glutathione )GSH( In the blood serum of the rats by estimating levels of technology
ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The results showed a significant increase in the
concentration rates of the enzyme Super Oxide Dismutase which value )0.40( pg/ml compared to
control amounting to (0.22) pg/ml, while there was a significant decrease in the concentration of the
Glutathione where value )0.53( pg/ml compared to control amounting to )1.34( pg/ml.
After that was isolated )30( rats of a group of rats which dosage by hydrogen peroxide
considered a positive control group, The remaining group of )60( rats were divided depending on
body weight into six groups each group of (10) rat where dosage the first four groups with different
concentrations of honey )25%, 50%, 75%, 100%( at a dose of )500( mg/kg of weight body while
the fifth group dosage combination of honey a concentration of (50%) with vitamin C as for the
sixth group dosage at a dose of )200( mg/kg of body weight of vitamin C for )14( days.The results
showed reduced levels of SOD1 and the high level of GSH significant in animal groups that dosage
different concentrations of honey and vitamin C as compared to the positive control, and Through
this study it was assess extent to effect of honey on the phagocytosis process against Staphylococcus
aureus .The results showed that the blood sample honey treated showed an increase in the percentage
of phagocytosis compared to the negative control sample, The presented results of the study were
conclude that honey has antioxidant effect in rats exposed to oxidative stress induced hydrogen
peroxide and stimulates the phagocytosis.
*Search unsheathed from the first Master Researcher

In this study, resol resins were prepared from the reaction of )bisphenol-A or bisphenol-S( with
formalin in the basic medium. Also copolymers of these resin prepared by using different ratios )5-
25%( of polyvinyl alcohol with )bisphenol-A or bisphenol-S( with formalin in the basic medium.
These resins, copolymers were characterized by FTIR and evalvated by differential scanning
calorimetry )DSC( and thermogravimetric analysis )TGA( techniques. The result from DSC
thermograms shows that the glass transition temperature )Tg( for resol resin derived from bisphenol-A
is less than that derived from bisphenol-S. However, the Tg values for the cured copolymers were
found to be less than that for the resin derived from bisphenol-A and bisphenol-S.
The TGA thermograms for cured resins and copolymers show more than one thermal
decomposition temperature. Also, higher rates of the char residue especially to resins and copolymers
derived from bisphenol-S

For the first time, tin dioxide (SnO2) have been one-step synthesized as thin films by microwave
method and used as gas sensor. These films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to study their ctystal structure and
morphology. The X-ray diffraction study confirm that all the synthesized SnO2 thin films have
tetragonal cassiterite structure, with lattice constants )a = b = 4.738Å and c= 3.187Å(. The FESEM
imges shows that the surface morphology of the samples were homogeneous and have regular grain
distribution. The sensing performance of SnO2 thin films were examined under the presence of
ammonia )NH3( gas. The experiments were inducted in a wide range of operating temperatures
)300–500(°C. The performance of the sensor prepared at )70%( microwave power exhibited the
highest sensitivity of )5.44( when exposure to )1000( ppm NH3 at )350( °C. The lowest response
time achieved by the SnO2 nanoparticles prepared in )70%( microwave power was )18( s against
(100) ppm ammonia. These results indicated that a modification in the morphology of sensing device
may strongly affect the sensitivity and optimum operating temperature as well as the respond time.

There are many factors that affect on the educational process behaviors as the one of these
factors is the environment in which the students live. The main objective of this paper is to study
and find out the extent of the effect of the environment and interact it on the dynamic behavior of
the proposed model. Assume that the student populations are divided into three levels: the first level,
namely the success students, the second level the lazy students and the last level namely surrounding
environment for students. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of this model
are investigated. The local and global dynamical behaviors of the model are studied. Finally, in
order to confirm our obtained results and specify the effects of model’s parameters on the dynamical
behavior, numerical simulation of the XYV model is performed

In this research, the effect of using crushed brick as an alternative to the coarse aggregate on
some load-bearing hollow concrete block properties were investigated.
The hollow concrete blocks with standard dimension )150 ×150×300( mm, were produced. The
mix proportions were )1( cement to )6( total aggregate. The course aggregate was replaced by
the crushed brick in volumetric percent at rate of )25 %, 50%, 100%(, then the effect of the
replacement was investigated on some concrete block properties such as compressive strength ,
density, absorption and thermal and sound insulation in different ages )7, 14, 28( days. According to
the results, crushed brick can be used as course aggregate to produce load-bearing hollow concrete
blocks class B with medium concrete density that can be used in interior wall or exterior wall that
protected from moisture and weather conditions. The optimum percent of replacement of crushed
brick was )50%(. Some properties like density, thermal insulation was improved, while, the other
properties like compressive strength, absorption, sound insulation was kept at acceptable range. It
can be concluded that the effect of the crushed brick as aggregate on concrete blocks properties,
compared to normal aggregate, resulting from the combined effect low density, low crushing value,
surface roughness, and its contribution to the process of internal curing for the concrete. Also, the
use of crushed brick has an environmental effect in terms of its contribution to the recycling process
for this waste materials and save the environment from it, as well as to reduce the pressing on
sources of natural aggregates, which considered a national resources and must be preserved and be
used in optimal utilization

The research under study was conducted for tea plant available in Iraqi local markets by extraction
and determination of caffeine by high performance liquid Chromatography. The Correlation
Coefficients (r2= 0.9987). The retention time for standard caffeine was measured (2.022)min and
compared with retention time for the samples )2.020, 1.907, 1.918, 1.915, 1.906( . This method was
applied successfully for tea sample available in Iraqi local markets. The concentration of Caffeine
after extraction were)5.905,5.605,23.341,7.967 and14.040( for )alwaza ,albarary ,lepition, apple,
green tea )mahmood( teas

This study involved isolation and identification bacterial causes of the urinary tract infections
)UTI(, as it was collected 65 urine sample from patients suffering from urinary tract, in the holy city
of Karbala )Al-Hussein Hospital, children and women and obstetrics( for the period from October
2014 to March 2015, these isolates )urine samples( were cultured on selective and differential media
and identified biochemicaly by using tapes Epi 20 E, the majority of isolates was Proteus mirabilis as
formed )40%( and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa by )31.42%(, and Serratia marcescens by
)8.57%( in addition to the Escherichia.coli which formed )20%( of the isolation results. Antibiotic
susceptibility testing was done for the Proteus mirabilis isolates to determine the most effective
against these isolates, the results showed that the most effective antibiotic is ciprofloxacin (CIP),
amikacin )AK( and imipenem )IPM(, while most of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin and
Tetracycline.The study has the minimum inhibitory concentration for three different antibiotics, and
showed MIC values of ciprofloxacin (0.25-32) μg / ml. While MIC values of amikacin (8-128) μg/
ml, While it was the Imipenem ranging between (1-32) μg / ml. Some associated virulence factors
of isolates were studied, it was found that the selected isolates showed the ability to adhesion on
epithelial cell surfaces at a rate between )22.33-51.66( cell / epithelial cell, as well as bacterial cell
surface hydrophobicity test, as the percentage of these isolates are )64.00,27.56,55.35,27.88,31.01(
% . As for the test swarming movement )Swarming phenomenon(, the study demonstrated the ability
of bacteria to swarm on enriched agar plate )1.5-2.0 % agar