Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The research aims to achieve the main objective of identifying the impact of the knowledge economy in achieving competitive advantage in the industrial sector in Iraq through a case study on the ICT industry and selecting the study sample from the employees of the general administrations of the three ICT companies in Iraq, (Asiacell, Zain Iraq, Cork Telecom). The research found that the top management of ICT companies have a knowledge of knowledge management that the senior management of ICT companies have knowledge that the use of knowledge management will lead to competitive advantage among companies, Between the variable use of knowledge management and the achievement of competitive advantage among telecommunications companies in Iraq
The research presented a set of recommendations. Namely, the need to promote the dissemination of the concept and culture of knowledge management among all employees in the telecommunications sector and information technology through the establishment of training courses and seminars that show the importance of knowledge management and the benefits that the company or the institution to use correctly. Providing all the needs and possibilities ICT employees to apply what they learn from knowledge management in their work. To make the best use of the use of knowledge management, the need for academics and professionals to conduct research and studies on how to implement the management to find out is a true in order to achieve the best possible use of knowledge management in companies and enterprise applications in various sectors and disciplines. And face any problems or obstacles may hinder the application of knowledge management.

The current research tests the relation of association and effect between the variable intellectual capital, with its’ three components (Human Capital, Structural Capital, Client Capital), and the variable of strategic success. The research problem lies in having clear decline on behalf of organizations, and educational and teaching institutions, both governmental and private, in their performance rates and scope of achieving the already planned educational and teaching performance, with its’ negative impact upon achieving acceptable performance levels in general, and educational and teaching performance levels in particular. A questionnaire was used as a data collecting tool, therefore, (70) questionnaires were distributed خn the administrations of secondary private schools in Nineveh governorate by (7) private high schools for boys and girls at Nineveh governorate. Who were selected as a society to study. Where 66 questionnaires were returned for statistical analysis. The research hypothesis was in having a direct association, and a significant effect between components of the intellectual capital variable and the process of achieving strategic success for the researched school. The data was also analyzed using (SPSS Ver21), where multiple statistical methods were used to verify hypotheses, including the correlation coefficient, in addition to decline and contrast analysis. Results came matching the research hypothesis, where a relation of association and effect of significant statistical proportions was shown for all components of the intellectual capital and the strategic success variable. In light of the matter, a number or recommendations and suggestions were coined, which are expected to be of benefit to those related to the matter, including management of private high schools and those teaching at the researched schools. The researcher’s most important conclusion was having an ambiguous understanding of the intellectual capital concept and its’ importance, in addition to the conceptual of strategic success among the study sample.

The brilliant organizations are one of the Leading organizations in the business world, in which the term "brilliant" refers to the ability of organizations to explore and exploit the capabilities, skills and expertise of workers both in modern technology and in the areas of sales and purchase. In the method or style in which such work is carried out, and which gives the Organization a prestigious competitive position that leads to success.
Therefore, the current research to explain the role of the emotional intelligence dimensions in the configuring of the brilliant organizations in the Al-Hukamaa company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies in the province of Nineveh. In order to clarify the concept of emotional intelligence through its dimensions, which plays a prominent role in the configuring of organizations brilliant, the researcher used a questionnaire prepared to measure the dimensions research and its variables. After conducting statistical analysis, the researcher found a weakness in the training courses provided to workers in the areas related to the poetic aspect and control their feelings and sensitivities, as the company should identify the most important I hope that would influence the feelings of employees and benefit from the rationalization of these feelings and behaviors towards achieving the company's goals.

The aim of this research is to identifying the role of critical success factors for total quality (TQ) in applying cleaner production. The research raised on the fact that total quality management (TQM), has become a comprehensive philosophy for improving all aspects of organization. Through which any organization can implementing novel production methods, to produce the products as required. Possibly cleaner production can be considered as a production method aimed to reducing environmental pollution by offering an environmentally friendly product. The research dealt with a set of questions related to the research variables. Data were collected using questionnaire, and manipulated statistical operations were conducted using the SPSS program. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent indicated that there is a significant correlation and regression between critical success factors and cleaner production. According to this, a set of proposals were presented to the organization under study.

The research topic is very important it is the contribution of administrative empowerment statement in terms of its dimensions to enhance the effectiveness of crisis management, University of Mosul was chosen arena to learn about the role played by the administrative empowerment ease the repercussions of the crisis and solving problems faced by that.
The questionnaire study tool was used as a tool to collect data on the practical side it was distributed to a sample of university employees. Focused research hypotheses in the measurement the contribution of administrative empowerment in enhancing the effectiveness of crisis management. Data analysis and hypothesis testing aims it was to using statistical tools to determine the degree of consensus between the two variables. Researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method being located describes phenomena and interpret. The study recommended a number of recommendations: paying attention to the most important organizations administrative empowerment it represents the utmost importance to those organizations; take advantage of the technology available to contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of crisis management.

The purpose of this study is to verify the impact of the components of banking information systems (human resources, machines, equipment, software, databases, reports) on facilitating the process of follow-up of loans granted to customers in the Iraqi Middle East Bank for investment. With the aim of improving them, in order to improve the collection of loans provided to customers who depend on loans to finance their production and service activities. The sensitivity of this process and its importance to the bank, which is pursuing the recovery of the bank's funds and the achievement of revenues at the appropriate time. For the purpose of solving the problem of the study, the analytical descriptive method was used to demonstrate the impact of the system components in facilitating follow-up of loans. The study was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed to (45) employees of the bank and retrieved (40) valid form for analysis. The hypotheses were tested using simple regression analysis. The study reached a set of conclusions, there is insignificant effect and weak of all banking information systems components in facilitating the process of follow-up loans in the bank sample study. Based on the conclusions, the study presented a set of recommendations and proposals for the bank to enhance the follow-up of loans based on the modern systems applied in most international banks.

The research deals with electronic management as an independent variable and the organizational flexibility as a dependent variable. The aim of the research is to test the relationship and measure the impact between the elements and conditions of the success of the E-management application (digital technology, electronic operations, E-strategy, E-marketing, E-structure, E-leadership) and the Organizational flexibility level (organizational learning culture, organizational structure, employee behavior and skill, technological capabilities, training and development). A questionnaire was distributed to the faculty and staff of a sample of the faculties of Mosul University. The correlation and impact relationships of the two main research hypotheses were tested using SPSS Ver.24. The research reached a number of conclusions; the most important of which is the existence of a correlation relationship and a strong significant effect between the elements of the success of the application of electronic management and factors to improve the level of organizational flexibility.
The research divided to two divisions: The first is theoretical, addressing the concepts of e-management and organizational flexibility, and the second: A questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and then analyzing the results and reaching conclusions and recommendations.

The aim of the research is to determine the relationship between the elements of the indicators used in research from the dimensions of ICT. As well as the relationship between these indicators and the investment index to identify the gaps between these relations by applying the rules of logic based on the data obtained from the World Bank, By adopting a program (Matlab R2013a) and using the statistical program Excel to enter the database of the practical side.
The findings were based on the availability of a medium to low degree of belonging to each dimension of ICTs, in which a number of recommendations could be made. Including the need to support the use of technology Information and communication, thus contributing to bridging the gap between the exports and imports of this technology, supporting its action and increasing its effective investment.

The present study aims to highlighting and diagnosing the real role of financial innovation tools to manage credit risks by banks. According to this approach, the study focused on a group of a sample of 10 banks that adopt financial innovation tools, banks for a period of ten years. Statistical analyses and tests were conducted on these banks' to clarify relationship between financial innovation and credit risks, according to basic and subsidiary hypotheses statistical tests were conducted on them.
The results showed that there is a strong and significant correlation between the tools of financial innovation and credit risk. The study recommended to adopt new innovative financial instruments that help to minimize credit risks in the studied banks and give them a high competitive advantages. It recommended also to adopt some innovation financial tools in Iraqi banks according to the nature of Iraqi economy.

The hierarchical structures of Iraqi organizations make promotion even more difficult as the individual progresses of jobs of higher levels, where jobs are lower and the number of competing staff increases. Where individuals reach a stage where they cannot promotion because they reach the end of their career path or the scarcity of vacant positions. The career plateau leads to the survival of the employees for a longer period than the individual needs to master it. The change in the legislative systems that govern the career life of employees has made the workers' access to the career plateau much earlier than before. The fact that employees have been left without promotion for many years may lead to feelings of loss of enthusiasm, tension, frustration, poor relations between workers and psychological withdrawal, career alienation, which represents the separation of the individual from his work and thus the low performance and productivity that affects the organization performance.
The main motive for the selection of the State Company or Drugs Industry & Medical Appliances in Samarra is the position of the company in the national pharmaceutical industries, which is the main source of the provision of medicines and medical supplies to the governmental health sector.
The purpose of the research is to verification the reasons leading to career alienation resulting from the career plateau. The importance of the research is through raising the awareness of the management and employees of the career plateau and career alienation of their impact on the performance of employees and the organization as a whole. Where the analytical descriptive method used. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire, which is the main tool of the study. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of community of (114). The multiple regression analysis was used to show a greater effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of the study showed the effect of the career plateau on its dimensions in the career alienation of the respondents. The research recommended the need to adopt enrichment and career rotation to deal with the career plateau and the career alienation and other recommendations.

The causes of organizational dysfunction are one of the unhealthy cases in the business, which results in a degree of difficulty in performing the tasks. In other words, the negative effect that it may cause may go beyond what is perceived and direct. The lack of cohesion reflects a state of disintegration and the emergence of random movements may indicate disorder, poor planning and accumulation of tasks are explained in the context of laziness, and environmental disturbances explain the diversity and multiplicity of explanatory factors, and the ambiguities and omissions encountered by them. This leads to the emergence of some problems in the structure of the organization. The framework of the question of the following: Are there reasons that contribute to the emergence of organizational dysfunction at the level of the organization of the study sample?
The study aimed to identify the reality of this dysfunction in the framework of the factors contributing to its composition. The current study adopted the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data on the subject under study. It was distributed (50) people and randomly. The Factor analysis was used as a statistical tool for data processing. The study pointed to a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which were the closure of the factors that reflect the relapses of seven factors, although the level of dimensionality between them was the correct one. Based on these conclusions, the study made a number of recommendation.

تمثل ازمة الطاقة أحد أهم الازمات التي ينبغي معالجها، وسعيا لذلك اسست الدراسة للمدخل الاستهلاكي ضمن استراتيجيات وظيفية مقترحة لتخفيض ازمة الطاقة، ولتحقيق ذلك عمدت الدراسة على اختيار ديوان وزارة الكهرباء لإقليم كوردستان وتم اختيار عينة مقدارها 25شخصاً، ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة تم الاعتماد على نموذج SMART، بوصفها اداة لقياس نجاح تنفيذ الاستراتيجية. وبعد تحليل نتائج المقابلات على وفق نموذج SMART تم الحصول على مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات أهمها: إمكانية تنفيذ الاستراتيجيات المقترحة مع تشكيل مجاميع جوهرية في كل منطقة تمثل نقطة الانطلاق لتعميم الاستراتيجيات المقترحة.

The outsourcing of information technology characteristic of the global economy in all fields in general and information technology in particular. As a result of the benefits that can be achieved by organizations through the adoption of outsourcing and of the areas of structural change and change tasks, business and individuals and relationships, as well as a change in the information technology and infrastructure. The research aims at diagnosing the levels of outsourcing of information technology is being nerve basis, which drives the outsourcing of the organization in question and of the Central Bank of Iraq/Mosul branch. In order to achieve its objectives form a questionnaire was designed for this purpose. Distributed to a sample of workers in the bank. As it has been analyzing the data obtained from the field respondent using fuzzy logic to reach a set of results, which have been in the light of crystallizing a number of conclusions. Including: the possibility of diagnosing levels of outsourcing as a material effect outsourcing of information technology for the bank sample study. In the light of inter conclusions, the research proposals, most notably the proposed, which urges organizations to adopt information technology and to set levels of IT outsourcing.

With the enormous scientific progress that technology is witnessing at the moment, new types of systems have emerged called smart systems. That have been developed and used in many current applications Genetic algorithms. Were used in this research to study the distribution of Boltzmann, which is subject to the composition of ribosomal RNA, and included the suggestion of a genetic algorithm that combines the method of the maximum likelihood with the method of generation constraint to estimate the Boltzmann distribution parameter represented by the RNA parameter.
The results showed that the embedded genetic algorithm is better for estimating the RNA string parameter than previous methods.
Matlab has been used in writing research algorithms and finding results.

The study aims to identify the reality of investment in Iraq and the most important directions among the economic sectors. Because of the importance of investment in achieving the accumulation of capital, which is the cornerstone of economic growth and development. Iraq is one of the most needed countries of capital accumulation due to the exceptional circumstances that passed through the country of wars. These conditions led to the destruction and erosion of infrastructure, which necessitated the existence of a strategic vision for a promising investment policy that takes into account the circumstances and potentials available. Therefore, the National Investment Commission in Baghdad and the provinces and the enactment of the Investment Law (13) for the year 2006 in order to attract local and foreign capital to make investments that would contribute to creating the necessary capital formation in all economic sectors, leading to the advancement of economic development and development forward.

Today the phenomenon of money laundering is one of the most dangerous problems, because of its various economic, social and political dimensions, and there have been many attempts at different levels to confront them. But the role of the central bank is at the first, especially in countries where the central bank enjoys full independence. The Iraqi economy is heading towards a mysterious path as a result of the spread of this phenomenon in all sectors of the economy, and despite the numerous attempts by the Central Bank through the issuance of laws and instructions, and the ongoing supervision of commercial banks and other financial institutions, but could not prove their role significantly. The main objective of this study is to explain the impact of money laundering on economic growth of Iraq, as well as, showing the role of the Central Bank and other banking institutions in confronting this phenomenon. To achieve this objective, the study was based on the mex method (descriptive-analytical approach). The methodology was also adopted. It was based on Econometrics models by appling secondary data for period (1991-2017). Likewise, the descriptive approach based on questionnaire which distrubted amomg some (Commercial banks, Banking offices and Transfers Offices) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Finally, current study concludes that money laundering spread in Kurdistan region as well as in Iraq, because of wars, political and security instabilities, and the spread of financial, economic and administrative corruption. In addition, the increase of money laundering by (1%) leads to a reduction of GDP by (0.24%). Furthermore, if the central bank completely independent can confronte this problem. At the end, necessary defiance the money laundering by activation the laws and instructions on this phenomenon, and the continuous monitoring on Commercial banks, Banking offices and Transfers Offices, and the need to find modern techniqes to control the money laundering.

Supporting investment is one of the most important pillars of development plans in all countries in them medium and long term to achieve sustainable development by raising the rates of GDP growth, creating jobs and modernized technical modeling. This study is aimed at knew the role that the domestic investment can be to achieve sustainable development in Egypt for (2000-2016) through the use of standard analysis tools to see the relationship between local investment and sustainable development. The study concluded that the increasing domestic investment Egypt in one unit with the stability of other factors win increase in GDP per capita by $ 3.020 Dollar, increase the life expectancy at birth by 9.110 years. As well as increase the average education by 8.270 years. Thus increasing the contribution of this indicator to the sustainable development of the Republic of Egypt In the same amount. The research found that domestic investment in Egypt is an economic variable that has a direct and significant impact on changes in per capita GDP, life expectancy at birth and average life expectancy, which makes it one of the economic and social variables that affect sustainable development. The study suggested the necessity of the political will of most Arab. Union and the necessity of achieving economic and security stability and the existence of local economic regulations and laws that facilitate the capital movement in the Arab countries, and supporting the industrial and agricultural sector to reduce unemployment and encourage manufacturing in industries.

The economic activities produced in particular are of great importance because they have a great role in all economic aspects of the country. This is explained by the old and modern theories about the role of productive economic activities in the growth of the total fixed capital formation because the activity when it is productive contributes to the country's macroeconomic development process. This study aims to analyze and measure the productive activities and their role in the capital formation (investment) of the Iraqi economy during the period from 2000 to 2016. It considered two periods before 2003 and after 2003, which is a major turning point for the Iraqi economy for the US to Iraq and the radical changes that took place in the reality of the Iraqi economy. The standard ratios in this study were calculated between the gross fixed capital formation of the public sector (a dependent variable) and the most important economic variables in Iraq, the economic activities produced (agriculture, hunting and fishing, mining and quarrying, industry, Sector of Construction and Building) And the total savings (independent variables). A set of standard tests, such as the extended Dickey-Fuller test and the joint integration test to test the relationship between the variables. Was used Joint integration to ARDEL. As well as have been used Error Correction Model for the type of relationship between variables in the long and short term using the SPSS.22 program.

Tax is associated with the existence and development of the state. Each state is in need of revenues to meet its increasing general needs. Taxes have many goals including the financial and funding role and economic role. Taxes play vital role in enabling the state to interfere in various faces of economic life. The study aimed to analyze the reality of the Jordanian tax system and a cycle in providing the general budget with the financial revenues necessary to finance public expenditure, the study indicates that the main source of public revenue in Jordan is tax revenues which contribute 60.17% of public revenues.
As for Iraq, the reality of the Iraqi tax system was presented. The study concluded that the non-diversification of the constituent sectors of the GDP in Iraq, the weak role of the private sector and reliance on oil revenues by up to 95% The marginalization of the role of taxes in financing. The researcher recommends the need to conduct an extensive and planned study in advance before working on the amendment and development of tax legislation, including laws, regulations and instructions, to gain the respect and confidence of individuals in the tax law, as well as simplifying tax procedures and facilitating taxpayers.

This research aims to study the correlation between the domestic credit, provided to the private sector as a percentage of the gross domestic production GDP, and the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate in Jordan for the periods 1991-2016. The research adopts the autoregressive distributed lag model ARDL, using the augmented Dicky Fuller test, Granger causality test, and the long term and short term capabilities test of the model.
The study found that there is a significant inverse relationship from the domestic credit to the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate. The results of the Boud Test were not decisive; so there is not possible to establish a common integration relationship and a long term equilibrium relationship between the variables.