Leadership Thought for Research and Studies

economy constitutes the cornerstone of state building and an essential factor for stability, because it contributes to the creation of social values and the representation of the political form of the state. Iraq suffers from difficult circumstances due to structural imbalances, despite the economic resources it possesses , as the State’s economic administration made the Iraqi economy a unilateral economy dependent on the source of oil only, Therefore, we must turn to economic reform in order to create comprehensive development based on the experiences of other countries, by giving a role to the private sector as well as diversifying our country’s economy, relying on the economic components, including the existing human resources, to formulate a developmental start for the Iraqi national economy. After the liberation of Iraq in 2003, it became clear that the political forces did not have an intellectual approach to the Iraqi economy and its transformation into a market economy, as the economic system was changed from socialist to market economy, and the legislative aspect was neglected, and a clear strategic vision was not developed for the next decade or two. The decision-makers did not have clear priorities with the aim of transforming the oil sector from being a dominant and financing sector to a wealth-producing sector by contributing to stimulating other economic sectors. Accordingly, the research is summarized in two strategic axes: the reality of the Iraqi economy, with all its problems and administrative and financial crises that are not commensurate with the capabilities that characterize the identity of the Iraqi economy in this geographical location integrated with its resources, as well as the nature and quality of its human resources. This topic was discussed in the first chapter. As for the second chapter, it is related to the future prospects of the Iraqi economy that are required to be achieved and reached as a goal and objective of the research, and in a way that is commensurate with the reality of the Iraqi economy, its size, The type, and level. According to the hypothesis, it is an issue that revolves around the philosophy of management that drives economic activities and their variables, which relates first and last to the creation of leadership and leaders and their role in thinking and studying decision making and how to make those decisions, implement them, and follow up their implementation.

This research addresses the sustainable green economy as a main strategy to enhance Iraq\\'s economic and environmental conditions. Iraq faces major challenges, including excessive dependence on oil and environmental degradation. The study analyzes policies required to transition Iraq’s economy toward a sustainable green economy, focusing on the importance of collaboration among the Government, private sector, and civil society. It highlights possible benefits for this transition, such as improving life quality, providing new job opportunities, and enhancing economic diversity. The research presents a critical analysis for the previous reports and studies to determine strengths and challenges in accomplishing this vision.

الهدف من هذا البحث هو وصف الوضع الحالي لقطاع الكهرباء في جمهورية العراق، وتحليل العوامل البيئية المحيطة بهذه الخدمة المهمة، التي يجب توفيرها بشكل مستقر ومستدام للعراقيين. تضمن البحث قسمين أساسين هما قسم المنهجية ويتبعه قسم النتائج والمناقشة. في القسم الخاص بالمنهجية تم توضيح طريقة تحليل المخاطر المتمثلة بنقاط القوة، والضعف، والفرص والتحديات (SWOT) على شكل خطوات متسلسلة تقود إلى الهدف من التحليل. تم بناء مصفوفات المخاطر المطلوبة باستخدام طريقة المقارنة المزدوجة وباعتماد العلاقة النسبية بين كل عنصرين في أي مصفوفة. بناءً على نتائج هذا البحث تم اقتراح أولويات استراتيجية يمكن أن يتبناها صانعو القرار لتحسين واقع الكهرباء، وتقوية أمن الطاقة، وعلى المديين المتوسط والبعيد. فضلًا عن وضع وصف نوعي للنتائج باستخدام مصفوفة التقاطع لنقاط التحديات، والفرص، والضعف والقوة (TOWS) لتسهيل التطبيق العملي لنتائج البحث من ناحية الأولويات الاستراتيجية المطلوب تبنيها لتحقيق الهدف.

This research highlights the importance of data readiness in the State’s institutions and the key elements of such readiness to leverage artificial intelligence technologies. It presents a case study on the governmental data that are hosted in National Data Center to assess their digital gaps and associated challenges. Results indicate the need to improve data quality, enhance system integration, and develop infrastructure and policies to maximize the benefits of artificial intelligence. The research proposes solutions to improve the data readiness of state institutions for artificial intelligence.

The research focused on understanding the nature of cyberterrorism as a non-traditional threat that transcends geographical boundaries and complicates the processes of tracking and legal attribution. This complexity necessitates multi-level and sophisticated response mechanisms. Within this framework, the study highlights the American model in combating cyberterrorism, which relies on proactive strategies, federal legislation, advanced executive orders, and cooperation between the public and private sectors. It also reviews the European model, which adopts a collective approach that balances security protection with digital freedoms, through unified legislation and specialized coordination bodies. The research aims to analyze these models and provide a scientific insight for understanding the various response mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of developing integrated and flexible policies that keep pace with the evolving digital threats and are based on international cooperation, as well as technical and legal governance.

In the era of globalization, the security environment witnessed profound transformations as a result to rapid technological development and increasing global integration, wherein security is no more confined to conventional concepts; instead, it began to include new dimensions. The most prominent of those updates is the emergence of cyber security as one of the important challenges due to increasing reliance on digital space in various areas of life, which made states and institutions more liable to electronic attacks that threat vital infrastructure and national privacy. In the same context, Artificial Intelligence is a double-edged weapon as it offers powerful tools to improve data security through analyzing massive data and prediction of attacks, but at the same time, it opens the space to innovate advanced methods of cyber-attacks. Using Artificial Intelligence in surveillance and control arouses ethical and legal issues that are related to privacy and rights. These changes require redefinition of national security concept and international cooperation to confront cross-border threats, in addition to the development of human, legislative, and technical capacities to keep up with this new security reality.

the executive authority in Iraq, through the Council of Ministers, has adopted issuing several decisions regarding the organization of mechanisms for assigning and appointing senior officials, for the purpose of formulating clear plans to address corruption in state institutions, as well as in response to international conventions and to strengthen previous legislation issued by the Iraqi legislator, due to the importance of the role of senior officials in addressing this phenomenon, especially since the government program has adopted this policy, which leads to achieving sustainable development by achieving a comprehensive vision in this regard.

This Research aims to identify the challenges facing the archaeological tourism sector, trace the factors affecting the success of sustainable archaeological tourism development, propose appropriate strategies to achieve this vision, and identify the best practices in managing archaeological sites and developing tourism. This research is descriptive research in which the researcher used the survey method by distributing a questionnaire to the research community represented by the Directors General and heads of departments working in Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities, specifically the Tourism and Antiquities Authority, numbering (44) individuals. The researcher used the comprehensive enumeration method and (42) questionnaires were adopted. The research concluded the importance of formulating a long-term strategy for the development of sustainable archaeological tourism by developing investment in it.

This research aims to study the reality of archaeological tourism in Iraq and focus on its components as well as identifying the challenges and obstacles facing this type of tourism in the country. To achieve the requirements for completing this research, an electronic questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a random sample of people and employees in the archaeological and tourism sectors, especially those working in archaeological sites with tourist attractions, and it was analyzed by using the percentage.

Prison overcrowding is a major problem that negatively affects the process of reforming and rehabilitating inmates and results in a set of other problems that extend to health and service facilities as well as family communication within the correctional institution. In addition, it represents a violation of the rights of inmates and detainees stipulated by the applicable law, especially with regard to sleeping, resting and bathing places, which are essential requirements for mental and physical stability during the shelter phase. Overcrowding helps spread infectious diseases among inmates, as well as psychological illnesses and the spread of cases of sexual and physical assault; due to crowding and cohesion among them, in addition to the difficulty of classifying the type of crime, the length of the sentence, the degree of danger, or criminal records. This will, as a result, hinder the process of reform and rehabilitation and the implementation of rehabilitation, training, and employment programs. In this study, we will shed light on the phenomenon of overcrowding by using the social survey method by sample. A sample of (200 inmates) was selected. Distributed across the study community in (10 prisons) with (20 inmates) for each section, they were selected using a simple random sample method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The study concluded that overcrowding has a significant impact on the behavior and tendencies of inmates, as there were behavioral acts that violated the rules of control within the shelters, such as self-harm, fighting, and violence. Overcrowding also causes widespread illness among inmates, especially respiratory, psychological, and physical diseases. Overcrowding also has a significant impact on the level of services provided to inmates (health, education, housing, and rehabilitation). The study concluded that overcrowding has a significant impact on the weakness of the reform process through weak training, rehabilitation, and employment programs, and depriving some inmates of participation or obtaining one participation during the long sentence.

This study addresses the role of United Nations in peacebuilding in post-independence South Sudan, focusing on the role of United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) in protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian access, and supporting the political process among the conflicting parties. The study also reviews UN programs to support national reconciliation, reintegrate former combatants, and build the capacity of government institutions to promote the rule of law. Despite these efforts, the United Nations has faced significant challenges, such as persistent ethnic conflicts, weak infrastructure, and a lack of funding, which have affected the effectiveness of its programs. Despite these challenges, UN efforts remain a key focus for supporting security and peacebuilding in South Sudan.

In light of the growing complexity of violent extremism and the evolving nature of terrorist threats, this study explores the role of scientific research as a proactive tool in countering radicalization and terrorism. It argues that traditional security-based responses are no longer sufficient and that a multidisciplinary analytical approach is required to understand and disrupt the underlying dynamics of extremist behavior.
Drawing on psychological, sociological, political, digital, and environmental frameworks, the research analyzes key models of radicalization—such as McCauley and Moskalenko’s “group dynamics” model—and incorporates recent data on digital recruitment, identity fragility, and algorithmic manipulation by extremist networks. The study also critically examines regional preventive programs, including the “Etidal Center” in Saudi Arabia and “Takwine” in Morocco, as examples of localized, evidence-based interventions.
The findings suggest that integrating academic insight with policy-making and fieldwork enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of counter-extremism strategies. The study calls for the development of a unified Arab framework for preventive action, anchored in scientific inquiry, early warning systems, and cross-sector collaboration between research institutions and security agencies.