magazine aldhakwat albedh

The concept of existence is the most well-known of all things, indeed all things are known by it, because it is rooted in the mind and is imprinted in it in a primary, innate way. If one intends to express this meaning through speech, then this is an alert to the mind, a warning to the mind, and a designation of it by allusion from among all the other foundations of the mind, not an indication of things that are more famous and better known than them. Thus, the definition of existence, according to this, is nothing more than a verbal definition
Existentialism, in all its meanings, agrees in saying that existence precedes essence. The essence of a being is what it actually achieves through its existence. For this reason, it exists first, and then its essence is determined starting from its existence. It also agrees that existence is, in the first place, human existence
In contrast to objective existence, which is merely the existence of tools, and in this, this existence is a channel and the secret of finitude, the dome of the entry of time into its composition, and then nothingness is an essential, fundamental element that enters into the components of existence>

This research addresses the theoretical and epistemological foundations upon which the logic of understanding the Qur’anic text is based, as a methodological framework that seeks to establish rules and principles for understanding that ensure sound interpretation and prevent slipping into chaotic understanding or interpretation. It proceeds from the necessity of establishing a coherent epistemological vision for understanding the text according to sound linguistic, historical, and intellectual conditions.
It also explores the problematics of reference in dealing with the divine text, highlighting the need for an internal logic for the Qur’an that takes into account its objectives and contexts. Thus, the research contributes to the development of a theoretical framework for the logic of understanding the Qur’anic text, one that integrates with the humanities and reaffirms the importance of a disciplined methodology of interpretation.

Interpreting a metaphorical text in its context (both literal and figurative) depends entirely on understanding the relationship between the apparent meaning and the intended meaning. Interpreting a metaphorical text, both literal and figurative, depends on understanding the relationship between the two: the simile and the metaphorical. The simile is the object to be described, and the simile is the object used to indicate the attributes of the object of the simile, etc.
Interpretation also depends on the presence of context, whether verbal or semantic, which prevents the recipient from taking the words literally or literally. Understanding the rhetorical purpose of this expression and striving to create an aesthetic or psychological impact requires understanding the context in which the metaphor appears and the degree of beauty it infuses into the text.
The role of interpretation lies in:
1. Understanding the deeper meanings in metaphorical and other texts.
2. Comprehending the aesthetic and psychological dimensions underlying them.
3. Uncovering the writer›s visions and approach to these texts. In general, we can say that metaphorical texts carry a significant rhetorical weight in terms of expression and the interaction of meanings, presenting a rhetorical image rich with new connotations that influence the recipient.
The relationship between truth and metaphor is not one of opposition or difference; rather, they complement each other. Metaphor is born from truth and relies on it to understand the new metaphorical image.

Our research, entitled «Slaughter in Imami Jurisprudence and the Jurisprudence of Other Schools,» addresses, in its first title, the meaning of slaughter in the technical language. In its second title, it addresses the basic conditions for obtaining the legal slaughter that permits eating according to Imami jurisprudence. It addresses the requirement of Islam whenThe Imami jurists, as well as the condition of saying Bismillah according to the Imami jurists, as well as the condition of facing the Qiblah according to the jurists of the Imami school, and it addresses the condition of iron in the slaughtering tool according to the Imami jurists, and it addresses the condition of the blood coming out as is known among the Imami jurists, as it also addresses the condition of the movement of the slaughtered animal After the slaughter is complete according to the Imami jurists, and in the third title the research addresses the same conditions mentioned but according to the Sunni jurists, as the research addresses the points of agreement and disagreement in all the conditions between the Imami jurists and the Sunni jurists. We have intended to mention an introduction at the beginning The research, and finally, a conclusion and index of sources.

The current research aims to identify impulsive behavior in children of working and non-working mothers, the significance of the difference in impulsive behavior in children of working and non-working mothers, and the variable (males vs. females). To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher developed an impulsive behavior scale based on a holistic, integrative perspective, as well as theoretical frameworks and scales. The number of paragraphs in the final version of the scale reached (23) paragraphs. Its psychometric properties were verified, and the instrument was applied to a purposive sample of (200) children randomly selected from kindergartens of the Baghdad Education Directorate (Rusafa (1) and Rusafa (2) for the academic year 2024-2025 .
The following results were reached
1-Children of working and non-working mothers exhibit impulsive behavior.
2- There is a significant difference between children of working and non-working mothers, which is valid for working mothers.
3- There are no differences between (children of working and non-working mothers) in impulsive behavior according to the variable (male, female).

The present study aims to identify the effectiveness of the Renzulli Learning Model in developing the achievement of literature and texts among academically gifted eleventh-grade students, as well as its role in enhancing their learning autonomy. The researcher adopted the experimental method using a design that included both an experimental and a control group. The research sample consisted of a group of gifted students from the Directorate of Education in Al-Rusafa Third in Baghdad. The researcher developed two instruments: an achievement test for literature and texts for the eleventh-grade science track, and a learning autonomy scale. The experiment was conducted during the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic year.
The results indicated that the experimental group, which studied using the Renzulli Model, outperformed the control group, which was taught through traditional methods, in both academic achievement and learning autonomy. The model demonstrated effectiveness in both variables according to the delayed post-test results. Based on these findings, the researcher recommended integrating the Renzulli Model into official teaching strategies for literature and texts, and encouraging students to select literary topics for analysis and research through individual or group projects—thereby enhancing their self-regulation and decision-making skills.

The current research aims to identify:
1. The level of soft skills among practitioners in colleges of education, from the perspective of the educational supervisor.
2. The level of teaching competencies among practitioners in colleges of education, from the perspective of the educational supervisor.
3. The correlation between soft skills and teaching competencies among practitioners in colleges of education from the perspective of the educational supervisor.
The current research community is defined as the practicing students in the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences/College of Education for Humanities/University of Wasit for morning studies for the academic year 2024/2025, numbering (93) practitioners, both male and female, who were all selected as a exploratory and basic sample for the research. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared two scales for soft skills and teaching competencies. The soft skills scale consisted of six dimensions and its final form consisted of (34) items, while the teaching competencies scale consisted of seven domains and its total number of items was (75) teaching competencies. The researcher applied the two scales to the research sample. After statistically processing the research results using the Statistical Package for the Human Sciences (SPSS), the following results were revealed:
There is a good level of soft skills and teaching competencies among the practicing students, and the relationship is a statistically significant direct relationship between the soft skills scale and each domain. Teaching competencies, and in light of the research results, the researcher developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The media as a whole has now become the voice for the environmental challenges and negatives that harm its development. Today, as we see, paying attention to the environment and focusing on its components as a whole has become one of the most important issues facing the entire world, not limited to a specific group or country. This has become a global concern because, as is well known, the pollutants surrounding the Earth have increased worldwide. This has resulted from poor investment and exploitation of environmental resources, not to mention the wrong methods and irregular behavior of humans. Furthermore, countries produce derivatives and recycle waste, all of which has been dragged into neighboring areas. All of this has now affected the environmental balance and led to shallow development. In this regard, we turn today to our Iraqi environment, which has become somewhat similar to... The environment of industrialized countries and the effects of their industrial production on their atmosphere. We must not forget the role of climate change and environmental disasters, which constitute the primary obstacle to the development of a sustainable and integrated environment. Today, social and economic pressures play a prominent role, both influencing the environment and its development. In this discussion, we will address our Iraqi environment, which has become considered an environment with an average level of development and lacks comprehensive care in all aspects.

The teenage phase that students go through is one of the most important and dangerous stages of human development that an individual goes through during his life. The student in the secondary stages is within this phase, and thus faces many problems in various aspects. This requires the availability of a scientifically qualified person who studies and analyzes the characteristics of students’ personalities, He provides appropriate guidance and counseling for the problem of the person seeking counseling, as the educational counselor, who is a member of the teaching staff, is an active element in the educational process. He works to develop the student’s personality in a manner that is compatible with the school system, as he provides his guidance and counseling to his students through his meetings with the students, and prepares reports and guidance programs, For the problems that students are exposed to, and also works on conducting a case study of complex problems that require multiple counseling sessions. As a result, educational counseling is a professional humanitarian service whose goal is to know the obstacles that the student faces, whether in the academic field, or interacting with the school’s requirements. The educational counselor works on increasing Raising students› awareness of their academic responsibilities, motivating them to make an effort in academic achievement, and training them in the skill of solving problems that prevent them from achieving their goals.

This study presents a comparative analysis of Imami jurisprudential texts through two applied case studies: Al-Mabsut by Shaykh al-Tusi and Urwat al-Wuthqa by Sayyid al-Yazdi. It reveals a clear evolution in juristic writing from the 5th to the 14th century AH, shifting from dialectical-argumentative style to a practical, direct approach. The research highlights the impact of foundational principles, textual sources, and scholarly contexts in shaping the structure of juristic discourse, and it identifies both methodological similarities and differences between the two works. Despite stylistic changes, the study affirms the continuity of methodological unity in the Imami tradition.

Ruby is one of the precious stones in Andalusia that has enjoyed a prestigious position since ancient times until today, especially among kings, princes and the rich. Its importance is due to its use in many industries, including textiles, the most important of which is decorating the clothes of caliphs and princes and the clothes of their women, iron, perhaps the most prominent of which is decorating sword handles with rubies, leather and wood, in addition to its main uses, which is the manufacture of ornaments and jewelry. It is also used to highlight aspects of sophistication and prosperity and to demonstrate the social status of rulers, princes, governors and senior state officials, as well as their wives and concubines. We must not forget the competition of women of the affluent class in Andalusia to obtain it because it reflects their immense wealth and great status with the rulers and governors on the one hand and the general public of Andalusian society on the other.

Sheikh Muhammad al-Uraybi His Life and Political Role in Contemporary Iraqi History 1895–1971 Muhammad Al-Uribi, the sheikh of the Al-Bu Muhammad clans, was born in 1895 in the Amara district. He participated in the jihad movement against the British occupation of Iraq in 1914, but after their occupation of the Amara district on June 3, 1915, his loyalty changed towards the Ottomans. He became loyal to the British authorities, due to the British administration’s policy that granted him the right to maintain his province, which he now adhered to, and privileges that helped him maintain the stability of his tribe in Al-Kahla, unlike the Ottoman administration, which was characterized by cruelty and violence. His participation in the jihad movement was only motivated by religion.
He was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly for the Amara District in 1924 AD, and as a representative for the Amara District in nine electoral terms in the House of Representatives. He was also appointed as a member of the Senate from 1946 AD to 1954 AD, and his policy contributed to preserving His boycott and the stability of the Albu Muhammad clan in Al-Kahla by not interfering in the political conflicts between governments during the royal era and not taking sides with one party over another. After the revolution of July 14, 1958 AD and the declaration of the republic, he was arrested and his lands were given to the farmers, then he was released to stay away from politics, and he continued his role as the Sheikh of the Sheikhs of the Albu Muhammad until his death in Baghdad in 1971 AD.

The careful observer of the journey of Arabic linguists finds that the book Islāḥ al-Manṭiq by Ibn al-Sikkīt (d. 244 AH) is one of the foundational texts in Arabic language studies. It has been a central focus for Arab scholars in terms of study, memorization, summarization, and commentary. The book represents the beauty and clarity of expression, and the accuracy and eloquence of linguistic performance.
It compiles numerous sayings of scholars from Basra and Kufa, as well as some Bedouin narrators, organizing them under linguistic themes governed by morphological structures and phonological phenomena such as vowel shifts, hamzah, assimilation, gender, duality, predominance, and negation.
Each chapter gathers words supported by corresponding evidences, whether similar or different in meaning, and includes certain interpretations, with the aim of preserving the Arabic language from error and corruption.
Ibn al-Sikkīt was known for his noble character and was widely recognized for his academic integrity, which is evident in all his works. He was keen to attribute most sayings to their original speakers and to return each narration to its source. His poetry reflects his commitment to respectful citation.
Narratives mention that Ibn al-Sikkīt followed the Kufan linguistic school. In this research, we attempted to highlight his contributions and methodology in his famous book Islāḥ al-Manṭiq through analysis and induction, as well as by addressing various linguistic issues.

This study aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on high school students› motivation towards biology. An experimental design with a single group pre-test and post-test was employed, involving 100 high-school students in Baghdad. The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores in favor of the post-test, indicating the effectiveness of e-learning in enhancing students› motivation towards biology. The study recommends integrating e-learning technologies into biology instruction to improve educational outcomes and increase student motivation.

This study aims to explore the levels of consciousness in the novels The Palm Tree and the Neighbors and Five Voices by Ghaib Tu›ma Farman. The researcher adopts the framework of genetic structuralism to identify these levels of consciousness, which reflect the awareness of a particular social class and its specific perceptions of the Iraqi reality during a historical phase preceding the fall of the monarchy. This consciousness was shaped by social, political, and economic conditions. The analysis reveals the author’s perceptions—representative of an educated social class—toward that period marked by World War II, as he attempts to depict the suffering of marginalized societal groups under the authority of Nuri al-Said’s regime, which was aligned with colonial powers and antagonistic toward various societal factions and segments of the intellectual class with revolutionary ideas. This perspective is exemplified in The Palm Tree and the Neighbors. Meanwhile, Five Voices presents a generation with diverging visions—some lacking principle or ideology, and others committed to social and political causes—whose ultimate fate is marginalization and suppression.

This research aims to shed light on the impact of Arab studies on Orientalists› interpretations of the concepts of elitism and populism. The majority of Arab authors and Orientalists initially argued that the concept of «elitism» in Sufism was a novelty in Islam, and that the people of Baghdad were the ones who introduced it. This was due to the fact that the term «Sufi» or «Sufi elite» was not used for the Companions or Followers. Because asceticism and devotion to religion were common at that time, but with people›s preoccupation with worldly matters, the need arose to distinguish some of the elite who were interested in religion, and thus the concept of the Sufi elite emerged. Some orientalists initially adopted the idea that the origins of elite Sufism came from foreign sources (Greek, Christian, Persian, Indian, Buddhist). Arab studies confirmed that talk about the origins of the concept of «elite Sufi» was present among a number of early imams and sheikhs. A number of researchers, including Abdul Rahman Al-Jami, indicate that the first to be called «Sufi» was Abu Hashim Al-Kufi (d. 160 AH), which indicates the existence of the origins of the Sufi elite concept since the second century AH, even if it was not widely common at first. A number of orientalists agree that the title «Sufi» was first known in Kufa with the alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (d. 160 AH), then Abu Hashim Al-Kufi, and Abd Al-Sufy. These three are considered among the first to use the term «Sufi» as an elite concept. These views confirm that Sufism, in its earliest origins, was connected to the city of Kufa. Most Arab scholars and Orientalists agree that the origins of elite Sufism began early in Islam, specifically with the elite group of the Suffa, the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), during the first century AH (19th century AD). They were known for their asceticism and detachment from the world. Initially, the term «elite Sufism» was not widely used, but was limited to a small elite of imams. It later became a popular and well-known term in the third century AH (19th century AD). These early Sufis held a special status, as al-Qushayri described them as «the elite of God›s saints,» due to their level of closeness to God, their obedience, and their devotion. They were given the title «saints» in Sufi literature and were believed to carry out cosmic and spiritual missions, which led to the emergence of the concept of «esoteric world government» referred to by the Orientalist Eric Geoffroy.

• Relational Thriving among university students.
• Influential Personality among university students.
• The correlation between Relational Thriving and adaptive perfectionism among university students.
The research sample included(200) male and female university students for the (2024-2025) academic year. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a Relational Thriving Scale based on the theoretical model (Feeney & Collins, 2015). The scale included (20) items with a five-point scale divided into five components. The Influential Personality Scale was based on the theory of (Martins, 2019) and also included (20) items divided into five components, each containing five items. The validity and reliability of the two scales were verified, and after statistical analysis, the results showed the following:
• University students enjoy Relational Thriving.
• University students enjoy Influential Personality.
• There is a statistically significant relationship between Relational Thriving and Influential Personality.

God Almighty created man, and did not leave him wandering aimlessly on earth without a guide or proof to distinguish between good and evil, beautiful and ugly, righteous and wicked. Rather, God Almighty granted him reason to distinguish between these matters and others. Since this reason is limited and incapable of answering all the questions and problems surrounding it, guidance and correction came.
Divine guidance from the Almighty Creator through revelation. God Almighty sent prophets and messengers and revealed with them the heavenly books, in order to guide humanity and bring it out of darkness into light, and from oppression and injustice to justice and mercy. These laws came, as Ibn al-Qayyim said, “all justice, all mercy, and all wisdom.”

The current research sought to identify the level of understanding irrational thoughts among fourth-grade science students in the intermediate stage, focusing on the differences in these thoughts according to the student›s gender, whether male or female. The research sample included (200) male and female students, who came from the fourth-grade science classes affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Kirkuk. The researcher designed a scale for irrational thoughts, based on previous scales such as the Al-Saffar scale (2002), which consists of (36) items, and the Al-Ali Beyk scale (2004), which includes (40) items. The research instrument was reviewed by a group of experts, which greatly contributed to enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the results. Its discriminatory ability was also evaluated and its reliability calculated using the test-retest method. The data was processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), along with a variety of other statistical tools. Through this diligent effort, the researcher reached a set of interesting results: First, the sample members› tendencies indicated a high level of irrational thoughts. Second, the study did not reveal any statistically significant differences between male and female middle school students when considering the gender variable.

The current research contributes to identifying the level of cultural intelligence among educational supervisors in Kirkuk Governorate, and studying the differences according to the variables of gender (male-female) and academic achievement (literary-scientific). The primary research sample included 145 male and female supervisors. The researcher relied on the cultural intelligence scale they created, consisting of 19 items. This scale was based on the version previously prepared by Semaan (2020) and Musa (2018). The face and construct validity of the measurement tool were verified by presenting it to a group of experts, in addition to calculating the discriminatory power and reliability of the tool using the test-retest method. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, along with the use of several other statistical methods. The research results indicated that educational supervisors have a high level of Good cultural intelligence, with statistically significant differences in favor of females when comparing cultural intelligence levels between the sexes. The results also showed statistically significant differences between academic achievement levels (literary-scientific), indicating a convergence between them in cultural intelligence levels.

This quasi-experimental study investigates the effectiveness of design thinking in enhancing fifth-grade elementary students’ performance in solving geographical problems within Babylon Governorate, Iraq. A sample of 50 students was randomly divided into an experimental group (25 students) trained via design thinking and a control group (25 students) taught through traditional methods. Pre- and post-tests were administered to assess performance, with statistical analysis conducted using independent samples t -tests. Results revealed statistically significant differences (t = 4.35, df = 48, p < 0.05) in favor of the experimental group, with a post-test mean score of 71 (variance = 81) compared to 57 (variance = 177.5) for the control group. Classroom observations indicated high student engagement in problem identification (82%), idea generation (76%), and collaborative work (78%). Design thinking’s iterative, human-centered approach fostered critical and creative problem-solving skills, aligning with 21st-century learning goals. The study underscores the strategy’s suitability for elementary learners, bridging theoretical knowledge with real-world applications. Recommendations include integrating design thinking into elementary geography curricula and providing teacher training programs to promote active, student-centered pedagogy.

Environmental issues today represent a critical global concern that increasingly demands the attention of policymakers, legal scholars, and communities alike. The accelerating environmental degradation caused by unchecked human activity—including urban expansion, industrial growth, and overconsumption—highlights the inadequacy of fragmented or purely reactive legal systems. This research addresses the necessity of developing a more holistic and integrative approach to environmental protection, particularly in Muslim-majority societies, by bridging public law with the foundational principles of Islamic Sharia.
The study is premised on the view that public law, while essential, remains insufficient to address the depth and complexity of ecological challenges without reinforcement from ethical and religious frameworks that promote internalized responsibility. Thus, the paper explores how Islamic jurisprudence offers not only legal rules but also a value-based worldview that commands stewardship, balance, and the non-corruption of the earth. It analyzes key provisions and legislative models from contemporary public environmental law, comparing them with Islamic legal thought rooted in the higher objectives of Sharia (Maqasid al-Sharia).
A central theme of the study is the concept of environmental sustainability, examined through both philosophical and legal lenses. The research emphasizes the potential for aligning this modern concept with Islamic principles, thereby creating a unified legal vision that resonates culturally and ethically. It discusses the application of key Islamic doctrines—such as the prohibition of harm (La Darar), the principle of trusteeship (Istikhlaf), and the pursuit of public interest (Maslahah)—in protecting natural resources and securing intergenerational equity.
Ultimately, the study proposes a framework for integrated environmental legislation in Muslim contexts, combining the strengths of statutory public law with the normative power of Sharia, to foster a cohesive and just ecological order grounded in responsibility, faith, and collective awareness.

.This research addresses the topic of “Work Stress and Intellectual Immunity among Art Education Teachers”, in light of the increasing challenges faced by teachers in their professional environments, particularly art education teachers who often work under conditions of limited resources and low societal appreciation for their subject.
The study aims to shed light on the level of work-related stress experienced by these teachers and the extent of their intellectual immunity, which is considered a key psychological and cognitive factor in coping with stress and professional difficulties.
The research is guided by a central problem: What is the level of work stress and intellectual immunity among art education teachers? Is there a statistically significant relationship between them?
The importance of this study lies in its contribution to a deeper understanding of the professional pressures facing this group of teachers and in highlighting the role of intellectual immunity as a means of psychological and professional resilience. The research aims to measure the levels of both work stress and intellectual immunity, explore the relationship between them, and provide practical recommendations to improve the working environment and enhance teacher performance.

As technology and communication rapidly evolve across the globe, the significance of technical terms in both educational and professional settings has increased substantially. These terms facilitate the clear and concise explanation of complex ideas and new tools, thereby enhancing mutual understanding among researchers and experts. Familiarity with these terms and their meanings is essential for interpreting contemporary scientific topics, particularly those related to technology and digital issues. Translating technical terms from English into Arabic often encounters challenges such as lexical gaps, inconsistent or outdated standard equivalents, and intricate morphological structures. These issues compel translators to make choices between borrowing, calquing, or inventing new terms. Furthermore, cultural challenges arise, including the predominance of English in technical fields juxtaposed with efforts to maintain the linguistic purity of Arabic. This dynamic significantly influences how technical terms are translated and which equivalents are chosen. Consequently, this study investigates the cultural ambiguity inherent in translating technical expressions from an English context into Arabic. Its primary objective is to identify the main difficulties that Iraqi translators face when translating technical terms in software documentation from English to Arabic. The study also aims to assess the effectiveness of various translation methods in accurately conveying technical terminology between the two languages, examine the impact of these terms on the translation and the surrounding context, and discover how they are linguistically and culturally adapted for the target audience.The study examines 5 technical terms from the selected texts, translated by 5 MA candidates in the translation department at the College of Arts, University of Tikrit. Through this analysis, the study identifies key areas of ambiguity associated with the use of technical expressions. Through this analysis, the study identifies key areas of ambiguity associated with the use of technical expressions. The findings illustrate the difficulties encountered by translators in conveying both the linguistic meaning and cultural significance of technical terms. This study provides informative perspectives on the realm of technical language, emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness in the field of translation studies.