Iraqi Journal of Science and Technology

phosphate and mineral super phosphate ) and three levels of mineral fertilizer NPK ( 0 ,50 %
and 100 % ) on the population of Glomus spp and Azotobacter chroococcum through autumn
and spring cultivation seasons . The results showed the superiority of rock phosphate in both
cultivation seasons in increasing number of Glomus spp spores which recorded 132.67 and
47.83 and the number of colony forming unites of Azotobacter chrocooccum wich recorded
14.74 × 103 and 10.72 × 103 and increasing Glomus spp infection severity to 51.14 % and
55.17 % respectively for spring and autumn cultivation seasons . The results also showed that
increasing mineral fertilization to 100% of recommended dose reduced significantly number of
Glomus spp spores to 25.37 and 23.17 and number of CFU to 13.54×103 and 9.38×103 and
infection severity to 50.33 % and 55.83 % for spring and autumn cultivation seasons
respectively . The results also revealed that the interaction between Glomus spp and
Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased both number of Glomus spp spores to 155.83
and 56.78 and the number of cfu to 18.5×103 and 11.22×103 and infection severity to 69.56
and 70.33 for spring and autumn cultivation seasons respectively

The research aimed to determine the effects of hydatid cyst disease on
leukocytes.by using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Samples of blood were
collected from different patienst of different ages and sexes .The result shoed a
degranulation in the cytoplasm of neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil . Also high
phagocytosis activity were observed in neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte,
Furthermore the result illustrated the presence of some cytotoxic lymphocyte.

To study the effect of salt stress on K and Ca accumulation and variance of K/Na
ratio and peroxidase enzyme activity (POD : EC 1.11.1.7 ) in leaves of wheat. Wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar cv. Tamoz2 was planted under three levels of salt stress
and three combination of foliar application were used from nutrients (K+ Ca), (Fe + Zn
+ Mn), and ( K+ Ca) + (Fe+ Zn + Mn).
Results showed that increasing salt stress from 2 to 50 and to 100 mM of NaCl
solution significantly increased Na, and Cl uptake , and decreased K, and Ca uptake in
the flag leaves of wheat. Also, results indicated that application of foliar fertilizer led to
repair the ionic imbalance and increasing dry matter yield of leaves and roots. The
obtained results showed that determination of POD activity was more sensitive to salt
stress than K/Na ratio in leaves of wheat under salt stress and foliar combinations.

Formerly, scientists believed that non-ionizing radiations increased the temperature
of exposed tissues only. Recent researches and studies reveals to possible biological
effects. The Radio broadcasting stations were the most important sources of such
radiations, for this reason international standard limits and recommendations are
suggested. After 2003 the numbers of stations were tremendously increased in Iraq near
crowded residential areas, a survey for the current stations were made inside the capital
city of Baghdad. More than 742 measurements are taken; the highest exposure value
was 21.17 V/m. The required statistical analysis of measurements is implemented and
three dimensional plots are presented using (SPSS Version 19) and (Surfer Version 10)
software. All measurements are below the international standard limits, these limits are
insufficient to protect peoples from this type of exposure and they are a matter of
disputes among researchers. Finally conclusions and suggestions are presented

In this research the effect of magnetic field on the sewage waste water which was
taken from lift station (before settling tank) for Uoor city in Baghdad province was
illusted.
It was found out that the magnetic field increases the suspended solids removal by 53
63% at 250-350 gauss through duration time of 15 min.
The study also showed that magnetic field enhances the suspended solids removal
by accelerating the settling of sludge (settlement time) as well as increasing the sludge
density. Furthermore, the study showed that the efficiency of settlement will decrease
with increasing magnetic field.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetized treated water on the
common carp Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila..The investigation
included induction of infection by intramuscular injection of the bacteria in the site of
the dorsal muscle with dose of 107 cfu/100 gm of fish body weight. The
histopathological results report that the best treatment was with 1500 gauss, the results
showed that of epithelial lamellar hyperplasia of gills and biliary epithelial layer with
lymphoid aggregation in the hepatic and renal tissue mainly in fourth treatment as well
as presence of basal cortical tubules specially in the kidney of the second treatment
while severe sloughing and separation of primary and secondary epithelial lamellae
association with focal necrosis in liver and kidney with evidence of observation of
colonies mainly in the hemorrhagic areas of gill and renal tissues

In order to study the adsorption of zinc and boron in calcareous soil. Laboratory
experiment was carried out using Zn fertilizer (ZnDTPA) and boric acid as source for
boron, in calcareous soil from middle of Iraq, with loamy texture at 30± 2Cº . Different
concentrations of Zn and boron were used (5.0- 80 mg Zn L-1 and 1.0- 16.0mg B L-1).
The results revealed that the adsorption isotherm of zinc and boron were best fitted by
Freundlich equation, in comparison with other physicochemical equation used,
depending on highest values of (r2) for Zn and B (0.887 , 0.931) and highest (t) values
(8.449 , 10.491) respectively.

The effect of magnetic field on the spraying technique was studied to improve the
properties of water basins and to find the possibility of reducing the pollution caused by
the lack of oxygen. Using three glass tanks, the first one represent the control (without
magnetization) and indicated by MO,while the second and third are indicated by M1,
M2 which treated with intensity of 3400 and 5250 guss respectively. The tanks are
works in the same environmental and operational conditions. The physical and
biological property were studied for testing results. The water passing through the
magnetic systems showed clear positive changes in physical properties (such as
dissolved oxygen, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity). The biological tests
showed that the algae growth was reduced in tanks that have magnetized water. The
water used in the three tanks taken from storage tanks were located above the roof of a
laboratories building. There was a little differences between the two magnetic field,
while the 3400 guss intensity treatment biologically better, in spite of the intensity
of5250 guss have higher effect on physical properties to reduce salt deposits on the
walls of the ponds and nozzles

The effect of different levels of replacement in fishmeal feed with Blue-green algae,
Spirulina plantesis on some blood parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio was
investigated. The trail was conducted for 105 days using 200 fingerlings for common
carp with mean weight of (32.7g ± 1.5). Fish were acclimated to laboratory conditions
for three weeks and fed with commercial diets (31% protein). Five experimental diets
were used and Spirulina replaced fishmeal protein within 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3),
15% (T4) and 20% (T5). There were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the White
Blood Cell (WBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean
Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Corpuscular Volume
(MCV). In comparison with the control,\\' Red Blood Cell (RBC) count showed
insignificant value in comparison with the control. Furthermore the results illustrated
that the T5 affect significantly lymphocytes count while the T4 affect the platelets
count.

Cadmium oxide thin films have been prepared on glass substrate at 363K temperature by
SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction)technique using cadmium acetate
solution . The CdO thin films were annealed at 673 and 773 K under atmosphere for 45 min.
The electrical and electro – optical properties were studied. Electrical studies showed that the
thermal-electrical conductivity and activation energies influenced by thin films annealing . The
photoconductivity of CdO thin film for annealed and non- annealed films are studied. It was
found that electrical conductivity increased with annealing temperature

Abstract
The present work involves a field application case in a one of the industrial sector
companies for a reverse osmosis (RO)– industrial water system with a capacity of
80 m3/hr.Microfiltration equipment and their parts in the pretreatment subsystem had
been dealt with via pursuing a reliability oriented developing approach deduced from
matching between an improved recent qualitative approach which is (Site Applications
of Quality Characteristics Evaluating and Activating Design Standardization
(SAQCEADS+)) approach and qualitative considerations inspired by process based
approach in project engineering quality management : qualitative enhancing ,
rehabilitating , and executing. In that context replacing of microfiltration equipment
had been conducted to be as 75 m3/hr flow rate for each equipment instead of 60 m3/hr
in order to solve the increase occurred in pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of
the micro (cartridge) filter equipment. Also, induced vibrations in the system had
been reduced via utilizing flexible joints and metal supports for the plastic pipes
subsystem in the pretreatment system. Conducting of the developing approach adopted
by the present work resulted in an improvement in turbidity value of the treated water.
Also , it encompasses some of what can contribute in system quality boosting, its
performance upgrading, and reliability enhancing in an endeavor to approach horizons
of continual improvement and future development in that field .

In this paper, formation of microstructures porous silicon layer (PS) on c-Si
substrate p-type with resistivity’s10 Ω.cm which was prepared by the electrochemical
etching (ECE) is presented. The etching current densities (40 and 50 mA.cm-2) were
used in the electrochemical etching procedure leading to the formation of 1.08 µm and
1.34µm thick porous layers respectively at constant etching time 300sec. From the
current – voltage characteristics of the PS/p-Si, the potential barrier were determined
and found to be (0.54 and 0.53 eV) respectively. C-V measurements performed on
metal/porous silicon/crystalline silicon structures with different etching current densities
and frequency depended.