Journal of Education for Modern Specialised Studies

Abstract
This research aims to demonstrate the impact of Irregular Qur’anic Readings (Qirā’āt Shādhah) cited by Ibn Jurayj on expanding the exegetical significance (semantic scope) of the Qur\\'anic text. It further seeks to reveal his methodology of citing these readings without commentary or linguistic justification, which opens the door for studying their linguistic and semantic value. The study is divided into an introduction and two main chapters. The first chapter discusses two topics: the definition and criteria of the irregular readings and a profile of Imam Ibn Jurayj and his exegesis. The second chapter is dedicated to compiling the instances where Ibn Jurayj mentioned the irregular readings, examining their chains of transmission (asānīd) and sources, followed by a linguistic and rhetorical analysis, and a comparison of their exegetical impact with that of the Mutawātir (mass-transmitted) readings. The research concludes with the most significant findings.

Abstract
Al-Qazwini succeeded in presenting a simplified educational methodology for the sciences of rhetoric. Jalal al-Din al-Qazwini is considered one of the most prominent figures in rhetoric during the 7th century AH. His book, Talkhis al-Miftah, represented a qualitative shift in the educational approach to rhetorical sciences, as he successfully simplified rhetorical material, making it more accessible for understanding and teaching without compromising its precision or scientific content. The significance of this study lies in highlighting the role of Talkhis al-Miftah in developing the educational methodology of Arabic rhetoric. The research problem centers on the question: How did Al-Qazwini contribute to simplifying and teaching rhetorical sciences through this book.

This study examines the concept of acceptance and submission, emphasizing that they are fundamental principles of the Islamic faith. Submission to Allah, the Exalted, signifies contentment with His decree and destiny, which constitute one of the six pillars of faith. Although acceptance and submission share the general meaning of yielding to and complying with Allah’s command, they differ in the degree of inner contentment. A person may accept a matter without complete satisfaction, possessing only the lowest level of contentment. Submission, however, is characterized by a heart fully content and serene regarding what occurs in reality, leading a believer to the highest ranks of faith. The Muslim who submits to the judgment and decree of his Lord is granted a wholesome and blessed life by Allah Almighty. A person needs submission even as knowledge increases. We recite Surat al-Kahf on Fridays so that its guidance may illuminate the remaining days of the week, reminding us of the principle of submission—even when the wisdom behind Allah’s decrees is hidden from our perception. No matter how much a human being learns, the human mind remains limited compared with the infinite knowledge of Allah, the All-Knowing.

This study addresses an important issue related to acts of worship, specifically the ruling on pronouncing “Āmīn” aloud during prayer. The four Islamic legal schools differed on this matter, each based on its own evidence. Their opinions diverged between reciting Āmīnaloud and reciting it silently. This divergence influenced worshippers in mosques, where some insisted on vocalising it while others recited it quietly. As a result, disputes arose among followers of the different schools at certain periods in Islamic history. Although such disputes eventually subsided, they have reappeared in contemporary Islamic discourse.
This research aims to examine and resolve this renewed debate by demonstrating that such differences are a natural variation in viewpoints that enrich the scholarly field and do not invalidate the opinions of any group. The Ḥanafī scholars, may Allah be pleased with them, held that *Āmīn* should be recited quietly, based on their established evidence. Meanwhile, another group of scholars maintained that it should be recited aloud, also relying on valid evidence.

Abstract
This study highlights the significance of dialogue in the Qur’an as an effective means to affirm creed and refute doubts. Surah Al-Baqarah contains numerous theological dialogues addressing topics such as monotheism, prophethood, the unseen, and resurrection. These dialogues vary between Allah and His angels, Allah and the Children of Israel, and prophets with their people. The research analyzes these dialogues and clarifies their educational and doctrinal impacts for the Muslim.

This study aims to examine the manifestations of spatial and temporal nostalgia in the poetry of ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād. It proceeds from an analysis of his poetic texts and the imagery that reflects his deep connection to the past and to the places that shaped his human experience. The research highlights how the poet employs memories, natural scenes, and abandoned dwellings (aṭlāl) to evoke a bygone era and express his longing for what he has lost—of love, homeland, and past events. It also demonstrates how the interplay between individual and collective memory emerges in his poetry, where nostalgia transcends the boundaries of the self to become a universal human experience that weaves together longing for both place and time.

This study examines the nature of the artificial simile by addressing its definition, components, purposes, and the essence of beauty in its imagery. It highlights how a simile can achieve expressive elegance by creating cohesion between two elements that are not closely related, differing in their inherent nature while being unified through a shared meaning. The greater the distance and obscurity between the two compared entities, the more eloquent and rhetorically powerful the simile becomes.

The study concludes that antithesis is not merely a linguistic device in the poetry of Ibn Sanaa Al-Mulk, but rather a profound artistic tool that enriched his poetic experience and granted it a distinctive character. The poet skilfully employed this technique to highlight meanings, deepen connotations, and reflect the fluctuations and inner conflicts of the human soul.

This study examines the Alawite movement of Abu al-Sarayā, which erupted in Kufa in 199 AH, as one of the most prominent forms of political opposition to the rule of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma\\'mun. The research reviews the personality and upbringing of Abu al-Sarayā, followed by the turbulent political conditions in Iraq after the conflict between al-Amin and al-Ma\\'mun, which paved the way for the emergence of the movement. It also discusses the course of the rebellion and its spread across the cities of Iraq, the Hijaz, and Yemen, as well as the Abbasid authorities’ response until its suppression in 200 AH. The study highlights the political and religious consequences of the movement and its impact on the strained relationship between al-Ma\\'mun and the Alawites, alongside an assessment of Abu al-Sarayā’s role in threatening the stability of the Abbasid state.

I have written a concise study titled “The Impact of Ihsān on Guiding the Call to Allah – A Study Based on Surah Yūsuf (peace be upon him)” In it, I explained the most important manifestations of Ihsān (spiritual excellence) in the life of Prophet Yūsuf. I then interpreted the verses related to Ihsān using the approved books of Tafsīr, and extracted several educational and faith-based lessons that highlight the effect of Ihsān in calling others to Allah. The study also discusses how Ihsān can be practically applied today—by Muslims in general and by preachers in particular—and how it plays a significant role in gaining acceptance of the message within the hearts of those being invited.

This study addresses the topic of “Rulings on Relationships with Dogs in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Study of Issues Related to Contact, Purification, Dog Ownership, and Its Contemporary Health Implications.” The research shows that Islam permits owning dogs for legitimate purposes such as hunting, guarding, and farming, while adhering to rules of cleanliness and purification. It prohibits keeping dogs for decoration or amusement inside homes due to the associated reduction in reward, prevention of angels’ entry, and impurity of saliva. The study reviews the opinions of the four main Islamic schools of thought, highlighting differences regarding the impurity of dogs and its impact on the cleanliness of the body, clothing, and the validity of prayer. Contemporary juristic efforts that address practical developments are also discussed, emphasizing the necessary legal guidelines to balance necessity and luxury. In conclusion, the research provides recommendations to raise religious and health awareness and calls on scholars to issue contemporary fatwas that consider scientific and social developments.

This research is extracted from my thesis entitled “Authentication and Impugnment through Gestures by Imam Ahmad and Their Impact on the Narrator’s Status.” The study aims to collect the gestures used by Imam Ahmad to authenticate or weaken the narrators for whom these gestures were employed, interpret their meanings, and explain their implications. This was done by comparing them with his other statements and the evaluations of other scholars of al-Jarḥ wa al-Taʿdīl (criticism and praise of narrators), in order to determine the most accurate judgment and the impact of these gestures on each narrator’s status.
In the methodology of the scholars of al-Jarḥ wa al-Taʿdīl, a gesture is considered equivalent to a verbal statement—though expressed not by the tongue, but by a bodily movement. The study covered a total of 50 gestures, of which 48 indicated impugnment and 2 indicated authentication. Among them, 24 gestures were accompanied by another statement or action, while 26 were not. This study collected and analysed the gestures used by Imam Ahmad, compared them with his other remarks and those of other critics, and finally presented the conclusions and the effects of these gestures on the status of each narrator.

Abstract
Literary and poetic production, in particular, represents the most faithful expression of the inner workings of the self, revealing the creative persona that lies behind its creator. Through it, we gain insight into the poet’s deep inner world, including his thoughts, aspirations, and the surrounding circumstances. Poetic creativity is the essence of what the self seeks according to psychological motives and internal and external influences. The poet’s self struggles and merges within the crucible of his creativity, expressing itself; as a result, meanings closely tied to the poet’s identity emerge, conveying emotions such as sorrow, joy, contemplation, estrangement, and defeat, among others. Consequently, the relationship of the poetic self is strengthened with its counterpart in life, interacting with it and with its behaviors (the audience/other).

This study aims to explore how artificial intelligence can be utilized to serve the discourse of moderation and balance by producing digital stories characterized by intellectual equilibrium, while rejecting manifestations of extremism and radicalization. The research begins by establishing the theoretical foundations related to moderation and extremism, presenting their philosophical, social, and literary dimensions. It then addresses digital narrative literature as an evolving phenomenon within the digital environment, highlighting its interactive features and diverse expressive media

This research aims to highlight some of the efforts of Imam Abu al-Abbas Ahmad Ibn Muhammad al-Fayoumi (d. 770 AH) in his dictionary \\\\"Al-Misbah al-Munir fi Gharib al-Sharh al-Kabir\\\\" regarding the phenomenon of transitivity and intransitivity. This linguistic phenomenon received notable attention in his dictionary. Due to the extensive discussion of transitivity and intransitivity in Al-Misbah al-Munir, this study focuses specifically on verbs that are both transitive and intransitive, as explicitly stated in the dictionary.The research is divided into an introduction, a preface, two main sections, a conclusion, and a bibliography.In the preface, we provide a brief introduction to al-Fayoumi and his dictionary Al-Misbah al-Munir, along with relevant background. The second section is devoted to compiling the verbs that are both transitive and intransitive, as explicitly identified by al-Fayoumi. The research concludes with a summary of the main findings.

Arabic humor (the nukta or joke) is characterized by its unexpected use of language, relying on wordplay, paradox, and simplified wisdom. Arabs utilized it as a means to express satirical social and political criticism and to highlight the contradictions of daily life. These jokes are often derived from folk tales or anecdotes, carrying a profound message despite their apparent simplicity. This humorous expression was clearly reflected in Arabic proverbs, which served as a free outlet for repressed desires and a rich source for evening entertainment (samar) and artistic creativity.

This research idea stems from the relationship between Jurisprudential Maxims (al-Qawā\\'id al-Fiqhiyyah) and subsidiary legal issues, where a maxim gathers similar issues under the same ruling. Among these maxims is the rule: \\"That which arises from an authorized act has no consequence\\" (al-Mutawallad min ma’dhūn fīhi lā athara lahu). Ta‘zīr (discretionary punishment) is an unquantified penalty executed by order of a judge or ruler, which may result in harm to the punished person. Therefore, the research is entitled: \\"The Maxim: That which arises from an authorized act has no consequence, and its applications in Ta‘zīr punishment – A Comparative Uṣūlī (Juridical Methodology) and Fiqhī (Jurisprudence) Study\\". The study aims to demonstrate the application of this maxim to Ta‘zīr punishment. Following the introduction, the research includes three chapters: The first chapter covers the concept and exceptions of the maxim \\"That which arises from an authorized act has no consequence.\\" The second chapter details the concept, triggers, and legality of Ta‘zīr punishment. The third chapter addresses the application of the maxim to Ta‘zīr punishment. The conclusion presents the main findings reached in the research.

This research aims to study the concepts of “self” and “horizons” as they appear in the Holy Quran, and to analyze their profound and integrated connotations. The research is based on the understanding that the Quran presents a unique model that links the human self (self) with the surrounding external world (horizons), highlighting that harmony between them is key to achieving stability and well-being at both the individual and societal levels. The study will adopt an analytical approach to a group of relevant Quranic verses, drawing on some respected interpretations and modern theories in psychology and sociology, to shed light on the cognitive, ethical, and practical dimensions of this Quranic concept in building a stable and prosperous civilization.

This research aims to study the concepts of “self” and “horizons” as they appear in the Holy Quran, and to analyze their profound and integrated connotations. The research is based on the understanding that the Quran presents a unique model that links the human self (self) with the surrounding external world (horizons), highlighting that harmony between them is key to achieving stability and well-being at both the individual and societal levels. The study will adopt an analytical approach to a group of relevant Quranic verses, drawing on some respected interpretations and modern theories in psychology and sociology, to shed light on the cognitive, ethical, and practical dimensions of this Quranic concept in building a stable and prosperous civilization.

The research attempts to identify the main reasons behind the phenomenon of deleting letters and replacing them with similar vowels. These letters are waw, ya, and alif. The damma is from the waw, the kasra is from the ya’, and the fatha is from the alif. The main purpose of the phenomenon of deletion was to lighten and avoid heaviness. Deletion is considered one of the ancient Arabic methods used for the sake of brevity and abbreviation in composition, and poets, writers, and readers resort to it. Omission and brevity in some places are considered conditions of eloquence. The research has been divided into an introduction and two chapters, followed by a conclusion and a list of research sources, as follows:
Chapter One: The Phenomenon of Deletion and Alleviation
Chapter Two: The Phenomenon of Deleting Letters and Replacing Them with Similar Vowels.
The research concludes with a summary that summarizes the most important findings.

The tolerant teachings of Islam were able to eliminate social problems by abolishing social classes, elevating the value of the human being, freeing slaves, obligating the rich to pay zakat to the poor, smiling in the face of others is charity, removing harm is charity, and restraining tongues and hands is charity. Islam eliminated the crimes of theft and adultery, and replaced the usurious system in financial transactions with values that call for meeting the needs of others, the values of mutual support and solidarity, not consuming people’s money unjustly, writing down debts, whether large or small, until their due date, and not consuming the money of orphans.
On the cultural level, ignorance was widespread in society, despite the Arabs\\\\' well-known eloquence, rhetoric, and numerous poets. Ignorance and illiteracy were overcome by the call to reading and the pursuit of knowledge. The first verse revealed was \\\\"Read in the name of your Lord who created.\\\\" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) even ordered prisoners to teach Muslims in exchange for their release.

This study examines the Gharib al-Qur’an (rare and obscure vocabulary in the Qur’an) in Surat Yusuf, relying on Qur’anic readings (qirā’āt), analytical interpretation, and rhetorical analysis. The aim is to highlight the impact of the diversity of readings in clarifying the meanings of obscure words and guiding their semantic and rhetorical functions.
The study shows that Surat Yusuf contains numerous rare or infrequently used expressions in classical Arabic, which have long attracted the interest of exegetes and linguists. The findings reveal that the obscure vocabulary in this surah embodies precise meanings and powerful imagery. It becomes evident that the variation in Qur’anic readings enriches semantic possibilities and reveals the miraculous rhetorical dimensions of the Qur’anic text.
The research concludes that integrating the sciences of qirā’āt with rhetorical exegesis opens a wide horizon for the study of the Qur’anic text, where linguistic and rhetorical dimensions work together to illuminate the meanings of obscure terms and clarify the purposes of the surah.

This study, titled“A Critique of Lexical Structuring in Ibn Sīdah’s Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam,” aims to highlight the scholarly approach of Ibn Sīdah in handling the structuring of lexical entries, focusing specifically on vocalic diacritics (ḥarakāt) as one aspect of lexical precision. The research shows that certain words appear with two possible vocalizations—for example: (al-qašʿ / al-qišʿ). Ibn Sīdah’s role is to document both vocalizations, then critically evaluate them, indicating which form is more correct, more standard, or more commonly used.
The study reveals that many words attested with two vocalizations were uniquely recorded and distinguished by Ibn Sīdah in his dictionary. It also clarifies the semantic implications of these forms, showing whether the different vocalizations correspond to differences in meaning.

Muslim families face major educational challenges due to the widespread use of digital technologies, which has created new behavioural patterns among children beyond traditional parental control. Prophetic Hadiths serve as a vital educational reference, offering principles capable of regulating behaviour in the digital environment. This study analyses Hadiths related to behavioural refinement and explores practical ways to guide children in their use of technology. It also presents applied models and actionable methods for integrating these teachings into family educational policies. Using analytical and descriptive approaches, the research aims to empower families in protecting children from behavioural deviations resulting from the uncontrolled use of digital tools.

Perhaps the most important outcome of wars in addition to destruction and poverty is the emergence of extremist ideas, which lead to the isolation of the state and paralyzed movement and progress fully as a result of the fighting and the rivalry generated by these extremist ideas, so there is a serious need for the existence of penal provisions that prevent prevention and response both privately and publicly to ensure the existence of A sound society based on sound foundations that will enable it to continue as a functioning state in its international and regional environment.

This study combines both theoretical and applied research, following a plan consisting of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. It addresses several key questions, the most important of which is defining the term ‘Qur’anic guidance and distinguishing it from other Qur’anic sciences. The significance and justification of this study lie in its attempt to uncover an important aspect of the Qur’an’s miraculous nature and a subtle source of its inimitability by demonstrating the unified coherence and strong structure in the composition of Qur’anic surahs, as well as the uniqueness of each surah in its guidance—both in subject matter and style—even in the specific words it employs, which set it apart from all other surahs.
The study also highlights the general and specific guidance found at the end of Surah At-Tawbah through a dedicated thematic analysis.

This research addresses the issue of genetic editing using CRISPR technology from a foundational comparative Islamic jurisprudence perspective. It explores the Islamic ruling on such medical interventions in light of the Qur’an, Sunnah, Islamic legal maxims, and the higher objectives of Shariah. The study distinguishes between therapeutic gene editing—which is conditionally permissible—and cosmetic or enhancement interventions—which are prohibited. It reviews classical and contemporary scholarly opinions and the positions of international Islamic jurisprudence councils.

This study aimed to identify the role played by websites in contributing to the dissemination and promotion of a culture of volunteerism and enhancing awareness among university youth. Adopting a survey methodology, the study population consisted of students from the Faculty of Media and the Faculty of Arts at Al-Iraqia University. The research sample included (188) male and female students who have actively participated in volunteer work. A questionnaire was employed as the primary tool for data collection.
The study reached several key findings, most notably: websites play a significant role in introducing university students to the concept of volunteer work by providing comprehensive information, including its definitions, objectives, and societal importance. Additionally, many organisations post available volunteering opportunities online, making it easier for students to identify activities they can join. The results also indicated that the keenness of youth to use websites as a source for information and news regarding volunteer work is attributed to ease of access, as the internet provides rapid access to extensive information about volunteer opportunities, available programmes, and both local and international events.

This study analyzes geomorphological hazards affecting transportation routes in the mountainous region of Erbil Governorate, using Jindiyān Road as a case study. It aims to identify hazard types and locations and to relate them to natural factors, particularly geology and slope gradients. The research relies on field investigations and GIS and remote sensing techniques. Results reveal a concentration of hazards in areas of steep slopes and weak geological formations, with a significant contribution of human activities to hazard intensification.

This study investigates the preferential judgments (tarjihat) of Ibn Badran al-Dimashqi (d. 1346 AH) in his tafsir Jawahir al-Afkar wa Maadin al-Asrar, with a particular focus on the principles of interpretive preference.It seeks to identify the foundations of exegetical preference and to analyze the interpretive judgments adopted by the author, as well as the methodological principles underlying his selection among differing exegetical opinions.The research addresses the problem of clarifying the principles of exegetical preference and examining the manner in which Ibn Badran applied them in practice. This is achieved by extracting and analyzing selected examples of his preferential judgments from the tafsir and explaining the mechanisms through which these principles were employed in weighing competing interpretations of Qurʾanic verses. The study concludes that Ibn Badran consistently relied on all major principles of exegetical preference identified in this research. Furthermore, he frequently combined more than two principles when favoring one interpretive opinion over others in the interpretation of a single Quranic verse.

This research examines the jurisprudential preferences of Sheikh Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni regarding Wudu (ablution) issues in his book \"Rawa’i al-Bayan,\" through a comparative study with the four major schools of thought. The study aims to analyze Al-Sabuni’s inferential methodology and his ability to balance Sharia texts with Maqasid (objectives), independent of sectarian bias. The findings indicate that Al-Sabuni’s preferences align with the strongest evidence while prioritizing ease, such as the recommendation for renewing Wudu, the permissibility of wiping part of the head, and the obligation of rinsing the mouth and nose during Ghusl.

This research examines the stylistic features of the Quranic expression in Surat al-Furqan, highlighting its rhetorical characteristics in establishing monotheism, proving divine power, and refuting misconceptions. Using an analytical approach, the study uncovers the linguistic secrets within Quranic structures—such as advancement, delay, mention, omission, and the use of definite and indefinite forms—and their alignment with the doctrinal context. The findings conclude that every stylistic phenomenon in the Surah serves a precise purpose that underscores the miraculous nature and uniqueness of the Quranic systems in articulating meaning.

This research, entitled (The Grammarians’ Conditions for the Sentence-Predicate and its Meaning), deals with a precise aspect of the Arabic grammatical structure, represented by the sentence that is the predicate in terms of its conditions and meanings. The research begins by defining the main concepts, such as the predicate, the sentence-predicate, and the condition, to clarify the theoretical basis upon which the study is built. It is clarified that the origin of the predicate is the singular, However, a nominal or verbal sentence can replace it, provided that there is a link connecting it to the subject, such as an apparent or implied pronoun, a fa’, or a demonstrative pronoun, in a way that ensures unity of meaning and correctness of the attributive structure. The research shows that the diversity of the predicate forms between the singular and the verbal and nominal sentences is not merely a stylistic choice Rather, it reflects specific connotations: the verbal sentence suggests movement, renewal, and the continuation of the event, while the nominal sentence expresses stability, solidity, and permanence. The sentence is also used in conditional, imperative, or circumstantial forms to deepen the meaning or highlight cause and effect. The research shows that every shift in the structure of the news serves an intended semantic purpose and links the text to its social context, which allows for a more accurate understanding of the rhetorical and attributive functions of the sentence in Arabic. The research plan: an introduction to defining the terminology, then a presentation of the grammarians’ requirements for a sentence to be a news, then a study of its rhetorical and grammatical meaning, and finally, a conclusion and recommendations.

This study examines the concept of kafa’ah (compatibility) in marriage as presented in the Prophetic Sunnah and its influence in Islamic jurisprudence. The term kafa’ah refers to compatibility between spouses in areas such as religion, character, social status, and financial stability, aiming to achieve harmony and reduce the likelihood of conflict in marital life. The study also explores the views of various Islamic jurisprudential schools regarding the significance of kafa’ah as a condition for marriage. Scholars differ on whether kafa’ah is an obligatory or recommended condition, with some considering it essential for family stability, while others view it as an optional factor aimed at promoting familial balance.

This research aims to highlight various perspectives on the issue of the benefits and ruling of Prophetic Mission (al-Ba‘thah), a subject of extensive debate among theologians (al-Mutakallimun). It seeks to evaluate the validity of Al-Tusi\\\\\\\\'s views on this matter, particularly given their significant influence on Imami Twelver Shia scholars. Furthermore, the study examines the validity of the objections raised by Al-Babarti against Al-Tusi, the extent of his influence by and on these views, and the points where Al-Babarti agreed or disagreed with Maturidi scholars.
In this study, I have adopted an analytical approach. Among the most prominent findings are: that Al-Tusi\\\\\\\\'s discourse on the benefits of the Prophetic Mission in his book Tajrid al-I\\\\\\\\'tiqad contradicts his statements in Talkhis al-Muhassal; that Al-Babarti\\\\\\\\'s objections to Al-Tusi regarding the benefits of the mission are partially valid and partially invalid, whereas his objections regarding the ruling (hukm) of the Prophetic Mission are entirely valid; and finally, that Al-Babarti was influenced by the views of his teacher, Al-Isfahani.\\\\\\\\"

This research explores the educational role of Quranic parables and their impact on shaping human personality and building society, employing deductive and analytical methodologies. The study concludes that using parables is an effective pedagogical tool for transforming abstract concepts into tangible images that resonate with the psyche and guide both individual and collective behavior. The findings emphasize that education through parables is one of the most successful methods of persuasion and change for purifying the soul and consolidating firm moral and social values.

This research is a A message on the virtues of the Day of Arafah, the two Eids, and other occasions. for Sheikh Aldamalliji. I have investigated it, printed and adjusted their text. And corresponding it with the sources from which the author was taken. Then I commented on the text in proportion to the graduation of his Hadiths. Finally, the famous names which mentioned in it are defined, and return texts to their original sources

This research explores artificial intelligence (AI) from various perspectives, beginning with its definition and technical foundations, followed by its applications in different fields of life, and concluding with its impact on ethical and legal values. In the first chapter, the research provides an overview of AI, highlighting its practical applications in areas such as healthcare, education, transportation, and security. It also explores the philosophical and intellectual distinctions between AI and human intelligence. In the second chapter, the research discusses the Islamic legal ruling on the use of AI, both in permissible fields such as medicine, education, and industry, as well as in legal contexts like courts and police. Ethical issues related to AI, such as privacy and human rights, are also addressed. The third chapter examines the stance of Islamic jurisprudence on AI, assessing its impact on Islamic laws related to ethics and transactions, as well as the influence of international legal frameworks on its use in Islamic countries.

In English: This research analyzes the application of legal maxims (Al-Qawa\\'id al-Fiqhiyya) within Palestinian Personal Status Laws in the West Bank and Gaza, examining their alignment with Maqasid al-Sharia. Utilizing descriptive-analytical and comparative methodologies, the study confirms the significant influence of major and subsidiary maxims on marriage, alimony, and child custody provisions. However, it identifies gaps in post-divorce financial rights and legal fragmentation, concluding with a call for legislative reform and the creation of a specialized code of family law maxims.

This research presents an investigative semantic study of the term \\"Dhu\\" within the Quranic text, highlighting the impact of semantic meaning on understanding the text\\'s inimitability and its evolving connotations. By examining exegesis (Tafsir) literature, the study reveals that \\"Dhu\\" transcends its common grammatical functions as \\"owner\\" or \\"relative pronoun\\" to include other semantic dimensions, such as serving as a demonstrative pronoun, a preposition, or indicating temporal and spatial adverbials. The research concludes that this semantic multiplicity reflects the richness of Quranic vocabulary and its capacity to encompass precise meanings that serve both interpretive and miraculous contexts.

The issue of identity and societal transformations constitutes one of the most prominent intellectual and aesthetic challenges faced by the contemporary Iraqi novel. The novelist has found himself confronted with a rapidly changing reality, burdened with political, social, and cultural transformations, which directly influenced the nature and structure of the narrative discourse. This study seeks to explore how identity narratives operate in the Iraqi novel after 2003, considering them as a mirror reflecting the profound changes that struck society, as well as a tool for rethinking the self and the Other, the past and the present, the inside and the outside.
At the outset, the study examines the concept of identity in modern critical studies, whether as an individual and collective construct or as a dynamic narrative entity shaped through texts. It then addresses the relationship between literature and reality, highlighting the impact of political, social, and cultural transformations on contemporary Iraqi literature. The novel, in this context, reflected the features of conflict between binaries such as belonging and alienation, memory and history, the self and the Other. The study further demonstrates that these narratives were not merely documentary records of reality; rather, they constituted aesthetic and intellectual practices that re-produced reality and endowed it with new epistemological dimensions.
In the second section, identity narratives are analyzed through three main axes: narratives of belonging and alienation, which encompass manifestations of psychological and social estrangement and the effects of major transformations; narratives of memory and history, which invoke the past and reinterpret it in dialogue with both individual and collective memory; and narratives of the Other and difference, which foreground representations of the Other and the ensuing conflict as integral components of identity formation. The third section focuses on societal transformations and their reflection in the narrative text, addressing shifts in social structure and issues related to women, youth, and marginalized classes, alongside transformations in political, intellectual, and cultural discourse, including the repercussions of war and violence, critique of authority, and the impact of globalization and modernity in shaping a new consciousness.
The study also discusses the narrative techniques employed by the Iraqi novelist to embody these transformations, such as polyphony and multiplicity of perspectives, temporal techniques including flashback, anticipation, and fragmentation of linear sequence, in addition to intertextuality and symbolism as tools for re-constructing reality.
The study concludes that the contemporary Iraqi novel is no longer merely an artistic form; rather, it has become an open horizon for reshaping both collective and individual consciousness. It has contributed to deepening the understanding of Iraqi identity within changing social and cultural contexts, and provided a space for reflecting on the self, the Other, and history through a critical and aesthetic discourse that transcends documentation toward interpretation.

This research presents a scholarly editing of the manuscript \\"Ghayat al-Bayan fi Tarjamat al-Shaykh Arslan\\" (d. 560 AH) by Ibn Tulun al-Salihi, based on a unique copy and a rigorous methodology for text verification. The work includes a brief study of the author’s life and a biography of Shaykh Arslan al-Ja’bari al-Dimashqi, highlighting his lineage, virtues, and status. The research concludes by producing a verified and documented text with annotations on obscure terms and biographical notes on mentioned figures, serving both heritage and historical studies

In recent decades, the world has witnessed a rapid technological transformation that has profoundly influenced commercial and financial transactions, giving rise to a new form of contract known as the electronic contract. This research presents a comprehensive study of the concept of electronic contracts in Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on their nature, pillars, and legal conditions, along with a comparative analysis of relevant legislation in Iraq and Egypt.
The study discusses the opinions of prominent contemporary scholars such as Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Wahbah al-Zuhayli, Abdullah bin Mani’, and Muhammad al-Siddiq al-Dharir, who affirmed the validity of electronic contracts as long as the essential pillars — offer, acceptance, consent, legal capacity, and lawful subject matter — are fulfilled and free from uncertainty or deception. The research also highlights the resolution of the International Islamic Fiqh Academy, which acknowledges the legitimacy of electronic contracts when their objectives align with the purposes of Sharia.
Legally, the study found that Egypt’s Law No. 15 of 2004 on Electronic Signatures provides a comprehensive framework for regulating such contracts, while Iraq’s Law No. 78 of 2012 still faces implementation challenges.
The research concludes that electronic contracts are valid under both Islamic and civil law, and that Islamic jurisprudence, with its objective-based approach, is fully capable of embracing technological advancements that promote fairness, transparency, and the protection of rights.

This section examined the definition of the soul and its significance in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Linguistically, the soul refers to the life-giving essence of the body, while technically it is a divine, immaterial entity whose nature varies according to scholars like Al-Ghazali, Al-Razi, and Al-Bajuri. Related terms such as \\"self\\" and \\"life\\" were discussed, showing their connection to the soul. The Qur’an and Sunnah associate the soul with life, creation, the divine breath in humans, prophecy, revelation, and occasionally the Greatest Name, while emphasising the human composition of body and soul. The views of the Muʿtazila, Ashʿarites, and Ibn al-Qayyim on the soul were presented, highlighting the Muʿtazila’s materialistic interpretation versus the Ashʿarite and Ibn al-Qayyim’s acknowledgement of the soul as an independent, immaterial, and post-mortem existing entity. The conclusion stresses that understanding the soul requires balancing scriptural evidence with the limits of human reason.

Imam al-Razi distinguished himself with a solid, rigorous method of reasoning in presenting theological (ʿaqidah) issues. His approach relied on rational proof supported by scriptural texts, combining the light of revelation with the clarity of reason. This made his theological methodology a pioneering school in Islamic thought.
Among the Qur’anic verses in which Imam al-Razi prominently demonstrated his theological reasoning is Allah’s statement in Surat al-Nur: “Allah has promised those of you who believe and do righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession in the land…” (Al-Nur: 55). From this verse, Imam al-Razi — may Allah have mercy on him — derived a number of major theological principles, such as affirming God’s attributes of speech, knowledge, power, and life; clarifying His exclusive right to be worshipped; and declaring His transcendence above any partner. He also used the verse to establish the truth of the Prophet’s mission and the legitimacy of the rightly guided caliphs

This study examines the Prophetic Sunnah as embedded in the Qur’an through an analytical approach, aiming to clarify the manifestations of the Sunnah within the Qur’anic text and to highlight the complementary relationship between the Qur’an and the Sunnah as two inseparable sources of revelation and legislation.The research begins with a scholarly grounding of the concept of the Prophetic Sunnah and its legislative authority, followed by an exploration of the various forms in which the Sunnah appears in the Qur’an, whether through explicit textual reference, implicit semantic inclusion, or contextual indication related to Prophetic events and situations.
The study also presents the perspectives of Qur’anic exegetes regarding verses that contain references to the Sunnah, emphasizing the diversity of their interpretive methodologies, particularly in understanding the Sunnah’s role in clarifying general statements, restricting absolute rulings, and specifying general expressions.
Furthermore, the research adopts applied models that compare Qur’anic verses with authentic Prophetic hadiths to demonstrate the textual and semantic harmony between them and to illustrate the Sunnah’s essential role in completing the Qur’anic meaning.
The study concludes that the Prophetic Sunnah is intrinsically present within the Qur’anic discourse, that the Qur’an affirms its authoritative status, and that the unity of revelation and integration of legislation refute claims advocating a separation between the Qur’an and the Sunnah

In the context of research into interpretive ijtihad (jurisprudence) for verses of legal rulings, Imam al-Qurtubi occupies a prominent scholarly position. He is considered one of the most prominent figures who combined interpretation, jurisprudence, and legal principles. His efforts are highlighted in his book \\"Al-Jami\\' li Ahkam al-Qur\\'an,\\" which constitutes a central reference for deriving rulings from Quranic texts.
The importance of this research lies in shedding light on the concept of interpretive ijtihad and its controls, and on how Imam al-Qurtubi addressed jurisprudential disagreements. This contributes to developing tools for understanding rulings in light of contemporary challenges.
The research problem stems from a primary question: What is the nature of interpretive ijtihad according to Imam al-Qurtubi? It then leads to questions about the foundations upon which he built his ijtihad, the limits of interpretation based on legitimate opinion, and his approach to weighing between opinions.
The research relied on the comparative analytical inductive approach, extrapolating concepts related to ijtihad and interpretation, and analyzing the Qurtubi approach in light of the texts of \\"Al-Jami\\' li Ahkam al-Qur\\'an,\\" comparing it with the efforts of other interpreters such as al-Jassas, al-Razi, and Ibn al-Arabi.
The research also includes an applied study of examples of the Imam\\'s ijtihad in the chapters on worship, transactions, and personal status, with the aim of demonstrating the authenticity and effectiveness of his approach.
The research, as a whole, seeks to establish this type of ijtihad, define its tools, and highlight al-Qurtubi\\'s position in the history of jurisprudential interpretation. This opens the way for developing the ijtihad reading of the Qur\\'anic text in contemporary contexts.

This research presents a critical study of the narrations of Musa ibn Ayyub al-Ghafiqi from his uncle Iyas ibn ‘Amir al-Ghafiqi, both early transmitters of Hadith in Egypt. The study aims to collect, trace, and analyze these narrations from the main Hadith compilations, evaluating their chains of transmission and textual integrity while deriving relevant jurisprudential and theological insights. Six narrations were identified, covering topics such as glorification in bowing and prostration, categories of Qur’an reciters, the Prophet’s ﷺ prayer before a woman, prohibitions related to kinship and breastfeeding, the rulings on female slaves, and the prohibition of temporary marriage (mut‘ah). The analysis concludes that Musa ibn Ayyub is a reliable (maqbūl) narrator, and his uncle Iyas ibn ‘Amir is truthful (ṣadūq). All their narrations are considered ḥasan (sound). The study highlights that their familial relationship enhanced the accuracy of transmission rather than compromising it. This work contributes to reevaluating the role of Egyptian followers (tābi‘īn) in preserving the Sunnah and enriches the field of Hadith criticism.

This research aims to study the hadiths narrated by Imam al-Tabarani and classified as weak by Imam al-Suyuti in his book Manahil al-Safa fi Takhrij Ahadith al-Shifa. The study involves extracting these hadiths from their original sources (Takhrij), examining the biographies of their narrators, and analyzing their chains of transmission (Isnad) to determine their status and the reasons behind their rulings according to the methodology of hadith scholars. The study concludes that these hadiths are indeed weak or fragile, consistent with al-Suyuti’s judgments. The results further demonstrate al-Suyuti’s precision in most of his rulings and his reliance on the evaluations of earlier critics, reflecting his balanced critical approach in assessing hadiths.

The topic of change in legal rulings is a fundamental one in Islamic jurisprudence, as it addresses how to apply legal rulings in light of changing circumstances, times, and places while maintaining the stability of legal principles The opinions of jurists have varied regarding the meaning and limits of this change, and when it is permissible to rely on it in jurisprudential applications, which necessitates conducting a comparative study between the schools of jurisprudence to clarify the limits of the change and its effect on applied rulings. One of the legal maxims mentioned in this context is: \"The change of rulings with the change of times is undeniable.\" However, this statement is qualified by the condition that it applies to rulings based on custom and tradition, not to definitive texts established by legal evidence

This study tackles the concept of silence as a communicative tool. It aims at illuminating its functions, types, and the cultural perspectives related to its interpretation in different contexts. It also aims at examining the communicative functions of silence in both English and Arabic cultures and identifying differences and similarities in how silence can be interpreted and used across the two cultures. To do that, the researcher conducted a qualitave analysis of silence in texts extracted from two stories: the first being an English story: Hemingway’s ‘Hills like white elephants’, and the second an Arabic story: Kanafani’s ‘men in the sun’.
The study has concluded that silence in English culture often functions as a tool of avoidance, politeness, or emotional distance, whereas in Arabic culture it usually indicates deeper collective meaning as survival, powerlessness, and suppressed identity. It highlights how silence acquires different pragmatic functions depending on cultural context and shows its importance as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon.

This paper considers Tom Raworth’s You Ruined My Evening / You’ve Ruined My Life (1972) as a paradigmatic work of postmodern poetry, marked by its radical formal fragmentation, jumbled organisation, and ironised resistance to stable meaning. This would lead the critic to observe how Raworth, through the now-familiar yet ever-potent postmodern gesture of jarring continuity, multiplicity/uniquity of grammar and interaction of a word-play that withholds interpretation, comments on the postmodern condition. Through theoretical paradigms of postmodernism and poststructuralism, centering on the works of Jean-François Lyotard, Fredric Jameson and Linda Hutcheon, the study makes visible the cultural and philosophical ramifications of Raworth’s poetic approaches. Objectives of this cohort study include: Investigate how the poem’s form — the disjunctive syntax; the erratic pacing; the typographic experimentation — echoes central postmodernist concern;.Explore how humor, irony, and intertextuality are used in the poem to critique poetic and ideological conventions; Reflect on the political and aesthetic implications of the fragmentation and incoherence of the poem in the context of late capitalist society and media saturation. Among the guiding research questions are: In what ways is Raworth’s poem a paen to the aesthetics of postmodernism in its language and form? How does the poem undermine the conventions of lyric subjectivity and authorial presence? What is the function of irony in reflecting or critiquing cultural and political disillusionment? What happens to meaning in contemporary language use according to the poem, and what does that suggest? Can the poem’s rejection of narrative coherence be read as an act of resistance, and if so, resistance to what? Combing the poem with a comparative, qualitative close-reading methodology, influenced by poststructuralist literary theory and cultural criticism, the study situates the poet’s work within the extended postmodern tradition. This analysis asserts that Raworth’s work manifests Lyotard’s (1984) “incredulity toward metanarratives,” quite apart from its fragmented structure, in its refusal to foreground any singular meaning or voice. The processional (and slightly self-reflexive) poetics here resists interpretive mastery, taking the reader in the direction of destabilized ground that shifts perspective and confounds boundaries between the personal, the political and the poetic

The present research explores the idea of the fragmented self in postmodern English novels and is focused on narratively constructed, deconstructed, and reconstituted identity and memory. In this sense, postmodern fiction rejects a stable and unitary self and instead depicts identity as fluid and in constant shift under the agentive power of language and memory. Theoretically supported by Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, and Lacan, the study examines selected works of Ian McEwan (Atonement), Julian Barnes (The Sense of an Ending), and Jeanette Winterson (Written on the Body). Memory was found to function both creatively and deceptively; it reshapes individual identity when reconstructing the past. These novels enact the central insight of postmodernism-that the self is a textual construct, not a pre-textual fact-through unreliable narration, temporal fragmentation, and metafictional practices. From this, it logically follows that memory, language, and storytelling continuously rewrite identity as an open process of becoming in postmodern fiction.

This research aims to establish a methodological framework for "context" in understanding Prophetic Hadith, using Sahih al-Bukhari’s rulings to address the limitations of literalist interpretations. Employing an inductive-analytical approach, the study identifies five levels of context (linguistic, situational, and maqasid) essential for sound Sharia derivation. It concludes that context is vital for reconciling fixed texts with changing realities and recommends integrating this approach into Sharia education to modernize contemporary jurisprudential reasoning and ijtihad.