Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

This research aims to demonstrate the semantic shifts of verbs when their accompanying prepositions vary, despite the fact that a preposition does not possess an independent meaning in itself. Using one preposition in place of another can distort the intended meaning, as each preposition in the language carries its own distinct significance. The Holy Qur’an utilizes prepositions only according to their specific linguistic functions, employing them solely to express the precise intended meaning. While some prepositions may seem similar in function, leading those with a limited grasp of the language or context to believe their meanings are identical, this study is based on clarifying how the meanings and connotations of verbs in the Holy Qur’an change according to the preposition used.
The methodology of this work involved selecting specific models from the Holy Qur’an, defining the linguistic meaning of the verbs according to lexicographers, and then presenting the interpretations of scholars and experts in Qur’anic sciences regarding how the verb's meaning is determined by the choice of preposition.
The study includes an introduction and a conclusion outlining the most significant findings, as well as two main sections: the first addresses the meanings of the prepositions featured in the research, and the second is dedicated to the linguistic analysis of selected texts from the Holy Book.

Ibn al-Malik al-Rumi (d. 854 AH) is considered one of the most prominent commentators on the Prophetic Hadith. He addressed the explanation of the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) found in Imam al-Baghawi's book, "Masabih al-Sunnah", in his own book, "Sharh Masabih al-Sunnah". This research examines an important aspect of this commentary, namely the morphological aspect. Specifically, it analyzes the verb forms cited by Ibn al-Malik in his book. Ibn al-Malik relied on the opinions of his predecessors and followed them in this regard, although he differed from them in a few instances, taking into account analogy and established usage. The research also clarifies the role of morphological analysis in serving the overall meaning of the Prophetic Hadith by analyzing the verb forms in terms of their origin, pattern, conjugation, and meaning. mi (d. 854 AH) is considered one of the most prominent commentators on the Prophetic Hadith. He addressed the explanation of the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and

Arabic includes important levels through which the language progresses, reaching its peak in expression, clarification, and eloquence. Each of these levels contributes to revealing the meanings of these structures, fully capable of revealing them using its own tools. This can be done through the assistance of other levels. Each level also includes various styles, forms, and images that can be observed by those who carefully examine them. These forms effectively contribute to revealing the meanings of these structures. Linguistic phenomena may also permeate these levels, enabling the words of speech to perform their grammatical functions to the fullest, achieving the intended benefit and realizing the intended meaning of the text. Among these phenomena are grammatical absoluteness and restriction, and the role they play in directing the meanings of these sentences and specifying them according to the requirements of the textual product and the context in which they appear. The study is divided into two sections to examine this concept according to a grammatical perspective with semantic dimensions and purposes in Arabic texts in general and in the Qur'anic text in particular

The narrative text offers a broad space for the writer’s unconscious projections onto the text, as the author expresses what is repressed, suppressed, and unspoken. The language moves within wider spaces of expression, projecting it onto the bleak reality through diverse artistic images shaped by the writer’s ideological vision.
This study examines the technique of the “unspoken” in the novel Al-Hafa (The Edges) by the novelist Mahmoud Jandari. This novel was chosen as the subject of study due to the abundance of examples it contains in this field. The reader of this novel encounters multiple lines of figurative imagery that place them within the space of the event.
Mahmoud Jandari was subjected to imprisonment and restriction because of his writings, as they fall within what is forbidden and taboo. The aim of addressing the “unspoken” is to delve into prohibited areas, foremost among them political, religious, and moral issues. Such taboos are not met with approval or acceptance, but rather with complete rejection.
The study includes an abstract, introduction, and preface in which the concept of the unspoken is presented, followed by two chapters: the first, “The Unspoken in the Title Al-Hafa,” and the second, “Authority and Political Oppression.” The research concludes with a set of findings and is supplemented with the most important academic sources and references

The concept of self is a fundamental cultural element in the structure of literary texts, contributing to the activation of their meanings and the transmission of their symbolic codes to the reader. The self is closely linked to interpretation, which is a vital tool in revealing the hidden meanings of texts, The relationship between the self and interpretation is manifested in being a deep and enriching relationship, leading to the production of explicit and implicit signs that develop the creative dimensions of the text and enhance its symbolic meanings; the self is the nucleus of the word, and the word is the essence of the text, which gives it the ability to shape the existential awareness of the text and address the recipient through coded representations. The text presents a diagnostic portrait of the poetic self, intersecting with its surrounding circumstances and reshaping them poetically through multiple suggestive allusions. The interplay between the heart and departure emerges as expressive tools that mirror a profound personal experience, culminating in a poetic interaction brimming with beauty and meaning.

Orientalist studies have contributed to enrich the literary movement in all fields with divergent perspectives that stem from the researcher's orientation, environment, and reference. Naturally, these studies have served Arab civilization and have influenced countries by holding conferences and seminars that contributed to the development of critical awareness. The German Orientalist Sigrid Hunke studied Islamic civilization to achieve her goal. Europeans viewed the Greek and Roman civilizations as the source of their civilization, denying the merits of Arab civilization due to political and religious reasons. This view, which was prevailed over in the popular imagination, led to the perception that Arabs were ignorant and backward, and to a fear of the dominance of warlike Islam over the West. Hunke corrected these ideas through her writings and research, tracing the origins of Arab civilization and its transmission to the West, without denying the importance of Arab civilization and their merit. Thus, the message of East is a civilizational one that influenced and enriched Europe, and it is an established fact that spread from Andalusia to other countries.

Land cover classification and suitability assessment are modern geographic methods that contribute to understanding the relationship between human activity and environmental and natural factors. This paper aims to classify land cover types in Al-Azim district and to assess their suitability for various uses, such as agriculture, grazing, and settlement, using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. Satellite images are analyzed and processed to accurately define land cover categories and link them to the topographic, climatic, and educational characteristics of the region. The results reveal a clear spatial diversity in land cover, with areas suitable for agriculture found in flat and low-lying areas, while unsuitable areas are concentrated in saline lands or with high slopes. The study also emphasizes the importance of integrating remote sensing data with spatial analysis in supporting decision-making and achieving sustainable management of natural resources in Al-Azim district.

This study aims to analyze and monitor cloud cover in Salah Al-Din Governorate using Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), by utilizing satellite imagery and interpreting relevant spectral indices. An integrated cartographic model was developed to represent high-accuracy cloud cover maps, applying modern cartographic design principles to achieve visual balance and data clarity. The study focused on comparing the effectiveness of square and hexagonal grids in visually representing spatial data. It found that the map model using a square grid with blue color gradients achieved the highest level of visual perception, with an average clarity score of 72.95, due to its balance between element visibility and design effectiveness. However, the results showed that hexagonal grids provided better uniformity in data distribution and higher accuracy in visual perception. Therefore, the study recommends adopting hexagonal grid models in future climate mapping due to their high representational efficiency and visual appeal, which enhance the accuracy of geographic and cartographic analysis and support decision-makers in understanding climate phenomena more precisely.

The Kurdistan Region of Iraq contains diverse metallic and non-metallic mineral resources that represent a key base for industrial development, supplying raw materials and supporting research, exploration, extraction, and manufacturing technologies. However, these resources remain below their investment potential.
This study analyzes the reality of the industrial sector by identifying factors and obstacles that limit mineral resource exploitation and affect the distribution and spatial expansion of industrial facilities. The research includes three topics: theoretical background and study area, major exploited minerals and their industrial uses, and constraints preventing optimal use. Thus, the results show that weak infrastructure, lack of skilled labor, and outdated mining technologies are key barriers. Overcoming these obstacles is necessary to achieve efficient resource exploitation, strengthen industry, and enhance production capacity in the region.

The study targeted a group consists of children with autism in Kirkuk Governorate. A questionnaire form was distributed to identify the causes and effects of autism in society in general and among children in particular, as well as the obstacles faced by these children and their families. The study aims to identify the types of autism, namely mild, moderate and severe autism, and to determine the main causes, whether genetic, environmental or psychological. It also aims to examine the spatial variation in the distribution of autism cases. The descriptive-analytical method was used to describe and analyse the geographical distribution of children with autism in Kirkuk, based on data obtained. The study indicates variation on prevalence rates, showing higher rates among the males compared to the females, as well as higher rates in urban areas compared to rural areas. Furthermore, the study identifies the main demographic, social, and health characteristics of children with autism and their families.

This study aims to analyze the impact of vegetation cover on urban thermal variability in the Kirkuk District Center by employing Landsat-8 satellite data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques for two climatically contrasting years (2019 – wet, 2025 – dry). The findings revealed that vegetation cover played a fundamental role in reducing surface temperatures, recording a low mean of 33.2°C in 2019, compared to the built-up and barren areas which exceeded 39°C. However, the sharp decline in vegetation area from 219.6 km² in 2019 to only 41.6 km² in 2025, alongside the expansion of barren lands to 288.7 km², contributed to raising the weighted mean temperature from 36.4°C to 41.0°C and intensifying the thermal contrasts among land cover types. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, Correlation) confirmed that the relationship between vegetation and land surface temperature is significant, and that the reduction of green cover intensifies the urban heat island phenomenon and amplifies climatic risks for both inhabitants and the environment.

Geographic analysis is the essence of geography to investigate and understand the spatial behavior of geographical phenomena using modern geographic techniques capable of revealing patterns and forms of urban extension, considering that technical progress in the field of informatics was a reason for its application in the field of geographical studies, including urban geography studies, so that geography keeps pace with other applied sciences. The study area was chosen due to its importance as it is one of the million-person cities in Iraq, as its population exceeded one million people, and also one of the historical cities where the city's location witnessed the first seeds of settlement. The current study aims to reveal the form of the city's urban extension using geographic techniques.

The research aims to study urban ruralization in the city of Hawija and explain its causes, results, and ways to address it, as the phenomenon of urban ruralization is a social and urban phenomenon. Rural lifestyles move into cities, leading to Changing urban structure and cities acquiring rural characteristics as a result of rural-to-urban migration. This transition contributes to the emergence of rural behaviours, customs and living patterns within the city, and also affects the efficiency of urban planning by increasing pressure on infrastructure and a decline in the level of basic services such as transportation, health and education, as well as the expansion of unorganized activities within cities, including Animal husbandry and home agriculture, which enhances aspects of rural life and changes The urban character limits its efficiency. The results showed that urban rural areas are linked to a number of factors, the most important are the development gap between the countryside and the city, the weak level of income, and the lack of availability of services in rural areas and limited job opportunities. It attracts urbanites looking for job opportunities and services, while the city is unable to absorb this population increase. This transformation from rural to urban society if it comes as a result of the development of the economic or cultural situation of society, there will be no obstacles, and this is a valid and inevitable phenomenon. However, if they come in a random and chaotic manner, they will confuse the urban system and put pressure on infrastructure and leads to the deterioration of the built environment, that is, it is reflected negatively on all service facilities there, in addition to the spread of poverty, unemployment, and random construction that lacks planning standards. It has also caused changing patterns of social relationships and reducing the level of social integration, and small holdings agricultural conditions and water scarcity have reinforced this phenomenon that many Iraqi cities suffer from.

The present research deals with the educational discourse in the texts of Nazir Al-Azzawi for the puppet theater. The research problem is identified in the following question: What is the educational discourse in the texts of Nazir Al-Azzawi for the puppet theater? The aim of the research is to identify the educational discourse in the texts of Nazir Al-Azzawi for the puppet theater. Its importance lies in the fact that it is useful. The field of the study is limited to Al-Mosel in Iraq. In the theoretical framework, the researcher adresses several topics. The first topic deals with educational discourse. The second topic is studying puppet theater. The research community included the puppet theater texts of Nazir Al-Azzawi, which numbered 23 texts. The number of theatrical texts that were analyzed reached three texts. As for the third topic, the researcher talked about Nazir Al-Azzawi. A tool was prepares for the study and it was presented to a group of experts. It was developed and modified for validity consistency.

The research aims to identify the role of feedback in improving academic performance among students of the College of Education, Tuz Khurmatu. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive approach and prepared two tools: a feedback scale consisting of 10 items and an academic performance scale also consisting of 10 items, both built according to the five-point Likert system. The main sample consisted of 90 male and female students from the College of Education, with 53 morning students and 37 evening students, including 24 males and 66 females. The researcher also used an exploratory sample of 37 male and female students. The two tools were presented to 10 experts in the field to verify their validity and reliability. To analyze the data, the researcher used several statistical methods, including arithmetic means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-test for two independent samples.
The study finds out that feedback contributes significantly to improving academic performance among students of the College of Education.

This study aims to investigate the impact of the flashcard strategy on the academic achievement of students in the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences in the subject of social psychology. The study sample consisted of students from the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences at the College of Education for Humanities, University of Tikrit, during the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher employed the experimental method and a pre-test-post-test control group design. The total number of students in both groups was 105, with 53 students in the experimental group and 52 in the control group. The two groups were equated on the variables of age (in months), intelligence test scores, and previous academic achievement. The researcher developed an achievement test consisting of 35 items, which was validated for reliability and validity. The results indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of improved academic achievement. The researcher made several recommendations and suggestions based on the findings.

The study aims to: identify the measure ing of : academic aspiration at Kirkuk univ ersi ty st udents, and to known the significance of variance according to the humanity changeful . To achieve this aim, the researcher used the descriptive approach.
And the sample represents t he sample of the study consists of (200) student , from the college of education in bachelor stage. Accordingly, the chosen the sample randomly. The study tool was built academic of (40) paragraphs .The researcher has arrived to: The level of academic aspiration at Kirkuk university students is high,. There werent: statistically significant variance at the level of (0.05%) in the level of academic aspiration to humanity variable

This research aims to identify the degree of explanatory depth illusion and the perception of undeservingness among faculty members at Tikrit University. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The sample consisted of (60) leading professors from Tikrit University. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed the following instruments: the Explanatory Depth Illusion Scale and the Perception of Deservingness Scale. Appropriate statistical methods were used for the research objectives. The results of the study indicated the following: The level of explanatory depth illusion among the sample of Tikrit University faculty members, from their own perspective, was (high). The level of perception of undeservingness among the sample of Tikrit University faculty members, from their own perspective, was (high).

The present paper aims to identify the effectiveness of aesthetic leadership among secondary school headteachers from the perspective of teachers and to state statistically the huge differences in aesthetic leadership according to the gender variable (males - females).
The community of the study consists of secondary school teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate, Sharqat District, Al-Sahl Al-Akhdar Subdistrict. The research sample was randomly selected, consisting of 300 male and female teachers from Salah al-Din Education Directorate for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the study aims, the researcher constructs an aesthetic leadership scale, and the validity of the two scales was verified using content validity, apparent validity, logical validity, and construct validity. The discriminating power of the scale items was then calculated, with a test-retest reliability of 0.84 and a Cronbach's alpha equation of 0.85. The data were statistically processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study results show an average degree of aesthetic leadership among secondary school headteachers. There are statistically big differences between the average scores of sample members on the aesthetic leadership scale according to the gender variable, in favor of females. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of sample members on the aesthetic leadership scale according to the scientific or humanities specialization variable.

The research aims to identify the effect of the Random Stimulation Strategy on the acquisition of biological concepts and the development of visual intelligence among fourth-grade science students. The study compared an experimental group taught according to the strategy with a control group taught using the traditional method,The research sample consisted of 73 students (37 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group). The researcher prepared two instruments: a biological concepts acquisition test (45 items) and a visual intelligence test (20 items). After verifying the validity and reliability of the instruments and conducting the experiment, statistical analyses were carried out using the t-test to compare the results of the two groups. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the Random Stimulation Strategy in enhancing students’ acquisition of biological concepts and developing their visual intelligence through the diversification of stimuli and the stimulation of thinking and attention.

This research aims to study the relationship between scientific literacy and academic achievement among middle school students in Tikrit during the 2025–2026 academic year. It also seeks to identify the level of both scientific literacy and academic achievement among these students and to uncover any differences in these levels based on gender and grade level. To achieve these objectives, the researcher employed a descriptive correlational approach. A questionnaire consisting of 30 items, distributed across the dimensions of scientific literacy (cognitive, psychomotor, and affective), was developed and administered to a random sample of 300 students (150 males and 150 females). Academic achievement data was collected from school records in the core science subjects (physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics).
The results showed that middle school students have a good level of scientific literacy and a high level of academic achievement. In light of the results, the research recommended the need to integrate applied activities into the curriculum, train teachers on modern teaching strategies, and provide a stimulating educational environment that contributes to the development .