Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

The recall of memory is not arbitrary, but a conscious destination resorted to the poet for the interpretation of emotional stocks or introspection of the experience of humanity lived in the time of alienation, and remained present in his hair to form an innovative format to restore psychological balance, and recorded visual memory a significant presence in the study, The most dominant senses in the whole human life, such as the reflection of the colors of wilt and fall through the coupling color and movement, the audio image came in the second place, reflected the same poet fleeing from the bustle of reality to the quiet of memory, to prove the existence of the poet, The company of the act more than one name in line with the motion, sound, or the revolution and anger.

Reading the structures of the term rhythm of in the letters of Al-Me,ary (Al-IKhwaniyah) indicates that they had been founded on different techniques; the most distinguished and the most effective are: rhyme, paronomasia and repetition. Each of professionally; he used rhyme with paronomasia and alternated them to cooperate with each other to create a rhythm that imitate his emotion. Rhyme does not mean only the similarity of the last letter, it may include three letters. He also used repetition: derivative and literal, as a means to obtain the text coherence and cohesion.

In this research, I dealt with the poetic reference in selected models from the book The Army of Tawsheeh. The scarf poets were exposed to employing the Levantine heritage as well as the Andalusian in their muwashshahs, and this employment was either by mentioning the poetic verse, or the meaning of the verse, or employing some words. About him is the record of the Arabs, in which they prove all the incidents they go through. Whoever wants to learn about the Arab heritage and culture of the Arabs must refer to this record because it is the broadest of the creative and artistic fields belonging to the past and preserves its origins to which it belongs. the exploits of the past and makes them present in his productions; The matter did not stop with them employing ideas and meanings, but it is noted that they employed oriental phenomena such as standing on the hills, mentioning the journey, and oriental love stories, and in this research all these matters will be identified.

The oil policy in Iraq varied in the years 1952-1963 in terms of impact
and results. Oil revenues had previously had a slight impact in supporting government curricula until the profit-sharing agreement was signed in 1952, but they remained linked to the oil companies that owned the concession (I.P.C.) and their policy that sought to mortgage the Iraqi decision by determining production, reducing prices, and not expanding the investment of the remaining concession lands. With the formation of the republican system, the Iraqi governments sought to adopt an oil policy aimed at expanding national oil investment, by canceling the concession of lands that were not invested by monopolistic companies, and establishing the National Oil Company, but this approach met with clear opposition from those companies. After 1958, the Iraqi government sought to adopt an economic policy based on organized planning, to achieve the greatest possible degree of economic and social development and to complete a number of projects, infrastructure, expand education, provide health services, and raise the standard of living of citizens, by adopting national investment in oil to obtain additional revenues. This was clearly evident in Investing in the northern and southern Rumaila fields, in addition to concluding a group of agreements that sought cooperation and investment with various countries and oil companies to promote national oil investment.

After the defeat and capture of Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan on September 2, 1870, the Third French Republic was declared on September 4, 1870. A provisional government was formed, headed by Jules Trochu, to manage the crisis. German forces succeeded in imposing a siege on Paris starting from September 19, 1870. After leaving Paris, the Minister of the Interior, Léon Gambetta, attempted unsuccessfully to break the siege of the city. The siege ended with the signing of an armistice on January 28, 1871, followed by preliminary peace negotiations in Versailles. The war officially concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Frankfurt on May 10, 1871, according to which France ceded Alsace and Lorraine, in addition to paying war reparations to Germany .

This research examines the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) as one of the major peace treaties that reshaped the political map of Europe following the First World War, particularly regarding the fate of Austria after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The study aims to analyze the negotiations conducted between Austria and the Allied powers during the Paris Peace Conference and to explore international positions regarding the future of the Austrian state. It also discusses the domestic reactions within Austria, especially the stance of the Austrian press toward the treaty’s provisions. Furthermore, the research addresses the signing of the treaty and its political, economic, and military consequences, including the territorial reduction of Austria, the loss of several important regions, the imposition of military restrictions and reparations, and the prohibition of union with Germany. The study concludes that although the Treaty of Saint-Germain contributed to the formation of the new Austrian Republic, it imposed severe obligations that left the state facing profound economic and political challenges in the post-war period.

The research deals with the study of the life of the French orientalist Sabrina Leon Mervin and sheds light on her scientific and intellectual upbringing, as well as shows the most important scientific positions that Sabrina Mervin specialized in the study of contemporary Islam and Twelver Shiites, which made her one of the influential French elites within the French scientific institutions because of her scientific proposals in research topics that were the attention of researchers and scholars in dysfunctional historical eras.

The period of the Reconquista witnessed a deterioration in the religious situation of Al-Andalus. The Andalusian city-states experienced division among their scholars; some supported the Taifa kings, while others opposed them. Nevertheless, they agreed on the necessity of unifying the country and confronting the Christian invasion. Additionally, the scholars played a significant role in guiding the Taifa rulers and preserving sectarian unity in the face of external challenges, which contributed to strengthening the Islamic resistance in Al-Andalus

This study refers to food security strategies and analyzes the challenges facing
Iraq and the sovereignty of the state from a geographical and political
perspective. It aims to know the requirements of food security and their impact
on the sovereignty of the state to achieve self-sufficiency and find appropriate
solutions for them. The research includes three chapters: the first chapter is the
theoretical guide. The second chapter is the requirements for achieving food
security in the study area, and the third chapter is the future expectations for the
agricultural sector and its prospects. The research concluded that Iraq suffers
from many problems and challenges that hinder the country from reaching the
stage of self-sufficiency and its dependence on foreign countries to meet the
needs of the population. There are solutions that help To limit and reduce them
to advance advance developed countries.

Tourist service centers work to attract and attract tourists through a wide range of services, information, and technologies to facilitate the tourist experience process, which are available in areas that attract tourists, such as transportation service centers, specialized service centers, and administrative service centers. The presence of such centers helps to develop and develop tourism through relationships, whether Inside or outside the country, as well as enhancing the tourists’ experience in visiting places while providing services that meet their needs during their tourist stay.

The aim of the research was to reveal the economic characteristics of urban women in Al-Mahawil District for the year 2024 AD. The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted to describe these characteristics, represented by (housing ownership, income, and economic activity). The research relied on a field study to obtain accurate data by distributing a questionnaire to a random sample of urban women in Al-Mahawil District, amounting to (475) questionnaires. The questionnaire included
paragraphs related to women's economic characteristics, and a set of maps and figures were prepared to support the research results. The research reached a set of conclusions represented by the presence of spatial variation in the characteristics of urban women at the district level and its administrative units, with a high percentage of urban women living in owned homes at a rate of (78%) at the district level. The research also found that more than half of the families in the study area represent middle-income families at a rate of (60%). Among the research findings was that the percentage of urban women's contribution to economic activity amounted to (53.9%) of the total research sample of (475) women, and their activity was concentrated in the services sector at a rate of (79.3%). The research included A number of proposals related to urban women and the need to empower them economically.

This research examines the weather effects of pressure systems based on daily readings of temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity at 1:00 PM for the climatic season from September 2022 to August 2023. The pressure systems were tracked at the study station, Al-Kut, at the 1000 millibar level through analysis of daytime weather maps (12:00 GMT) over the study station. The results showed a decrease in the number of days of influence of the Mediterranean Low, the Subtropical High, and the European High, while the number of days of influence of the Indian monsoon and Sudanese lows increased. This has a significant impact on rising temperatures, decreasing humidity levels, all types of precipitation, drought, and rising atmospheric pressure values.

This study aims to evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of drinking water characteristics in projects, water complexes, and a number of residential neighborhoods, then evaluate the water characteristics based on international and local standards to determine its suitability for drinking and residential use. The physical characteristics were analyzed, which were (turbidity, electrical conductivity, and Dissolved salts, chemical properties represented by pH, positive ions represented by sodium ion Na+1, calcium ion Ca+2, magnesium ion Mg+2 and potassium ion (K+1) and negative anions represented by sulphate ion (SO4), the chloride ion Cl-1, the bicarbonate ion HCO3-1, and the carbonate CO3The research reached a set of results from laboratory analyzes that the concentrations of pollutants vary temporally from one season to another and spatially from one site to another, and that a number of sites have exceeded the permissible limits for most uses for one or two seasons. The chemical properties, especially laboratory analyzes of negative anions in drinking water in the center of the district, have proven Al-Musayyab, which is represented by (sulphates SO4_2, chlorides Cl_1, bicarbonates HCO3_1) as not conforming to the permissible limits according to international and local standards.

The study aims to investigate climate conditions and their impact on wheat cultivation in the provinces of Babil and Dhi Qar, identifying suitable, intermediate, and unsuitable areas for wheat cultivation. The study demonstrates the impact of climatic characteristics in the study area, establishing a relationship between the climatic requirements for wheat cultivation and the suitability of these climatic characteristics. It also identifies the climatic suitability of wheat cultivation in the study area. The study clarifies the climatic requirements for wheat cultivation, including light requirements, temperatures (minimum, maximum, and optimum), winds, relative humidity, rainfall, and evaporation. The corresponding available climatic characteristics in the study area were also identified. The results demonstrated the impact of climate on wheat cultivation by assessing the suitability of theoretical and actual sunshine hours, temperatures, winds, and relative humidity for wheat cultivation in the study area. Modern technologies, including remote sensing and geographic information systems, contributed to revealing spatial and temporal variations in wheat cultivation in the study area between 1990 and 2021.

The research aims to study the factors of the endemicity of the wood and furniture industry in the province of Babel, and thus the research included natural factors represented by (location and location, climate and includes temperature - rain and relative humidity - wind) which are considered to be one of the most influencing factors on the establishment of that industry, and the site is considered to be The factors that helped localize the industry, especially since the location of a governorate in central Iraq made it easy to communicate with other provinces of the country, As for the human factors, they were represented in (raw material - capital - labor - market - transportation and transportation costs), where the workforce (technical expertise) had a prominent role in the localization of the wood and furniture industry in Babil Governorate, because these The industry needs workforce of all kinds, whether it is skilled or unskilled labor and because of the high population in the governorate has helped to provide manpower, as well as the market directly affected the wood and furniture industry in the study area, as transportation has a major role in the endeavor of the wood industry Furniture in Babil Governorate; To provide rapid transport methods that helped link the governorates with each other, as it became easy to transport products industry.

The current research aims to identify the level of scientific productivity among university faculty members and its variation according to the variables of specialization (scientific – humanistic) and gender (males – females). The research was limited to male and female faculty members at the University of Kufa for the academic year 2024–2025 in both scientific and humanistic specializations. A main sample of 700 faculty members was selected using the stratified random sampling method in a proportional manner. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a scientific productivity scale that included three domains: scientific publishing, community service, and other scientific activities. The preliminary version of the scale consisted of 23 items, and its face validity and all relevant psychometric properties were verified. The results revealed that faculty members have a high level of scientific productivity, with statistically significant differences in scientific productivity in favor of males, while no significant differences were found based on the specialization variable. Based on the findings, the researcher presented several conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions

This study aims to investigate the cognitive competence of middle school teachers. The research addressed the concept of cognitive competence, its importance, and its components, and reviewed a number of previous studies that addressed the topic. The results showed positive results for cognitive competence among middle school teachers, confirming that developing cognitive competence contributes to raising the quality of teaching and educational outcomes. The researcher recommended the need to design training programs that focus on developing cognitive competence among teachers.

1- Emotional exhaustion among university students 2- The significance of the difference in the emotional exhaustion scale according to the variable of specialization (scientific, humanities) and the variable of gender (male, female).To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive correlational approach between existential loyalty and its relationship to emotional exhaustion among university students. The research community consists of students from the University of Kufa for the morning study of 2024/2025, and the research community reached The research community was 19983 male and female students specializing in humanities and science. The researcher selected a stratified random sample with proportional distribution. The statistical sample amounted to 400 male and female students. To achieve the research objectives, the emotional exhaustion scale of Maslach and Jackson (1981) was adopted, and after it was translated After it was translated and the translation was verified to be accurate, it consisted of 20 paragraphs. After it was presented to the arbitrators and statistical processing was carried out, it became composed of 18 paragraphs. After applying the standards to the final sample, which amounted to 380 male and female students, and collecting the data and processing it statistically, the researcher reached a set of results. 1- The presence of emotional exhaustion among students confirms that the current university environment is psychologically and emotionally stressful. 2- The presence of differences in emotional exhaustion based on major, not gender, indicates that humanities majors may require deeper emotional interactions.

The current study aims to identify academic adjustment among middle school students, the relationship between guided learning and academic adjustment based on gender (male or female), the relationship between guided learning and academic adjustment based on specialization (scientific or literary), and the differences in the relationship between education and academic adjustment among middle school students. The research was limited to middle school students in government daytime schools in Najaf Governorate for the 2024-2025 academic year, according to the gender variable (males or females) and the scientific or literary specialization. The research sample consisted of 400 male and female students. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a single tool, the 30-item Academic Adaptation Scale, in its final form after ensuring validity, reliability, and discriminatory power. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the sample was selected randomly. The current research reached the following results: middle school students generally do not enjoy academic adaptation in all areas, according to the gender variable (males or females), and there were no statistically significant differences in academic adaptation according to the specialization variable (scientific or literary). Based on these results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations, conclusions, and recommendations. Keywords: Academic Adaptation, Middle School Students

The aim of this research is to identify thinking styles and their relationship to chemistry problem-solving skills among middle school students, as well as to determine the strength and relationship between the two research variables. The researchers adopted a descriptive correlational approach. The research sample consisted of 400 male and female students from schools in the Second and Third Rusafa Education Directorates during the 2021-2022 academic year, selected randomly. The research instrument was a thinking styles scale consisting of 60 items and a chemistry problem-solving skills test consisting of 20 items. The psychometric properties of the instruments, including validity and reliability, were verified. Using statistical methods, the results showed that the concrete sequential thinking style and the abstract sequential thinking style were the preferred styles among fourth-year middle school students. Regarding the six chemistry problem-solving skills, the skill of identifying missing data necessary for the solution emerged as the most frequently used skill, while the skill of identifying the relationship used in the solution was the least used. The results also revealed statistically significant differences between males and females in both thinking styles and chemical problem-solving skills. Finally, the study demonstrated variations in the strength and direction of the correlation, as well as varying effects of the independent variable (thinking styles) on the dependent variable (chemical problem-solving skills).

In recent years, Yemen has witnessed multiple and successive crises and events. These crises and events have caused regional and international interventions, especially in light of its distinctive and influential geographical strategic location, which overlooks the Bab al-Mandab Strait, which in turn controls the entrance to the Red Sea, as well as its proximity to the Arabian Gulf region. rich in oil.
Some regional and international parties have sought to try to exploit Yemen’s weaknesses to achieve their own political and economic interests, as most Arab and non-Arab countries are interfering according to what their own interests dictate first and foremost in this important region with a distinctive strategic location in which countries see a threat to their interests, and this What made Yemen a focus of attention by Arab and non-Arab regional countries and also major countries that have interests in Yemen and interfere in it to serve these interests, each according to the way that suits him, the events that Yemen went through made most of its neighboring countries and regional and non-regional countries exploit These events penetrated into Yemen.
And that most of these countries, despite benefiting from the war on Yemen, have provided great losses, some of which have been announced and others not announced yet. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been subjected to many attacks from the Ansar Allah movement, which made it suffer great losses that led to the suspension of production and a decline in the economy in Some of its vital sites such as Aramco and others.
The desire of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to highlight its regional power and control in the region made it lead the war on Yemen, as it represents the largest power in terms of politics and economy, as well as geographical proximity with Yemen and its fear of the impact of Yemeni events on it and its reflection on it by asking its people to change the ruling authority.
In addition to the emergence of the Iranian side in supporting the Ansar Allah movement and the logistical support it provides to them in terms of weapons and equipment, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is incapable of this support and its quest to stop the extension of Iranian influence in Yemen and the region, because it is also trying to have a regional power in this region.

This paper discusses the critical stylistic tools for two novels, The American Granddaughter(2008), and The Yellow Birds(2012). This study based on Jeffries' Model(2010) in analyzing texts, she adopted this model using ten tools to criticize texts in a stylistic way. It aims to identifying the critical stylistic tools that help the writers pass their ideology . Figuring out the critical stylistic tools in the novels, and the most frequent one. To examine how stylistic choices create meaning and affect interpretation. The previous studies are specified with one subject, such as, "communication through letters", "racism", and "extremism" that are analyzed in critical stylistic tools; but the current study is not limited or specified with single matter but deals with the whole in a critical stylistic study. In analyzing using Jeffries's model of analysis texts. According to these tools, that are used in analyzing the novels. The research has three hypothesis, the selected data embody some ideologies. All ten critical stylistics tools are available to the selected novels. Revealing an ideology demands some tools , so the writers use some critical stylistic tools in their writings like naming, describing, presenting and others. From each novel, the researcher selected ten extracts analyzed qualitatively. The researcher focuses on naming and describing tool, representing time, space, and society ,and representation tool of actions, events, and states, and the last tool that used is equating and contrasting.