Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

This study attempts to explore the psychological aspects that had a prominent impact on motivating the poet Al-Sharif al Taliq to create poetry and contributed to the maturation of his poetic experience. The poet depicted many aspects of his life, especially his prolonged imprisonment, which consumed a considerable portion of his life and had psychological repercussions that affected his life, particularly his poetic journey. Therefore, this study sheds light on important aspects and psychological motives that contributed to enriching the poet's poetic experience, including love, separation, old age, time, and place. The most important sources relied upon in this study are: Al-Hulla Al-Sira' by Ibn Al-Abbar; Kitab Al-Tashbihat min Ash'ar Ahl Al-Andalus by Sheikh Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Al-Kattani; and Al-Bawa'ith Al-Nafsiyya fi Shi'r Al-Hudhaliyyin by Hiba Khalid Qaddouri Al-Ani

This study examines the concepts of hardship (ʿusr) and ease (yusr) in terms of their linguistic and terminological dimensions, seeking to deepen their understanding within Arabic usage and to uncover the subtle distinctions in their meanings across language and discourse. It also traces their presence in religious and literary texts, which present them as two inseparable and complementary states in the course of human life, operating within a dynamic system governed by alternation and transformation. The study focuses on analyzing the nature of the relationship between hardship and ease, demonstrating that hardship does not occur in isolation but is typically accompanied by or followed by ease, within universal patterns that reflect a profound balance in life. Furthermore, the study explores the manifestations of these two concepts in human experience by identifying the psychological and behavioral effects of hardship, such as fostering patience, strengthening willpower, and enhancing resilience and the capacity to confront challenges. In contrast, ease contributes to psychological tranquility, a sense of comfort and stability, and the renewal of human energy. The study goes beyond mere description to highlight the educational and humanistic dimensions of this duality, showing how awareness of this relationship deepens one’s understanding of life and its fluctuations, and equips individuals with greater adaptability without excess or deficiency. It concludes that comprehending the dialectical relationship between hardship and ease leads to a more mature and realistic worldview, grounded in the recognition that adversity is not an end in itself but a transitional phase that often leads to relief, thereby reinforcing hope, strengthening determination, and encouraging perseverance with balance and steadiness.

Irrigated agriculture plays an important role in meeting and achieving global food security, and irrigation is an important factor in agricultural production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, agriculture is the largest consumer of water globally, with groundwater providing an estimated 40% of global irrigation. Irrigated agriculture in the Tafrata plain in northeastern Morocco is the largest consumer of water, which could negatively affect the sustainability of agricultural activity in the future.
This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the development of irri-gated agricultural areas and their impact on groundwater resources, thereby contributing to the rational planning of irrigation water and promoting the sustainability of agricultural activity in the medium and long term. The results of the study show that since the late 20th century, the study area has witnessed a significant expansion of irrigated agriculture, accompanied by notable changes in the agricultural land-scape, as the plain has been transformed from a semi-arid area to a productive agricultural area. However, the intensive exploitation of groundwater poses a threat to the sustainability of agricultural re-sources. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers to enhance the sustainability of irrigation, improve water resource management, and increase agricultural productivity to achieve development and preserve natural resources.

Iraq is among the regions most vulnerable to climate change impacts in Southwest Asia due to its location within the arid and semi-arid zone and its heavy reliance on rainfall as a primary water resource. Increasing environmental pressures and ineffective water management have intensified the occurrence of extreme climatic events such as droughts, heat waves, and intense rainfall episodes. This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of extreme climatic phenomena in Iraq using three internationally recognized climate indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-12), the Warm Days Index (TX90p), and the Maximum One-Day Precipitation Index (RX1day). The analysis is based on climatic data for the period 1982–2024 from three meteorological stations representing different climatic regions: Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra. The results indicate a significant upward trend in warm days across all stations, while drought and extreme precipitation patterns show spatial variability. These findings highlight the increasing intensity of climate extremes in Iraq and emphasize the need for effective climate adaptation strategies, environmental planning, and sustainable climate resource management.

The present paper aims to identify interactive platforms based on geographic artificial intelligence (GeoAI) and their role in supporting smart governance of smart digital services in Baghdad. It analyzes a range of GeoAI-based digital platforms, such as smart mapping platforms, intelligent transportation systems, urban planning platforms, and traffic and passport services. This paper also examines models for predicting urban expansion and service demand, along with estimating the approximate costs of implementing several of these projects within the Iraqi context. The paper employs two methodologies: quantitative and qualitative. To support the findings, the research utilized field interviews, spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing techniques, big data, and statistical analysis tools. The results show that integrating geographic artificial intelligence with digital platforms directly contributes to improving decision-making efficiency, enhancing the ability to predict population needs in a spatiotemporal manner, analyzing service gaps, and supporting sustainable urban planning. The results also demonstrate the pivotal role of smart platforms in transitioning from traditional systems to proactive, interactive systems based on big data and real-time analysis.

This practice represents an interactive co-evaluation activity among students, involving such elements as motivation, cooperation and collaborative work. It promotes meaningful learning experiences in a competitive environment. The goal of this activity is to examine topics which are explored during the semester through games that are created by students, as well as to promote holistic development and diversity through the investigation of a wide range of global cultures. Further, the activity seeks to enhance the internationalization of the pedagogic model that guides our collective educational philosophy. An empirical method of research is adopted in the current study which is based on observing students during an activity. Since the activity enhances students’ creativity for a better contextualization of the country to be presented. It replaces the traditional way of testing (the written tests) and gives the students the opportunity to see the level of the acquired learning in an interactive and fun context

Economic and social factors are the primary drivers behind the reliance on solar energy to provide electricity for homes, government buildings, and the agricultural and industrial sectors. This economic growth is a result of the security and economic stability the country has experienced in recent years. This stability has led to increased awareness of using solar energy as an alternative to generators to address the shortfall left by the national power grid. Furthermore, there is growing social awareness regarding its proper use and maintenance, gained from the experiences of countries that rely on renewable energy and reduce energy costs in the long term. This awareness also stems from understanding the prices of solar energy in its original source and how it is transported and installed. Field research in Al-Zab district revealed that reliance on private generators decreased by half by 2025, reaching 5323 amps, compared to 10280 amps in 2024. This represents a 52% decrease in generator subscriptions due to the community's shift towards solar energy, drawn by its efficiency and convenience. This has increased demand for solar energy throughout the country, particularly in the Hawija district and its surrounding areas. Community awareness and acceptance, along with individuals' desire for change and a desire to reduce reliance on generators, minimize visual and noise pollution, and absorb skilled labor, particularly in panel installation, connection, and maintenance, through contracts with solar energy companies and small groups of seven to ten people, have all contributed to the increased use of solar energy in the area.

This study examines the geographical variation in maize production in Al-Hawija District through a detailed analysis of the distribution of cultivated areas and production quantities across different administrative units, while highlighting the most significant natural and human factors influencing this variation. The results revealed clear spatial differences attributed to variations in soil characteristics and levels of water resource availability, as well as differences in agricultural experience and the technologies used. The study also showed that the rural area of the district center represents the core of agricultural production, while the remaining sub-districts vary according to their environmental and human potentials. The findings confirmed that adopting hybrid varieties that are more tolerant to environmental conditions contributes to achieving higher productivity per dunum and enhances the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. The vital role of agricultural offices in supporting production was also evident through the provision of improved seeds, extension services, and easier access to modern agricultural inputs. Finally, production changes during the period 2018–2024 reflected variations in agricultural development levels, which calls for the adoption of effective policies to enhance production, reduce spatial disparities, and achieve sustainability that supports food security.

Countries care about food security and sustainability in order to create a safe and stable environment for the population to enjoy. One of the phenomena that is spreading in the Iraqi society in general and the society of the study area in particular is food waste and extravagance, which affects human development and food sustainability. The amounts of food waste, which constitute most of the population's food staples for three main items: bread, rice and vegetables, reached (695.4) tons annually in 2023.
These are large quantities from which we can conclude that the average waste 78 kg/family and for the general population the average will be 14.4 kg/person. This requires spreading religious and cultural awareness to avoid wasting thousands of tons at the governorate level and may be millions of tons at the level of Iraq, especially since the limits of this research were represented by a small spatial unit, which is the city of Hawija, whose population represents only (2.7%) of the total population of Kirkuk Governorate.

The study focuses on the economic impacts of Turkey’s projects in the Caucasus and the associated challenges.Development projects such as the Silk Road, the Zangazur corridor, and TIKA initiatives serve as tools to enhance Turkey’s influence in the region.These projects have contributed to infrastructure development, energy transport, and trade between Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.Turkish military expenditure has strengthened political and military influence in the Caucasus, but it has also imposed a burden on the domestic economy.Oil and gas pipelines play a crucial role in consolidating Turkey’s position as a regional energy hub.Turkish economic projects support regional stability and reduce dependence on Russia and Iran for energy and transportation. The continued exclusion of Armenia from economic projects heightens tensions and threatens regional security.Turkey’s economic activities enhance cultural and political influence in the Caucasus, transforming relations into a multidimensional strategic partnership. Logistics development and trade corridors strengthen economic integration between Turkey and the beneficiary countries.The study concludes that comprehensive policies including all Caucasus countries are necessary to sustain Turkey’s influence and prevent future conflicts.

This study examines social behaviors associated with religious occasions in al-Andalus during the Caliphate period, focusing on Islamic festivals, Ramadan, and other religious seasons. It highlights how these occasions functioned as arenas of social cohesion, where values of solidarity and compassion were expressed through charity, public feasts, and collective participation in rituals. The paper also analyzes the role of religious institutions, scholars, and political authority in organizing and regulating these events, reflecting the interaction between religion and everyday life. The findings suggest that religious occasions were not merely devotional practices but effective mechanisms for constructing collective identity and reinforcing social stability within Andalusian society. Through these practices, a distinctive set of religious and civilizational values emerged, contributing to the cultural cohesion and continuity that characterized the Caliphate era in al-Andalus.

The visual organization of the sources of movement in television drama in general, and police drama in particular, is considered one of the most important techniques employed by the director in constructing his directorial treatments. This prompted the researcher to define the title of his research as The Visual Organization of Movement Structure in Police Drama. The researcher relied on a theoretical groundwork as follows: Chapter One: the methodological framework, in which the researcher addressed the research problem, which came through the following question: How is the visual organization of movement structure achieved in police drama? Then, the researcher addressed the significance of the research, its objective, its limits, and the definition of terms. As for Chapter Two, the theoretical framework and previous studies, the researcher divided it into two sections: the first section: the construction of movement in the visual image; and the second section: visual organization in the police series. The researcher then reached the indicators of the theoretical framework, which he adopted in analyzing the research sample, which was the series Shylock, in Chapter Three. The researcher reached a number of results, including: the movement of the characters toward and away from the camera contributed to achieving visual diversity through the change of shot sizes and angles, which helped express the psychological state and dramatic tension of the characters. The researcher then recorded the conclusions and concluded the research with a list of the sources and references upon which he relied.

The aim of the current research is to identify identity disorder and its relationship to cognitive failure among preparatory school students. The research sample included 400 male and female students from the preparatory stage in the preparatory and secondary schools of the Salah al-Din Education Directorate, Tikrit Education Department. The researcher prepared two instruments: a scale for identity disorder, which in its final form included 32 items with three alternatives, and a scale for cognitive failure, which in its final form included 25 items with three alternatives. After confirming the validity of the two instruments, the discrimination of their items, and their reliability, the research results showed that the level of preparatory school students in the identity disorder scale is low or weak, and that the level of preparatory school students in the cognitive failure scale is low or weak, and that there is a positive correlation between identity disorder and cognitive failure. In light of these results, the researcher put forward a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

This research aims to identify the effectiveness of Gibbs Model in acquiring Islamic concepts among fifth-grade scientific students and developing their predictive thinking. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a quasi-experimental approach with partial control. The research sample consisted of 70 students in Al-Alam district affiliated with Salah al-Din Education Directorate. The experimental group consisted of 36 students who studied according to Gibbs model steps, while the control group consisted of 34 students who studied using the traditional method.
The researcher prepared two tools: the first was a test for acquiring Islamic concepts consisting of 42 multiple-choice items, and the second was a predictive thinking test consisting of 32 items with five alternatives. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in both the Islamic concepts acquisition test and the predictive thinking test.

This study explores how psychological trauma resulting from terrorist incidents affects students’ motivation to learn and their academic progress in Yathrib subdistrict, Salah Al-Din Governorate, an area that endured severe violence during the occupation by extremist groups. While physical reconstruction has advanced, the invisible wounds carried by student survivors remain largely overlooked. The research reveals that many students continue to bear deep emotional scars that quietly undermine their learning. Rather than simple disinterest or laziness, their reduced classroom engagement and declining performance often reflect an inner struggle: difficulty concentrating, emotional exhaustion, loss of hope, and a fading sense of purpose in education. In essence, trauma does not just affect how well students learn it threatens why they learn at all. Notably, the study found meaningful differences between boys and girls: boys tended to carry heavier trauma burdens, while girls showed greater psychological resilience, maintaining higher motivation and academic engagement. This suggests that gender plays a crucial role in how young people cope with collective violence a finding with direct implications for support strategies. Crucially, the research confirms that education can be more than an academic process in post-conflict settings it can become a space for healing. When schools offer emotional safety, empathetic teaching, and meaningful connections, they help rebuild students’ sense of autonomy, competence, and belonging: the very foundations of motivation and recovery. Based on these insights, the study calls for integrating psychosocial support into everyday schooling not as an add-on, but as a core part of education in trauma-affected communities. This includes training teachers to recognize trauma responses, creating supportive classroom environments, and designing interventions that respect cultural and gender-specific needs. Ultimately, healing students’ minds is not a luxury, it is essential to rebuilding not just individuals, but entire communities.

It is crucial to collect perceptions of learners after every new experiment where authentic materials, such as TED Talks, have been integrated for educational operationalization in ELF classrooms. Thus, this study investigates Kurdish-speaking university ELF learners’ perceptions of how useful the TED Talks videos have been for their listening and speaking skills. A close-ended questionnaire has been used as part of a descriptive quantitative methodology to collect the opinions of 42 Kurd university learners post
intervention period. The instrument demonstrated a very high reliability score (Cronbach's α = 0.92) after adaptation and piloting. The results revealed overwhelming positive perceptions for all the variables with a collective mean score of 4.45 and a low standard deviation score of 0.38. These findings were proven significant and unanimously consistent through a one-sample t-test (t = 24.469, p = 0.000). These outcomes indicate that EFL Learners hold highly positive opinions of TED Talks as useful pedagogical resources for developing their listening and speaking skills.

The student-centered approach, one of the basic components and features of Bologna Process, has been the topic of debate for more than four decades. Nonetheless, its application is still constrained by many advocates of teacher-centered approaches. This study utilizes a quantitative research methodology based on two data collection tools to investigate the extent to which teachers and students’ perceptions of teachers' use of student-centered strategies inside classroom. Two questionnaires have been constructed to seek this quest. The results of the data gleaned by means of both questionnaires are not compatible. Although teachers advocate the full application of all student-centred strategies, students disagree and indicate the absence certain student-centred approach strategies. All in all, the overall findings reveal that teachers are not entirely committed to the application of the student-centred strategies, particularly those aiming at promoting students’ autonomy and self -regulation, developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and creating collaborative learning environment. This lack of application may stem from insufficient understanding of student-centered strategies and the way they should be applied. As such, the study recommends assigning mentors to follow up novice teachers and guide them to run a more student-centered classroom.

The present study aims at finding out the effectiveness of using Circumlocution strategy on EFL university students' comprehension literary texts, finding out the effect of using circumlocution strategy on the elements of comprehension: a. Literal; b. Reorganization; c. Inferential; d. Evaluation and e. Appreciation, the difference between the experimental group's achievement in word recognition and comprehension of literary texts in the posttest. The sample involves 54 students from the second year at Kirkuk university college of basic education, distributed into two groups, experimental and control with 27 students for each group. The experiment lasted for two months, during the academic year 2025-2026. The results show significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group who is taught by using the Circumlocution strategy at the posttest.

This study aims to examine the presence of historical figures in the novels of Mohammed bin Saif Al Rahbi and to analyze their roles and functions within the narrative structure. Al Rahbi draws upon figures from the past and recontextualizes them within a contemporary fictional framework, thereby enriching the text with deeper layers of meaning and enhancing the reader’s engagement with the narrative.
The study explores a selection of narrative models in which these figures appear, analyzing their representation in terms of psychological, social, and intellectual dimensions. It also discusses the relationship between history and imagination in Al Rahbi’s works, as well as the extent to which he adheres to historical facts or reinterprets them in accordance with his artistic vision.
The study concludes that historical figures in Al Rahbi’s novels are not merely employed as documentary elements; rather, they function as dynamic tools for addressing contemporary issues and for re-reading history from a critical and humanistic perspective.

The religious tourism center in Samarra is a cornerstone of religious tourism, which has always been and remains a major tourist destination attracting visitors from around the world. This research stems from the premise that the religious tourism center in the holy city of Samarra is one of the best sites for development if optimally invested in, ultimately leading to sustainable development that benefits the community by creating job opportunities, reducing unemployment, and generating foreign currency, especially if tourism plans are developed for sites of religious significance. Therefore, special attention should be given to religious tourism as an economic resource that can help address the country's current financial deficit.