Journal of Techniques

In a study Match and Trigard (insect growth regulators) were used against the eggs and larval instars of Khaprah beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. The results showed a reduction in eggs hatching reach 0.00% at the concentration 0.50 and 0.75 ml/L for match and 0.3g /L for the Trigard compared with 86.30 % at the control treatment . Mortality rates of the larval stage coming from the treated eggs reach 100% at the Conc. 0.50 and 0.75 ml/L for Match and 0.3 g/L for Trigard. The first larval instars was more sensitive than the fourth and the last instar .Mortality rates of the 4th and last instars reach 100 , 96.70 and 93.30 % respectively at the conc. 0.75 ml/L of Match and 100% for the 1st and 4th instars treated with Trigard at the conc. 0.3g/L and 95.00% for the last instar at the same conc. Developmental period of Larval stage of treated larvae increases also. Adult emerges from pupa reduced and the sick larvae took abnormal behaviors by movement and color changes and the shape of body parts at the begging of 3rd Larval stage.

This experiment to study the effect of multible probiotic containing on the performance characteristics for two strain of broiler chickes .In this experiment were used total of 600 broiler chikes at one day old were allocated aqowaly in two strain Ross and Hubberd (300 chicks for each strain). at range weight for one chick 41 and 42 g.respectively . were randomly allocated in to five replicated with 30 chicks for each replicate Also used tow treatment .chicks in the first treatment received control dite,chicks in the second treatment received multiple probiotic in the drinking water at the level of 200 ml/200L water until 20 day old and 50 ml/200L water unto 40 day old. Statistical analysis showed that exceed the Ross strain at age 8 week on hubberd strain in body weight and feed in take. But there was no significant between two strain in feed efficiency at 8 week . Also study result revaled no effect for two strain within age 8 week on mortality but the strain effect significantly on dressing percent during significant Ross strain on Hubberd strain. Also it was noticed that the interaction effect treatment and strain, strain have exceeded in Ross and multiple probiotic in body weight during significant multiple probiotic on control dite. The data showed that significant effect for the interaction between treatment and strain on mortality percent and dressing , the Ross record height dressing ratio and least mortality ratio when used probiotic .

This stady was conducted in the greenhouse of the Technical Institute / Musaib during 2005-2006 season to investigate the effect of sprays number of defferrent levels from polysulfide ( 0.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 ) cm3 /liter on growth and yield of cucumber, Cv. Empirtor, under green house condition. Results show that the highest average of plant height, leaves, branches, flowers number/plant and set percentage were realized at the interaction of 5cm3/litar of the foliar fertilizer with 3 sprays . However, fruit longth, number of fruits/plant and fruit weight were 21.2cm, 63.2 fruit and 110.6gm respectively as compared to 10.3cm fruit long, 27.6 fruit/plant and 92.2gm fruit weight respectively of the control treatment. This was resulted in the significant increase of the yield/plant and early maturation as well as total yield of the single greenhouse ( i.e, 6.36kg, 0.980 ton and 9.671 ton respectively )

Total phenolic compounds of seven grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of Shadda Soudda, Rossi 7, Kamali, Buhrizi, Dase Al-Anz, Halawani and Rush Meo were determined through two seasons. The results indicated that the seeds of tested varieties contain total phenol in concentration (21020.64 and 29482.60), (18540.76 and 27286.98), (18083.76 and 23130.60), (16256.13 and 21555.13), (13816.35 and 18557.54), (13435.75 and 17935.83) and (12099.52 and 17137.33) mg/kg for the tow seasons, respectively. The seeds of varieties were variable in phenolic content, the Sadda Soudda have the higher content of these compounds in comper with others. Meanwhile, Rush Meo have the lowest Proanthocyanidin and Catechin content, and the lowest content of Epicatechin was found in Halawani.

This study aimed to know the effect of different ripening temperature's using (6,10 control ,14 , and 18˚c) on qualities and ripening period of Gouda cheese.
The results obtained showed:-
When ripening temperature was elevated up to 14c˚ no significant was observed in cheese quality as compared with control cheese.
The ripening acceleration period was 6-7 weeks.
High ripening temperature at 18c˚ for 6 weeks may be used to produce cheese suitable for manufacturing local processed cheese.
Ripening was slow at 6c˚ however higher scores were given to the 12 weeks.
Electrophoresis showed an increase in the number of protein bands in cheese ripened at 14 , 18c˚ after 6 weeks compared with control cheese.

Two lypophilized locally bacterial isolates of bifibdoacterium were obtiand from several studies in Food Scienc and Biotechnology department , from healthy children feces 1-3 months old, One of them had high proteolytic activities and the second had low proteolytic activities ,they were incorporated in Monterey like Cheese .By using miniature manufacturing modle of cheese system , under microbiologically controlled conditions , water soluble nitrogen extract had HPLC tested for amino acids concentration .Result showed in that all treatments amino acids concentrations were increased due to ripening time, but bifidobacteria isolates showed different concentration while isolate 5 had appearred more amino acids than isolate 2 and inducted high proteolytic activities, and some amino acids are increased, reduced, disappearred or appearred at the end of the ripening

The search aims at defining the ways which the state follows to supporting policy for agricultural projects because of its importance in crossing economical embargo, and its also works on protecting the agricultural producers from the price fluctuation, increasing their production, but the problem of this policy is The difficulty of directing supports amounts to some projects which has exposed to bad performance which will cost for the state budget. and some of the supporting ways are : subsidy production requirement such as seeds , fertilizers through producing them locally or by importing them than state sells them to the agricultural producers at a suitable price and also the supporting of the main harvests ( Wheat, Barley, Rice ) which most of them are distributed to the consumers , and during 1997 The state has reinvigorate the chickens projects through supporting the imported inputs such as production requirement and selling them at an accountable price , also the agricultural supports amounts has reached (70- 84%) of the total supports amounts to the economical sectors , cereal harvests has toke the biggest share of those amounts, eventually it has lead to the stability of the agricultural income, increasing the production, expanding in the planted lands .

Study was conducted at Husainia Kerbela Province to determine the quantitative and qualitative characters of eight Green Gage cultivars (Iraqi Green Gage, Baghdad yellow, Resasiya green, Naeme black, Kashyna black, Hamra, Ashfahaniya, and Bathreya) produced from direct seed planting. The trees used were uniform in age and trained on ordinary pyramid method and planted at 6x6 m distance. The experiment was done for two seasons. Data on average yield of tree, Fruit weight, fruit size, length and width of fruit, and total soluble of fruit recorded. Results showed that all cultivars have similar climate requirements of Kerbela province.

This study was conducted on some soils of agricultural projects in the middle of Mesopotamian plain representing two physiographic units, river and irrigation canal levees. The aim was to study the nature of mineralogical composition of the studied soil pedons.Nine sites representing the dominant soil series were selected as follows : Ishaqi, Kassawiy, Saqlawiya, Baghdad, Field of the College of Agriculture (Abu-Ghraib), Radhwania, Suwaira, Latifiyah, Great Mussaib. The pedons were described and samples from each horizon were taken for mineralogical analysis. The results of heavy minerals indicated that the opaque minerals did not show specific pattren of distribution within all studied pedons mainly due to the effect of geomorphological processes specially deposition process.The Amphibole minerals were the dominant in the pedons of Suwaira, Latifiyah and Mussaib. The results of light minerals indicated that Quartz mineral was dominant in all pedons due to it’s resistance to weathering and could be inherited from parent material. The results of X - ray indicated that the Smectite minerals group was dominant in all pedons due to the presence of environmental conditions for their formation as well as they were inherited from parent material.

Field experiment in the farms of the agriculture collage –University of Baghdad Abu-Ghraib area in a salty clay loam soil to study the effect of soil moisture and plowing depth on practical productivity, drag force resistance, Slippage percentage and total cost for machinery units.The treatments including two levels of soil moisture (17%,12%) and three depth of plowing (13,17and 21cm) .Randomized complete block design with three replications and LSD (0.05) was used to compare the means of treatments at 0.05. The experiment results showed that under 17% of soil moisture for all depth of plowing reported increasing Significant of practical productivity with mean(0.606h/hr), Otherwise both of drag force with mean (1847kg.f) resistance, Slippage percentage with mean (7.100%) and total cost for machinery units with mean (40087.413D/h) reported decrease Significant, depth of plowing 13cm Reported Significant for two content best productivity with mean (0.657 h/hr( with least Slippage with mean (4.982%) and total cost with mean (37886.055 D/h(.

A filed experiment was conducted to study the effect of flood and sprinkler irrigation on some Elements losses (N,P , K, Ca,Mg, SO4) from soil and availability of N, P, K in soil , growth and product of corn in plots of 150m area . Planted with corn and fertitized with NPK fertilizer The experiment was conducted with two treatment ; Sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation . Ramdomize complete block design with three replication was used . Irrigation applied was Up to field capacity and when 55% of available water was lost. Results showed asignificant increase in nutrient elements losses with flood irrigation in comparison with sprinkler irrigation . The lost of these elements in both treatments was at following order : Ca> Mg> N> K> SO4>P. Results also revealed a significant increase of availability of N, P , K in sprinkler irrigation in comparison with flood irrigation . The sprinkler irrigation producted more dry weight and production of corn more than flood irrigation . irrigation producted more dry weight and production of corn more than flood irrigation

This study was carried out to understand the nature of occurrence and formation of interstratified minerals regular and irregular in some Iraq soils , and their relation to the degree of development and land use . In this study. Eight soil sites, were chosen in different degree of development. soils were represented by four sites Sharazur , Bakhtiyary , Sami Al-Abid , and Um-Arzama . Whereas undeveloped soils were represented dy three sites Abu-Garib , Al-Samrah , and Al-Mahnnawiya ,finally,the middle state between developed and undeveloped soils was represented by Erbil Results of x-ray diffraction showed that the developed soils in rainy sites of Sharazur and Bakhtiariyary , were contended both types of interstratified minerals , regular and irregular type .also there are two stage for transformation of mica minerals : first, was primary stage ,.and second was critical stage. The present study confirmed that the developing state use the main effect on the transformation of mica minerals and formation of interstratified minerals in all developed soils comparning with undevelope soils, Result confirmed two type of mica edges weathering in developed soils : first was a complete edge weathering of mica , and second, was uncompeleted edge weathering, the morphological featueres of mica surfaces were not largely effected by nature and type of land using in all studied soils .

The bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens apply to control damping off disease , caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn on tomato seedling. The result showed that Pseudomonas fluorescens had antagonistic activity during inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani were demonstrated by using the dual culture method (%48,15 ) , the increase in concentration of bacteria in soil or seed coating very effect to reduce death seeds or infected seedling by Rhizoctonia solani. The result showed also significantly effect when we used seed coating bacteria to protect from pathogen (4 seeds) death & reduce in infected seedling (10 seedlings) compared with addition the bacteria to soil (22 seeds) & (29 seedlings). The result demonstrate successed biocontrol depend on method & addition usage of biocontrol agent. These results suggest that the P. fluorescens have an excellent potential to be used as biocontrol agents of R. solani in tomato in greenhouse conditions.

This study was conducted in the hort. Station of Mahaweel – Hort. & For. Company during year 2005/2006 to find out the impact of cultivars and foliar nutrition with PRO.SOL on the vegetative growth characters of apricot seedlings Kaisy and Zaghenia budded on apricot seedling rootstock and on their leaves NPK content in leaf .Results indicated that the cultivars showed an significant influence on most studied characters. Kaisy cultivar, however gave the highest graft union percentage 84.44% , leaf area 17.08 cm2 , shoot diameter 9.68 cm , rootstock diameter 12.95 mm , vegetative and root system dry weight percentage 57.62 , 55.29 % respectively . No significant differences were observed between the cultivars studied regardling leaf P and K content , Nitrogen content were significantly domenat with Zaghenia cultivar .
Monthly interval spray with the nutrient solution PRO.SOL had shown significant effects on leaf mineral content and all vegetative characterestics studied comparing with non treated . Interaction between Kaisy cultivar and monthly spray recorded a significant increase of leaf area , scion stem diameter , stock diameter and vegetative and root system dry weight percentage 21.76 cm2 , 11.12 mm , 15.50 mm , 59.03 % and 59.94 % respectively . While Zaghenia with monthly spray interaction showed highest NPK content 2.57 % , 0.29 % and 1.36 % respectively .

This study was carried out at the Horticulture and Forest station in Mahaweel – Babylon . During the years of 2005 – 2006 to recognize the effect of the date autuman budding ( 25 / 8 and 25 / 9 ) and foliar sprays with Fe and Zn ( 100 and 150 mg Fe/ L, 25 and 50 mg Zn / L and 100 mg Fe / L + 25 mg Zn / L , control on growth of Citrus seedling ( sweet orange and mandarin and lemon ) By using R C B D design with three replicates for each treatment . The results are summarized as follows :-
1- The first date budding ( 25/ 8 ) caused significant increasing in all studied characters (seedling length , numbers of vegetative shoots and diameters , numbers of leaves , leaf area , dry matter of leaves and roots , percentage of nitrogen and phosophorus in the leaves , concentration of iron & zinc in leaves .
2- The treatments ( 100 mg Fe / L + 25 mg Zn / L ) showed significant increased in all studied characters .

The work was carried out in East Garraf river lands. And , aimed to investigate the pedostratigraphy of soil series within river and irrigation basins. Also, it aimed to study the textural discontinuity in these soils .Pedostratigraphy of parent materials of soil series ( DP125, DF117, DF125 ) was studied in terms of pedological texture classes and particles variability . A linear transect conneting these soil facilate the correlation . Pedostratigraphy sand minerals was studied as well .Result showed that pedological texture classes appeared to be adequate, and gave good indication of relevant pedostrtigraphic correlation . moreover feldspars gave better pedostrtigraphic pedostrtigraphic than amphiboles in soils of irrigation and river basins .Pedostratigraphy of these soils assured presence of soil stratification and lithological discontinuity and therfore value of ≥ 0.4 as critical value of lithological discontinuity was suggested accordingly

The study was carried out to detection the important characteristics of the soils at the cotton research unit , which is located inside the area of the mosul technical institute on the terraces of tiqris river . The land characterized by wavey to undulating topography with slope range from (2 – 6 %) in different direction . leveling operation has been practiced on this land , then silt loam deposit taken from the river sides has been added and mixed with surface soil. Results showed that the texture of the surface soil is silt loam, which change to clay at the subsurface soil . Calcite content is very high and increased with depth (330 – 425 g/kg), for this the soil is classified as a calcareous soil . The majority of this compound is inherited from the parent material, while the other amount was crystallized by the effect of pedogenic processes . The organic matter content of this soil is very low and decreased with depth, also this soil has a medium fertility .The mentioned results reoffered that the major soil forming processes are addition , losses and translocation of fine matrereials from one point to another within the soil . These processes are responsible for the size distribution of granules in the soil solum , as well as calcification and decalcification aprocesses are active in these soils. After the improvement in some soil characteristics were done ,the soil become more appropriate for the plant production

Two experiments were conducted in yousfiah, fourty five kilometers from Baghdad during fall seasons of 2005 and 2006 to find out the effect of spray date of unigreen fertilizer (the completion of 10 leaves and completion of 12 leaves) and their conc. (0, 12.5 , 25 and 37.5 gm/ 20 liters) on some growth characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment in RCBD with three replications. Results showed that the 2nd date with 37.5 gm/20 liter gave the highest means of plant height (1.87 and 1.93 cm), stem girth (18.26 and 18.72mm) ear height (99.81 and 102.89 cm) and leaf area height (0.473 and 0.479 m2) for both seasons. The control treatment on the other hand resulted in lowest means of the abovementioned parameter. This study showed that foliar spray with 37.5 gm /20 liters in the stage where 14 leaves were completed accomplished better results regarding the characteristics studied

The field experiment was performed to study the effect of irrigation interval , irrigation level and emitter discharge on distribution of okra roots , which was planted in clayey soil by using drip irrigation system . The study was designed as a factorial experiment within split – plot design using RCBD in three replicates , A ( irrigation interval ) was put in main plots and combination between B (irrigation level ) and C( emitter discharge ) was put in sub – main plots . The results showed increasing the number of secondary roots as a result of decreasing irrigation interval and increasing irrigation level ,emitter discharge . The results showed increasing the mean of main root depth for treatments of irrigation interval (3 day) comparatively with treatments of irrigation interval (5 day) . There were a significant differences between irrigation levels used in terms of the length of main root of the crop. Maximum root density was at the depth of 5 –10 cm for all treatments . The secondary roots grown for a horizontal distance of 30 , 25 and 20 cm away from the main root for the irrigation levels 100% EP, 75%EP, 50%EP, respectively .

For control on pollution ecosystem by agricultural pesticides which are unused in treatment of agricultural beets which are consider as pollutants for ecosystem , it is used in eradication system and for fomation specialized agricultural bureaus which are work on agricultural beets according to effected area and type of epidemic , this study is attempt to design as coding system for bureaus and to agricultural shops in the country and a system for informations input in computer to controt on pesticides amounts which are outlet from bureaus and agricultural shops

Make survey for locality vegetable seeds variety in The-Qar city shops . Study infection persent of fungus on upper surface and inner surface seeds.The variety used are Radish , Snake , Cucumber . Okra , Eggplant and Cowpen .The result show Rizoctonia solani very sever in inner surface of seeds , but Alternaria alternate very sever in upper surface and other fungi isolated .

Afield experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of added weights to rear wheels of tractor ،plow type on some performance indicators of machine unit of silty clay loam soil at the experimental field of the College of Agriculture University of Baghdad .Two types of plows: mold board plow and chisel plow ,three added weights: standard weights (iron discs ),adding water to the wheels, and no weights added were used under constant velocity of 3.96 km/hr. The performance indicators of machine unit were studied in this research including: percentage of slippage, practical productivity, percentage clod soil with a diameter greater than 10 cm, fuel consumption.The experiment was executed according to a split design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications .least significant differences (L.S.D) were used to compare means of treatments at 0.05 level. The results were as follows: Additions of standard weights and water to rear wheels of tractor a significant decrease in values of percentage of slippage , percentage of soil clod with a diameter greater than 10 cm, and significant increase in values practical productivity ,where there was no significant effect on fuel consumption values . Chisel plow showed a significant superiority in comparison with all treatments ,yielding higher values of practical productivity ,and lower values of fuel consumption, percentage of soil clods (< 10 cm ø) .while the mold board plow had a significant effect in lowering percentage of slippage. Statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between studied factors ,and they were as follow Higher values of practical productivity were obtained under chisel plow and addition of water.

A field experiment was conducted at Abu-Ghraib during 2007-2008 to evaluate the effect of some plows, and tractor speeds on machinery performance and soil mean weight diameter.In this study, two plows were used; mold board plow and chisel plow, Two tractors, MF- 650 and New Holland, were used as machinery unit for plowing silty clay loam soil by using two levels of slow practical speeds (2.414 and 3.973 km.h‾¹) in 17 cm depth. Draft force, Slippage percentage, and mean weight diameter were studied in this research.The experiment was conducted by using split plot design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results were showed the following:The chisel plow surpassed the mold board plow significantly in getting higher mean weight diameter (1.013mm), whereas the mold board plow was superior in getting less draft force (799) kg. The effect of plows and tractor speed were not significant on slippage percentage. The interaction between the chisel plow and the speed 2.414 km.hֿ¹ was superior in getting higher mean weight diameter (1.238 mm) only.

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm Department of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture Abu-Ghraib during 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 season to investigate the effect of four seeding rates (60, 80 , 100 and 120) kg/ha on yield, yield components of two bread wheat cultivars (IPA 99 and Abu- Ghraib -3-). A randomized complete block design with factorial experiment in three replications was used. Results showed that Abu-Ghraib CV. gave high grain yield (4.13) ton/ha, due to its superior in spike No./m2 (444.1) and seed / spike (49.63). while IPA 99 CV. gave biological yield (10.88 and 10.96) ton/ha, respectively. Increasing seeding rates caused increasing in grain yield for both season. The high level (120 kg /ha) was superior in grain yield (4.25 and 4.20) ton/ha, biological yield (11.63 and 11.49) ton/ha, and spike No./m2 ( 531.4 and 533.6) respectively. Abu-Ghraib CV. at (60) kg/ha gave the lowest means, grain yield (4.01) ton/ha, biological yield (9.96) ton/ha only for the second season, spike No./m2 (348.5 and 357.3). This study shows that Abu-Ghraib CV. at (120) kg/ha seeding rate gave the better results under the conditions of middle area of Iraq.

A silencer of a tractor ANTAR 71 reverse flow was manufactured in a local workshop by changing the structure and dimensions of the original silencer , lengthening the pipe connected to the exhaust manifold and changing the silencer from the vertical to the horizontal position .The results showed that there was a difference between the original and the manufactured one .the noise intensity of the manufactured silencer was 80 dB for three engine speeds 1000 , 1500 , 2000 rpm without load ,while the noise intensity in the original silencer was 87.3 dB for the same previous speeds without load .This manufactured silencer was tested practically with three speeds in farm in AL-Mahmudiya to perform grading operations in a newly plowed field .The noise intensity of the manufactured silencer was again less than the original one as showed below 1-The original silencer gave a 88.6 dB noise intensity for three speeds . 2-The manufactured silencer gave a 81.2 dB noise intensity for three speeds .
A according to what has been mentioned above , we recommended to use the manufactured model of silencer in the tractor ANTAR 71to improve the driver´s productivity and to maintain the environmental standards .

This experiment included three phases age (0 and 2),(3 and 4) and (5and6) weeks . Using broilers of strain ARBOR –ACERS .In the first phase age all chicks divided in two main treatments, and fed ad libitum on starter ration .The first treatment fed diets without probiotic ,but the second treatment added to its diets probiotic (Biomine IMB 52) .
In the second phase age (3and4)weeks ,decreasing growth period ,(feed restriction ) ,divided each main treatments into two secondary treatments ,one of them Ad libitum and the other fed restriction .
In the third phase age (5and6) weeks ,compensatory growth period ,included ten treatments .the first five treatments (1-5) original birds group from first main treatment without probiotic ,and the second five treatments (6-10) original birds from second main treatment which added to diets probiotic .the results reverted to :-
1-highly body weight rate for treatments fed probiotic since day –old on other treatments.

2- Depression significant in total feed intake for feed restriction treatments compared with control treatment .
3- The best total feed efficiency rate to feed restriction treatments which give probiotic since day –old .
4- Lest mortality rate recorded for feed restriction treatments that fed probiotic since day –old .