Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences

When the number of outliers in the sample is unknown , two phenomena , namely the masking and swamping effect can occur . In this paper , tables were constructed for limiting masking and swamping effects according to Tietjen And Moore Test .

Microwave energy has found wide range of applications in the fields of communications, industrial, scientific, medical, commercial and military.
In the Public applications, microwave energy may produce biological effects which may sometimes, lead to adverse health effect.
This paper introduces the relationship between microwave energy and the public health through the analysis of the effects of microwave energy on the biological systems and its hazardous effects on the health of the human body. It starts with the analysis of non-thermal and thermal effects of microwave energy on the tissue of the human body, and then it gives an analysis of the radiation limits of microwave radiation hazard and the different international standards. The safe distance from the radiating source was formulated and estimated for four scenarios, which represents different case studies (On-Beam-Axis of Continuous Transmission, On-Beam-Axis of Pulsating Transmission, Side-Lobe Transmission, and Rotating-Beam Transmission).
The results of these estimations indicate that there is a hazardous distance varies from few meters up to few hundred of meters depending on the coverage, power and type of transmission.

Frequent itemsets mining is the second step of Association rules mining which is the main task of Knowledge Discovery (KDD) and data mining (DM). There are three types of itemsets; Crisp (CI), Generalized (GI), and Fuzzy itemsets (FI). FI is the most recent type. This paper presents a new algorithm to mine fuzzy itemsets from large taxonomic databases depending on fuzzy taxonomies that reflect partial belongings among data items, also it depends on Item-Transaction layout, and shortest path finding between an item and its super classes. The proposed algorithm, Fuzzy Itemsets Miner Algorithm (FIMA) deals with the three types of fuzzy itemsets; taxonomic nodes, linguistic terms, and hedges. FIMA scans the database, under mining, only once. It excludes the need for complicated data structures, prunes the pruning steps of available algorithm, and avoids the weakness of manipulating low levels values of minimum support threshold. The algorithm performs much better than the available algorithm such that it reduces the complexity of mining FIs from exponential, O(an), to linear order of magnitude O(n).

The smoothing (adaptive , learning) parameter is of importance in the adaptive filtering method . It determines the speed with which the weights in the forecasting equation are adapted to fit the historical data .
In this paper , experiments were conducted to minimize intervals which contain adaptive parameter in several situations for autoregressive (AR) processes .

A microstrip reflectarray is a flat reflector antenna that can be mounted conformally on to a spacecraft's outside structure. The antenna's reflecting surface, being flat, can be more easily and reliably deployed than a curved parabolic reflector. This paper presents the design study of microstrip reflectarray, theoretical analysis of the antenna performance parameters, such as radiation pattern, gain, and bandwidth are also presented. A comparison between microstrip reflector array and parabolic reflector are presented.

This research depending on great concerning focus of the financial reporting systems by according to the quality standards to communicate the information to its users by depending the modern electronic systems that producted by the information and communication revaluation . It's benefiting in supporting the accounting systems role in producing the requirements of users and consisting with an environment variables in accounting environment. So this research go from a problem stand up on importance and role of process of development and use of the electronic systems especially , in the electronic financial reporting and ability in activating obligation with accounting information the quality standards . It's supporting the accounting profession and its role in the local environment especially. So the aim of this research was defining the electronic financial reporting systems nature and it’s a practicing problems and its benefiting and practicing requirements and its role in supporting of activating the accounting information quality standards, in addition to dirction to use of the electronic financial reporting systems in the local environment to consisting with international environments in communicate accounting information for the beneficiaries.

Remote learning is an environment that simulates the physical class by presenting a virtual electronic class, this definition is broad and holds all technologies and methodologies that facilitate this simulation. This paper is dedicated to standardize a model to represent this simulation by abstracting the remote learning into two main components which are environment ( operating system, network, protocol, media) and integrated tools ( used within the virtual class to increase the learning experience of the audience). The outcome of the model proposed by this paper increases the teaching experience beside the learning experience by enforcing the lecturer with tools to visually present his ideas to the audience

In this research, we have presented and discussed an algorithm for analytical method to solve linear system of Volterra integral equations of the first kind ( LVIE1st ). Algorithm of the analytical method for this system based on the Laplace transform and generalized inverse. The proposed algorithm has been applied to some examples to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity.

This work though diverse, gives help and stimulation in the design of computer based materials for developing skills , it allows the student to express solution as procedures, and receive feedback as the computer executes them, his /her idea can be extended to in imaginative but structured ways by using WHAT- IF questions.
Problem solving materials must be implemented to allow the student to explore facts as she / he works through specific pre-stored problems.
A command vocabulary is provided for this purpose, and the command set enables the student to set the problem chunk to be attempted (complete question, stages or smaller steps) and to ask, successively if he wishes, WHY DO a stage / step ( i.e. if that goal is achieved how does it help in moving towards a solution ?) WHY CHOOSE that goal ( i.e. what problem features lead to that goal rather than do others) .
HOW DO stage / step ( a general hint on method ), and WHY THAT method would be followed . A HELP command provides advice, through heuristic, when the student can not proceed (A TELL response is available as a last resort), WHE WRONG enables student to gain further feedback.
Other commands are available to provide summaries and reminders of previous and present work, and to manage the presentation of information.
The system keeps full records of responses and these are to be analyzed, This method of triggering ideas towards developing and acquisitions skills in the solution of problems seems to be effective and needs to be developed through further works

As a result of the development that gained in the world of the communication, and led methods and traditional exchanging information to be nonsufficient for provide easier and secure exchange information from side to side.
The new NMMB (New Messenger for Mobile by using Bluetooth) aims to provide new method to transfer data over mobile without any cost to transfer data. It improves new technique to move IP packet via Bluetooth from one mobile to another, and provides security for transfer data by using multi-method of security over time on transfer data.

This research concerns with model constructing of innovation ability measurement that has originated from the national environment with the intention of getting more real and accepted results in the scope of personnel ability measurement and taking advantage of these abilities.
The questionnaire has been used in this research where it is distributed on (40) personnel who have high academic certifications. The principal and designed (proposed) measurement have been applied on the same model , in order to test the dependent assumptions, and the results have been calculated and compared with each others.
The research has ended up by a number of conclusions and recommendation. The most important conclusion is that new (proposed) measurement results are not complying with the principal one (Ettlie & O\'Keefe, 1982). This means that every individual has an innovation seed that has been irrigated by his surrounding circumstances. Whenever these circumstances be healthy, it will help in the appearance of the early age, clear, and useful innovation ability.

With the rapid spread of computer networks and the wide use of multimedia technologies, many watermarking techniques are now under development and investigation for protecting owner's intellectual rights. Watermarks can be divided into two types, visible and invisible watermarks, physical visible watermarks have been used for centuries. Now days it is used in digital library, in video broad casting, and other multimedia services. The visible watermark may face several problems. Among these problems, watermark removal and unauthorized insertion are two main concern.
This paper proposes a method of invisible watermark to overcome these problems. The watermarking process based on hiding a selected watermark object, that holds a little a mount of information relative to the source object, inside the cover image which has to be authenticated. The processes are based on using invisible watermarks to protect visibly watermarked images which are done by using different techniques. The experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm can provide a very effective protection for watermarked images.

In this paper has been building a statistical model of the Saudi financial market using GARCH models that take into account Volatility in prices during periods of circulation, were also study the effect of the type of random error distribution of the time series on the accuracy of the statistical model, as it were studied two types of statistical distributions are normal distribution and the T distribution. and found by application of a measured data that the best model for the Saudi market is GARCH (1,1) model when the random error distributed t. student's .

Of the many kinds of ambiguity in language is word sense. This problem had received the most attention in computational linguistics, and the reasons for this are clear: their resolution is seemingly essential for any practical application, and they seem to require a wide variety of methods and knowledge-sources with no pattern apparent in what any particular instance requires.
Since the beginning of NLP field and the researchers trying to bypass the bottleneck of word sense disambiguation (WSD). The lack of high-performing methods for sense disambiguation may be considered the major obstacle that prevented an extensive use of natural language processing techniques in many areas of information technology, such as information classification and retrieval, query processing, advanced Web search, document warehousing, etc.
This obstacle inspired many researchers to come up with new methods, approaches, and to exploit whatever knowledge resources exist to develop a solution. Previously most of the techniques used were based on a huge amount of knowledge sources, which suffers from the problems of incomplete, inadequate, and expensive resources.
After that a trained techniques and the statistical approaches dominant over the field for a while were at the beginning good results obtained with limited and small domains. But with the expanding of the domains, the luck of good trained knowledge sources besides the neglecting of the semantic roles did not lay good results at the end.
Now a day’s the research had been directed towards a hybrid approach that depends on the available and more reliable knowledge sources besides the semantic techniques, and training methods which consider the role of the words in its context.
In this research we will take a case study of WSD. Then we will display the semantic techniques used in it and display the effect of implementing consistence concept evaluation method to produce more reliable results based on semantic similarity, besides that we will show how more conceptualization of the semantic relations can be implemented through semantic information.

E-Learning is one of important subjects that research and studies is deals with it. Really many shapes and concepts are proposed that can be applied on Foreign and Arabic universities. In our modest research we study what is it e-learning, what are its main concepts and shapes. Give general framework for applying e-learning, generally in Iraqi Universities and especially in Al-Rafidain University College.

The Law of terrorism Lour No. (13) for the year 2005 A.D was enacted for insisting necessity , rendering if obligatory for resorting to fight against the terrorist operations & the destructive activities which prevail in our dear country , & caused huge numbers of casualties , & wide destruction of properties & paralyze of the vital utilities , beside diffusion of panic & terror among citizens .

It is worth mentioning that these ugly crimes were unknown among our Iraqi people , & have been created after the American conquest to Iraq , & the penetration of the criminal terrorist organizations which intend inflicting evil to Iraqi citizens in line with their foreign schemes targeting at the destruction of the unity of Iraqi , & to demolish their civilizations & their safety & security ;which has led the concerned authorities to enact this law to be a deterrent to terrorists & criminals , & the day of victory is close by the Will of God .

It has been before using the mathematical system – the Multipicative Cyclic Group (MCG) - to construct the MCG unit, which is a base unit of MCG systems. In this paper we develop the MCG unit to gain random digital sequences with high efficiency to be used in Stream Cipher Systems. The basic criteria of efficiency are applied to test the digital sequence results from the system which is combined from the proposed unit.

This paper presents a step in automatic database design, re-engineering and schema modification, design weak points detection, and normalization. This step represents determining the candidate keys of the tables automatically via proposing and implementing an algorithm which depends on the functional dependency and attribute set closure. Also, some techniques of Apriori algorithm of association rule mining are used to generate keys and minimize the keys space. The implementation is done by using Oracle PL/SQL to utilize the facilities provided by ORACLE DBMS and to give the features of embedded system to the proposed one.

In many complex systems , there are many components and has different configuration in series, parall, or seriesparall.
The optimal design configuration for amulti-stage systems can be modeled subject to maximize the reliability by determining number of components at each stage of a seriesparall system , taking in to account the total costs of configuration dose not exceed the given Budget.

The aim of this paper is to prove the local existence uniqueness of the mild solution of semi linear initial value control problem in suitable Hilbert space using semi group theory "composite semi group" and Banach fixed point theorem.