Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

Number of studies have been carried out regarding preferences given to Generalists vis –a-vis Specialists for leading administrative systems .Obviously ,preferences between the two sides were always linked to stages of scientific and technological development in the given country .Thompson,Etzioni,Trevor ,and Pules besides others were all emphasizing needs for more Specialists (Technocrates ) ,while Lately Johnston ,Generalist ,Gardner .and Bernstein Emphasis the need for Generalists .Victor Thomson has predicated an increasing competition between Generalist on one hand and Technocrats on the other hand .He has predicted that this competition may lead to what he had called a "bureau pathology "In the same context Clarke points out how middle management plays a mediation role between Generalists and Technocrats at lower levels of leaderships.The purpose of the present research is to find out actual trends towards Technocrats vis –a vis Generalists in Jordan as one of the developing countries which is experiencing a relatively significant scientific and technological progress .Implicitly a search for Bureau Pathological Symptoms in Jordan is additional purpose of this study .Accordingly the following hypothesis is developed for investigation :There are no statistically significant relationships between number of Technocratsone hand and personnel attitudes regarding certain scientific and technological considerations on the other hand in the concerned administrative systems .Findings of the analysis showed some needs for more technocrats at various Levels of leaderships .

That option from the viewpoint of the buyer is a contract granted by the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a specified quantity of the existing basis at a fixed price known in advance "for a period of time. And point of view of the seller, the option is a contract to be the editor in which the binding" implementation if Margb option holder to the implementation of the right . Thus, the option is a contract includes the rights and obligations and implement the order and selection of the bearer. and the latter used his right only if the use was profitable, "Otherwise, it is to Aistkhaddmh. As long as the option holder can choose whether it should be the implementation of the option or not implemented, the contract form provides "a form of insurance. The options are the tools of risk management does not establish prices (such as contracts futures or futures contracts) but also protect those who buy on price movements is not favorable at the same time allow them to profit from price movements are favorable. Options and futures are the most complex "of options online, but avoid delivery problems and receipt experienced by the options instant. therefore, options futures offer additional flexibility in the management of risk price for Atofarha to Aalkhiarat immediate and Aacod futures. So seek this research is to achieve a number of goals is the most important statement of the nature and importance of these contracts and research found a number of conclusions and recommendations of the most important need meet all the requirements necessary to establish a market futures commodities in Iraq, for the opportunity to trade contracts, options futures commodities. This entails creating the investment climate is encouraging to attract international financial institutions that play an "important role" in stimulating the parliamentary activities of the market and activate the presence of international rather than "scaled and make it rebuffed the models of the narrow domestic markets, especially, "and that Iraq has a material basis (in the field of crude oil, at least) which can be adaptive to the success of such an experience.

Research seeks to test the effect of output workers (small industrial projects of the city of Baghdad) on the performance of the operational application of the model of Cornell University and the Foundation for Research Jfti. The selected sample consists of (16) to be a small community center to conduct research on a sample consisting of (80) where a factor. And tested two hypotheses emphasize the fundamental relationship and the impact of these two variables pointing to the acceptance and application of this model in the industrial environment and for the Iraqi small businesses there.

Known marketing reverse as an attempt or a means to reduce or limit the demand for consumption of a particular commodity or a product on the basis of permanent or temporary and can lead the attempt to growing demand, which may have some effects (effect) on the objectives of the organization. Can be used as marketing reverse as a means to reduce or mitigate the demand reverse or types of application and is used with its relationship phase of certain equipment and to recognize the company (organization) that the marketing reverse is absolutely imperative then all the entrances of marketing can be applied and has taken a marketing it is important Mazlh to reduce demand as well Mazlh increased demand and should not be classified as a reverse marketing just marketing in the opposite direction the reverse marketing reverse marketing. The image of the marketing reverse become a matter of very hot at the beginning of the seventies of the twentieth century, especially with such a case known when he became the processing types of needs is very limited. The researcher studied the subject on a sample of the smokers in the city of Mosul, using the means of marketing reverse the reduction or technicians of this phenomenon and the researcher to a number of conclusions and recommendations in the text cursor.

This research aims to identify the extent of the impact the morale of the workers in the State Company for Textile Industries in Hilla,
their productivity has been studying the factors affecting the morale in the company by developing a questionnaire for the purposes of this research were distributed to (150) factor are the research sample. I've set Factors affecting the morale, which was to: salaries and wages, to keep working and proud of his performance, a sense of belonging to the organization, management efficiency and confidence in them, the efficiency of the ways and means of communication, appropriate conditions and work requirements, development of
the individual in the right place for his abilities and qualifications , opportunities for advancement and promotion, bonus material and moral, effective and objective system of supervision, availability of good relations between employees at the facility, availability of services and additional benefits for workers, provide work for the community center appropriate, and family problems. The productivity has been measured by the equation in particular. research found that there is a clear relationship between morale and worker productivity and morale of the employees in the company are not good. The research has included recommendations aimed at studying the factors affecting the morale of staff and attention to better take advantage of its positive effects on productivity.

The study aimed to identify the internal factors affecting the return on a portfolio of loans and credit facilities in the Iraqi private banks in order to strengthen its positive impact and minimize their negative impact. To achieve the objective of the study have been collecting data for a sample of private banks (and the eight banks) of the annual reports issued by it, as well as reports and publications of the Central Bank of Iraq.
The study concluded that there is a positive statistically significant morale between the return on a portfolio of loans and credit facilities as the dependent variable, and a set of independent variables represented by the size of the bank, and the rate of capital adequacy, liquidity and cash on hand, and the rate of spending on advertising, and age of the bank.
On the other hand, the study showed a correlation is negative (inverse), but with a significance between the return on the portfolio and the employment rate for deposits in loans and credit facilities. While there were not statistically significant relation with a variable number of bank branches.
According to the results, the study proposed a set of recommendations that can contribute to achieving the objectives of the most important trend towards the practice of long-term lending activity for the consequent larger rates of profitability relative to short-term investments actively.

The study aims to identify the nature of the relationship between job design and stress career for those working in private hospitals operating in the Mhafezhsulaimanah, and to achieve this goal, the researcher distributed questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to the sample approved according to method of random, and the study found that businesses in the private hospitals are designed to good and it includes most of the work characteristics of the diversity of skills and the importance of the work and verify the identity of the work and independence and feedback, as indicated results of the study Hanegbi workers feel an acceptable degree of stress job, it turns out that there is an inverse relationship found between the diversity of skills, and the importance of work, autonomy and feedback from hand and the stress functional on the other, with no study shows any correlation between the identification of the work and stress job, with no mention of the study to the existence of a correlation of sex and academic achievement stress-career workers, and study included some of the recommendations is the most important, the need to increase the interest of departments in hospitals regarding the diversification of skills and independence and to verify the identity of the work of the work assigned to the staff, improve the career path and increase training opportunities for giving workers new skills, and the need to reconsider some policies, especially those pertaining to salaries and criteria for evaluating performance, as well as the definition of workers are young and low-service nature of their work and the limits of that their roles assigned to them.

he decision to manufacture or purchase one of the most important topics of business organizations today because of the challenges faced by these organizations, which necessitated her in looking for the best of the performance of its operations, whether Balsna within the organization or purchase by the external supplier. I felt the researcher and through Maashiha of the reality of production processes in the General Company for the manufacture of batteries, making the company the possibility of lead, which is the basic material in the manufacture of battery instead of buying from the external supplier. In order to test the effect of both options in the behavior of the production process, the researcher has designed two programs is the first study the behavior of the production process of manufacture in the case of either a second is studying the behavior of the production process in the case of purchase, using Monte Carlo simulation method of adoption of the Programme excel software. The results indicated preference made ​​on the purchase option and has therefore recommended that research material making bullets instead of purchase them from the external supplier.

The subject of the investment portfolio of topics important financial and leading in today's world, especially after the developments in the world in the last two decades of the last century and the concomitant changes in political and ideological added a shadow over all areas of investment in the world, enjoined to investors wishing to invest her with the analysis and study on the This investment represented by the wallet using financial methods and standards specified in the evaluation of this type of investment as performance and indicate the role of these standards in the selection of the investment portfolio efficient through the use of a measure (M2) after one performance measures capsular modern as well as the two indicators of return and risk and indicate their roles in the selection of Depending on the portfolio of one of these without the other, as well as the impact of the use of a measure (M2) in the selection of this portfolio, so what was the most important conclusion of the research was: (the use of this measure (M2) has a significant impact in the selection of efficient portfolio compared Bmahari return and risk, in the number of companies which had been incorporated in the portfolio on the basis of this measure compared with the rate of return of the portfolio market hypothesis). The most important thing is the researcher recommends: (need to focus on the large investment in this area is important at the local level to the attributes of the ground at the global level, and the extent of activation and stimulate awareness of the Iraqi investors to conduct the necessary analysis and study using the standards supported in the evaluation of portfolio companies to be established before embarking on this process.

is the subject of liquidity and profitability of the topics for which she received is still considerable interest by researchers and writers to find the nature of the relationship and how to balance between them beyond primary goal for each bank as well as the goal of safety for a triangle of poles of the three that can not be any bank that ConceptDraw pole or any of it. The main idea of ​​research evaluating the profitability of the bank to banks Iraqi character of government are the Rafidain and Rasheed using indicators of liquidity and of b (the proportion of the cash balance, the proportion of legal reserves, liquidity ratio legal, employment rate) and indicators of profitability for the statement affected by rates of liquidity, which is (rate of return on deposits, the rate of return on the right of ownership, rate of return on funds available) and to accommodate the research variables were the formulation of research problem, which refers to the bank's ability to maximize the profit from the results of his work without leading to excessive liquidity, Banking, which has thus reflect negatively on the reputation of the bank and trust dealing with him in the face of their financial obligations and the attic the search on the number of objectives the most important of (assessment of profitability banking and liquidity using the indicators of their statement of the impact of liquidity in the proportions of profit accruing to the bank) and achievement of these objectives has been formulated and tested hypotheses through the use of index statistical ANOVA, which includes the F-test and T and the coefficient of determination was R2 and temporal boundaries to search for a period of years 1997-2001. and that the most important thing was his conclusion is (the proportion of the impact indicators of liquidity for both banks were weak and not significant in the most likely indicators of profitability banking except one indicator is the legal reserve (liquidity) of the Rafidain Bank, the two indicators are the rate of return on deposits and the rate of return on the right property (profitability), as the effect was strong and morally). and that the most important recommended by the researcher is (the need to diversify the portfolio of investment banking for both banks in order to decrease the proportion of employment in them despite the rise in the Rasheed Bank compared Balravedan and out of character of the traditional banking business which contributes to enhance profitability of the bank and customer confidence with him).