Wasit Journal for Pure Sciences

The movement of pieces on chessboards has led to several problems. Many researchers have solved
some of these problems, but many of them remain unsolved. Graph theory is a mathematical method used to describe
and discover solutions to such problems. The problem of dominating the chessboard was found in topics pertaining
to puzzles in mathematics and entertainment mathematics. In this paper, we survey some results concerning
parameters domination, total domination, and covering vertices in chessboard. After converting the chessboard to
graph.

In this paper, we study the relationship between the approximate sets induced by equivalence relations
and topological spaces. We created a new space known as the topological approximate space by the relation ???????? = {???? ⊆
????: ????(????) = ????} ∪ ????. Separation axioms in the induced topological approximate space were also studied and proved it
with many theories, properties, and examples.

We addressed in this research the schedule of activities that are subject to the condition of linear
degradation in declining and growing rate states, respectively, with the goal of guaranteeing that the primary process\'s
duration would be fixed (????) and that its implementation would take place in a single machine. The objective was to
find the optimal schedule for calculating the total completion time ∑ ????ḭ
ń
ḭ=1
, and the optimal schedule for the deviation
problem (sum of squares of the difference between the tasks\' total required time and the previously established due
date time. where the objective is to minimize the squared deviation of job completion times from a due date), two
theories that state as the Λ-shaped scheduling theory with increasing rate ƛḭ of jobs and the v-shaped scheduling
theory with decreasing rate đḭ of jobs satisfy the conditions 0 < đḭ < 1 ????ń???? đḭ <
1
ń−1
, have been demonstrated in
situations where the base is implemented at a constant basic processing time .

In this work, a new type of topology called T-topology is generated based on graph ???? =
(????(????), ????(????)), and specific types of graphs are discussed for this purpose. The way to generate this type of topology
was the open neighborhood ???????? = {????́ ∈ (????(????): ????????́ ∈ ????(????)}, which is a subbase of topology.

A new class of higher derivatives for harmonic univalent functions defined by a generalized fractional
integral operator inside an open unit disk ???? = {???? ∈ ℂ: |????| < 1} is the aim of this paper. The method for proving these
theorems, which are used to derive new findings on this topic, is based on Lemma 1.1, which is stated in this study.
Some of its geometric characteristics such as the Hadmared product, convex combination, and distortion bounds, were
obtained using the recent finding of coefficient bounds for the new class. The originality of attempting to create a new
class of harmonic functions, this work expands on the body of information currently accessible on the convolution of
univalent analytic function and fractional integral operator for generate new class of harmonic functions.

This paper with the studding and modeling the dynamical interaction between two prey where one of
the prey species behave stronger than other, and one predator species, The influence of fear is integrated into the
development rate of vulnerable prey species owing to predation, with the spread of a SI illness among robust prey
species. Here it is considered that predator both preys according to Holling type II functional response for two prey
species. Then the formulation of the model is described and the boundness of solution of the system is discussed. The
local stability as well as global stability for each model steady states is analyzed. Finally, with the help of MATLAB
program, it is performed numerical simulations to support the evidence of our analytical results. Finally, a brief
conclusion on the total work is given.

: Data mining categorization is crucial for predicting outcomes. Naive Bayes Classification (NBC) is
a prominent approach used in data mining for classification purposes. It has the ability to anticipate outcomes and is
generally more efficient than other techniques of categorization. Several Naive Bayes classification methods exhibit
subpar performance when used to classification and regression issues. One of the factors contributing to the success
of NBC is the reliance on assumptions of independence among predictors and the initial hyper parameters.
Nevertheless, this robust assumption results in a decrease in precision. This work introduces a novel approach to
enhance the precision of NBC. The dataset consists of three groups, each containing 50 examples, resulting in a total
of 150 cases. The dataset contains the predicted attribute for the kind of Iris plant. The findings demonstrated that
the accuracy of the NBC improved to 97.81% % when Step-5 was included, compared to around 95.32 without Step5. The optimized results are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The built-in Naive Bayes classifier (NBC) in Matlab obtained
an accuracy of 78.08% using the same dataset. The suggested approach employs a grid search to enhance the accuracy
of Naïve Bayes classification. The results obtained indicate that the technique utilized achieved a significant degree
of accuracy in forecasting compared to the conventional built-in Matlab NBC. Thus, by assuming conditional
independence, the accuracy of the NBC may be enhanced.

: Sentiment analysis (SA) is a growing area of study that straddles a number of disciplines, including
machine learning, data mining, and natural language processing. It is focused on the automatic extraction of
viewpoints presented in a certain text. Many studies have been conducted in the area of sentiment analysis because to
its broad uses, particularly on texts in English, whereas other languages like Arabic have gotten less attention. The
Arabic language presents several difficulties, such as its rich morphology and the difficulty of tracing words back to
their original roots. Arabic comments have been analyzed and categorized into good and negative attitudes using a
framework. With the aim of evaluating any tweet, opinion, purpose, or reputation, such as a university, company,
mobile, and others, the research analyzes the comments made by users of the social networking site Twitter. It does
this by using classification technology and machine learning, which are among the fundamental tasks of the data
mining process used in the larger process, which is to explore knowledge. This search helps the user to access the
evaluation of other users through their tweets and comments on the social networking site for an opinion immediately
and automatically, and then the process of uploading and evaluating the opinions using appropriate algorithms for
this purpose as (Decision Tree classifier DTC, XGboost, Logistic Regression LR, Support Vector Machine SVM)
with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency TF_IDF

: The emergence of IoT devices has complicated the landscape of cybersecurity in ways that had never
been experienced before, thereby, giving raise to the need for more developed methods that can assist in threat
evaluation and deterrent. The work in the international scope analyses the particulars of the artificial intelligencebased anomaly detection in the IoT technology implementation including the perspectives of recent period between
2020 and 2024 of the various architectures’ effectiveness and their use in low-resource IoT environments. In this
review, as well as in many other recent works carried out by other authors, it is observed that deep learning methods,
such us Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and GRU-LSTM hybrid models, achieved the most accurate
performance, ranging from 96% up to 99.9% correct detection. Our examination focuses on several aspects of IoT
security, such as challenges at the device level, issues related to security at the network level, data security, and facets
related to artificial intelligence concepts and architectures capable of addressing the challenges. The results of the
study state that the AI techniques tend to be more efficient and have a high performance than the conventional methods
before but have drawbacks for realistic application owing to lack of adequate resources, absence of standard practices
and sophistication of new threats. The study also highlights the gaps that exist in addressing the current approaches
and makes suggestions on what is to be done, such as the importance of developing.

Millions of people suffer from malaria, considered one of the most dangerous parasitic diseases
threatening human life and cause morbidity and mortality, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditional
diagnostic methods such as blood smear checking, which can be achieved by using a microscope have many challenges
due to the inaccuracy of manual analysis and reliance on individual skills. Therefore, utilizing machine learning or deep
learning algorithms for automating malaria detection provides encouraging solutions to enhance accuracy, minimize
diagnostic time, and empower scalability. This proposed research paper addresses these challenges and employs a custom
Convolutional Neural Network for automating malaria detection and classification using a dataset from the National
Institute of Health (NIH) that is available publicly. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 97.5%, and excellent
results are performed regarding sensitivity and specificity when compared with machine learning algorithms such as
Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree. Furthermore, the results are validated using cross-validation
techniques and compared with the existing methods. The proposed CNN model can be deployed and potentially helps
professionals with real-time malaria diagnosis and classification to reduce the dependency on manual analysis.

: Probiotics have an assortment of implementations in various domains. Nowadays, probiotics are used as
a method to prevention many disorders and treat diseases. In this study was isolated L.rhamnosus from breast milk
with the intention to studying their properties as probiotics in view of important it on infant health. 24 positive samples
out of 108 have been isolated and identification by using biochemical tests and molecular diagnosis using the 16S rRNA
gene. This research revealed relationship between pregnant period and existence of L. rhamnosus (P-Value < 0.05).
this relationship refers to the milk of mothers who have completed nine months of pregnancy had high percent of
L.rhamnosus (75%) compared to mothers who delivery in seventh or eighth month of pregnancy whereas there no
relationship ( P-Value > 0.05)between existence of L.rhamnosus and mother age, infant age and type of delivery. The
probiotic potential was assessed by determining antibiotic susceptibility through the disc diffusion method. Among the
24 isolates, resistance was observed to vancomycin and intermediate resistance to penicillin, streptomycin and
clindamycin respectively, while susceptibility was shown to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamycin
respectively. Notably, none of the isolates exhibited hemolytic activity. Based on these findings, the isolated
Lactobacillus rhamnosus displayed promising probiotic characteristics, highlighting human milk as a potential source
of these beneficial bacteria.

Cryptosporidium spp. is a group of coccidian parasites of significant pathogenicity to both animals
and humans. Cryptosporidiosis is understood to be the underlying factor behind the development of severe and
protracted watery diarrhea in individuals diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This study aimed to
diagnosis of infection with the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in children by microscopic examination of stool
samples using the Modified Ziehl-Nelsoon stain and ELISA, as well as detection level of Lactoferrin in samples of
patients infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. A total 300 samples children aged 5 months - 5 years, of both sexes,
who visited some government hospitals (Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Salah al-Din General Hospital, Baiji General
Hospital, Sharqat General Hospital) and some private medical clinics in some areas of Salah al-Din Governorate who
suffered from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms during the period from July 1, 2022 to September 1, 2023.
Based on the analysis of 300 stool samples, the present investigation employing MZN revealed an infection rate of
70 (23.33%) positive samples and 230 (76.67%) negative samples. The ELISA technique used in the current study
recorded 130 positive samples and a total infection rate of 72.22% with a mean concentration of 2.54±1.13 pg/mL),
while the number of negative samples was 50 (27.78%) with a mean concentration of (27.78%) pg/mL out of 90
samples. This study showed increased incidence of infection with cryptosporidium in male than female that were
82(63.08%) and 48(36.92%) respectively, at p-value<0.05. The study observed a significant increase in the average
concentration of fecal LF in infected infants (506.125 ± 99.143 pg/mL) compared to the control group (104.183 ±
21.368pg/ml). This study concluded that Modified Ziehl Neelsen stain is the best staining method used in diagnosing
infection with the parasite. Furthermore, this study concluded increase level inflammatory immune parameters as
lactoferrine in stool samples of children infected with the C. parvum parasite

Soil contamination from industrial and agricultural activities is a widespread problem threatening
environmental and public health. Bioremediation employing bacteria shows promise as a sustainable cleanup
approach. To systematically review published research from 2015-2023 on bioremediating soil pollution using diverse
bacterial strains. A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus identified studies meeting inclusion
criteria: focused on bacterial bioremediation of polluted soils under controlled conditions and reported quantitative
outcomes. Industrial and agricultural operations contribute to environmental pollution by deleterious compounds in
the air, soil, and water. Bacteria are essential in bioremediation, facilitating the degradation of contaminants and the
restoration of damaged ecosystems. This organic method enhances ecological well-being and alleviates the
detrimental impacts of pollution. The 87 relevant studies were analyzed covering remediation of petroleum
hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and emerging contaminants using bacteria. Key genera included
Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Rhodococcus for hydrocarbons and metal-resistant bacteria. Most optimized conditions
in microcosms, with some field pilots showing decontamination over months. This review confirms bacteria
effectively biodegrade various soil pollutants under optimized conditions. Continued research is warranted to address
technical challenges for field-scale implementation and expand the range of treatable contaminants. Overall, bacterial
bioremediation represents a promising sustainable solution for soil remediation

Objective :1. Identification and isolation of candida spp in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). 2.To
identify the relationship between some important parameters (age, gender, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Associated with diabetes and oral candidiasis.
This study was performed in AL- Zahraa Teaching Hospital (Diabetic Center) Wasit Governorate during the period
from the first of December 2018 to the end of July 2019.The samples were collected from oral swabs, then cultured
on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), examined under microscope to show hypha and pseudohypha of Candida spp and
cultured on chrom agar for identifying the Candida spp. The molecular methods that used in this study were vitek 2
system and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that from 50 oral sample from Patients with diabetic
mellitus showed 23 (46.6%) infected with candidiasis ,22 (95.6%) of them were C.albicans and 1(4.4 %) was other
Candida spp (C.Dubliniensis) , while 27 (53.4%) were not infected. The Current study found a significant correlation
between glycosylated hemoglobin and oral Candidiasis when the HbA1c was ranging from (6.5-8.5

Chronic hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to elevated oxidative stress. As a
consequence, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)may cause additional damage to various
biological macromolecules, including DNA. The current study aims to evaluate the DNA damage in type2
diabetic patients from Wasit Province by estimating the levels of 8-OHdG using ELISA. All samples were
collected from the local community of Wasit province, Iraq. Forty-five type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
(22 males and 23 females) and 35 healthy controls (17 males and 18 females) were genotyped for 8-
oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1(OGG1). Determination of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1(OGG1) in
sera of patients with T2DM and controls was done by using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ELISA.The results reveal highly significant differences, the OGG1 levels in the diabetic patients were
higher than that of controls (646.96±2.14), controls (326.01±16.66), P= 0.0001. The OGG1 levels were
elevated significantly among males and female’s patients withT2DM compared to the control group,
627.02±66.31 versus 679.68±63.27), P= 0.01 (381.85±29.33 versus 355.44±31.45), P = 0.0006,
respectively. No significant differences were observed when comparing OGG1 levels between male and
female patients with type2 diabetes, as well as in the control group: 627.03±66.31 versus 679.68±63.27,
P=0.5974;381.85±29.36 vs.355.44±31.45, P=0.5478 in patients and controls
respectively.679.68267±63.27413 versus627.02830±66.29612 with a non-significant difference P=0.5974.
In conclusion levels of serum OGG1 are associated with diabetes mellitus

: The objective of this work was to examine the acute toxic effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2
NPs) on adult male white rats and comparison between orally administration and injection. Fifty experimental animals
were randomly divided into two groups, the Orally group and the injection group, each group contains 5 Subgroup
with 5 animals for each Subgroup as follows: Orally group: The first group T1 (as positive control group) that
administrated 1 ml of distilled water, T2, T3, T4, T5 treated with CeO2 NPs with 50 mg\ml, 250 ml, 500 ml, and 1000
ml, respectively. In addition, Injection group: - T1 (as positive control group) and T2, T3, T4, T5, treated with 50 ml,
250 ml, 500 ml, and 1000 ml, of CeO2 NPs respectively. This study demonstrated no effect of CeO2 NPs on
hematological parameters at p-value >0.05, While increase ALT and AST in both groups treated with of CeO2 NPs
at p-value <0.05. Furthermore, cause congestion of the central vein with degeneration of hepatocytes in T4. While in
high dose don’t show any effect. This study simultaneously concluded the cytotoxic effect in low dose on liver tissue
while no effect in high dose. Also, this study concluded no effect on hematological parameters.

Infective Endocarditis (IE), first documented over 350 years ago, is condition characterized by
infection of the endocardial membrane of the heart. The clinical presentations of irreversible endocarditis (IE) can
affect all organ systems, with the cardiac manifestations including valve vegetation, abscess, periannular extension
of infection, and myopericarditis. 230 Blood sample were collected from Infective Endocarditis patients, blood culture
used for bacterial growth and identification of bacterial species were completed by microscopic examination, culture
characteristics, and biochemical tests, and the use of the Vitek 2 diagnostic system for final identification of the
isolated bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity test for S. aureus were performed by disk diffusion method , mecA and sarA
genes were detected by PCR. 51 positive culture for bacterial growth and 18 were S. aureus bacteria, most of Staph
aureus were resistant to ampicillin (100%), amoxiclav (83.3%)and pencillin(94.4%) while they were highly sensitive
to Azithromycin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Trimethoprim,
which reached 72.22%, 72.22%, 83.33%, 88.89%, 83.33%, and 88.8% 9, 83.33%, 83.33%, 72.22%, and 88.89%,
respectively. mecA gene were found in (42,8%)of S. aureus isolates while sarA gene were found in (64.2%). S. aureus
have many virulence factors genes that contributed in the infective Endocarditis infection and they were resistant to
many antibiotics due to these genes.

: Tissues that have been paraffin-embedded and fixed in formalin (FFPE) are a significant diagnostic
resource for molecular and pathophysiological methods of cancer and numerous other illnesses. The most difficult
obstacle is obtaining high-quality of DNA from FFPE tissues, especially mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as formalin
fixation significantly compromises the integrity of DNA. To extract mtDNA, the Geneaid gSYNCTM DNA kit
(cat#GS100) was used with fifty breast cancer tissues (block). To check the mtDNA quality, specific primers for the
following genes, ATP6 gene (8527-9024) and D-Loop region (256-16277), were used to run a PCR reaction. Our data
showed that the mtDNA was successfully extracted with high quantity and quality. The two genes were amplified via
PCR with very high rate (97% average). In conclusion, the method described here has many possibilities for
applications in various molecular research projects involving FFPET substances. It can be used to obtain a high
quantity and quality of mtDNA from FFPE samples for different molecular diagnostic and research methods such as
PCR, qPCR, Sanger sequencing, and whole genome sequencing.

Giardiasis is considered one of the parasitic diseases affecting humans, caused by a flagellate protozoan
known as Giardia lamblia. It is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that can lead to various clinical and other
complications. Study aimed to diagnose infection with the G. lamblia in children aged (1-12 years) using a direct wet
mount, and to determine Giardia lamblia by targeting the TPI gene using PCR, in addition to evaluating the
relationship of infection of Giardia lamblia with (ghrelin and TFF3) using ELISA assay. By examining 238 stool
samples for children suffering from diarrhea and some intestinal symptoms visiting some hospitals in Salah al-Din
Governorate. 34 (14.2%) positive samples were recorded by microscopic examination. 100 fecal samples using the
PCR, showed 60 (60%) positive samples for the G. lamblia. The study revealed a highly significant increase in the
level of TFF3 a non-significant decrease in the level ghrelin in the serum of patients with infection. Direct microscopic
examination of stool samples It has good sensitivity for detecting G. lamblia parasite, and the TPI gene targeted in
PCR technology has high sensitivity and specificity for genotyping detection of the parasite.

: The study aimed to evaluate some biochemical, immunological, physiological and neurotransmitter
variables in chronic epilepsy patients. The study comprised 60 patients with epilepsy and a control group of 30
healthy persons, aged between 15 and 60 years. Samples were collected in the Neurosciences Hospital in Baghdad
(Saad Al Watri Hospital), the investigation involved quantifying the amounts of dopamine, serotonin, latenttransforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 (LTBP1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The findings of the present investigation indicated the following: A
notable reduction (p≤0.01) in the levels of latent transforming growth factor binding proteins (LTBP1) relative to the
control group. A notable elevation (p≤0.01) in the levels of dopamine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in comparison to the control values. A
substantial elevation (p≤0.05) in serotonin levels was observed relative to the control data. This study concuded a
reduction in the levels of LTBP1. The concentration of dopamine, serotonin, AST, ALT, and ALP is elevated in
patients with persistent epilepsy compared to healthy individuals. Epilepsy has a clear effect on the studied variables,
as it caused a decrease in the concentration of latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1.

This study was conducted in the postgraduate laboratory at the College of Science at Tikrit University
from October 2023 to May 2024 with the aim of investigating fungi causing skin diseases Dermatomycosis. 100
samples were collected from patients visiting the dermatology consultant at Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Al-Elm General
Hospital and some private clinics in Tikrit city for ages between 1 - 70 years. Laboratory culture showed positive
results at a rate of 50% of the total samples, as the results showed that the most type of skin fungus isolated during
the study was the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes at a rate of (16%) of the total number of positive samples,
followed by the fungus Microsporum canis at a rate of (12%), while Candida albicans appeared at a rate of (10%),
followed by Candida tropicals at a rate of (8%), Candida parapsilosis at a rate of (6%) and C. lipolatica at a rate of
(4%), while T. verrucosum and Microsporum gypseum appeared at a rate of 2% each, and the molds Aspergillus niger
and Aspergillus tubingenesis appeared at rates of (8%, 6%) each, respectively. The results showed that scalp ringworm
(20%) and finger ringworm (16%) were the most common among patients, with the percentage of males (60%) higher
than females (40%), and the ages of 10-30 years were the most affected at 40%.

Both the hepatitis A and E viruses cause acute liver infections; however, only the hepatitis E virus has
the potential to develop into an extrahepatic and chronic infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate
participants\' practices for adopting a healthy lifestyle to prevent contracting hepatitis A and E, as well as the general
population\'s knowledge and attitude towards these diseases.
This cross-section observation study comprised 832 participants conducted between January and June 2024, the study
population was Wasit University students from different colleges (scientific and humanitarian), also from secondary
school students, and hospital patients. The majority of participants were between the ages of 18 and 30, with 554
(66.6%) females and 278 (33.4%) males, according to the individual\'s sociodemographic characteristics. Of the
participants, 743 (89.3%) were aware that the virus causes hepatitis A and E. Additionally, 511 (61.4%), 698 (83.9%),
and 565 (67.9%) of them correctly identified the virus\'s route of transmission, how to avoid infection, and if a vaccine
was available for hepatitis A respectively.
The results show that 814 (97.8%), 811 (97.5%), and 630 (75.7%) practiced excellent food hygiene, hand washing
after using the restroom, and avoiding contact with those who had hepatitis A or E, respectively. This study shows a
high level of basic knowledge especially regarding the viral causes and hygiene practices also, this study reveals
significant gaps in the translation of knowledge into preventive actions such as testing and vaccination

Peptic ulcers occur owing to peptic acid damage to the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the erosion
of the mucosal layer, with lesions exceeding 3-5 mm in depth. Aim of the study: The main objectives of this study
were to evaluate the effect of fortified goat milk on the blood, liver and hormone profile in rats by estimating them in
blood plasma. To know the effect of goat milk fortified with bromelain on the stomach and intestines affected by
ulcers by comparing it with the treatment of omeprazole. The research was conducted from September 2023 to January
2024. A sample of 30 sexually mature male animals was used, randomly distributed into six groups of similar weights,
and each group included five rats obtained from the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit
University. Division of rats occure as A1 healthy control group (untreated and provided only with water and food
throughout the experiment period). A2 The infected control group (infected with a gastrointestinal ulcer after being
given an oral dose of acetic acid). A3 given an oral dose of goat's milk. A4 given an oral dose of goat's milk fortified
with bromelain enzyme. A5 given an oral dose of bromelain enzyme. A6 Group oral administration of omeprazole.
The present study showed decrease RBC, Hb, and PCV in T2 group as compared with control(T1), while increased
in T3, T4, T5, but no difference between T1 and T6. As for platelets increase in T1, while no differences between T1,
T3, T4, T5, and T6. Both GPT and GOT increase in T2 as compared with T1, while no differences in T3, T4, T5, T6
as compared with T1. Furthermore, decrease T3, T4, T5, T6 as compared with T2. As for GPT decrease in T3, T4,
T5, T6 as compared with T1 and T2. This study concluded the protective effect of goat milk on rats infected with
peptic ulcer and synergical combination of both bromelain and gout milk were more effective than alone. This study
also concluded increase PCV,Hb,RBC, and decrease GOT, and GPT in peptic ulcer.

This study was aimed to evaluate the concentration of serum vitamin D, potassium, D-dimer, and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) among coronavirus patients and control healthy individual according to their age ranges. The
present study weel-done in AL-Zahra teaching hospital, Wasit province, Iraq; from September 2022 to February, 2023,
the role of this study included 80 patients; 40 males (50.00 %) and 40 females (50.00 %) with age range (21-80 year).
While, the samples of control groups consist of 60 healthy individuals, 30 males (50.00%) and 30 females (50.00%)
with same age of patients group. Both study groups were separated into three age ranges; The 1st age range (21-40) year,
2
nd age range (41-60) year, and the 3rd age range (61-80) year, each group of (patients and healthy subject) were
separated into two subgroups (male and female).
The present study recorded that the concentrations of serum vitamin D and potassium significantly decreased (p≤0.05)
among (male and female) coronavirus patients as compared with control volunteers in all age ranges. In contrast, serum
D-dimer and LDH were elevated significantly (p≤0.05) among male and female of patient’s groups in the 2nd and 3rd
age range (41-60 and 61-80) year, while non- significant variation was recorded in the 1st age range (21-40) year in
compression to control subject.
Conclusion: Current study concluded that there were clearly significant association between vitamin- D insufficiency
and coronavirus susceptibility. Thus, taking a vitamin D supplement can help to reduce the complication of coronavirus
infection. Also, significant decreased in serum potassium levels considered as a risk of severe progression of acute
cardiac failure among coronavirus patients. While, significant increased in serum D-dimer, and LDH may be associated
with increased severity and mortality among coronavirus patients.

Microalgae are a sustainable alternative to source for high-value fatty acids (FAs) with production
potential nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and biofuel applications. Traditional extraction techniques, however, have
faced challenges like low yields, solvent toxicity and energy-intensive operations. A novel integrated PEF-scCO2
extraction strategy promise to release the maximum fatty acids yield with optimal quality directly from Chlorella
vulgaris without even needing organic extraction solvents. The FAs were selectively extracted from the PEF pretreated cells as step 1 of the tri-extraction procedure using scCO2. Optimization of PEF and scCO2 conditions are
being executed with response surface methodology (RSM) with a core integrated method, involving testing several
process factors. The lowest Y selectivity (38.2% yield) was obtained with the integrated PEF-scCO2 technique,
whereas use of the GC-MS technique for fatty acid analyses slightly improved Y selectivity (41.2% yield) over Y
selectivity (41.1%) using the other techniques. Both were significantly higher in comparison with the values obtained
by conventional solvent extractions (hexane and chloroform) and the standalone scCO2 extraction. The economic
analysis revealed that cost-effectiveness was achievable if carried out in an industrial scale, suggesting high prospects
of this integrated method for sustainable and high valuable FA production from microalgae

The present study undertakes the phytochemical analysis of Onopordum acanthium L., commonly
named Scotch thistle, collected in year 2024 for five areas in the western region of Iraq, for its antioxidant activities.
Consequently, an attempt to identify the chemical composition of the plant for Al-Karmah, Ramadi, Hit, Fallujah,
and Al-Qaim, respectively, was stated on the strength of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique
(GC-MS) technology. The outcomes showed a region-inducing, high variability in the chemical profile of this plant
with active compounds in the range of 18 to 29, which is the highest number in Hit and Al-Karmah, indicating the
richer biodiversity or favorable environmental conditions of the area. Compounds detected in all the regions included
neovitadiene and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, which are critical building blocks of the plant's metabolic
framework for survival at different scales. Antioxidant activity of O. acanthium was also performed, and the plant
sample from Ramadi presented the highest scavenging activity, 86% ± 0.05, reflecting higher antioxidant potential.
In contrast, the lowest activity was found for the samples from Fallujah, 51% ± 0.32, probably due to less appropriate
environmental conditions. The present study underlines the importance of regional environmental factors affecting
the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in O. acanthium. Consequently, such environmental conditions have a
pronounced impact on the antioxidant properties of this plant, which might be of interest for pharmacy and agriculture.
Also, the presence of ascorbic acid in the samples shows that this plant can be very useful for natural antioxidants;
thus, other studies could be developed from its medicinal and nutritional use

The current study aims to evaluate the levels of dust pollution on plants grown on roadsides and
resulting from traffic in Diyala Governorate. Four locations were chosen that represent different levels of traffic
density and industrial activity: Al-Tabu Street, Khuraisan Street, Buhriz Street, and Hay Al-Muallem Street.
Concentrations of heavy metals were measured, including (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), and
the results showed the highest concentration of heavy metals was recorded in zinc, which reached 145.9 mg/kg and
lead, 61.2 mg/kg. This is attributed to Due to the high traffic density and industrial activities, the lowest concentrations
were in Buhriz Street, where the lowest concentration of cadmium was 1.2 mg/kg, while the copper concentration
reached 22.1 mg/kg due to the lack of traffic activity. The current study also included measuring the physiological
functions of plants, including (Photosynthesis rate, stomatal measurement, and chlorophyll concentrations), as the
results showed that dust accumulation has effects on the physiological functions of plants, through a decrease in
construction efficiency. Photosynthesis and differences in chlorophyll concentrations. The study also showed the
impact of traffic and industrial activities on plant life as a result of dust falling on the surfaces of their leaves, which
emphasizes the importance of working to reduce dust pollution levels in urban areas to improve environmental quality.

Accurately forecasting the density of nanomaterials poses a problem because of the intricate correlation
between chemical composition and physical properties. Conventional approaches are computationally demanding and
sluggish, resulting in a bottleneck in material research and design procedures. This paper provides a machine learning
method that uses band gap and chemical composition data from the Materials Project database to predict the density
of nanomaterials. An improved Random Forest Regressor was developed and compared it against several baseline
models, including Linear regression, to demonstrate the superior performance of our approach Using a rigorous
preprocessing procedure, elemental characteristics extracted from chemical formulae was combined with band gap
data. To improve the random forest hyperparameters and boost the predictive power of the model, grid search crossvalidation was employed. Key components that have the biggest effects on nanomaterial density were identified via
feature importance analysis. Insights into structure-property correlations in nanomaterials were gained by examining
the link between density and band gap. Because machine learning allows for quick density estimates, this work shows
how it can speed up the discovery and design of nanomaterials. By enabling high-throughput screening of
nanomaterials and directing experimental efforts in materials synthesis and characterization, the created model can
be a useful tool for nanotechnology researchers and engineers. Our proposed approach achieved a significant
improvement over the baseline models with a reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) to 0.2871 and an R² increase
to 0.8886

Different polymers have attractive multiple properties due to their many uses in many fields. The
synthesized polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with metal oxide nanoparticles has many applications in different
approaches, such as electronics, sensors, optical, optoelectronics, and biomedical fields. The study was carried out
within the framework of density functional theory with B3LYP and exchange-correlation energy functionals 6-31
G(d,p). Three compounds were PVA and PVA synthesized with Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
nanocomposites. The results proved that using these oxides is a good way to improve the electronic properties of
PVA, as the energy gap of PVA decreased from 3.8 to 3.4 and 3.3 for PVA/TiO2 and PVA/ZnO, respectively. This
demonstrates the good semiconductor character of these compounds with applications related to solar cell
manufacturing. The photosensitivity of both PVA/TiO2 and PVA/ZnO samples in FTIR and UV-Vis results It was
indicated that TiO2 and ZnO interacted strongly with PVA.so they can be used in other applications such as energy
storage capacitors. The vibrational modes were then analyzed, in terms of force constant and reduced mass, which
were relatively constant hydrogen vibrations.

An investigation was conducted in Wasit Governorate, where 32 indoor air samples were collected
from popular locations and tested for the concentration of the metal copper (Cu). The samples were taken from air
conditioning systems and then diluted with distilled water before being analyzed using Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy. The results indicated that the concentration of Cu exceeded the permissible limits set by international
standards. The minimum, maximum, and average concentrations of Cu in the samples were found to be 1.45E-06,
9.2E-04, and 2.8E-05, respectively. Furthermore, a detailed assessment of non-carcinogenic toxic risks revealed
significant findings that warrant serious attention.

Abstract Preeclampsia is associated with many neuropsychiatric symptoms including fatigue. Many
biomarkers are correlated with fibrofatigue (FF) scores. The present study aims to examine the changes in the
advanced-glycated end-products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and
its receptor (VEGFR1), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile and atherogenic indices in preeclampsia as
predictors for preeclampsia patients with higher FF score. The objective is to forecast the severe fatigue in
preeclampsia. Preeclampsia patients were divided according to the FF score into high-FF (FF≥25) and low-FF
(FF<25). The biomarkers and FF scores were measured in the patient groups and compared with healthy pregnant
controls. PE women had higher levels (p<0.05) of AGEs, RAGE, VEGF, and VEGFR1 than control women, and the
rise is greater (p<0.001) in the high-FF PE group compared with the low-FF group. PE women also have dyslipidemia
(increased Cholesterol, triglycerides, and low HDLc), and low-grade inflammation (high serum CRP>6mg/l), which
rise with FF score. The multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) analysis showed no significant effect of the
covariates (age, gestational age, gravidity, age of onset, and duration of PE) on the measured biomarkers. The study
found significant differences in all parameters for high-FF PE patients (Partial η² = 0.727, p<0.001). CRP is the only
receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) variable distinguishing high-FF PE women from low-FF PE women. The
high-FF scores in PE are correlated to the lipid profile and atherogenic indices as well as dyslipidemia and low-grade
inflammation. PE patients with high-FF can be significantly predicted by increased CRP levels.

This study reports the formation, characterisation and biological evaluation of a Schiff base ligand and
its corresponding metal complexes. The Schiff base ligand (HL) was prepared through a condensation reaction
involving isonicotinohydrazide and N'-((1R,2R,4R,5S, E)-2,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3-azabi cyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-
ylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (M) in EtOH solvent and (3-5) drops of conc. HCl. The interaction of HL with selected
metal chlorides including Mn(+2), Co(+2), Ni(+2), Cu(+2) and Zn(+2) in a 2:1 (L:M) mole ratio resulted in the
synthesis of complexes with the general formula [M(HL)Cl2] (where: M = Mn(+2),Co(+2) and Ni(+2)) and
[M`(HL)Cl2] (where M` = Cu(+2) and Zn(+2)). The characterisation of the prepared compounds was carried out
using a range of spectroscopic analyses, containing FT-IR and electronic spectroscopy, NMR (1H and 13C), mass
spectrometry, atomic absorption, as well as a range of analytical techniques to fully characterise the title compounds,
including elemental microanalysis (C.H.N) for elemental composition determination, chloride percentage analysis,
conductivity measurements to assess electrical conductivity in solution, magnetic moments to investigate the
magnetic properties and melting point determination. These spectroscopic and analytical techniques were involved in
validating the identity and structural properties of both the ligand and its corresponding coordination compounds.
Besides the structural characterisation, the biological evaluation of the synthesised compounds toward both G+ and
G- bacterial strains was assessed. This investigation sheds light on the potential applications of these compounds in
combating bacterial infections.