Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This study was conducted to evaluate some production traits, of @? white
quail and @? colored quail one day old raised for >V days. The results showed
white quails exceeded significantly coloured quails in their live body weight at
all ages, There were no significantly differences between the two types of quails
at the age of 6"V weeks in their growth rates. White quails showed significantly
higher growth rate than coloured quails during the period of V"> weeks.


Whereas coloured grew significantly faster than white quails during the period
of >": weeks also on feed intke feed conversion ratio. Female quails
exhibited significantly higher in this character.

This study was conducted during the winter season of 2004/2005 under
plastic tunnels in Al-Birjesiah Res. Stat. at desert area. The aim of the
experiment was to study the effect of Biocont-T addition on growth behaviors
of tomato "Super Marmande" cultivar. Experiment included three treatments
(1. Addition at seed sowing in the nursery,2.Addition at seed sowing in the
nursery + at transplanting in the permit field and 3. without any
addition"control"). Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three
replicates. R.L.S.D. Test was used at probability of 5% to compare mean
variations. Results can be summarized as follows:-
The fungus Trichoderma harzianum addition cause a significant increase
in the seed germination% and the vegetative growth of the transplants (height
and leave number), whereas it dose not gave a significant effect in germination
rate. Its addition gave a significant increases in the vegetative growth of
plants(height, leave number and lateral branches.plant-1) after 90 and 150 day
after sowing as well as at the end of growth season, while its two addition(at the
nursery and the field) gave a significant increase in inflorescence and fruits
number.plant-1 after 90 and 150 day after sowing as well as at the end of growth
season. Its addition at the nursery gave a significant increase in plant yield at
percentage 17% and the donum production at 19%, while its two addition(at the
nursery and the field) gave a significant increases in plant yield at percentage
58% and 34%, early yield at 39% and 33% and donum production at 58% and
34% comparing without addition and with its addition at the nursery
respectively.

This study was conducted during the winter season of 2004/2005 under
plastic tunnels in Al-Birjesiah Res. Stat. at desert area.
The aim of the experiment was to study the physiological effect of
Biocont-T addition on growth behaviors of tomato "Super Marmande"
cultivar. Experiment included two treatments (1. Addition at seed sowing in the
nursery + at transplanting in the permit field and 2. without any addition
"control"). Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates.
L.S.D. Test was used at probability of 5% to compare mean variations. Results
can be summarized as follows:-
The fungus Trichoderma harzianum addition caused a significant increase
in the seed germination% at ratio of 9%, the vegetative growth of the transplants
( height and leave number) at ratio 15% and 20% respectively, the root growth
of plants (lateral number, length, root area, wet and dry weight). at ratio 63%,
44%, 62%, 40% and 51% respectively. Whereas it significantly reduced the root
content of phenolic compounds and essential oil at ratio 18% and 74%
respectively. It gave a significant increase in the vegetative growth of the whole
plant (height, leave number and lateral branches.plant-1) at ratio 11%, 8% and
17%, respectively, as well as leaf dry matter, carbohydrate and protein content
at ratio 48%, 26% and 31% respectively.

A study was conducted to determine mineral content of pollen grains of
three date palm male cltivars .In Abu- AL- Khaseeb region –
Basrah.Namely (Ghannami Ahmar, Ghannami akder and Khikri adi) .A
study of mineral content of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphouer.
Elucidated the Significant differences were found among the three types
of pollen in their mineral concentrations. The pollen taken from the make
clone khikri adi and Ghannami akder had the highest concentrations of
Nitrogen. The result showed that concentrations of Potassium in three
cultivars were high in Ghannami ahmar and khikri adi. However, the
valus of Phosphouer increased in Ghannami ahmar and Ghannami
akder. Genetic factors were considered among pollen grain cultivars,
which might cause the metaxenic effect of pollen grains on fruit
characteristics of date palms.

The aim of this study was estimation of some chemical and rheological
properties of some local wheat varieties (Mexipake, Abu-Graibe, Saberbeg, Ipa-
95 and Tammouz-3).
Results indicated that Tammouz-3 and Saberbeg wheat varieties and
their flour have high significant difference in protein content (15, 14.05%) and
(14.98, 14.14%) respectively among other varieties. Flour from Ipa-95 was
higher in wet gluten percentage (38.74%) compared with other varieties, but
there were no significant differences between Ipa-95 , Tammouz-3 and
Saberbeg flour in dry gluten percentage (13.07, 12.91, 12.31%) respectively.
Ipa-95 and Saberbeg showed a high significant differences in Zeleny and
Pelshenke tests (30.47cm3, 97min.) and (33.1cm3, 82 min.) respectively
comparing with the other varieties.
Farinograph readings of Tammouz-3 flour revealed a high significant
differences in water absorption percentage, development and stability time
(69%, 5.5 min., 8.5 min.) among other varieties and there were no significant
differences between Saberbeg and Ipa-95 flour in development time (4.5, 4.5
min.) respectively, but there were a significant differences in water absorption
percentage and stability time.

Shrimp Lipids were extracted and study it’s chemical characters
(Moisture, Iodine Number, Acid Number, Saponification Number, Peroxide
Number and cholesterol) and physical characters (Refractive Index, Smoking
point, Melting point and viscosity) and study it’s content from fatty acids.
The results shows that shrimp tissue contains approximately (1.91%)
extractable lipids and it’s chemical characters 0.11% moisture, Iodine number
167, acid number 0.175%, saponification number 183, free fatty acids 0.087%
peroxide number 0.95 meg/kg and cholesterol 200 mg/100gm. While it’s
physical characters were Refractive index 1.4792, smoking point 165Co,
melting point 32Co and viscosity 0.8267 centipoise, shrimp lipids also contains
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as Myristic, Palmitic, Stearic,
Palmitoleic, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic and Aracidonic acid.

Food habits of gold fish Carassius auratus in Al-Huwayzah , Suq Al-
Shuyukh and East-Hammar marshes were studied from May VEE> until April
VEE?, using different nets meshes as well as electrical catching method.
Points and frequency methods were used for food analysis , and important
relative index (IRI) was calculated for each items .Food components contained
flora ( algae and aquatic plants ) , fauna ( insects , crustacean and mollusca ) as
well as detritus . Algae was the highest value of IRI than the others components
.in all studied marshes , this fish was considerd omnivorous species

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of concentrated super
phosphate fertilization placement on its reaction and phosphorous availability
using two calcareous soils from south Iraq. The phosphate fertilizer was added
at four rates (E , ?E , 6EE & VEE kg PVO? . ha "6) either mixed with soil, broad
casting on the soil surface , subsurface application or dissolving with irrigation
water . Results indicated that the mixed method plays a significant role in
increasing phosphate immobilization and retarding the formation of the more
soluble phosphate compounds. The method of fertilizer dissolving in water
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formed the less soluble compounds as compared with the broadcasting & mixed
application. However, the broadcasting method had the superiority over the
others methods in keeping the phosphate availability for along period in the
both soil

A field experiments were conducted in two location (AL Kurna and ALshafi
project) during the growing season 2001 , to study the effect of planting
time (1St. of March , 15th of March and 1St. April ) on the yield and quality of
different cotton cultivars (Ashor-1 , Ahmer saburi , Lashata and Coker310 ) .
Result show that :
Ashor-1 cultivar gave significantly highest net ginning percentage and
fiber strength (gm/tex) while Ashor-1 , Ahmer saburi and Lashata cultivars gave
significantly highest seed cotton yield (kg/ha) and seed yield (kg/ha) as
compared with local cultivar Coker310 . Ashor-1 and Ahmer Saburi and
Coker310 cultivars gave the highest the Microner-tester. The second and third
planting date (15March , 1st April ) gave significantly highest seed yield (kg/ha)
while first and second planting date gave significantly highest Microner-tester .
At the same time the second planting date gave significantly highest seed cotton
yield and seed yield (kg/ha) ; But Al-shafi project location gave significantly
highest net ginning percentage and fiber strength (gm/tex).
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Lashata and coker310 cultivars gave significantly highest net ginning
percentage at the all planting date . Ashor-1 cultivars gave significantly highest
seed cotton yield (kg/ha) at the second and third planting date and Ahmer saburi
cultivar gave at all planting date gave the same effect. Lashata cultivar gave
significantly highest lint yield (kg/ha) at the all planting date . Ashor-1 and
Lashata cultivars at the second and third planting date and Ahmer saburi at the
all planting date gave significantly highest seed yield (kg/ha).
All cultivars at the all planting date gave significantly highest fiber length
(mm) only Coker310 cultivar at the second planting date . Coker310 cultivar
gave highest Microner tester at the second planting date . Lashata cultivar gave
highest fiber strength (gm/tex) at the second planting dare .

A Field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station at
Basrah governorate in Al-Burgisia site during the winter season of VEE6"VEEV
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to study the effect of five plant spacing ( 6E , VE , 9E , >E , ?E ) Cm and number
of plant per hill (6 , V , 9 ) plant on growth and yield of safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius L. CV. Gilla ) . A Split plot design were used with four replicates
and the result showed the following :
Increase number of plant per hill reduced the the number of bells per plant ,
number of seeds per bell , weight of 6EEE seeds and plant yield .
Increase the spacing between plants had significant effects on plant height ,
plant No. of branch , number of bell per plant , number of seeds per bell ,
weight of 6EEE seeds and plant yield .
Significant effect were found to the interaction of the two factor on all the
studies characteristics excepted on number of branches per plant and bell
diameter .

The microbial quality of beef carcasses, sanitary conditions in butchers’
shops and possibility of the presence of human pathogens associated with food
poisoning outbreaks such as salmonella and staphylococci was investigated in
160 samples of beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives, workers’ hands and air
(32 samples for each).
These samples were collected from butchers’ shops in four local markets in
Basrah city (Al-Jumhuriya , Al- Basrah , Al-Ashar and Khamsa mile). All
samples were tested for aerobic plate count, total coliform count,
Staphylococcus aureus count and an attempt was made for isolating and
identifying of Salmonella spp. Except samples of air were examined only for
aerobic plate count. The collection of samples were done during in January and
ended with June 2004.
There were no significant differences in aerobic plate count, total coliform
count and Staphylococcus aureus of beef carcasses among the different markets
(Al-Jumhuriya, Al-Basrah, Al-Ashar and Khamsa mile), similar findings were
observed in the cutting blocks and air samples, whereas significant differences
were appeared in aerobic plate count and total coliform count of knives sample
between Al- Basrah and Al-Ashar markets.
The aerobic plate count of workers’ hands of Al-Jumhuriya and Al-Ashar
markets showed significant differences, whereas total coliform count showed
significant differences between Al-Jumhuriya and Khamsa mile
The percentage of coagulase positive test of Staphylococcus aureus which
were isolated from the beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives and workers’ hands
samples was 100%.

The effect of different sources of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Ember)
residues; straw, dry root, burned straw, and burned root on wheat
(Triticum aestivum cv. IPA) and barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Local)
germination and seedling growth was investigated. Extracts of residues
were used at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 4% (w:v). Whole residues
were used at rates of 10, 20, and 40 g/kg soil. Seed germination, shoot and
root length, reduction in dry weight , chlorophyll content, and electrolyte
leakage from leaf cells expressed as injury were measured.
The results showed as the concentration of the extracts or rate of whole
residues increased, all the growth parameters studied decreased also in
both crops except injury to seedling which increased in proportional to
increasing concentrations. Ground root extracts and whole residues were
the most effective in reducing germination, root length , shoot length,
chlorophyll content and dry weight. For whole residues, burned root was
superior in increasing injury to wheat leaves while ground root was more effective in increasing injury to barley leaves. For the interaction, ground
root extract at 4% or ground root of whole residues at 40g/kg soil had the
most inhibitory effect in most cases.

The microbial quality of beef carcasses, sanitary conditions in butchers’
shops and possibility of the presence of human pathogens associated with food
poisoning outbreaks such as salmonella and staphylococci was investigated in
160 samples of beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives, workers’ hands and air
(32 samples for each).
These samples were collected from butchers’ shops in four local markets in
Basrah city (Al-Jumhuriya , Al- Basrah , Al-Ashar and Khamsa mile). All
samples were tested for aerobic plate count, total coliform count,
Staphylococcus aureus count and an attempt was made for isolating and
identifying of Salmonella spp. Except samples of air were examined only for
aerobic plate count. The collection of samples were done during in January and
ended with June 2004.
There were no significant differences in aerobic plate count, total coliform
count and Staphylococcus aureus of beef carcasses among the different markets
(Al-Jumhuriya, Al-Basrah, Al-Ashar and Khamsa mile), similar findings were
observed in the cutting blocks and air samples, whereas significant differences
were appeared in aerobic plate count and total coliform count of knives sample
between Al- Basrah and Al-Ashar markets.
The aerobic plate count of workers’ hands of Al-Jumhuriya and Al-Ashar
markets showed significant differences, whereas total coliform count showed
significant differences between Al-Jumhuriya and Khamsa mile
The percentage of coagulase positive test of Staphylococcus aureus which
were isolated from the beef carcasses, cutting blocks, knives and workers’ hands
samples was 100%.
The beef carcasses, cutting blocks knives and workers’ hands samples
showed negative results in salmonella identification testes.